#gel filtration

[montypng]

2023 treating me so well in terms of music bro.....new hozier ep+tour, going 2 see cheekface, bob vylan (W/ JIGSAW YOUTH OPENING), and bikini kill in the next couple months, new fob....new anti flag earlier in january..fr only thing i need now is a pinkshift tour stop closer 2 my area ..

[angiospleen]

Stem academia is so cool (pt. 5)

Dim, warm lighting

Planned trips to science museums (also any other kind of museum)

Brown leather satchels

Leather bound notebooks

Clumped mascara

Loud music in the shower

Lemony Snicket

Sweater vests & trousers

Pale pink titrations

Gel electrophoresis

Vacuum filtration

CANDLES

[jomindraws]

Up next, still in Superphylum Outersymmetrum... Phylum Neoediacarae (or Macrochronoiterae)

PHYLUM NEOEDIACARAE

Phylum containing coronal and sagittal, but not full radial symmetry, with a porous outer membrane and a dermal layer of mucin.

(AN1 B1-d) Clade: ArboropescadaeA clade of animals that are completely benthic and are supported by plasmodial fluid.

Class Leafsprouts

Class of arboropescadae that have a set of leaf-shaped fans to collect and capture and absorb zooplankton and small fish; oriented upright by gaseous bladders.

(AN1 B1-e) Clade: ObliquiiA clade of animals that locomote via water jet filtration and have an outer calcified scaled shell.

Class Oblique Shelled

Class of obliquii that eject venomous quills at prey from keratin tubes on the outside of the shell.

(AN1 B1-f) Clade: ChronoiteraeA clade of animals that contain a gel matrix in a central cavity, have a clear polyp and medusoid stage, are mobile at some point in their lives, and can reproduce asexually via fragmentation.

Class Marine Macropseudoflora

Class of chronoiterae that consume and organisms through fatty tongues, are stood unright by a firm stalk, and are typically rooted into the ground by mutualistic fungal growths.

Class Combed Matlobs

Class of chronoiterae that consume organisms through dozens of sets of tooth-tongues, have a circular and flat morphology, ridged dorsal teeth for defense, and move via floundering locomotion. Phylum Neoediacarae is so aptly named due to its similar analogous appearance to Earth's own Ediacaran biota-- in the way that such animals look similar to some plants. However, the similarity is only vaguely appearance-wise, and many of these organisms are incorporated perfectly fine within their environment, acting as various filter-feeders, carnivorous organisms, hunters, and scavengers. I typically like to use the word Ediacaran in several different flora and fauna names at a whim if any such are vaguely truncated or combed-- its more a trick to help me remember my own biosphere in the names rather than a blanket term for copying Ediacaran fauna lol, I assure you they are very different.

[therapeutic007]

🌟✨ The Holy Grail of Hydration: COSRX Snail Mucin 96% Power Repairing Essence ✨🌟

Hey, skincare lovers! 💖 If you’re on a quest for that dewy glow and want to tackle dull skin and fine lines, let me introduce you to my ultimate secret weapon: COSRX Snail Mucin 96% Power Repairing Essence! 🐌💧

This magical potion is packed with 96% snail secretion filtrate, which might sound a bit unusual at first, but trust me—it’s a game-changer! This essence not only hydrates deeply but also helps to repair the skin barrier, making it perfect for those of us battling dryness or uneven texture. 🌈✨

Why I’m Obsessed:

Hydration Hero: The lightweight, gel-like texture sinks in immediately, leaving your skin plump and refreshed without any sticky residue. Perfect for layering under your moisturizer!

Dull Skin No More: I’ve noticed a visible improvement in my skin’s brightness after just a few weeks of use. It’s like my skin found its glow again! 🌟

Fine Lines? What Fine Lines?: The essence works wonders in smoothing out those pesky fine lines, making my skin look youthful and bouncy. Talk about a confidence boost! 💪💕

K-Beauty Favorite: COSRX is a beloved brand in the Korean skincare world, known for its effective ingredients and no-nonsense formulations. You know you’re getting quality!

How to Use: Just a couple of pumps on clean skin before your moisturizer are all you need. I love applying it in the morning and evening for maximum benefits!

If you’re ready to elevate your skincare game and give your skin the love it deserves, grab yourself a bottle of this gem! Trust me, your future self will thank you. 💖✨

Have you tried it ? Check it out here ?

[peachdues]

Girl help. My skin is sooo freaking dry right now. Like no matter how much lotion I put on my face, I still have dry patches pop up minutes later. My skin overall is dry, but the winter makes it worse. Any suggestions?

Girl don’t worry, I gotchu.

I vouch for these two products with my LIFE:

1. The cosrx snail mucin 92 all in one cream

Deal of the day: COSRX Snail Mucin 92% Moisturizer 3.52oz/ 100g, Daily Repair Face Gel Cream for Dry, Sensitive Skin, Not Tested on Animals, No Parabens, No Sulfates, No Phthalates, Korean Skincare https://a.co/d/h1bjIfG

I use this at night before my moisturizer. The consistency is (teehee) but I SWEAR it saves my skin in the winter.

The second product I recommend is the cosrx snail mucin essence — it’s gentle enough to use morning and night (before moisturizer both times)!

COSRX Snail Mucin 96% Power Repairing Essence 3.38 fl.oz 100ml, Hydrating Serum for Face with Snail Secretion Filtrate for Dull Skin & Fine Lines, Korean Skincare https://a.co/d/bm8hzgO

COSRX Snail Mucin 96% Power Repairing Essence 3.38 fl.oz 100ml, Hydrating Serum for Face with Snail Secretion Filtrate for Dull Skin & Fine Lines, Korean Skincare https://a.co/d/bm8hzgO

Finally, if you need a moisturizer, I do recommend the versed skin soak — a little pricier but GODDDD is it good. I use this at night!

Versed Skin Soak Rich Moisture Face Cream - Daily Facial Moisturizer with Squalane Oil, Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin E + Red Algae - Smooth, Non-Greasy Night Cream for Aging, Dry Skin - Vegan (1.5 oz) https://a.co/d/9ICK5sZ

[hollyhomburg]

👉🏻👈🏻 Can you go into your skin care routine a little bit as in what order you apply things and how long in between applying products (like is it immediately or do you wait 5 mins to let the first stuff dry/sink in before the next product)?

I get so lost with skin care that I get discouraged and then dont so anything.

oh god this is probably gonna be really long but,

so for the pm- Basically with most of the humectant (moisturizing stuff) you wanna apply that as soon as you get out of the shower and in quick succession so that any water and moisture can get absorbed into the skin and not just evaporate. assuming you shower at night like a sane person this should be your first step when you get out of the shower, you can not wipe off your face with your towl to keep your face damp for longer, i usually don't even wait to put on my pj's before i sit infront of my little skincare stack and start to slap stuff on my face.

the first batch is stuff like the cosrx snail mucin, cosrx glactanomicies ferment filtrate and hyaluronic acid (you'll see a lot of people tell you that 'the ordinary' one is bad but tbh it's fine and cheap, but a good option is also the one from good molecules, neither of them are more than 10$).

if you do not shower at night or wait to long and your skin gets dry, then you want to preface all of your skincare with some sort of toner; the lineage cream skin is absolutely amazing- especially if you have redness and inflamed skin- it is a little bit pricey but tbh most toners run in the 15-30 per 60oz range. these can last you up to 6 months. my leniege one was actually a gift from a follower for my last birthday and i've been using it very sparingly. i immediately follow it up with snail mucin, hyaluronic acid, or something light and hydrating, this is the first barrier of skincare that kind of cushions your skin if you plan on using an actives.

You want to sandwich all of the stuff that dries out your skin from acne, takes care of your fine lines and wrinkles, or chemically exfoliates your skin between your serum and cream. now is when you get into the waiting- when you start to apply your actives.

Actives are stuff like retinols/retinoids, aha's or lactic acids, bha's or glycolic acids, salicylic acids, and niacinamide. these are things that can damage your skin if improperly used. for me- aha's feel a little less damaging than glycolic acids. aha's and bha's are generally a once a week thing especially if you're just starting out. niacinamide help with sebum and clogged pores as well as pigmentation issues, salicilic acid is also something that kinda helps keep your skin sterile from acne causing bacteria, if you have sensitive skin introduce these very very slowly, start with niacinamide and work your way up. i apply niacinimide almost every day and everything else as needed.

next you have your eye cream- it can change based on what you want to solve, if you have fat loss around your eye (ie deep set eyebags like mine) you want to use stuff thats going to thicken the skin faster- staying away from stuff that decreases blood flow like caffeine, if you have dark circles- you want stuff that has brightening agents. if you have fine lines- then eye patches (mini eye face masks basically) and a super hydrating undereye cream will help. i tend to lean for the hydrating stuff. because i have dry under eyes, fine lines, and fat loss.

the ones ive tried are the cosrx snail peptide eye cream, the beauty of jeoseon ginsent and retinal eye cream, the mizon snail repair eye cream, the purito green level eye cream, the haru haru wonder cream the inky list retinol and caffine eye creams, the good molecules, yerba mate wake up eye gel, and the milky dress wrinkle and whitening eye cream. the ONLY ONES that i saw ANY difference with are the good molecules, milky dress, and haruharu, but the one from good molecules is adequate under makeup and the best by far and cheapest.

fat loss is one of the main reasons why you want to stay away from things like lash growth serums, there are some that claim to not cause fat loss, but tbh, seeing as the only way to fix it is via invasive cosmetic surgery- i wouldn't risk it. it's not worth it.

Next i go in with a cream. and then acne gel over top and then you're done!

So basically

shower

Toner,

hyaluronic acid/serum/hydrator

wait until skincare has absorbed,

Apply actives if you desire actives to fix issues, wait inbetween each application so that the skincare has time to sit and soak in,

You can apply your eye cream at the same time as these steps, because usually actives should not go around the eye area.

Cream, no need to wait

Acne treatment

hope that helps! i have to start my workout now~~~ good luck!

[eddiethehunted]

just did a gel filtration chromatography lab and slayed it so i actually AM an academic weapon and stem programs are soooooooo easy and i was just being dramatic every other day of my program where i said i wanted to die

[y2kbugs]

"It is of some importance to note that when cloning historical figures, idiosyncrasies may prevent direct replication"

"It is important...Environmental externalities, in particular hormonal imbalances introduced within puberty, can be responsible for unblanned combinational parings and even pregnancy."

"Thus, only through the appropriate pairings of codons can cloning occur in the physical state. Assuming a random sequence of the twenty amino acids, and a healthy distribution of ribonucleic acids, only certain pairings of certain dipeptites will ensure e[????] responsibility. Knowing that dipeptide now tastes more like regular people, however, alters the approach.

Modern technology, with respect to gel electrophoresis and resultant tiltration [? filtration?], allows today's mad scientist the freedom of replication denied those [thus? then? weird grammar] in the past. Convalency within the semi-permeable nucleon (given the proton pump vacuum) [?] combines with the golgi ionic cannon [?] immediately following mitosis and only for an hour or two depending on when you last ate."

I'm sure these don't mean much and I'm probably overlooking it but, little details. The "It is important to note..." message appears a few times.

This stuff doesn't appear in the season 2 intro.

[amalia-uwu]

S K Ó L I X

ΣΚΏΛΗΞ

I DONT OWN -> Undertale, Horrortale, Farmtale, the rights go to the respective owners. I only own my original characters and this fic.

Undertale by Toby Fox

Horrortale by Sour Apple Studios

Farmtale by GuinongTale_AU

Cover

Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 |Chapter 5 | Chapter 6 | Chapter 7 (you are here)

Chapter 8

Warnings ⚠️: angst, unrealistic medical stuff, inaccurate medical stuff, injections, blood & magic filtration (let me know what else),

Note (sorry forgot to add): So, the Skólix's bite /sting is like bees. I mean after they sting the victim the Skólix turns into dust.

____________

Papyrus carried Sans in his arms and waited outside the room. Axe was close by.

Sans's was slack in his embrace. He rested his head on Papyrus's shoulder.

Papyrus whispered soft comforting words.

Ophelia, Lilian and Hermione had finished preparing the equipment for the marrow dialysis.

It was a huge machine with many cables. Papyrus slightly panicked.

Sans was shivering in Papyrus's embrace.

Papyrus whispered comforting words "It's okay, it's gonna be over soon! We are here! Try to breathe ssshhhh".

The room couldn't fit many people. Ophelia came out rolling a stretcher "Papyrus lay him here". Papyrus gently laid him down.

Sans took a hold of his clothes for dear life.

"I'll be right here! I promise...".  Hesitantly, Sans let go.

Ophelia gently pulled the stretcher into the room. Lilian and Hermione began removing his clothes. They started hooking up the cables.

They covered his hip in order to give him a little bit of privacy.

They added a cool gel all over his sternum and then used an ultrasound to hear his soul beat.

Needless to say, Sans began panicking. His soul was beating like crazy. *BA DUM! BA DUM! BA DUM! *

His breathing was frantic.

Sans had many cables and needles injected all over his bones and soul.

The doctors looked at him sympathetically. It was for his own good...

Ophelia walked outside and informed "I can allow only one person in".

Papyrus looked at Axe "Im a little too tall for this specific room.. Maybe you should go in.. I'll wait outside". Axe nodded.

(Note : the room was quite wide but around Axe's height.)

.

.

Ophelia gave him a robe as well and gloves.

Ophelia thought for a second "Paps? May I burrow your scarf? He can't see very well but, I believe your scent will calm him down".

Papyrus removed his floral scarf and gave it to her without a second thought.

It was a beautiful scarf; Peach in color with sunflowers on it.

Ophelia carefully placed one side of the scarf over the left side of Sans's face.

Ophelia pressed a button. The machine activated and the Marrow dialysis began.

Axe gently leaned close to Sans's face, "Heya; sorry.. Papyrus couldn't come in. He was afraid because he is a little too tall; But, he is outside"

Sans grinned and weakly turned his head. Papyrus waved at them "He is waving" Axe informed.

Sans gave a woozy smile. He couldn't move a bone. His bones ached but with Axe and Papyrus by his side, he endured it patiently.

"It's okay, sssshhh, you will be good as new, Lily says hi! [one of his cows ], Pearl also says hi [Lamb].

You have a lot of treats to give them buddy. They are waiting for you. All of them (all his animals)" Sans kept smiling softly.

Hearing Axe's voice and sniffing his brother's scent calmed him down.

Axe understood it. Saejun's soul beat was calmer than before. Being hooked in so many cables sure is uncomfortable.

When Axe didn't know what to say he would just caress Sans's face.

He watched as his marrow and magic were filtered.

It left from the right tube. He could see that it was slightly rotten and filthy.

It returned all clean from the left tube.

.

.

Sans closed his eyes tightly as pain hit him again.

"Try to breathe". Axe looked at him sympathetically.

Sans squirmed and murmured in discomfort. He looked at Axe and his eyes spoke a thousand words.

"I know... it will be over soon! We'll give you many hugs! We are going to cook together. Papyrus said he will cook a nice meal for us! We will even drink coffee with Martha! We will go over the cliff and see the view, I'll help you make pies, we will do many things! For the rainbow to appear, there must be a storm.. Right?".

Sans closed his eyes slowly nodding.

Axe caressed his face. Sans's eyes teared up. Axe felt the tears on his phalanges. He kept whispering soft comforting words.

He wanted to use his magic to calm him down. However, he was afraid that it might be too much or that he will do more harm than good.

.

.

It took 2 agonizing hours. Axe's bones began complaining but for Sans's sake he endured it patiently.

Papyrus hadn't moved an inch. He was glued to the window.

The machine stopped. Sans opened his eyes. Trails of tears were visible.

Axe whispered tenderly "You did it Saejun".

Ophelia walked in, she gently touched his forehead.

"It's okay! ..it's over now Farmy, we are going to take you to the room to rest. Tomorrow we will run some tests. You did amazing!".

Sans closed his eyes and exhaled softly at her soft paws.

"Axe could you please come behind me, I need to do a check up with this device".

Axe nodded. "I'm here Sans" he whispered. He walked behind Ophelia and watched as she activated the device.

She passed the device above his body. There was a soft green light that scanned his entire body.

The machine began analyzing. Statistics appeared on screen and

[... LOADING PLEASE WAIT... ]

After a few minutes the device showed the results.

«Clean»

They sighed in relief.

She looked outside the window, Papyrus was still standing there; mouth in a tight line.

He was watching with anticipation.

Ophelia nodded and showed the device's reading.

Papyrus sighed in relief. She used the device again for safety reasons. Same results.

«Clean».

Axe walked outside.

They slowly began removing the cables. His bones were cold and softly rattling.

Ophelia dressed him in a hospital gown. She added a bedsheet above him and rolled the stretcher back to the room.

Papyrus and Axe followed. Ophelia motioned them to come in.

"Papyrus, Axe you can hug him, they say that hugs are the best medicine".

Papyrus leaned above Sans.

Sans smiled. Papyrus carefully lifted him. Sans was like a rag doll.

Sans didn't have the energy to move but, he buried his face on Papyrus's collarbone.

He let out a soft content sigh.

He tried to speak. This time he managed to make a low raspy sound.

"It's okay brother! You did amazing" Don't force yourself to speak!"

Everyone sighed with relief. Hermione, Lilian and Agatha hugged each other!

It worked...

Axe was standing behind Papyrus. He gently caressed Sans's face.

Sans leaned at the touch and twitched his phalanges weakly.

Axe took them in his and smiled genuinely. Farmy grinned weakly. Sans leaned his head on Papyrus's shoulder.

Papyrus looked at Axe. "Would you like to give him a hug as well?". Axe nodded.

Papyrus gently stretched his hands and Axe took Sans in his embrace.

Axe wrapped his bones around him. Sans's cheekbone was on Axe's collarbone. Sans smiled.

"You did amazing, you are tough cookie, I love you!".

Sans grinned and Axe gently kissed his forehead.

Ophelia held an injection in her hands. She looked at Papyrus and Axe. They nodded.

Axe whispered "I love you my little kiwi". Sans grinned weakly.

Ophelia injected a sleeping medicine in his IV.

Sans was fighting sleep. Papyrus was holding his phalanges. They twitched a little.

"Sleep brother! I don't mind, you will make up for it later, when your health would be better". 

Sans smiled and his body relaxed in Axe's arms. His forehead gently fall on Axe's shoulder.

Papyrus gave him a gentle squeeze and laid him down.

Axe felt Sans's grip loosen.

"I want to use a really strong healing medicine; a few of the symptoms are discomfort, burning sensation, stinging pain etc.

But, combined with the sleeping medicine, it will spare him the pain. It will feel like he is laying in silk and flowers". (He suffered enough.)

Papyrus smiled "Thank you Ophelia!"

Ophelia smiled and injected the strong healing magic in the IV.

Agatha added a breathing mask over his teeth and nasal cavity. She set up the right dose.

Agatha also brought a heating blanket. He lost a lot of magic; as a result his bones were cold and couldn't form much warmth.

She brought it (blanket) up to his sternum.

Ophelia turned her attention to them.

"Papyrus, Axe, you go rest"

Papyrus and Axe were hesitant. "It's okay now, he will heal".

"Take some rest as well Ophelia". She smiled "I will! See you in the morning".

They smiled.

Axe took a hold of Papyrus and teleported in the apartment.

.

They took a shower and ate something.

As they were eating, they looked outside the window.

It was literally 3 o clock in the morning.

The darkness of the night like a veil over the town.

The moon was crescent 🌙. Some stars decorated the sky. Small white lights in an endless void. He watched the beautiful colors of milky-way splashed in the sky.

As he was watching the stars, he felt a kind of hope.

Even at night where there is darkness; there is the moon and stars that offer light and warmth.

Even in the darkest moments... Darkest hours.. There is light.

There is hope. You may not see it sometimes but, its there.

Papyrus and Axe looked at each other. Axe gently patted his shoulder. He gave him a hopeful smile and expression.

Papyrus hugged him. Axe hugged him back and gently patted his shoulder. "It's okay Pap, let's go to sleep yes?" Papyrus smiled and nodded.

They went to the bed.

As soon as their skulls touched the pillow, they fall asleep.

.

.

.

(Back to Ophelia)

Ophelia checked up on Sans one last time. Papyrus had left his scarf and Axe had left his shirt.

She gently wrapped the scarf around his neck and left the shirt close to him.

She added an ointment on his face where the scratches were. She touched his shoulder and sighed.

She went to rest as well for tomorrow.

...

Ophelia went home and took a much needed bath. She put her kawaii vegetables pyjamas and sat down at the table to eat some rice with carrots and vegetables.

She made herself some tea and sat down at her armchair.

A couple of tears ran down her blue and green eyes. It was a long day... She almost lost him..

She wept for some minutes, the tension of the day sinking in.

She remembered that he will make a good recovery. That thought brought a smile on her face.

She finished her tea. She got up, checked her house and went to her bedroom.

She laid down and closed her eyes.

Everything will be okay!

💙💚❤️🧡

END OF CHAPTER 7

Chapter 6 | Chapter 8

[chaosintheavenue]

Design Doc 3: Boulder

Chaos's obsession level: 3/3

I adore the Boulder Dome, so buckle up for a wild ride!

Bio med gel (the stuff inside these bad boys) was invented in the Boulder Dome.

'Those who refuse are put in cold sleep, using technology the original Dome scientists developed to aid space travel'- I've said it before but I'll say it again: Outer Worlds much?

This might be my British ass underestimating the size of the US, but it's always seemed utterly outrageous to me that it took Agnes and co a year to travel from California (let's assume Shady Sands or the Boneyard) to Boulder.

So, allegedly the Boulder scientists picked up on broadcasts from Denver, but ignored them because they were afraid of being attacked by 'diseased people'? My siblings in VB, YOU are the diseased people here.

Wagner from Denver makes a daring cameo appearance.

'Presper was able to talk everyone into a conference via video monitor' Zoom calls canon. I don't make the rules.

What does Presper consider Goddard responsible for? My best guesses would be a) The Plaguening of the scientists (which I believe was an accident and not Presper's intent) and/or b) The deaths of some of the scientists during the journey to the Dome.

There were mini quests planned that sound a whole lot like the 76 daily quest Ecological Balance.

We have our first mention of nutrient paste.

On how designers should express the overall feel and tone of their area to the audio team: 'Emote if necessary. Do interpretative dance. I don't fucking care'. This may or may not have been present in the last two documents, but it tickled me this morning.

Presper calling the Jackals 'humanitarians' is peak comedy to me.

The nutrient paste is the only food they have?!

Interesting difference between my lore and design doc lore. Officially, the interior of the Boulder Dome is very brightly lit, but in my version, all non-essential lighting is meticulously switched off to conserve power.

And now the design doc is mildly contradicting itself re: why the scientists wear environmental suits. It's definitely intended to be because they have the New Plague first and foremost, not because of the broken air filtration.

'Check for emergencies and task list'- I swear, these scientists are just playing real-life Among Us.

Who or what is Bedhead?

The original Think Tank appears. I find it equally adorable and hilarious that they want to 'taste' things like Nuka Cola and Mentats by having them dropped into their tank.

The doc is now claiming that the Prisoner was intended to be a vault dweller? Nah, no thanks.

Goddard's little Drama section is titled 'Angry Authority' lol.

The Daughter of Hecate living with the Jackals is literally called 'Crazy Bitch'.

I absolutely love how it's made abundantly clear that Goddard is irreversibly bald, just to make sure the Prisoner doesn't get any ideas of delegating the Jackals problem to him.

Goddard's terminal login is Sisyphus jhgfdfgh.

It's now been specifically pointed out twice that characters here don't smile much. Welp, can't say I blame 'em...

Saw a throwaway mention of Isaac Gant's armor and squealed. This is what I've been reduced to. God help us all when I get to doc 7...

The Robobrains subtly attempting to self-destruct despite their programming is sad.

There's bits of the Denver design document duplicated in here. Pretty sure the quest section was copied across as a template. If I had a penny for every time I've had to read about getting the brewery units working again...

I knew I didn't invent the name 'Nutripaste'!

Podunk, Colorado is back again in another copy-pasted segment.

Ending slides time. Most of these are fucking bleak. Poor Xian...

I find it intriguing that there was an ending slide for a ghoul victory.

[chaotic-neutral-knitter]

Me, yesterday: who the FUCK is using all the 500mL bottles in this fucking lab this is ridiculous

Me, today, finding five half-full 500mL bottles of gel filtration buffer made by me over the past six months in the fridge that houses the machine that only I use: ah.

[studychemistrytopics]

What is gel permeation chromatography?

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or gel filtration instrument based on the size exclusion principle uses for analysis samples by gels for more information about Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)

[colinwilson11]

Ophthalmic Drugs Contract Manufacturing: An Overview Of The Rapidly Evolving

Regulatory compliances play a pivotal role in ophthalmic drugs manufacturing due to stringent norms and quality standards set by regulatory bodies like US FDA, EMA, etc. Ophthalmic products manufacturing needs to adhere to Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP) to ensure product safety, efficacy, and quality. Ophthalmic drugs contract manufacturers invest heavily in approvals, certifications, and manufacturing facilities upgradation to meet evolving regulatory guidelines. They focus on establishing robust quality management systems, validation protocols, change control systems, and document controls. Regular product quality reviews and internal audits also help contract manufacturers deliver regulatory compliance.

Leading Technology And Specialized Equipment

Ophthalmic drugs require highly sophisticated and precise manufacturing technologies and equipment due to small volumes and concentrations. Contract manufacturers leverage leading technologies like microprocessing, microfluidics, micro-molding, and precision coating to produce a diverse range of ophthalmic products. They invest in specialized, high-end equipment like micronizing mills, soft-gel encapsulation systems, and laser-marking machines. Automation and digitization using IoT, AI, and analytics also help boost production efficiency and quality. The technologies and equipment enable contract manufacturers to cater to customized packaging and dosing requirements of ophthalmic drugs.

Specialized Facilities And Cleanrooms 

Ophthalmic products demand stringent environmental control and hygiene standards owing to small dosage forms and direct exposure to eyes. Contract manufacturers operate highly specialized facilities with ISO classified cleanrooms to minimize microbial and particulate contaminations. Features like laminar air flow, differential air pressures, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration help maintain critical environmental conditions. Periodic qualification and calibration of facilities and utility systems also ensure process validation. Designated areas for raw material receipts, products manufacturing, quality testing, packaging, and warehousing follow zoning principles. These specialized facilities enable contract manufacturers to ensure sterility, stability, and preserved efficacy of Ophthalmic Drugs Contract Manufacturing and storage.

Capabilities In Sterile Fill/Finish

A major portion of ophthalmic drugs require sterile fill/finish due to direct administration into eyes. Contract manufacturers have dedicated sterile suites equipped with barrier isolators, aseptic processing equipment, and self-contained environmental control systems. Technologies like lyophilization and terminal sterilization aid microbial decontamination. Stringent personnel training on garbing and cross-transfer procedures helps avoid contamination risks. Regular media fills and endotoxin challenge simulations validate sterilization process efficacy. Quality control testing through rapid microbiological methods, particulate testing and endotoxin assays ensure sterility assurance of aseptically filled ophthalmic products. These capabilities enable outsourcing of sterile fill/finish operations for preservative-free ophthalmic drugs.

Specialized Analytical Testing 

Ophthalmic drugs require meticulous analytical characterization and quality testing due to small amounts administered near eye region. Contract manufacturers invest in -leading analytical instruments like HPLC, GC, dissolution testing equipment, and particle size analyzers. Methods involve testing of identity, purity, content uniformity, particulate matters, pH, osmolarity, sterility, bacterial endotoxin, and preservative content. Stability indicating methods help real-time product monitoring on storage. Various ophthalmic dosage forms like ointments, gels, suspensions etc. also require formulations development and evaluation of rheological properties, spreadability and bioavailability. Contract testing laboratories employ highly trained analytical experts, validated methods and computerized data integrity systems. These specialized testing capabilities help ensure efficacy and safety of outsourced ophthalmic products.

Case Studies And Fill-Finish Agreement 

A leading UK-based ophthalmic drug firm outsourced development and fill-finish operations of its novel anti-inflammatory eye drop to a US-based contract manufacturer. Impressed by proven sterile fill/finish capabilities, quality systems, and regulatory compliance track record, six-month technology transfer was completed on schedule. Further, a 1-year commercial supply agreement was signed with production scale-up clauses. Another Ophthalmic Drugs Contract Manufacturing giant outsourced manufacturing of its portable multi-dose ophthalmic dispensers to a reputed Japanese contract manufacturer specializing in medical-device moulding. Leveraging expertise in micro-molding and precision assembly, the firm ensured precise dosing and improved patients' compliance. These cases illustrate effective collaborations aiding faster access of critical ophthalmic therapies. 

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Priya Pandey is a dynamic and passionate editor with over three years of expertise in content editing and proofreading. Holding a bachelor's degree in biotechnology, Priya has a knack for making the content engaging. Her diverse portfolio includes editing documents across different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. Priya's meticulous attention to detail and commitment to excellence make her an invaluable asset in the world of content creation and refinement. (LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-pandey-8417a8173/)

*Note: 1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research 2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

[inscinstech]

Understanding Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC)

Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) is a powerful technique that has revolutionized the way proteins are separated and purified in laboratories. It is widely used in biochemistry, molecular biology, and biotechnology to isolate specific proteins from complex mixtures. The ability to obtain highly purified proteins is crucial for research and development in areas such as drug discovery, structural biology, and enzyme studies.

How FPLC Chromatography Works?

The principle behind FPLC chromatography involves separating proteins based on their size, charge, or affinity for certain ligands. This is achieved through different types of columns, including ion exchange, gel filtration, and affinity columns, which can be customized depending on the protein of interest. The process typically begins by loading a protein mixture onto a column where different proteins interact with the stationary phase. A buffer solution is then used to elute the proteins in a stepwise or gradient manner, effectively separating them based on their specific characteristics.

One of the primary advantages of Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography is its automation, which increases reproducibility and minimizes manual errors. Modern FPLC systems come equipped with UV detectors to monitor protein elution, giving researchers the ability to track the process in real time. This feature helps ensure that the target protein is successfully isolated with minimal contamination from other molecules.

Applications of Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography:

FPLC chromatography is highly versatile and has applications in numerous scientific fields. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, it plays a crucial role in drug development by allowing the purification of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies. These proteins need to be in their purest form to ensure their effectiveness and safety as drugs. In academic research, FPLC is used to study protein structures, protein-protein interactions, and enzymatic functions, contributing to a deeper understanding of cellular processes.

Another notable application is in the production of vaccines, where FPLC is employed to purify protein antigens. The speed and precision of this technique make it indispensable in meeting the high standards of protein purity required for vaccine production.

Conclusion:

Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography has become an essential tool in modern biological research and pharmaceutical development. Its ability to efficiently separate proteins while maintaining their biological function sets it apart from other chromatographic techniques. As the need for purified proteins continues to grow, the role of FPLC chromatography will remain critical in scientific advancements. For more information about cutting-edge solutions and equipment for protein purification, visit inscinstech.com.cn.

[creativeera]

Drilling Chemicals: Ensuring Safety and Efficiency Latest Advancements in Oil & Gas Operations

Drilling fluids, also known as drilling muds, play a pivotal role in rotary drilling operations by performing important functions such as removing cuttings from the wellbore, cooling and lubricating the drill bit, maintaining well pressure control and protecting potential productive formations against damage. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water-based muds (WBM), oil-based muds (OBM) and synthetic-based muds (SBM). Each type of mud is engineered using a carefully selected blend of chemicals to attain the desired physical properties needed for effective well control and optimum drilling performance. Chemical Components of Drilling Chemicals Drilling Chemicals muds derive their essential characteristics from the variety of soluble and insoluble chemical additives that are incorporated. Weighting agents like barite are added to control and maintain downhole pressure. Dispersants such as lignite and lignosulfonates help suspend the drilled cuttings in the circulated mud. Viscosifiers including bentonite clay and polymers create sufficient viscosity and gel structure needed to lift cuttings to the surface. Surfactants are added to reduce mud-solid interactions and improve shale inhibition. Fluid loss control agents prevent the loss of mud into the formation pore spaces. Biocides eliminate bacteria growth that can degrade the mud. Other important additives are pH control agents, lubricants, defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Application of Drilling Chemicals The precise formulation of drilling muds depends greatly on the geological conditions expected in the well. For example, WBMs tend to be preferred for shallow water and inland areas where toxicity and environmental concerns are less stringent. They are cheaper and simpler to formulate but have lower performance compared to SBMs or OBMs. OBMs, apart from providing excellent lubricity, are suitable for drilling salt sections and highly-reactive shales. However, their use entails challenging environmental management and oil spill contingency planning. SBMs bridge the gap by offering enhanced shale inhibition and lubricity at lower costs relative to OBMs. They use synthetic solids and high performance additives to achieve properties on par with expensive OBMs. Shale Inhibition Challenges One of the major headaches faced while drilling is shale instability, which can easily lead to wellbore collapse, stuck pipe or lost circulation episodes. Maintaining wellbore integrity in shale formations requires drilling fluids formulated specially to arrest fluid invasion and suppress clay hydration/swelling. However, inhibiting reactive shales chemically without damaging drilling operations or formations remains an ongoing challenge. Mud chemists closely monitor filtration rates and rheology changes to ensure the protective filter cake deposited inside the wellbore does not penetrate deep into the formation. High performance shale inhibitors based on potassium/ammonium salts, lignite dispersants or resinous polymers have revolutionized shale drilling over the last decade. Solids Control is Critical An effective solids control system is indispensable for recycling drilling fluids after removing drilled cuttings. Cutting accumulation increases viscosity and density, reduces fluid properties and transportation abilities. Common solids control equipment in use include shakers, centrifuges, mud cleaners and dryers. Chemical conditioning aids like flocculants improve the effectiveness of these systems. Drilling fluid maintenance through monitoring, testing and chemical adjustments protects the drilled hole conditions as well as drilling fluid performance throughout the well. Proper disposal of mud and cuttings residues as per local environmental regulations is also essential.

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Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)

[cindybanksteam]

How Much Does a Pool Add to the Sale Price of a House?

Questions that are often asked of real estate agents by homeowners who have pools include how much can be added to the sale price and can the costs of installing a pool be recouped in a property sale.

The answers depend on several factors, which we will discuss here, but generally the answers are not what sellers want to hear. But they can be good news for buyers.

That’s because whilst homes can appreciate in value, pools do not. A pool is like a motor vehicle – once it has been used, its value starts depreciating, and a pool that is more than 10 years old would have almost no value at all in a real estate transaction. Of course, there are exceptions to that general rule. A well-constructed concrete pool using high-quality materials in a high-end property, and which has been well maintained throughout its life, is still going to have value after 10 years. Mr Pool Man, a leading supplier of high-quality pool pumps and filtration equipment, says the condition and quality of the pool fixtures and fittings that have been used also has a big impact on whether an older pool can hold its value. But the average quality pool in a suburban home is likely to depreciate at around the same rate as a motor vehicle – a large drop in value the first year, and then steadily decreasing until there is not much resale value left at the end of a decade. So the answer to the question as to whether the cost of installing a pool can be recouped in a property sale is almost certainly no. As to the question of how much can be added to the sale price to reflect the value of the pool depends on a range of other factors aside from age:

Type of pool

Only professionally constructed in-ground pools with a shotcrete, gunite or tiled finish are capable of holding much value beyond 10 years. Even then, the value is going to be largely dependent on its condition and the quality of fixtures and fittings. Any noticeable cracks in the surface of the pool - even without any evidence of leakage - is going to reduce its value. 

Many manufacturers of fiberglass pools claim their pools can hold their value as long as concrete pools. Technically that is true (at least for the first 10 years), but in practice most homeowners don’t keep the water quality at an optimum level throughout the year, and this often results in premature discoloring of the gel coat finish on the fiberglass. Any discoloring of the surface of the pool is going to result in the pool looking older than it might really be, thus having some impact on the amount that can be added to the selling price of the property. Pools that have a vinyl liner are the cheapest to install and this is reflected in the fact that they have the lowest resale value. Vinyl liners have to be replaced every five years or so, so unless the liner has been fairly recently replaced, it is unlikely that the value that a buyer would place on this type of pool would be anything close to its installation cost.

Buyer’s needs

After the age and the type of the pool, the factor that has the most influence on the extent to which the selling price of the property can be inflated to recoup some of the installation costs of the pool is whether the buyer is actively seeking to buy a property with a pool. This is where the issue of how much to add to the selling price becomes very subjective because whilst some buyers – families with children for example – may be actively seeking a house with a pool, others may be ambivalent about whether the property has a pool or not. In fact having a pool may even turn away some buyers who do not want a pool because whilst a pool may enhance the look of a house and garden, if the new homeowners have no intention of using it, they will need to still spend money on keeping it maintained to avoid it becoming unsightly with green algae.

Rule of Thumb

So with one of those factors being so subjective, how is it possible to estimate a figure to add to the sale price of the house to account for the value of the pool? A good rule of thumb is to work out what the cost of installing the pool represents as a percentage of the cost of building or buying the house. Generally, that figure is around 10-15 percent. Then take half that figure and apply that percentage to what would have been the sale price of the house. So, for example, if the cost of building the pool was 12 percent of the cost of building the house, then increase the selling price of the house by 6 percent. Of course, that price needs to be compared with the market price of similar properties that may have been sold in the same area, and for older houses with older pools, that figure may end up only being a starting point from which you will have to negotiate, but at least you will have a figure that represents the maximum likely return from a house and pool sale.