#autoimmune hepatitis

[pharmanucleus1]

Autoimmune Hepatitis Market: Transformative Treatments Await

Global Autoimmune Hepatitis Market, By Type (Type 1, Type 2), Treatment (Medications, Liver Transplant, Others), Diagnosis (Liver Biopsy, Blood Tests, Imaging Tests, Others), Route of Administration (Oral, Parenteral, Others), End-Users (Hospitals, Specialty Clinics, Homecare, Others), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy, Others) – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2030

Market Overview

In recent years, the autoimmune hepatitis market is anticipated to grow rapidly during the forecast period. According to the 2019 study "Burden of Liver Diseases in the World," liver illness causes roughly 2 million fatalities worldwide, with 1 million deaths due to cirrhosis complications and 1 million deaths due to viral hepatitis and hepatocellular cancer. Cirrhosis is the 11th most prevalent cause of mortality globally, while liver cancer is the 16th most common cause of death. They are responsible for 3.5 percent of all deaths worldwide.

According to Pharmanucleus, the autoimmune hepatitis market was valued at USD 156.76 million in 2021 and is predicted to reach USD 210.61 million by 2030, showing a CAGR of 3.70% from 2023 to 2030. The Pharmanucleus team curated the market study, which contains extensive expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, price analysis, and regulatory framework.

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Market Definition

Autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon but fatal liver disease. When the body mistakes healthy tissue and cells for infectious tissue and cells, antibodies are created to target the healthy liver cells. Autoimmune hepatitis can develop quickly or gradually. The condition's aetiology is unknown, however it may be related to other systemic disorders or medication exposure in some situations. Autoimmune Hepatitis Market Dynamics

Drivers

Increased incidence of autoimmune hepatitis

The rising prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis is a major contributor to the market's rapid expansion. Complications of such illnesses include swollen veins in the oesophagus, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, liver failure, and liver cancer.

Increasing healthcare infrastructure investment

Growing healthcare spending, which aids in infrastructure improvement, is another important aspect driving the autoimmune hepatitis market's growth rate.

The greater governmental and private-sector efforts to promote awareness of the would boost the autoimmune hepatitis market. Furthermore, people's changing lifestyles and high disposable income will drive the autoimmune hepatitis market upward. Furthermore, the expanding older population and an increase in medical tourism will accelerate the market's development pace.

Opportunities

Increase in the number of R&D activities      

Moreover, when R&D activity increases, so does the market. This will create new prospects for the autoimmune hepatitis industry to expand. Additionally, higher medication approvals and launches will drive market growth.

Furthermore, rising investments in the development of innovative technologies, as well as an increase in the number of emerging markets, will create further chances for the autoimmune hepatitis market to expand throughout the projected period..

Restraints/Challenges

On the other hand, the high cost of treatment will hamper the growth rate of the market. Lack of healthcare infrastructure in developing economies and low awareness of autoimmune hepatitis will pose major challenges to the market growth rate. Additionally, shortage of skilled professionals and missed diagnoses will further limit and hamper the growth rate of the market over the forecast period 2023-2030.

This report on the Autoimmune Hepatitis Market discusses recent new developments, trade regulations, import-export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimisation, share market analysis, the impact of national and localised market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, market changes regulations, strategic analysis of market growth, market size, category market growth, niches and dominance of applications, product approvals, and p Contact Pharmanucleus for an Analyst Brief for more information on the Autoimmune Hepatitis industry; our experts will assist you in making an informed market choice to achieve market growth.

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https://www.pharmanucleus.com/reports/autoimmune-hepatitis-market

Patient Epidemiology Analysis

Autoimmune hepatitis is an uncommon condition that affects four times as many women as males. Type 1 diabetes is the most common and affects most individuals. Type 2 diabetes is more frequent in young individuals and progresses faster. Every year, 1 to 2 new cases per 100,000 people are expected, for a total of around 24 cases per 100,000 people.

Furthermore, the Autoimmune Hepatitis Market offers in-depth market data for patient analysis, prognosis, and therapy. Prevalence, incidence, mortality, and adherence rates are among the statistical aspects evaluated in the study. Analyses of the direct or indirect influence of epidemiology on market growth are performed in order to develop a more robust cohort multivariate statistical model to forecast market growth during the boom era.

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Post COVID Impact

Since its emergence in December 2019, the COVID-19 virus has indeed had a profound impact on healthcare systems worldwide, which has affected various medical conditions, including autoimmune hepatitis. The declaration of the virus as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) prompted healthcare systems to prioritize COVID-19-related treatments and control measures. As a result, specialist healthcare services for other conditions, including autoimmune hepatitis, have faced delays and disruptions.

The financial crisis caused by the pandemic has further compounded the challenges in healthcare systems, leading to resource constraints and reduced access to medical services. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis have faced difficulties in seeing their healthcare providers for various reasons. Some individuals have struggled to access doctors due to overwhelmed healthcare facilities or limited availability of appointments. Fear of contracting the virus has also deterred patients from seeking in-person consultations. Moreover, pandemic-related restrictions, such as lockdowns and travel limitations, have hindered the continuity of essential therapies and procedures for autoimmune hepatitis patients.

These circumstances have the potential to negatively impact the autoimmune hepatitis market in recent months. Reduced access to care, delayed diagnoses, and interruptions in treatment may result in suboptimal disease management, increased disease progression, and worsened patient outcomes. Additionally, the economic consequences of the pandemic may limit patients' ability to afford necessary medications and therapies, affecting market demand.

However, as the global healthcare system adapts and recovers from the pandemic, efforts are being made to address these challenges. Telemedicine and remote healthcare services have gained prominence, allowing patients to connect with their healthcare providers virtually. Gradual easing of pandemic restrictions and resumption of regular healthcare services are expected to alleviate some of the barriers faced by autoimmune hepatitis patients, helping to stabilize the market over time.

Global Autoimmune Hepatitis Market Scope

The market for autoimmune hepatitis is classified by type, therapy, diagnosis, method of administration, end-users, and distribution channel. The growth in these segments will assist you in analysing the growth sectors in industries and providing users with a beneficial market overview and industry insights to assist them in making strategic decisions for finding key market applications.

[munaeem]

How to live with autoimmune hepatitis?

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver inflammation caused by an abnormal immune response. The immune system attacks the liver cells as if they were foreign substances, causing inflammation and liver damage.Learn more : Autoimmune hepatitis – symptoms, treatment, prognosis What are the types of autoimmune hepatitis? There are two main types of autoimmune hepatitis: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is…

[punishthemplease]

bloodwork came back looking waaaay better today :’)

[smokedbeans]

My goals for this year are like so simple and seemingly easy so it feels silly but know with still so many unknowns regarding my health,, I just wanna play it safe AHA

[sleepyfemme24]

my symptoms: ibs, joint pain, muscle pain, no period, dry skin, anxiety and depression

every disease ever apparently: oh hey that could be me!

[redicillin]

Hiiii, could you write smth about reader (part of House's team) and Chase teasing and throwing suggestive comments each other all the time until something actually happens?Thanksss

𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐧𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐬. (𝐫.𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞)

whilst your’s and chase’s relationship was… unconventional, you never crossed any true lines. until you did.

CW | 18+ MDNI. afab!reader, definitely not allowed workplace engagements, unprotected piv, porn with plot

fem!reader ☆ 4.3k ☆ masterlist.

The fluorescent lights hum softly overhead as you flip through the patient’s chart, skimming the details of yet another medical mystery.

A 37-year-old woman with an unexplained fever, muscle weakness, and—of course—negative test results for every common diagnosis. House’s kind of case. Your kind of case.

“Could be lupus,” Chase offers, leaning lazily against the back of his chair.

“It’s never lupus,” you counter automatically, not bothering to look up.

“One day, it will be,” he muses, smirking at you. “And when that happens, I’ll personally accept your apology… preferably over dinner,”

You roll your eyes, but the corner of your mouth betrays you with the hint of a smirk. “You assuming I’d take you to dinner if you were right is cute. Delusional, but cute,”

“Then I’ll settle for drinks. You can even pretend it’s a pity outing,”

House, who has been listening to your exchange with barely concealed amusement, finally interjects. “I’d tell you two to get a room, but I think you’d rather keep up this foreplay in front of an audience,”

Cameron coughs, Foreman scoffs, and Chase—completely unfazed—shrugs. “If we’re keeping score, I think I’m winning,”

You arch a brow at him, shifting in your seat. “Oh? And what exactly are you winning?”

“The game,” He leans in just slightly, voice dropping enough to sound almost conspiratorial. “You know… the one where you pretend you’re not enjoying this,”

Your pulse jumps for just a second before you scoff, shaking your head. “You wish,”

House claps his hands together, effectively cutting through the moment. “Much as I’d love to watch this unresolved sexual tension play out in real time, we have an actual patient. So unless this is leading to some kind of medically relevant insight, I’d suggest you both channel that energy into something useful,” He pauses, eyes flicking between you and Chase before smirking. “Or at least wait until after work to rip each other’s clothes off,”

Cameron looks deeply uncomfortable, Foreman mutters something about needing new colleagues, and Chase? Well, Chase just winks at you, smug as ever.

Game on.

—

The patient’s condition is getting worse, and House is nowhere to be found—probably off harassing Cuddy or playing mind games with Wilson. That leaves the rest of you huddled around the conference table, sorting through test results.

You tap a pen against your lips, eyes narrowed at the list in front of you. “Her liver enzymes are elevated, but no sign of hepatitis. Negative for Wilson’s disease, negative for autoimmune markers…”

“Could be a parasitic infection,” Cameron suggests, glancing up from her notes.

Chase leans back in his chair, tilting his head toward you. “Sounds messy. I hope you don’t mind getting your hands dirty,”

You shoot him a look. “That depends. Are you offering to be my assistant? Or just my parasite?”

Foreman groans, rubbing his temples. “Oh my God. Can you two just—?”

Cameron nudges his arm before he can finish. “Shh. I have twenty bucks on them cracking by the end of the week,”

You and Chase turn to her at the same time. “Excuse me?”

Cameron shrugs, feigning innocence. “It’s nothing personal. It’s just… kind of obvious,”

Foreman crosses his arms, smirking slightly. “I said a month, but now I’m reconsidering. You two can’t go five minutes without turning everything into an innuendo,”

“You’re imagining things,” you say smoothly, ignoring the way Chase’s knee just barely brushes against yours under the table.

“Yeah,” Chase adds, grinning. “I’d never use a serious medical discussion to flirt,”

You scoff. “Right. Because that would be wildly inappropriate,”

Cameron exchanges a knowing glance with Foreman. “Exactly,”

—

The hospital is quieter at night. The usual hum of activity dulls to an ambient murmur of overnight nurses and the occasional beeping monitor.

You’re in the diagnostics office, reviewing test results while Chase leans against House’s desk, absentmindedly tossing a stress ball in the air.

It’s just the two of you.

“This is the part where I should tell you to go home,” you say, not looking up from the file. “But I know you won’t listen,”

Chase catches the ball in one hand and smirks. “And miss out on the chance to keep you company? I’d never,”

You shake your head, biting back a smile. “What a gentleman,”

He pushes off the desk and moves closer, just enough for you to feel the shift in proximity. “I can be, when it suits me,”

The air is different tonight. He’s always been flirtatious, always toeing the line, but this time, there’s something heavier in the silence that lingers between words.

You glance up at him, and for a moment, neither of you speak. It would be easy to close the gap. To push just a little further.

But you don’t.

Instead, you exhale, shaking your head as you look back down at the file. “You should really get some sleep, Chase.”

He lingers for just a second longer before letting out a soft chuckle. “Yeah,” he murmurs, stepping back. “You too,”

As he leaves the office, you find yourself staring at the door for longer than you should.

—

It’s been one of those shifts where the exhaustion settles deep into your bones, where you feel like you’ve been going nonstop for days, even though it’s only been a few hours.

Chase, ever the one to escape stress with some humor, suggests grabbing drinks. The others quickly agree, but you and Chase end up walking out of the hospital together, the others trailing behind.

You’ve worked together long enough to know the difference between casual group outings and just the two of you.

When you get to the bar, the atmosphere is warm, filled with the sound of low conversations and the clink of glasses. You order your drinks, the chatter flowing easily at first. It’s comfortable—like it always is when you’re with Chase—but tonight, there’s something different. The usual teasing that’s exchanged over the complexities of medicine starts to feel like something else.

“Well, you know, if you were paying attention, I did say we should run the ANA panel last time,” you tease, stirring your drink. You catch him watching you, his expression almost smug, but you don’t break eye contact.

“Oh, I heard you,” he replies, his voice low, and it sends a shiver down your spine. “I just didn’t think you were right,”

You tilt your head with a scoff, narrowing your eyes. “But now you do?”

“Maybe I do, maybe I don’t,” he replies, taking a step closer. “But I think you like the challenge of proving me wrong,”

You lean back in your chair, trying to act unaffected, but your heart races. The space between you has closed in ways you hadn’t expected. “Not everything’s a challenge, Chase,”

He grins, his voice dropping a little further. “Sure about that? Because if you think I can’t keep up with you, I’m happy to prove you wrong,”

It’s playful. It’s always playful, right?

But tonight, there’s an edge to it. A tension that neither of you have addressed, but both of you are clearly aware of.

The way his eyes follow your movements. The way his smile lingers just a second too long on your lips. You feel the weight of his words like a challenge you don’t want to back down from.

It’s subtle, but it’s there—an almost imperceptible shift. You feel it when his hand brushes against yours on the bar. He doesn’t pull away immediately, and neither do you. For a heartbeat, everything around you fades, leaving only the space between the two of you.

It would be easy. So easy.

You could lean in, and he could kiss you, and you wouldn’t need to say a word. You could blame it on the alcohol, or the exhaustion, or just the chemistry that’s been crackling between you for weeks now.

But then, just as quickly as it started, you both pull back.

You laugh—maybe a little too loud, trying to cover up the moment that nearly shattered the wall you’ve both built around yourselves. “You’re an idiot,” you say, a little breathless, fingers tapping nervously on the edge of your glass.

Chase smirks, but there’s something softer in his expression now. “Yeah, well, it’s a good thing you like idiots.”

He leans back, turning his attention to his drink, and the playful banter resumes—but it’s different. There’s an edge to it now, an undercurrent of something else simmering beneath the surface.

Neither of you acknowledges it directly. Instead, you both talk about the case again, acting like nothing has changed. But you both know. Neither of you is fooled.

For the first time, the game isn’t just a game anymore. And it’s only a matter of time before one of you breaks.

—

The next day is a blur of frantic phone calls, lab reports, and running from one department to the next. The case has taken a turn for the worse, and the pressure is palpable.

Everyone is on edge, moving faster than usual, but the answers still aren’t coming. You and Chase work side by side, your minds racing with the mounting frustration.

The stress is starting to take its toll.

You’re reviewing the latest test results when Chase steps closer, his eyes scanning the board. “We’re missing something. There’s got to be a piece we’re overlooking,”

You feel his breath just a little too close, your heartbeat quickening. “Yeah, no kidding,” you mutter, running a hand through your hair. “If I knew what that piece was, I’d have figured it out by now,”

“Don’t snap at me,” he says, voice quiet but teasing. “I’m on your side here,”

You glance at him, frustration flashing in your eyes. “You think I don’t know that?”

The tension between you is thick, heavier than it’s been before, each word a spark in the charged air. The room feels too small, too close, the adrenaline turning everything you say and do into something else—something that doesn’t belong in a hospital.

Chase takes a step back, but the distance doesn’t help. He’s still close enough to make your skin feel tight, still close enough for you to hear the quiet beat of his pulse beneath the surface.

“Sorry,” You sigh, exasperatedly taking your hands through your hair. “I’m just stressed,”

There’s a pause, a breath held in the space between you. Then, without a word, he steps forward, his hand finding your arm.

“You need a break,” he says, his voice low and urgent.

You swallow hard, feeling your breath catch in your throat. “I don’t need a break. I need answers,”

But the words feel hollow even as you say them. You don’t need answers. Not right now.

Before you can think, before you can even process what’s happening, Chase pulls you gently but firmly down the hallway, into a small, empty supply closet.

It’s a tight fit—your back pressed against the cold wall, his body just a breath away. The air in the small room is thick with the same kind of tension that’s been building between you for weeks, but now, it’s palpable. You can feel it in your skin, in the way your breath comes faster than it should.

You give a small laugh. “This isn’t the break room,”

And then, just like that, the moment snaps.

Chase closes the space between you, his lips crashing into yours. It’s not the slow, teasing kiss you expected—it’s urgent, hungry, desperate. All the months of flirtation, the innuendos, the playful jabs, finally culminating in this.

His hands slide to your waist, pulling you flush against him, and you can’t help but respond, your fingers threading through his hair, pulling him closer.

The kiss deepens, and the world outside the closet fades away. There’s only the rush of adrenaline in your veins, the heat of his touch, the way your bodies move in sync, as though they’ve always known this was coming.

His hands slide down your back, pressing you even closer, and for a moment, you forget about the case, forget about everything but this. His lips trail down to your neck, and you let out a soft gasp, heart pounding in your chest.

“Are we really doing this right now?” you breathe, barely able to form the words as your breath hitches in your throat.

Chase pulls back just enough to meet your eyes, his expression intense, searching. “Do you want to?” he asks, voice low, a mixture of desire and uncertainty.

Your mind races, the heat of the moment clouding your thoughts. But you don’t hesitate.

“Yes,” you whisper, the word barely escaping your lips before you pull him back to you.

The kiss picks up again, but this time, it’s more than just passion. There’s an urgency to it—something unspoken that has been building for far too long.

His hands roam, slipping beneath your shirt, and you don’t stop him. Every touch feels electric, igniting something deep inside you. The adrenaline from the case, the rush of being so close, the need to feel something more than just the constant stress of the hospital… it all comes together in that moment.

You don’t think about the consequences. You don’t think about anything except the way he makes you feel.

But even in the haze of desire, the question lingers. What happens after? What happens when the game is over?

Right now, though, you don’t care. All that matters is the way his lips feel against your skin, the way his hands fit perfectly against you. It’s everything and nothing at once.

And for the first time, you don’t pull away.

Chase is driven insane by the smallest things. The way your fingers curled into his belt-loops to tug him closer. The feel of your nails, scraping over his scalp as your hand slides through his hair. The way you breathe his name as he dips his head, mouthing at the hollow of your throat.

Too much. He thinks, as one hand comes up to curl around your wrist, pinning your hand against the door of the closet. Too much but still not enough.

He’s lost the ability for rational thought. It’s been pushed aside for need, for desire. Your name’s a constant on his lips, a hushed whisper as he presses kisses onto your neck. Teeth skimming over your skin, tongue soothing the light sting.

He finally draws back to meet your gaze. His expression is dark, pupils blown wide and his cheeks flushed so pretty. “I want you.” He says it as an absolute truth. As if you don’t already know that by the way his knee is slotted between your thighs.

He watches you. The way your lips part on a breath, an almost involuntary sound falling from them as he draws his knee up. “God, look at you,” He murmurs, his voice low and gravelly, “So pretty already and I’ve barely even touched you,”

His hand slides up the inside of your thigh, his touch almost reverent. The tip of his nose grazes your ear as his fingers dip under the edge of your pants. “Want you. So, so goddamn badly.”

And in contrast to the sweet way he speaks to you, the way he’s touching you is downright dirty. It sets the pit of your stomach on fire as his hand dips lower, cupping you through your panties and giving a slow, testing drag of his palm.

It’s a low, breathy moan that escapes you, your eyes fluttering closed for just a moment and your head thumping lightly against the door. “God-“ he groans, “I’m not going to last.” He hooks a finger around the waistband of your pants and tugs them down just enough for him to get a better purchase on you.

He doesn’t even tease. His hand immediately slips under the soft, black cotton of your underwear, his fingers dipping into you in a fluid motion. “God you’re so hot—“ He asks, his breath hot against your ear. “All this for me?”

Your answer comes in the form of a stifled gasp, your hips moving of their own accord to meet his hand. “Chase.” It’s the only word you manage, and it’s half formed, coming out on a whimper. Like you’re pleading.

It’s that sound and your pleading tone that does him in. His breath shudders out of him in a low sound of want. “You’re killing me.” He mutters, his words punctuated by the sound of his belt unbuckling.

He’s impatient, and it’s evident in the way his hand pushes at the fabric of your underwear. There’s nothing romantic about it, no sweet murmurs of sweet nothings or gentle coaxing. It’s needy and desperate and it’s you and that’s all that matters.

He keeps one hand planted on the wood of the door, keeping you pinned in place. The other dips, and the feel of his fingers is immediately replaced by the head of his cock, already leaking as it stretches out your entrance.

A low curse is muttered, his forehead dropping to your shoulder.

He moves with purpose, his hips rolling forwards and pushing his length into you in a single steady motion. Chase gives a quiet grunt, his breath coming in shuddering gasps.

The whole thing feels like it’s happening so fast. Too fast. Neither of you are thinking clearly. But it’s you and it’s him and his face is still buried in the crook of your neck and his cock stretches you out so good that it leaves you whining.

His hand drops from the door, shifting to grip one of your thighs and hitch it over his hip. It gives him a different angle, one that he takes full advantage of.

He picks up the pace, and the hand that he’s gripping your thigh with gives it a firm squeeze. “I’ve thought about this.” He whispers, the words almost lost against your skin, “Can’t get you out of my head.”

He’s babbling now, his words low and punctuated by heavy breaths. And you’re so pretty like this, your eyes squeezed shut and your back arched against the door as he takes and takes and takes.

He can’t remember the last time he came so quickly. All it takes is a sound from you, a breathy sigh of his name and he’s done. He lets himself lose control, giving a loud curse as his hips stutter in their motion, desperately trying to pull out despite the instinct to bury his spend inside you.

Instead, it dribbles down the inside of your thighs, coating your skin and your underwear alike.

The moments after are filled with a tense, lingering quiet. Neither of you speaks immediately, neither of you moves to pull away. Your heart is still racing, your mind spinning with everything that just happened.

Chase stands there for a moment, his forehead resting gently against yours, both of you catching your breath. But neither of you says anything.

It’s like a flicker, an electric pulse, that connects you both, and then just as quickly as it began, it feels like a weight pressing down. The weight of what just happened, of the unspoken words, of the fact that everything has changed.

“Chase…” You break the silence, your voice a whisper, uncertain. You don’t even know what you’re trying to say, but the question sits heavy on the tip of your tongue. What now?

He steps back slowly, his hands resting at his sides. He doesn’t look at you directly, his jaw tight. “We shouldn’t… I shouldn’t have…”

But the words trail off, unsaid. He doesn’t finish the sentence, and neither do you.

A moment passes, and the world starts to feel like it’s slowly realigning around you both. The air no longer feels suffocating, but it’s thick with the weight of everything you didn’t say. Neither of you makes a move to break the silence. Finally, Chase gives a sharp exhale. “We should get back to work.”

You nod, a little too quickly, still lost in the aftershock. Your fingers graze your lips, still tingling from the kiss and everything after, but you don’t let yourself linger on it. There’s nothing to say.

Not yet.

—

The next day, you and Chase are back in the diagnostic office like nothing happened. Well, almost nothing. The air between you is a little too thick, a little too aware of the space you now share. Every word feels heavier, more loaded. And whenever your eyes meet, it’s like there’s something you both are trying not to acknowledge.

But neither of you says a word.

It’s House, of course, who does notice. He’s always observant, always sharp when it comes to his team’s dynamics. He watches the two of you from across the room with a knowing smirk, almost as if he’s been waiting for this.

“Is it just me,” House drawls, breaking the silence as he slides into the office, “or does it feel like someone’s been… busy?”

You freeze, and you can feel Chase tense next to you. You don’t want to look at him, not with House’s smirk aimed squarely at both of you. You can’t look at him.

“You two should get a room,” House continues, unbothered by the tension hanging in the air. “It’s honestly like a live soap opera around here,”

Cameron, overhearing from the other room, raises an eyebrow. “What’s going on now?”

“Nothing,” you mutter, barely able to keep your cool. “Nothing happened,”

But House just fakes a sigh, fishing out his wallet and holding out a twenty dollar bill in Cameron’s direction. “I guess I owe you twenty bucks,”

You can hear the amusement in his voice as he takes a seat at his desk, eyes gleaming with too much satisfaction. He’s not going to let this go. Not for a second.

“You guys slept together?” Cameron’s voice is a mix between amusement and mortification as she takes the cash, and you groan.

Chase clears his throat and straightens up, trying to salvage some sense of normalcy. “It’s nothing to write home about,”

“Oh but it is,” House says with an exaggerated smirk, leaning back in his chair. “Talk about a HR violation,”

—

The next few days pass in a blur of awkward silences, quick glances, and sidelong looks between you and Chase. Neither of you brings up the supply closet, not once. Instead, you focus on the case, on everything but what happened behind closed doors.

The chemistry between you both is still there, still undeniable, but now it’s wrapped in layers of unspoken words. It’s the elephant in the room you both avoid acknowledging.

And yet, as you work together—closer than ever before, eyes meeting more often than they should, the energy still humming between you—you both know something has shifted. You’re not sure what it is yet.

At one point, when House pushes you to continue working late on a particularly difficult diagnosis, you end up alone with Chase again. The tension between you both feels just as charged as it did that night in the supply closet, but now, it’s thicker. More complex.

Chase stands next to you, looking down at the patient’s chart, but you can feel his gaze flicking toward you, gauging your reaction. His voice is quieter this time, as though testing the waters. “So…”

“So,” you reply, keeping your voice steady, but there’s a nervous edge beneath it.

He sighs, clearly sensing the unease between you. “What do you think? Is this it then?”

You hesitate, the words sitting heavily in your chest. This is the question. What happens now? What happens when the game is over?

You take a deep breath, trying to ignore the flutter of uncertainty in your stomach. “I don’t think it’s just a game anymore, Chase,”

His eyes meet yours, and for a moment, the silence stretches between you both. He doesn’t say anything immediately, but there’s a flicker of something in his expression—a mix of hope, uncertainty, and that ever-present challenge.

And in that moment, you realise: neither of you has to have the answer right now.

“You’re right,” he says softly, his lips curling into a smile. “Maybe it’s not,”

And so, the game continues—only now, it’s not a game at all. It’s something else entirely, something neither of you is ready to define yet.

But that’s okay.

[justkidneying]

Why the Spleen Sucks

The spleen is a really shittily placed organ, making it prone to injury. This injury is usually severe and can lead to death if not properly managed. We're going to look at the function of the spleen, what happens when it is damaged, and how to write about.

Where is the spleen? It's in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, nestled right against the ribs (typically 9-11) at the midaxillary line. It's behind the stomach and is considered intraperitoneal. The main thing is that the spleen is very vulnerable. It is literally right up against the ribs without much protecting it. It's shaped like a little bean and is purple in humans. It is fed by the splenic artery, which comes off of the celiac trunk (which sticks off of the abdominal aorta).

What does the spleen do? Its main job is to filter out old and malformed red blood cells. It also holds immune cells. Certain diseases can cause the spleen to enlarge, including cirrhosis of the liver (it's connected to the hepatic portal system), sickle cell anemia (RBCs are stuck in it), and autoimmune disorders. The spleen also holds about 250 mL of RBCs in reserve in case you need them.

What happens when it is injured? The spleen can be ruptured and lacerated kinda easily. Blunt trauma to the ribs can cause it to rupture, and this is seen in contact sports and car accidents mostly. Because of those giant gaps between the ribs, it's also prone to injury from knife attacks. Gunshot wounds are another common cause, as well as broken ribs penetrating it (broken ribs are very sharp, like way sharper than you imagine). Rupture is more likely when someone has splenomegaly.

When the spleen is damaged, you're going to get a lot of intraperitoneal hemorrhaging. The spleen filters a lot of blood and has blood in it, so there's going to be a lot of blood in the abdomen (obviously). This will lead to distention, guarding (abs are tense), and hypovolemia. The left upper quadrant will be painful, and there can also be referred pain to the left shoulder (Kehr's sign).

If the patient has a small laceration, the symptoms aren't always as dramatic. Sometimes they'll just have low hemoglobin (which is on RBCs), maybe some thrombocytopenia (lots of platelets in the blood).

How do you fix this? If the injury is small and the patient is hemodynamically stable, they can usually be given a blood transfusion and the spleen can heal itself. Sometimes surgery is also performed to clamp a vessel or repair the outer layer of the spleen.

If the injury is major, then surgery will be performed. If the patient is less critical, they may go in and try to fix the problem. If it can't be fixed, they may do a splenectomy (remove the spleen). In a critical patient, they might forgo the nice pretty incision on the left side, and instead just split the patient down the middle. In these situations (in my experience), there isn't a lot of time to waste. One thing that we aren't going to waste time on is anesthesia, for example. This is with a lot of very critical surgeries, at least from what I have seen. Like the surgeon will start cutting as they are working on knocking out the patient, but usually they are in so much pain that they don't even register it.

If you remove the spleen, the patient is more at risk for infections, but with modern medicine and vaccinations, it's not as much of a big deal as it used to be. The patient will probably be fine.

Writing tips: (new section idea, hope you guys like it, lol) As with any injury, you have to make sure that you are giving them an acceptable mechanism of injury. With the spleen, this is either blunt trauma or penetration/laceration. Getting tackled, getting stabbed, getting shot, all great MOIs.

Second thing, present the appropriate signs and symptoms. A sign would be like bruising, hypotension, tachycardia, etc. A symptom would be LUQ pain, Kehr's sign, etc.

Next, figure out what you're going to do and where you're going to do it. In the field, there probably isn't much you can do. The most would probably be a laparotomy and clamping the splenic artery, but I mean, when I was an EMT, we were not doing this. There's a lot of stuff you can theoretically do, but never gets done. But I mean you can write it. If the patient makes it to the hospital, I think it would be more fun to do emergency surgery and just split them right down the middle. There's going to be a lot of blood in the greater omentum, very high stakes and exciting.

Anyways, hope you guys liked this, please let me know if I got anything wrong. I wrote this off of my personal experience and a few good textbooks, but there can always been mistakes in things.

[darkmaga-returns]

…here are twenty five more studies that further irrefutably prove vaccines are dangerous, useless, and are directly responsible for the autism epidemic:

A two-phase study evaluating the relationship between Thimerosal-containing vaccine administration and the risk for an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in the United States A positive association found between autism prevalence and childhood vaccination uptake across the U.S. population Commentary--Controversies surrounding mercury in vaccines: autism denial as impediment to universal immunisation Methodological issues and evidence of malfeasance in research purporting to show thimerosal in vaccines is safe Abnormal measles-mumps-rubella antibodies and CNS autoimmunity in children with autism Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002 Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism? What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature? A case series of children with apparent mercury toxic encephalopathies manifesting with clinical symptoms of regressive autistic disorders A comprehensive review of mercury provoked autism Thimerosal Exposure and the Role of Sulfation Chemistry and Thiol Availability in Autism B-Lymphocytes from a Population of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Siblings Exhibit Hypersensitivity to Thimerosal Theoretical aspects of autism: causes--a review Conjugate vaccines and autism Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning A prospective study of thimerosal-containing Rho(D)-immune globulin administration as a risk factor for autistic disorders Hypothesis: conjugate vaccines may predispose children to autism spectrum disorders The potential importance of steroids in the treatment of autistic spectrum disorders and other disorders involving mercury toxicity Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of autistic children Cultured lymphocytes from autistic children and non-autistic siblings up-regulate heat shock protein RNA in response to thimerosal challenge A possible central mechanism in autism spectrum disorders, part 1 The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism Transcriptomic analyses of neurotoxic effects in mouse brain after intermittent neonatal administration of thimerosal Causal relationship between vaccine induced immunity and autism Elevated levels of measles antibodies in children with autism Subtle DNA changes and the overuse of vaccines in autism What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature?

[justbeingnamaste]

Absolutely safe and effective! 

PFIZER JUST RELEASED IT’S LIST OF SIDE EFFECTS OF ITS "COVID-19 VACCINE"💉…….and the list of some side effects of the Pfizer-Biontech Covid-19 Vaccine. TAKE-HEED! 

Blood thrombosis.

Acute kidney injury,

Acute flaccid myelitis,

Positive antisperm antibodies,

Brainstem embolism,

Brainstem thrombosis,

Cardiac arrest (hundreds of cases),

Heart failure,

Cardiac ventricular thrombosis,

Cardiogenic shock,

Central nervous system vasculitis,

Neonatal death,

Deep vein thrombosis,

Brainstem encephalitis,

Hemorrhagic encephalitis,

Frontal lobe epilepsy,

Foaming at the mouth,

Epileptic psychosis,

Facial paralysis,

Fetal distress syndrome,

Gastrointestinal amyloidosis,

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure,

Hashimoto's encephalopathy,

Hepatic vascular thrombosis,

Herpes zoster reactivation,

Hepatitis  Immune-mediated, 

Interstitial lung disease, 

Jugular vein embolism, 

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 

Liver damage, 

Low birth weight, 

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, 

Myocarditis, 

Neonatal seizure, 

Pancreatitis, 

Pneumonia, 

Stillbirth, 

Tachycardia, 

Temporal lobe epilepsy, 

Testicular autoimmunity, 

Thrombotic stroke, 

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, 

Neonatal venous thrombosis, 

Vertebral artery thrombosis, 

Pericarditis, 

Sudden death.”

[1americanconservative]

@toobaffled

PFIZER JUST RELEASED IT’S LIST OF SIDE EFFECTS OF ITS "COVID-19 VACCINE"

…….and the list of some side effects of the Pfizer-Biontech Covid-19 Vaccine. TAKE-HEED!

Blood thrombosis. Acute kidney injury, Acute flaccid myelitis, Positive antisperm antibodies, Brainstem embolism, Brainstem thrombosis, Cardiac arrest (hundreds of cases), Heart failure, Cardiac ventricular thrombosis, Cardiogenic shock, Central nervous system vasculitis, Neonatal death, Deep vein thrombosis, Brainstem encephalitis, Hemorrhagic encephalitis, Frontal lobe epilepsy, Foaming at the mouth, Epileptic psychosis, Facial paralysis, Fetal distress syndrome, Gastrointestinal amyloidosis, Generalized tonic-clonic seizure, Hashimoto's encephalopathy, Hepatic vascular thrombosis, Herpes zoster reactivation, Hepatitis Immune-mediated, Interstitial lung disease, Jugular vein embolism, Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Liver damage, Low birth weight, Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, Myocarditis, Neonatal seizure, Pancreatitis, Pneumonia, Stillbirth, Tachycardia, Temporal lobe epilepsy, Testicular autoimmunity, Thrombotic stroke, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Neonatal venous thrombosis, Vertebral artery thrombosis, Pericarditis, Sudden death.” We just thought you’d like to know, because one thing people will never be able to say is, “I didn’t know”

WE TOLD YOU!

[exitwound]

The next litter of Lazaruses regards itself

Your jilted liver My broken antenna Our imaginary red mouths & their

imaginary white envelopes A celestial event displaying symptoms of Autoimmune hepatitis

When a meteor hits me in the face, it leaves a swollen mark

inoculating a hickey with a baby leech that grows big and strong

It’s here & it wants its breath back: Its Deviled eggs, diet coke, leavened bread. An angelic origin story is a pearl diver buried alive beneath the tsunami, spending her last momenrs watching the earth shake out all the pearls. When I see her it’s a romantic event. Who put grief before loss? Fess up, fellow faithful & sexually-aligned sisters. Who messed with my shit?! Who came into my house & ate the fruit & left? Touch is a fantastical

occurrence made of cop sirens & skid marks. I have one good lung & one made of rotten yeast that never finished rising, wheezing

through the cheesecloth towel the surgeon left inside me. The bankrupt hospital is an old knot on a pair of elastic waist-tie pants, too tight to relieve. The idea that I am sick is a kiss,

slippery, warm, wanting. You have to be so careful with catheters and comatose men. The next one of us could be in any of their beds.

[thechthonicherbalist]

Delicious Syrniki! 😋💕 (first solid food I was able to have since 2023)

Screw it. I made and had those a few weeks ago.

Sharing this picture and moment is a big deal & emotional for me, because it's the first solid food I've eaten in 19 months.

You may think that's impossible. Well, it's not. Let me tell you why:

🏥 I've been struggling with an autoimmune condition (MAS, among them severe, chronic inflammatory bowel disease) since years & couldn't digest anything anymore since August/September 2023 after it got worse due to massive adrenaline & cortisol overproduction in my body; hormones that are notorious for causing autoimmune diseases & making them flare/worsen significantly. 💊 ❄️ In fall/winter 2023 doctors informed me my condition has become so severe it's considered terminal & I started to require palliative care in the shape of parenteral feeding (= bypassing the digestive tract) via an intravenous port & nutrient/fat/glucose solutions being dripped into me to keep me alive a little longer & try to see if any treatment still works, after about 2 years of almost exclusively being able to have "space food" - high caloric drinks to sustain me - along with starting to receive high doses of tranquilizing pain killers & immune blockers, which were helpful, but have severe side effects. 🛌 ☢️ In March 2024 I was then diagnosed with stomach & duodenal cancer as a result to how severely the disease had escalated. 🤕

More of the story below the cut. Otherwise please just appreciate the delicious food. 🌈🥞✨

Bottom line is, I was very reluctant to share this, bc I'm very emotional about this. I cried while eating those, bc tasting something sweet, creamy, delicious & warm on my tongue has been something I couldn't experience in so long & there was a real risk for me to die without ever being able to taste something nice again. 🙈🥲 It was a bit too ambitious, so for now I'm back to broth and space food and the occasional spelt porridge. But here's to celebrating a huge win in my life! 💗🌼🌈

On with the story of how all this developed: By May 2024 I was being treated with 3x the regular amount of blockers to regulate these stress hormones, but it didn't do much, since the underlying reasons for them being as high were nothing I could resolve, however hard I tried. There were many additional health issues I went through and in parts am still going through in this time as well, that put me in critical condition, such as a bone inflammation caused by an infection merging with arthritis in my foot, resulting in a debridement surgery in September 2023, phlebitis as a result to wearing the intravenous parenteral port for so long in June 2024; having sinusitis for months, as a result from a lacrimal gland inflammation due to too much crying, inflammation in many organs connected to the digestive system (autoimmune pancreatitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis etc.) due to the intestinal and stomach inflammation and ulcers spreading and severe heart problems, due to a preexisting heart condition being worsened by the anesthesia during treatments, the physical weakness all this caused, as well as severe and ongoing stress that persisted daily due to a social situation over the course of 14 months. Eventually the underlying situation lessened a bit and I felt confident that my upcoming cancer surgeries & treatments would go well and finally bring the anticipated relieve I've waited for for so long with the necessary peace to prepare, go through all this and recover, before a final escalation happened, just days before the long-planned hospital stay for surgeries to cauterize the ulcers and remove cancerous growths in my digestive tract started on 16th September 2024. It continued to escalate in the background throughout this time.

But anyways, in early October 2024 I finally was able to start chemotherapy, away from all this. It works well so far, I'm doing better since, the hormonal overproduction has lessened somewhat & my mental health has stabilized somewhat. I'm still getting IVs, because my ability to digest is still inconsistent and there's been some throwbacks due to side effects of the chemo. And after over a year of no digestive function it was also questionable whether my system would be able to pick up work again at all or whether I'd simply kick the bucket and starve to death eventually. The IV nutrition was already a slow version of that, I lost more than half my weight since September '23, I barely have any muscles left and need to recover from all that and mental health damage... The bottom line is, 2024 and a large chunk of 2023 were really bad and thankfully 2025 looks significantly better. There's finally a treatment that works a bit and helps my health improve, although chemo mostly kills the diseased tissue and regrowing fresh one takes time, regeneration will never be flawlessly possible and there will be a lot of permanently impairments and scarred tissue inside of me. And the places I'm in and people I surrounded myself with are respectful of this and I feel at peace, loved and confident once more.

🌈🌼✨ But after all the hardships, I have a positive thing to share today 🌈🌼✨

I had these delicious thingies up there a few weeks ago, sharing them with a kind neighbour who supported me with when I needed help bc of mobility issues and other problems throughout this time. I actually made a post mentioning it but was so was reluctant to share and celebrate this milestone, because I'm very emotional about this whole journey, but it is such a huge win for me!!!!! 😭 I already said it above, but I actually cried while eating this, just because tasting something sweet and creamy and delicious and warm on my tongue and in my tummy that is so much in pain the entire time, is such a comforting sensation and has been a pleasure denied to me for so so many months and also because there was a serious risk for me to die while all these horrible things were happening and for months I didn't think that I'd ever live to taste something nice again. 💔 I'm still here every day, feeling like "oh gods, I'm still alive, I can't believe I'm still alive and get to experience goodness". 😖😭🫂 I went a bit too ambitious with trying these and still got symptoms again and had to go back to space food, broth and some low acidic fruit. Taking it slow rn. But you know. It's a progress. Healing is messy and not gradual. There is no such thing as perfection in human beings. Decency and trying, sometimes failing, but always staying in motion is quite enough. 🌼🌌

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

By Gavin Giovannoni

Long COVID is defined as a clinical syndrome of persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 that last longer than 12 weeks. The symptoms associated with long COVID are numerous and include (see NHS website for more information on long COVID):

extreme tiredness (fatigue)

feeling short of breath

problems with your memory and concentration ("brain fog")

heart palpitations

dizziness

joint pain and muscle aches

loss of smell

chest pain or tightness

difficulty sleeping (insomnia)

pins and needles

depression and anxiety

tinnitus, earaches

feeling sick, diarrhoea, stomach aches, loss of appetite

cough, headaches, sore throat, changes to sense of smell or taste

rashes

Many of these symptoms overlap with multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and post-viral fatigue syndromes, which are common to numerous viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While the exact mechanisms driving long COVID are still unclear, several sources suggest that EBV reactivation could contribute. This is when I became very interested. Could long COVID be the gateway to developing effective antiviral treatments for EBV and MS?

Like long COVID, EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) is also a post-acute infection syndrome. It features similar symptoms, including fatigue and muscle pain (myalgia), low mood, cog-fog, insomnia and other mental health problems (depression and anxiety). EBV typically enters a latent phase after the initial infection, be it symptomatic (IM) or asymptomatic, but can reactivate under certain conditions, including acute infections, severe illnesses, or immunosuppression. Several studies have shown evidence of EBV reactivation in COVID-19 patients, which includes:

The presence of detectable EBV viraemia during the acute phase of COVID-19 is predictive of persistent symptoms.

An association between increased seroreactivity to EBV early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) and the development of long COVID.

It is important to stress that the link between EBV and long COVID is currently an association and not necessarily causal. To prove causation, more research will be done, including trials targeting EBV with antivirals as a potential treatment for long COVID. It is important to note that EBV reactivation can occur in various immune dysregulation contexts, not just long COVID, which some would argue that these findings are non-specific. Intermittent reactivation occurs in MS, and it is this intermittent cycling between latent and lytic infection that may be driving MS disease activity.

As a young general medical registrar or trainee, I was always struck by how tired and ill people were with chronic or persistent infections, be it tuberculosis, hepatitis or HIV in the pre-antiretroviral era. I later learnt about sickness behaviour, a complex behavioural syndrome in response to inflammation, be it from infection or another inflammatory stimulus such as that which occurs with autoimmune diseases. What long COVID is, and probably MS, is a form of sickness behaviour, which is why the symptoms of these two diseases overlap so much. If intermittent EBV reactivation drives long COVID and MS, it should respond to EBV antiviral strategies. I am aware that many pwMS have started taking antivirals off-label to manage their MS. It is remarkable how many pwMS have contacted me to tell me how well they are doing on antivirals. This is reassuring and supports our efforts to develop antiviral therapies for MS. Are you taking antivirals? Which ones? Have any of you noted any response?

Please note that I can not sanction the use of off-label antiviral medications to treat MS. Antivirals need to be tested in well-designed, randomised controlled trials. Without class 1 evidence, we will not be able to get antivirals licensed to treat MS, nor will payers pay for these treatments. Prescribing medications off-label comes with many risks to pwMS, the prescriber and the healthcare system the prescriber works in.

For more information on sickness behaviour, I would recommend an earlier MS-Selfie newsletter on this subject: ‘ Do you suffer from cog-fog, fatigue or sickness behaviour?’ (19-Oct-2021).

The review article that triggered me to write this newsletter below discusses the current understanding of long COVID and the persistent symptoms experienced by some individuals following a SARS-CoV-2 infection. You may find this article of interest; it is accessible to download. The authors discuss the various challenges in defining and researching long COVID, including its wide range of symptoms, variability in symptom severity, and potential mechanisms. The review explores multiple possible causes, such as persistent viral reservoirs, dysregulated immune responses, direct viral damage, and vascular endothelium activation. The article also examines the progress of animal models and clinical trials aimed at understanding and treating long COVID, highlighting the need for more extensive human studies to confirm the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches.

Paper Antar & Cox. Translating insights into therapies for Long Covid. Sci Transl Med. 2024 Nov 13;16(773):eado2106. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.ado2106?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Long Covid is defined by a wide range of symptoms that persist after the acute phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Commonly reported symptoms include fatigue, weakness, postexertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction, with many other symptoms reported. Symptom range, duration, and severity are highly variable and partially overlap with symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and other post-acute infectious syndromes, highlighting opportunities to define shared mechanisms of pathogenesis. Potential mechanisms of Long Covid are diverse, including persistence of viral reservoirs, dysregulated immune responses, direct viral damage of tissues targeted by SARS-CoV-2, inflammation driven by reactivation of latent viral infections, vascular endothelium activation or dysfunction, and subsequent thromboinflammation, autoimmunity, metabolic derangements, microglial activation, and microbiota dysbiosis. The heterogeneity of symptoms and baseline characteristics of people with Long Covid, as well as the varying states of immunity and therapies given at the time of acute infection, have made etiologies of Long Covid difficult to determine. Here, we examine progress on preclinical models for Long Covid and review progress being made in clinical trials, highlighting the need for large human studies and further development of models to better understand Long Covid. Such studies will inform clinical trials that will define treatments to benefit those living with this condition.

[does-truth-matter]

The CDC has quietly changed who should AVOID the MMR vaccine.

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html

They now state that ANYONE that “Has a parent, brother or sister with a history of immune system problems” should AVOID THE MMR VACCINE!

What exactly is an 'immune system problem?" Every autoimmune disorder.

* Achalasia

* Addison’s disease

* Adult Still's disease

* Agammaglobulinemia

* Alopecia areata

* Amyloidosis

* Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs)

* Ankylosing spondylitis

* Anti-GBM/Anti-TBM nephritis

* Antiphospholipid syndrome

* Autoimmune angioedema

* Autoimmune dysautonomia

* Autoimmune encephalomyelitis

* Autoimmune hepatitis

* Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED)

* Autoimmune myocarditis

* Autoimmune oophoritis

* Autoimmune orchitis

* Autoimmune pancreatitis

* Autoimmune retinopathy

* Autoimmune urticaria

* Axonal & neuronal neuropathy (AMAN)

* Baló disease

* Behcet’s disease

* Benign mucosal pemphigoid

* Bullous pemphigoid

* Castleman disease (CD)

* Celiac disease

* Chagas disease

* Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)

* Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO)

* Churg-Strauss Syndrome (CSS) or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis (EGPA)

* Cicatricial pemphigoid

* Cogan’s syndrome

* Cold agglutinin disease

* Congenital heart block

* Coxsackie myocarditis

* CREST syndrome

* Crohn’s disease

* Dermatitis herpetiformis

* Dermatomyositis

* Devic’s disease (neuromyelitis optica)

* Discoid lupus

* Dressler’s syndrome

* Endometriosis

* Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)

* Eosinophilic fasciitis

* Erythema nodosum

* Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

* Evans syndrome

* Fibromyalgia

* Fibrosing alveolitis

* Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)

* Giant cell myocarditis

* Glomerulonephritis

* Goodpasture’s syndrome

* Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

* Graves’ disease

* Guillain-Barre syndrome

* Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

* Hemolytic anemia

* Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)

* Herpes gestationis or pemphigoid gestationis (PG)

* Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) (Acne Inversa)

* Hypogammalglobulinemia

* IgA Nephropathy

* IgG4-related sclerosing disease

* Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

* Inclusion body myositis (IBM)

* Interstitial cystitis (IC)

* Juvenile arthritis

* Juvenile diabetes (Type 1 diabetes)

* Juvenile myositis (JM)

* Kawasaki disease

* Lambert-Eaton syndrome

* Leukocytoclastic vasculitis

* Lichen planus

* Lichen sclerosus

* Ligneous conjunctivitis

* Linear IgA disease (LAD)

* Lupus

* Lyme disease chronic

* Meniere’s disease

* Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)

* Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)

* Mooren’s ulcer

* Mucha-Habermann disease

* Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN) or MMNCB

* Multiple sclerosis

* Myasthenia gravis

* Myositis

* Narcolepsy

* Neonatal Lupus

* Neuromyelitis optica

* Neutropenia

* Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid

* Optic neuritis

* Palindromic rheumatism (PR)

* PANDAS

* Parkinson's disease

* Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD)

* Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

* Parry Romberg syndrome

* Pars planitis (peripheral uveitis)

* Parsonage-Turner syndrome

* Pemphigus

* Peripheral neuropathy

* Perivenous encephalomyelitis

* Pernicious anemia (PA)

* POEMS syndrome

* Polyarteritis nodosa

* Polyglandular syndromes type I, II, III

* Polymyalgia rheumatica

* Polymyositis

* Postmyocardial infarction syndrome

* Postpericardiotomy syndrome

* Primary biliary cirrhosis

* Primary sclerosing cholangitis

* Progesterone dermatitis

* Psoriasis

* Psoriatic arthritis

* Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)

* Pyoderma gangrenosum

* Raynaud’s phenomenon

* Reactive Arthritis

* Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

* Relapsing polychondritis

* Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

* Retroperitoneal fibrosis

* Rheumatic fever

* Rheumatoid arthritis

* Sarcoidosis

* Schmidt syndrome

* Scleritis

* Scleroderma

* Sjögren’s syndrome

* Sperm & testicular autoimmunity

* Stiff person syndrome (SPS)

* Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

* Susac’s syndrome

* Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO)

* Takayasu’s arteritis

* Temporal arteritis/Giant cell arteritis

* Thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

* Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS)

* Transverse myelitis

* Type 1 diabetes

* Ulcerative colitis (UC)

* Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)

* Uveitis

* Vasculitis

* Vitiligo

* Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

Wonder how many doctors are paying attention?

~shared from Jodi Wilson

[maaarine]

The Cause of Depression Is Probably Not What You Think (Joanna Thompson, Quanta Magazine, Jan 26 2023)

"A literature review that appeared in Molecular Psychiatry in July was the latest and perhaps loudest death knell for the serotonin hypothesis, at least in its simplest form.

An international team of scientists led by Joanna Moncrieff of University College London screened 361 papers from six areas of research and carefully evaluated 17 of them.

They found no convincing evidence that lower levels of serotonin caused or were even associated with depression.

People with depression didn’t reliably seem to have less serotonin activity than people without the disorder.

Experiments in which researchers artificially lowered the serotonin levels of volunteers didn’t consistently cause depression. (…)

Although serotonin levels don’t seem to be the primary driver of depression, SSRIs show a modest improvement over placebos in clinical trials.

But the mechanism behind that improvement remains elusive.

“Just because aspirin relieves a headache, [it] doesn’t mean that aspirin deficits in the body are causing headaches,” said John Krystal, a neuropharmacologist and chair of the psychiatry department at Yale University.

“Fully understanding how SSRIs produce clinical change is still a work in progress.”

Speculation about the source of that benefit has spawned alternative theories about the origins of depression. (…)

Repple warns, however, that another explanation for the effects his team observed is also possible: Perhaps the depressed patients’ brain connections were impaired by inflammation.

Chronic inflammation impedes the body’s ability to heal, and in neural tissue it can gradually degrade synaptic connections.

The loss of such connections is thought to contribute to mood disorders.

Good evidence supports this theory.

When psychiatrists have evaluated populations of patients who have chronic inflammatory diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, they’ve found that “all of them have higher-than-average rates of depression,” said Charles Nemeroff, a neuropsychiatrist at the University of Texas, Austin.

Of course, knowing that they have an incurable, degenerative condition may contribute to a patient’s depressed feelings, but the researchers suspect that the inflammation itself is also a factor.

Medical researchers have found that inducing inflammation in certain patients can trigger depression.

Interferon alpha, which is sometimes used to treat chronic hepatitis C and other conditions, causes a major inflammatory response throughout the body by flooding the immune system with proteins known as cytokines — molecules that facilitate reactions ranging from mild swelling to septic shock.

The sudden influx of inflammatory cytokines leads to appetite loss, fatigue and a slowdown in mental and physical activity — all symptoms of major depression.

Patients taking interferon often report feeling suddenly, sometimes severely, depressed.

If overlooked chronic inflammation is causing many people’s depression, researchers still need to determine the source of that inflammation.

Autoimmune disorders, bacterial infections, high stress and certain viruses, including the virus that causes Covid-19, can all induce persistent inflammatory responses.

Viral inflammation can extend directly to tissues in the brain. Devising an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for depression may depend on knowing which of these causes is at work.

It’s also unclear whether simply treating inflammation could be enough to alleviate depression.

Clinicians are still trying to parse whether depression causes inflammation or inflammation leads to depression. “It’s a sort of chicken-and-egg phenomenon,” Nemeroff said.

Increasingly, some scientists are pushing to reframe “depression” as an umbrella term for a suite of related conditions, much as oncologists now think of “cancer” as referring to a legion of distinct but similar malignancies.

"And just as each cancer needs to be prevented or treated in ways relevant to its origin, treatments for depression may need to be tailored to the individual."