#Gas Exploration

[creativeera]

Drilling Chemicals: Ensuring Safety and Efficiency Latest Advancements in Oil & Gas Operations

Drilling fluids, also known as drilling muds, play a pivotal role in rotary drilling operations by performing important functions such as removing cuttings from the wellbore, cooling and lubricating the drill bit, maintaining well pressure control and protecting potential productive formations against damage. The most commonly used drilling fluids are water-based muds (WBM), oil-based muds (OBM) and synthetic-based muds (SBM). Each type of mud is engineered using a carefully selected blend of chemicals to attain the desired physical properties needed for effective well control and optimum drilling performance. Chemical Components of Drilling Chemicals Drilling Chemicals muds derive their essential characteristics from the variety of soluble and insoluble chemical additives that are incorporated. Weighting agents like barite are added to control and maintain downhole pressure. Dispersants such as lignite and lignosulfonates help suspend the drilled cuttings in the circulated mud. Viscosifiers including bentonite clay and polymers create sufficient viscosity and gel structure needed to lift cuttings to the surface. Surfactants are added to reduce mud-solid interactions and improve shale inhibition. Fluid loss control agents prevent the loss of mud into the formation pore spaces. Biocides eliminate bacteria growth that can degrade the mud. Other important additives are pH control agents, lubricants, defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Application of Drilling Chemicals The precise formulation of drilling muds depends greatly on the geological conditions expected in the well. For example, WBMs tend to be preferred for shallow water and inland areas where toxicity and environmental concerns are less stringent. They are cheaper and simpler to formulate but have lower performance compared to SBMs or OBMs. OBMs, apart from providing excellent lubricity, are suitable for drilling salt sections and highly-reactive shales. However, their use entails challenging environmental management and oil spill contingency planning. SBMs bridge the gap by offering enhanced shale inhibition and lubricity at lower costs relative to OBMs. They use synthetic solids and high performance additives to achieve properties on par with expensive OBMs. Shale Inhibition Challenges One of the major headaches faced while drilling is shale instability, which can easily lead to wellbore collapse, stuck pipe or lost circulation episodes. Maintaining wellbore integrity in shale formations requires drilling fluids formulated specially to arrest fluid invasion and suppress clay hydration/swelling. However, inhibiting reactive shales chemically without damaging drilling operations or formations remains an ongoing challenge. Mud chemists closely monitor filtration rates and rheology changes to ensure the protective filter cake deposited inside the wellbore does not penetrate deep into the formation. High performance shale inhibitors based on potassium/ammonium salts, lignite dispersants or resinous polymers have revolutionized shale drilling over the last decade. Solids Control is Critical An effective solids control system is indispensable for recycling drilling fluids after removing drilled cuttings. Cutting accumulation increases viscosity and density, reduces fluid properties and transportation abilities. Common solids control equipment in use include shakers, centrifuges, mud cleaners and dryers. Chemical conditioning aids like flocculants improve the effectiveness of these systems. Drilling fluid maintenance through monitoring, testing and chemical adjustments protects the drilled hole conditions as well as drilling fluid performance throughout the well. Proper disposal of mud and cuttings residues as per local environmental regulations is also essential.

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About Author:

Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)

[twptwp]

I started playing PSMD, here some drawings! Gô the chikorita and Pocoyo the oshawott!

[pangeen]

" The heart of the Milky Way, Messier 8 and SNR G007.5-01.7 "

// © Bray Falls

[animeaestheticsthings]

The baddie and the fashionista.❤️‍🔥😩🤌🏻

[myboyfriendisawesomeholyshit]

Date ideas:

Museum

Aquarium

Get dressed all formal and go on a late night walk to a gas station for snacks and eat them in a park

Lego building

Nature walk

Abandoned building exploration

Art gallery

[seiwas]

Hiya! I love your writing and I'm so glad to be seeing you on my dash bc I haven't in a while! For your writing revival game, can I suggest:

"Incandescent" and either Ushijima or Osamu?

hi cheesy! 🥹 this is so nice of you to say, thank you 🥹 i've been a bit on and off here and there over the past few months because work has just been so busy 🥺 but i'm glad to be back here too!! thank you for sending in a prompt 🥹

contains: established relationship, halloween outfits, miya dynamics

osamu + incandescent

there are a lot of reasons why atsumu loves you for his brother―you bring osamu food when he barely has time to eat in the shop, and you send picture updates in the group chat you have with the two of them and ma. you also give him your extra onigiri when osamu says he's had too much.

you're there for osamu in times when he can't be, and for that, he's grateful.

this time though, he thinks he might just be indebted to you.

"people're g'na ask ya to sit on me," osamu glances at your costume before staring at the mirror again. from the dining table across the room, atsumu is holding in his laugh, doing his best to keep the water in his mouth.

tonight is onigiri miya's annual halloween party, and you've managed to somehow convince osamu to dress as a burner―red incandescent light and all.

"so i will," you smile sweetly, adjusting the foam handle of your outfit. the theme for the party is: onigiri miya, and truly, what is more essential to the shop than an electric burner and its pan?

from the side of the room, you think atsumu nearly chokes.

"it'll be cute," you step towards him, reaching for the black switch along his hip, "plus, you even light up!"

in an instant, he glows red, the spiral pattern along his chest lighting up like an electric burner heating up. atsumu snorts, erupting into a fit of laughter as he slaps his knee.

"shit," he wipes a tear while holding up his phone camera, "can't wait f'ma to see this."

osamu looks at him from the mirror, deadpan, "yeah, show'er ya shitty dye job too."

because atsumu doesn’t look any better at all, dressed as none other than osamu for halloween―black long sleeves with an apron, a pair of gloves and osamu's actual work pants. the cap on top of his head rests on temporarily dyed jet black hair, but he's done it in such a haste that his blonde roots are still showing.

you laugh, never quite getting used to their antics despite being a witness to it for years. halloween with the twins is always a memory you look back on fondly, and you don't think this year will be any different at all.

[hellsgate-roadhouse]

[nenekkasa]

just two (totally normal, not at all mentally ill) girls having a relaxing bath together

[jackiebranc]

JUPITER – JunoCam / 2024-09-20 Mission Phase : PERIJOVE 65

See more: https://jackiebranc.site/jupiter-and-its-galilean-moons/

Credit : NASA / SwRI / MSSS / Jackie Branc © CC BY

[frenchkanna1808]

i love you people who draw scars around the cast necks. Love you people who draw the cast with the hair messy. Love you people who draw the cast with visible eye bags and tired sore eyes. Love you people who draw the cast exhausted sick and not fit for this. Love you people who draws the cast never forgetting the absolute horror that they had to live trough

[cheeseandballin]

WE are so BACK. happy valentines!

[shutterandsentence]

"At the end of the day, I'm a fan of great stories and great songs."

--Darius Rucker

Photo: Savannah, Georgia

[todayisafridaynight]

i sprained my wrist but duty calls

[animeaestheticsthings]

She is so fashionable.😮‍💨❤️‍🔥🤌🏻

[humdinky]

hey all! i just wanted to take a minute to stand on my little soap box and tell you about a manga i picked up last december. it has gotten much more attention since then, but i'd still like to throw my thoughts into the mix.

on the surface, the summer hikaru died explores a pretty common horror trope: what if a person you loved changed into something unrecognizable? do you reject them, or try to connect to the person that they have become? of course, this fear is twisted into something more threatening in a supernatural horror format. what if they literally died and came back as something else that could potentially harm you and your family?

we follow two teenage boys: yoshiki and his best friend (and one sided crush) hikaru, who goes missing in the mountains for a week and miraculously reappears unscathed. he looks the same as ever, but yoshiki can tell that what came back is no longer the hikaru that he once knew. now, yoshiki must come to grips with the fact that something sinister has taken over his friend’s body - and that it has a strong attachment to him.

that's the basic premise, but this manga is still ongoing and there are plenty of different directions it could take. if you haven't read it yet, it's worth experiencing firsthand. beyond the body horror are themes of grief and repressed homosexuality, as well as subtext to read into. i'm not going to be spoiling any explicit plot details, but i'd encourage you to stop reading this and go check it out if a bl manga with gorgeous art, toxic but engaging romance, and body horror sounds appealing to you.

the first thing you'll notice about this manga is that *chef's kiss* gorgeous art! it is uncanny, as you would expect, but it is drawn with so much care. the heavily detailed background art and visual horror create a rather oppressive atmosphere. the author also really excels at conveying character emotions through facial expressions, and there's a lot of very subtle bits of information that you can pick up from them.

being a body horror manga, this aspect is of course given extra care. when it gets supernatural, it takes on an oddly surreal quality. i'd even say that the transformations of hikaru take on an air of eroticism. that sounds out of place, but the author understands that the line between fear and attraction is thin. there is one scene in particular that would be very sexual if not for the absolute nightmare scenario unfolding before my eyes.

one of my favorite things about this manga is the confidence the author has in the reader. yoshiki having had feelings towards' the previous hikaru is never outright stated, it's just assumed that the reader will pick up on it. the village yoshiki lives in views homosexuality as some kind of curse, and the insecurity this creates in him is shown very subtly. the camera's gaze and the little things he says all convey this, like his apparent guilt over staring at hikaru shown through the shadow on his face. his fear of and attraction to hikaru's transformations also conveys this idea. he's also coping with grief in an unhealthy manner, and this is shown through the almost experimental way he's sometimes drawn. but yoshiki is not the only important character, and hikaru also has some depth. his character is harder to parse, but there's more to him lurking below the surface. he's more delicate than his outgoing demeanor would suggest. hell, it's understandable - being a literal monster means his position in yoshiki's life is extremely tenuous. our two main characters form a codependent relationship based on a fear of being alone, something very human and compelling in a messy sort of way.

something that i do not see being brought up quite as much is how tshd uses horror elements to discuss the fears around coming out and dealing with same-sex attraction. so much of hikaru’s internal struggle is such a wonderful metaphor. many of the moments between him and yoshiki serve as a dual narrative - the surface-level narrative but also this very delicate story about two boys from a rural village who realize they have feelings for one another. the whole story in fact is one giant metaphor for dealing with the anxiety losing who you thought you were and embracing concrete truths about sexuality and love.

overall it left me with some very strong first impressions. it is both an excellent horror manga and a nuanced exploration of loss and sexuality. i also find it very refreshing that their relationship isn’t built on any sort of deception or lies, and that yoshiki is aware that he’s an imposter, just not the extent of what exactly he is or what is happening in the town.