#Sultan Ahmed I

[john-ts-sh-ai]

♫ ♫ ♫

[reallifesultanas]

Lets talk about Ümmügülsüm Sultan

There is a chance, that Kösem and Ahmed had another daughter together: Ümmügülsüm.

I am so glad, that with Anonymous sender and Ottomanladies, the truth came to light. Ottomanladies answered very long and very detailed about Ümmügülsüm, she shared her thoughts about the topic, now, here, you can find a conclusion from me:

What we know:

A privy purse register from 1622 gives the names of five unmarried princesses, who may be daughters of Ahmed, Osman II, and even Mehmed III: Umm-i Külsum(=Ümmügülsüm), Hanzade, Halime, Fatma, and Akile. Hanzade and Fatma were Kösem's daughters; Akile is possibly mistaken for Atike or Abide; Halime might be Mehmed III's daughter, named after her mother, Halime. But Ümmügülsüm was less clear.

The relazione of Angelo Alessandri from 1637 says that Murad IV had four FULL-sisters. We know three of them: Ayse, Fatma, and Hanzade. But who could be the fourth? Gevherhan was already dead, Atike was well-knownly not a full-sister and also not Abide. Maybe Ümmügülsüm?

There are some decisions and letters of Murad IV, where he mentions Ümmügülsüm as a sister of his. He uses the same wording that he used for Ayse, who undoubtedly was his full-sister, suggesting Ümmügülsüm was also a full-sister of his.

The 1638/39 harem registers mention one Ümmügülsüm Sultan who received the highest payments besides the three already known daughters of Kösem (Ayse, Fatma, Hanzade) and two daughters of Murad III. This means she could be either the daughter of Murad III or Ahmed I. But since Ahmed I's other daughter, Atike - who was not Kösem's - got a lesser stipend, if Ümmügülsüm is Ahmed I's daughter, she had to be Kösem's daughter too and so she is the fourth full-sister of Sultan Murad IV.

In 1648 the Raguzan envoy also mentions her (possibly her as they use the name Iumi), as the wife of Ahmed Pasha, governor of Herzegovina. They probably married ~1642 until the pasha's death in 1648. This was her second marriage, her first husband was one Halil Pasha, with whom she married before 1638.

In book ''Whisper of the cities'' one Ümmühan Sultan is mentioned as she met with the English ambassador's wife. Based on her, Ümmühan was said to be the aunt of deposed Mehmed IV and sister of Ibrahim I. This happened in 1690, so she still was alive then.

There are still questions:

Why no historian ever discovered this information as none of the evidence is new?

Why Ümmi is not mentioned among Ahmed I's children?

Where is she buried? *

When was she born? *

Why Ibrahim did not force her to serve Telli Hümasah (his wife) when he did it to all of the other daughters of Kösem?

To be honest the burial place of Ahmed I is quite a mess. For example there are two sarcofagies for 'Zeynep' daughters of Ahmed I. One of the sarcofagies stands for an adult woman. There was no daughter of Ahmed, called Zeynep who reached adulthood. So maybe the name is mistaken and that Ümmügülsüm. Maybe she was buried somewhere else as she lived a quite long life, survivin everyone around her and her grave is not idetified yet.

Considering the known children of Kösem and their birth date, the most possible for Ümmügülsüm is that she was born during the late reign of Ahmed I. In 1605 Kösem gave birth to Mehmed; in 1606 or 1607 to Ayse; then in 1607 or 1608 to Fatma; in 1609 to Hanzade. While I see that there is a gap here for one more child (if Kösem got pregnant extremely rapidly), she cannot be older than Fatma, as she was also not married off in 1622 yet, and also since we know quite precisely the sequence of these daughters, I do not think another one was born here but no one knows about her. It would be strange. Then in 1612, she gave birth to Murad, but between him and Hanzade there was time for another child - let it be Selim who was born in 1611 or Ümmügülsüm. Then Kasim followed Murad quite quickly, he was born in 1614, and then Ibrahim came in 1615, so there was no time for anyone else between Murad and Ibrahim. After 1615 there is another chance for the birth of Ümmügülsüm. So she either was born after Hanzade (~1611), or after Ibrahim (~1616). Either way - considering she was not just still alive in 1690, but was surely not suffering, dying since she was involved in the diplomacy meeting - she possibly died in the 1690s, she very probably reached 80 maybe even more in the end.

[ottomanladies]

Hello,

thank you for your reply regarding Hanzade Sultan, it was clear that she had at least one son, and it seems that Kösem's daughters had sons from several different husbands.

I would like to know your opinion about what I have researched about Atike Sultan, it seems to me that there is only one Atike and she is the daughter of Ahmed I,

I do not think that Ibrahim had a daughter named Atike, and perhaps the alleged princess of Ibrahim who is said to have had husbands may have been one of his daughters, either Princess Gevherhan or Beyhan.

To be honest, I don't know the order of her marriages, but it seems that Kenan Pasha was her husband until his death in 1652.

Atike sultan was alive in 1658 because of her support for Mihnea:

| Mihnea entered Ken’an Pasha’s kapı at a young age, serving as a page and obtaining education in letters and religious sciences befitting a member of the Ottoman elite. His membership in the household spanned decades and continued after Ken’an Pasha’s death in 1652. Moreover, through the grandee’s wife, Atike Sultan, the pretender managed to establish a bond with valide sultan Hatice Turhan.44 The robust patronage network allowed Mihnea to make a successful bid for the throne in 1658, which was not only supported politically but also bankrolled by Atike Sultan, who contributed 140,000 akçe for this purpose[...] That the Ottoman princess was ready to pay for her client’s bid suggests that she saw it as an investment, although one that ultimately did not pay off: the following year, Mihnea III rebelled against the Porte and was replaced on the throne with a protégé of Köprülü Mehmed Pasha. - Michał Wasiucionek (The Ottomans and Eastern Europe)

But then, Atike appears as deceased in an Istanbul court document dated 1663-1664, describing her as the wife of the deceased Kenan Pasha:

| Mahmiye-i İstanbul’da merhûm Kenan Paşa ve zevcesi merhûme Âtike Sultan evkāfına meşrûtiyyet üzre bi’l-fi‘l mütevellî olan iftihârü’l-emâcid ve’l-ekârim câmi‘ü’l-mehâmid ve’l-mekârim Bayezid Bey tarafından husûs-ı âtîye vekîl olup vekâleti bimâ hüve nehci’s-sübût şer‘an sâbite olan umdetü’l-müderrisîni’lkirâm zübdetü’l-muhakkikīni’l-fihâm Ahmed Efendi b. Ali mahfil-i kazâda Mehmed Bey b. Abdi mahzarında üzerine takrîr-i da‘vâ edip evkāf-ı mezbûre mukāta‘atından olup vilâyet-i Rumeli’de eyâlet-i Silistre’de kasaba-i Tatarpınarı mukāta‘asını bin yetmiş iki senesi Martı ibtidâsından bir sene tamânına değin evkāf-ı mezbûreye sâbıkan mütevellîler olan Abdullah Bey ve Hüseyin Bey nâm sagīrlerin kāimmakāmları Ebûbekir Efendi ve Hızır Ağa mezbûr Mehmed Bey’e iki yüz bin akçeye der-uhde edip ol dahi vech-i muharrer üzre iltizâm ve kabûl ve bir sene tamâmen zabt ve mikdâr-ı mezkûr mahsûlünü dahi kabz eyledikden sonra kıst-ı iltizâmından yüz bin akçesini vakf için ahz u kabz eylediklerinden sonra kırk beş bin akçesini dahi işbu hâzır bi’l-meclis mezkûr Hızır Ağa’ya teslîm edip mezbûr Hızır Ağa dahi ba‘de’l-kabz sagīreyn-i mezbûreynin vâlideleri ve vasiyyeleri umdetü’l-muhadderât zübdetü’l-muvakkarât tâcü’lmestûrât Eğlence Hâtun’a tamâmen teslîm edip hâlâ üzerimde bâkī kalan elli beş bin akçesini dahi vakıf için mezkûr Mehmed Bey’den bi’l-vekâle taleb ederin, suâl olunsun dedikde gıbbe’s-suâl mezbûr Mehmed Bey cevâbında fi’l-vâki‘ kaziyye minvâl-i muharrer üzre olup lâkin evkāf-ı mezbûre kâtibi olan mezbûr Ebûbekir Efendi ve Hızır Ağa kıst-ı iltizâmım olan iki yüz bin akçeyi yüz bin akçeye tenzîl edip zabt temessüküme vakıf için yüz bin akçeye tahrîr edip hat ve hâtemlerini hâvî yedime işbu meclisde kırâ’at olunan temessükü verdiklerinden sonra harc nâmına kırk beş bin akçeyi mezbûr Hızır Ağa ve elli beş bin akçesini mezbûr Ebûbekir Efendi benden ahz u kabz eylediler deyû mukır ve mu‘terif olmağın mûcebince meblağ-ı mezbûr elli beş bin akçeyi edâya mezbûr Mehmed Bey’e tenbîh olunup mâ vaka‘a bi’t-taleb ketb olundu.

- M.ÂKİF AYDIN ISTANBUL KADI SİCİLLERİ 44 İSTANBUL MAHKEMESİ 191 NUMARALI SİCİL (H. 1000-1027 / M. 1591-1617)

Dr. Cumhur Bekar points out that there are clear documents with the names of those present at the Edirne Palace:

| "[...] For instance, when Prince Mustafa, the first son of Mehmed IV, was born in Edirne Palace in 1664, Ayşe Sultan,Gevherhan Sultan and Beyhan Sultan, sisters of Mehmed IV, were called to Edirne Palacefrom Topkapı to join in the celebration for the new prince" - Cumhur Bekar (The rise of the Köprülü family)

The other sister Fatma Sultan, had died by then, which strongly suggests that there was no princess named Atike daughter of Ibrahim, in the documents.

I am looking forward to seeing your suggestions ,Because I intend to prepare a research on YouTube about Atike daughter of Ahmed I. Good day.

Hi! @rhaenahanzades and I have already talked about Atike binti Ibrahim and we agreed that she probably didn’t exist.

Burnaz Atike Sultan’s husbands seem to have been the following:

the son of Ekmekçizade Ahmed Pasha (d. 1618) (during Osman II’s reign)

Sofu Kenan Pasha (at the beginning of Murad IV’s reign, so her previous husband must have died pretty soon). Kenan Pasha died in 1652

Doğancı Yusuf Pasha (she married him in 1652)

If that judicial document is well dated, then Atike must have died between 1658 and 1662-63.

Thanks for giving me this quote by Cumhur Bekar:

Besides the number of the personnel in Topkapı and Edirne palaces, what can we say about the members of the harem in both palaces? Although we have no exact data on the subject, scattered information can be founded in the sources. For instance, when Prince Mustafa, the first son of Mehmed IV, was born in Edirne Palace in 1664, Ayşe Sultan, Gevherhan Sultan and Beyhan Sultan, sisters of Mehmed IV, were called to Edirne Palace from Topkapı to join in the celebration for the new prince. This summons shows that some members of the sultan’s family still resided in Topkapı Palace after 1663.

From how it’s worded, it seems those three princesses lived in Topkapi Palace and not with their husbands. Were they widows at the time, then? They must have been teenagers in 1664 (if we consider 1649 the last year a pregnant concubine could have given birth to a child of Ibrahim, then this child was 15 years old in 1664) so I don’t think they still lived with their mothers… Or maybe they just lived in Istanbul, the summons were sent to Topkapi and then forwarded to the princesses.

As a matter of fact, Ragusian diplomats mention those three princesses in 1662 and in 1670:

Ghiuherhan Sultana moglie di Smail Passa; Beihan Sultana moglie di Mustai Passa; […] Aise Sultana moglie di Suleiman Passa

Ghievherhan sultan moglie di Casciu’ Pascia, Beihan Sultan, moglie d’Ali Pascia, Hiscie Sultan, moglie di Scoleiman Pascia

(Off-topic, then Kütükoğlu is right when he says that the Ayşe Sultan who married Malatyali Süleymân Pasha was a daughter of Ibrahim’s? He is clearly not right when he said she was also married to Ibşir Mustafa Pasha).

At this point, I think Fatma must have died before 28 July 1662, when Ragusian diplomats stopped mentioning her. Uluçay found a document dated 8 May 1661 related to her stipend, so she was definitely alive until then.

I definitely agree that Atike Sultan binti Sultan Ibrahim did not exist.

[chaos-of-the-abyss]

morality of her actions aside ayse really gave murad the biggest fuck you possible wow. the shock and dawning realization on his face was cathartic ngl

[magnificentlyreused]

This black and silver pyjama was first worn by Sultan Süleyman I in the twenty-seventh episode of the second season of Magnificent Century.

It was used twice in the first season of Magnificent Century: Kösem, first on Derviş Mehmed Pasha in the eighteenth episode and then on Sultan Ahmed I in the twenty-fourth.

[kathrynhoward]

MAGNIFICENT CENTURY: KOSEM

[annabawritersdream]

I finally included these two in my character profiles! It took me way too long...

Also, he has a name now!

Let me introduce you to...*drum roll*

ELEMIR!

Ahmir + Eledhwen

Both of them are OCs. She's Halbarad's eldest daughter and he's a Haradrim lord. He was originally supposed to die in some sort of tragic, horrific way, but I think I'll spare him? They're so cute, I really don't want to tear them apart.

Alas, I am a sucker for angst and drama so...who knows what will happen. She was supposed to fall in love with a major canon character after Ahmir's death.

Decisions, decisions, decisions...

I guess I'll just stare at them for a while.

[redrosecut]

I guess they wanted us to immediately connect with Ahmed's actor but I honestly think it would have made even more for an impact if Mahmud and Ahmed looked like 16 and 13 in the introduction scene of Kösem. Like, no hate for clearly late-20s Mahmud, but if they both actually looked like teenagers, Mahmud's execution would have been even more of a gut punch to the audience.

[haber-euro-turk]

I. Ahmed (1603 – 1617)

Sultan Birinci Ahmed, 18 Nisan 1590 günü, Manisa’da doğdu. Babası Sultan Üçüncü Mehmed, annesi Handan Sultan���dır. İyi bir tahsil gördü. Arapça ve Farsça’yı mükemmel derecede öğrenmişti. Ok atmak, kılıç kullanmak, ata binmek gibi savaş ve askerlik alanlarında çok usta olan Sultan Birinci Ahmed, ava ve cirit oyununa çok düşkündü. Çok sade giyinirdi. Babası Sultan Üçüncü Mehmed’in vefati üzerine 21…

[sumechiayuu]

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Please keep Palestine in your minds tonight and onwards even with distractions like the Oscars, helping the people is more important

[reallifesultanas]

Family tree of Ahmed I

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Kösem (~1589 - 1651.09.02.)

Mehmed 1605. 03. 08. - 1621. 01. 12.

Ayse ~1606 - 1657

Fatma ~1608 - 1671 (before March)

Hanzade 1609 - 1650.09.

disputed: Selim 1611.06.27.-1611.06.27.

Murad IV 1612.07.27. - 1640.02.08.

Kasim 1614 - 1638.02.17.

Ibrahim 1615.11.05. - 1648.08.18.

Ümmügülsüm ~1616 (possibly) - after 1690

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Mahfiruze (~1589 - ~1612)

Osman II 1604.11.03. - 1622.04.20.

disputed: Gevherhan ~1606 - after 1631

disputed: Cihangir 1609

disputed Bayezid 1612. 12. - 1635.07.27.

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Unknown concubine(s)

daughter born in 1605 March

Hasan 1612.11.25. - ~1612

Hüseyin 1613.11.14. - 1617

Atike 1614 - 1670

Süleyman 1615 - 1635.07.27.

Abide 1618 - 1648(?)

Orhan (died as a child)

Zahide (died as a child)

Zeynep (died as a child)

Esma (died as a child)

Hatice (died as a child)

Marriages of Ahmed I's daughters:

Gevherhan: - Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha 1612-1621 * one son (1620) - Topal Recep Pasha 1623-until her own death * Safiye Hanimsultan (~1624-?) - married Mehmed Pasha and was his widow in 1638/9 - married Sadrazam Abaza Siyavuş Pasha 1643-1656

Ayşe: - Nasuh Pasha 1612-1614 - bethroed to Şehit Karakaş Mehmed Pasha 1614 - Müezzinzade Hafiz Ahmed Pasha 1622-1632 * Sultanzade Mustafa Bey 1628-1670 * Sultanzade X - Silahdar Ahmed Pasha 1639-1644 - Voynuk Ahmed Pasha 1645-1649 - Ibşir Mustafa Pasha 1654/5-?

Fatma: - Murtaza Pasha 1622- - Şehid Ali Pasha 1624 - Çatalcali Kapudan Hasan Pasha 1624-1626 * Sultanzade Hasan ~1625 - Kara Mustafa Pasha 1626-? - Sarraç Mustafa Pasha 1629-1630/1 - Kaçanikli Mehmed Pasha 1631 - Canpoladzade Mustafa Pasha 1632-1636 * Sultanzade Hüseyin 1633-1680 * Sultanzade Süleyman 1635-1665 - Koça Yusuf Pasha 1637-1658 * Sultanzade Ömer 1637-after 1670 - Melek Ahmed Pasha 1661-1662 - Kanbur Mustafa Pasha 1663-1666 - Közbekçi Yusuf Pasha 1667

Hanzade - married or bethroed to Murtaza Pasha’s son 1622 - Bayram Agha 1623-1638 * one son - Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha ~1641-until her death * Sultanzade Abdülbaki Bey ~1642-after 1685

Ümmügülsüm - married or bethroed to one pasha in 1626 - Halil Pasha ?-1641/2 - Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha ~1642-1648

Atike - son of Ekmekçizade Ahmed Pasha 1618-? - Sofu Kenan Pasha ~1624-1652 - Doganci Yusuf Pasha 1652-until her death

Theories:

The daughter born in 1605 March being Gevherhan (and then she was not Mahfiruze's daughter).

Hasan being Mahfiruze's not Bayezid and they both died due to complications.

Zeynep being Mahfiruze's daughter as Osman II possibly had a daughter Zeynep (as there are two Zeyneps buried in Ahmed I's türbe), and since Zeynep is not a dynastical name, Osman may named her after his deceased sister. PS: One of the sarcofagies is for a grown woman, which can be a mistake, or maybe Osman's daugter Zeynep reached adulthood (would be strange as until now there is no evidence for an adult sultana called Zeynep during this period).

Identity of Abide: Now it seems that Abide was not a daughter, but an aunt of Ahmed I and so the daughter of Murad III, see more under Murad III's family tree.

[ottomanladies]

DAUGHTERS OF AHMED I AND MURAD IV

Ahmed I had six daughters who reached adulthood: Gevherhan, Ayşe, Fatma, Hanzade, Atike and Ümmügülsüm.

Gevherhan Sultan was Ahmed I’s eldest daughter; married twice to Ökuz Mehmed Pasha and Topal Recep Pasha. She died before 1631. I believe that Ragusian report of 1642 mentioning Ibrahim’s sister as sultana moglie di Mustafa Pascia detta Guiheri was mistaken for Hanzade(?). Again, in Osmanli devltinde kim kimdi it is clearly stated that Hanzade married Mustafa Pasha in 1643. So, it stays as a questionmark...

Atike Sultan was Ahmed I’s daughter born in late 1600s. She was married at the beginning of the reign of Murad IV to Koca Kenan Pasha, and eventually in 1652 to Doğancı Yusuf Pasha (Turhan personaly take care of chosing husband for her). I have just problem detecting year of her death; source claim 1672/74 (but I would say it was when Turhan’s daughter Atike died). One source Atatürk konferansları suggest her death date as 1660. Anyway, it seems that historians were unable to bifurcate daughter of Ahmed I and Ibrahim I, and they mixed them with each other at times…

Ayşe Sultan’s marriages are well dated and known. Exept two things: she married Hafiz Ahmed Pasha in 1622 (which I will prove in discussion below) and we don’t know who was her husband in early 1650s. Her last husband was Mustafa Pasha. She died in 1656.

Ümmügülsüm Sultan was born either in 1610 or 1617. Her only known husband during reign of Murad IV was some Halil Pasha. I maybe have found something about him by Süreyya Mehmed Bey:

Halil Paşa  - Enderun'dan yetişip mîrahûr-ı evvel olmuştu. 1048 'de (1638/ 39) veziriik verilerek Bağdadim fetih müjdesini İstanbura getirmiştir. Ardından saltanat değişikliği dolayısıyla gözden düşmüş olarak veffat etmiştir.

She was remarried in 1641 to governor of Herzegovina Ahmed Pasha. This marriage was also recognised by Kamil von Behr, and he referred to her as Patti Sultana. She was presented gifts as his wife in 1642, 1648 and 1655. Even she didn’t continue to receive Ragusian gifts, she was still alive during reign of Süleyman II, being alive in 1688, when she started to receive visits of Katherine Trumbull, wife of an English ambassador. On such visits, Katherine was able to collect news from the Ottoman court, such as the rumour in July 1690, later disproved, that Sultan Mehmed had died.

FATMA SULTAN

I would strongly suggest that not all marriages of Ahmed I’s daughter Fatma Sultan are oficially known. Evliya Çelebi mentioned that Fatma had twelve husbands before Melek Ahmed Pasha. I think that I am only person in this world that would claim now that his claims wasn’t sarcastic and that he was telling truth. Now,  ambassador’s report from 1st April of 1622 claimed that Sultan Osman succeeded to marry his half-sisters Ayşe Sultan and her younger sister, and that he plans to marry third sister soon (Gevherhan was already married to Recep Pasha):

Continua tuttavia la Maestà sua gia molti giorni nel detto serraglio, dove ha dissegnato maritar in diversi, soggetti 200 di quelle donne che vi habitano, havendo anche concluso matrimonio di due sue sorelle; una fu moglie di Nasuf, in Cafis Bassa di Van, che hora si trova in viaggio di ritorno, et fu gia capitan del Mare, et l’altra minor nel suo Tornacchi, che è un capo de Giannizzeri, di quelle, che hano cura delle Grue di sua maesta, et di quella caccia un'altra ne voleva dar al figliolo, che fu Cemecogli, ma egli sin hora si scusa con la povertà, riuscendo il matrimonio con le Sultane ne per la molto spesa, et per il loco predominio sopra i mariti, peso granissimo, et intollerabile dai Bassa di conto mai procurato. é stata la maestà sua questa settimana piu d’una volta incognita nell’Arsanele, per veder se si sollecita il lavoro, et ha donato al Capitan Bassa doi Veste a tal effetto, il quale affretta hora grandemente quello delle galee per mar negro, che saranno venti fra pochi giorni all’ordine per partir.

In work An Examination of Daily Politics and Factionalism at the Ottoman Imperial Court in Relation to the Regicide of Osman II (r.1618-22) (p. 66) author, using the same report, succeed to identify husbands of these Sultanas:

In late March 1622, the sultan married Ayşe Sultan, the ex-wife of former Grand Vizier Nasuh Pasha, to the Governor of Van, Hafız Ahmed Pasha, and his other sister, to the Governor of Damascus, Murtaza Pasha.

This is great, because the Sultana who was married to this Murtaza Pasha was (as Venetian report says) younger than Ayşe, and I would certainly say that this was Fatma’s first husband. The third one who was planned to be given in marriage to Murtaza Pasha’s son was most probably Hanzade. To remind you, Gevherhan was married for Recep Pasha at the time.

P.S. Who was daughter of Kosem Sultan refferend in letter she prepared for pasha in 1626 after she sent her daughter Fatma? She was never named. Historians made wrong assumption that it was Ayşe Sultan, because Hafiz Ahmed Pasha was Grand Vizier at the time, and they lacked information when did she married him, and with their free will chose is was Ayşe. I would made an assumption that she was most probably Ümmügülsüm. But still, we don’t know who this Pasha was…

At the beginning of reign of Murad IV, one of his sisters married Şehid Ali Pasha (d. 1624) (see Sakaoglu). This also was most probably Fatma, as her sisters Ayşe, Hanzade and Gevherhan had established husbands (Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, Bayram Agha and Topal Recep Pasha). According to Hammer, Atike was married before 1627 to Kenan Pasha who was seventh vizier in Divan. And please don’t ask me in which work, but I also found that Evliya stated that Grand Vizier Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha married sister of Murad IV. I remember I was shocked, but I hope I will find again that same statement. Anyway, there is one more thing said in Demetrius Cantemir’s book The History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire about one of Murad IV’s sister which occupied my mind, and made me think that it was about Fatma, because of her well-known greedy character:

Murad IV’s sister had four husbands in one year, and not the one of the marriages was celebrated according to the custom. They were accused of some crime, and put to death by the emperor, and their riches with all their effects assigned indeed to the Sultana as their law-wife…

Her (first officialy known) new husband was Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha, whom she married in 1624. She forcefully divorced him, as Murad IV’s was disturbed by Kösem’s extensive support for Hasan Pasha. Anyway, he continued his duties and even became Kapudan Pasha until he was poisoned by Recep Pasha in 1631, or rumour does say so (source: İstanbul armağanı, p. 117). After divorce, she was married in the same year to governor of Egypt Kara Mustafa Pasha, who was executed by Murad IV because of some action contrary to the law of God.

In work Fatma Sultan: A Sultana in the Shadow of Passion and Wealth on page 255, author cites source which claims she was married in 1629 to Sarraç Mustafa Pasha. Possibly.

I would now stress out that Fatma married Canpoladzade Mustafa Pasha in 1632. But between him and Sarraç Mustafa Pasha, she definitely had one more marriage. I will give you Venetian source I found in Vesna Miović’s work (p. 188, n. 258):

26.10.1631.     Il Capitan del Mare si speta qua col primo bon tempo…al quale si tiene per certo che e stata promessa la sultana vedova del Pascia morto a Scopie questa estate…

As you see, Fatma was promissed to Kapudan Pasha (you fill find out Canpoladzade Mustafa Pasha was Kapudan Pasha from October 1630 until July 1632 if you check the right sources) in October of 1631, before she married him in 1632. But the most interesting thing is that, when she was promised to him, she was widow of governor of Skopje who died at summer of 1631. This guy’s identity was Kaçanikli Mehmed Pasha, who was really governor of Skopje and died in 1631.

As you all know, Canpoladzade Mustafa Pasha was executed in 1636. With him, she had sons  Hüseyin and Süleyman. After his death, in 1637, she remarried Koça Yusuf Pasha (in 1638 records mentioned as his wife) and stayed with him in marriage until his death in 1658. They even had son, Ömer.

Her last three marriages were with Melek Ahmed Pasha, Kanbur Mustafa Pasha and Közbekçi Yusuf Pasha. But I would suggest she had at least a marriage between Yusuf Pasha’s death in 1658 and marriage with Ahmed Pasha in 1662.

According to work Fatma Sultan: A Sultana in the Shadow of Passion and Wealth, on page 256, we find out that Fatma Sultan died in 1671, most possibly during March:

Fatma Sultan 1671 yılında yaklaşık 66 yaşında vefat etti. Kaynaklarda Fatma Sultan’ın ölüm tarihiyle ilgili net bir bilgiye yer verilmemiş, genellikle Kozbekçi Yusuf Paşa ile evliliğinden sonra öldüğü ifade edilmiştir. Ölüm sebebi belli değildir. Terekesinde satılacak mücevherlerin kaydedildiği tarih 14 Zilkade 1081/25 Mart 1671 olarak gösterilmiştir (TSMA.d. 10457/124). Fatma Sultan’ın tasarrufunda bulunan Manastır kazası paşmaklık hassı 1671 yılının Mart ayından itibaren Haseki Sultan’a verilmiştir (MŞS. 21: 72, 75). Bu bilgilere göre Fatma Sultan’ın 1671 yılı başlarında vefat ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Cenaze ve defin işlemlerinden sonra mirasın kayda geçirildiği düşünüldüğünde, terekenin toplanmasının zaman aldığı görülmektedir. Kabri, babası Sultan I. Ahmed’in türbesindedir (Mehmed Süreyya, 1996, s. 14)

Beside Ahmed I’s daughters, there were several unknown marriages of daughters of Murad IV. In Angelo Alessandri’s report from 1637, he says Murad IV had eleven-year-old daughter he intends to marry to Silahdar Mustafa Pasha. Additionally, it is known that thirteen-year-old daughter of Murad IV was married to Tüccarzade Mustafa Pasha in 1640 (Sakaoglu, Alderson). Now, what if I tell you that Silahdar Mustafa Pasha and Tüccarzade Mustafa Pasha were the same person? See this: https://www.suvakfi.org.tr/cesme/adalar/kaptan-i-derya-tuccarzade-silahdar-musahip-mustafa-pasa-cesmesi-h-1048-m-1638

Tüccarzade Silahdar Mustafa Pasha was executed in 1642 (not 1641 as Sakaoglu claims) as governor of Timisoara.       Also, work Life After the Harem: Female Palace Slaves, Patronage and the Imperial Ottoman Court , p. 83, says:

According to Naima, in 1642, the sword bearer, husband of Kaya Sultan (daughter of Murad IV) was murdered.

All in all, I want to point to fact that Kaya Sultan was the eldest daughter of Murad IV, born in 1627, who married Mustafa Pasha in 1640 until his execution. She remarried in 1644 to Melek Ahmed Pasha. I am conversant with statements of her being born in 1633, which I strongly evaluate as UNRELIABLE.

Only Öztuna claimed of Murad IV’s daughters, Hanzade Sultan and Gevherhan Sultan, married in August 1645. Hanzade married Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha (d. 1657; different from same-named husband of Hanzade’s same-named aunt, but this Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha died in 1653 – again, I am SUSPICIOUS about this), and Gevherhan Sultan, who married Haseki Mehmed Pasha (who actually married to Turhan’s daughter Ayşe Sultan in 1653). As Haseki Mehmed Pasha remarried in 1553 to daughter of Ibrahim, Gevherhan died before (even before 1648, as she didn’t receive gifts from Ragusians). Hanzade existed, she was still alive in 1662, and was at the time married to some vizier Musa Pasha.

Mahmiye-i İstanbul’da Ali Paşa-yı Atîk mahallesinde sâkin Dergâh-ı âlî dâme mahfûfen bi’l-meâli kapıcıbaşılarından iftihârü’l-emâcid ve’l-ekârim câmi‘ü’l-mehâmid ve’l-mekârim Mîr Mehmed Ağa b. Melek Mehmed meclis-i şer‘-i hatîrde işbu bâ‘isetü’l-kitâb zevcesi Bedirhan bt. Nimetullah tarafından ikrâr-ı âti’l-beyânı tasdîka vekîl olup nehc-i şer‘î üzere vekâleti sâbite olan fahrü’l-akrân dayısı oğlu Ebulkâzım Bey b. Yusuf mahzarında ikrâr ve takrîr-i kelâm edip mahmiye-i mezbûrede hısn ebvâbından Yenikapı hâricinde merhûm eş-Şeyh Merkez Efendi mahallesinde vâki‘ silk-i mülkümde münselik olup bir tarafdan vezîr-i zî-şân düstûr-ı âsaf-nişân Musa Paşa hazretleri mülkü ve bir tarafdan Sultanü’l-muhadderât bürhânü’l-muvakkarât Hanzâde Sultan -dâmet ismetuhâ- hazretleri mülkü ve bir tarafdan Hayrunnisa Hatun bt. Mehmed Efendi mülkü ve bir tarafdan tarîk-i âm ile mahdûd olup hâriciyesi iki bâb tahtânî odayı ve bir ahırı ve su kuyusunu ve mahzeni ve bir dolabı ve hadîkayı ve kenîfi ve dâhil iyyesi bir bâb fevkānî odayı ve bir hücreyi ve bir havuzu ve iki sofayı ve bir kasr-ı yed ve bir matbahı ve üç su kuyusunu müştemil olan menzilimi bi-cümleti’t-tevâbi‘ ve’l-levâhık müvekkile-i mezbûre Bedirhan Hatun’a beş kîse riyâlî guruşa tarafeynden îcâb ve kabûlü hâvî bey‘-ı bâtt-ı sahîh-i şer‘î ile bey‘ ve teslîm edip ol dahi minvâl-i muharrer üzere iştirâ ve kabûl ve tesellüm eyledikde semeni olan meblağ-ı mezbûr beş kîse riyâlî guruşu müvekkile-i mezbûreye cihet-i karz-ı şer‘îden on iki kîse riyâlî guruş deynim olup zimmetimde bâkī altı kîse riyâlî guruşun beş kîsesine takās edip ol dahi mukāssa ve kabûl eyledikden sonra ba‘de’l-yevm hudûd-ı mezbûr ile mahdûde olan menzil müşârün-ileyhâ Bedirhan Hatun’un mülk-i müşterâsıdır keyfe mâ teşâ’ ve tahtâr mutasarrıfe olsun dedikde gıbbe’t-tasdîkı’ş-şer‘î mâ-vaka‘a bi’t-taleb ketb olundu.

Anyway, Hanzade Sultan (daughter of Ahmed I or eventually Murad IV) really had a son with Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha. From judicial report in 1685:

Mahmiye-i İstanbul’da Ayasofya kurbunda Taşodalarda sâkin ekmekçi el-Hâc Ali b. Şaban meclis-i şer‘-i hatîr-i lâzımü’t-tevkīrde mahmiye-i mezbûrda Demirkapı kurbunda Çelebioğlu mahallesinde sâkin umdetü’l-a‘yân ve’l-eşbâh Nakkāş Paşazâde Abdülbâkī Bey mahzarında ikrâr ve takrîr-i kelâm edip târih-i kitâbdan yirmi sene mukaddem mûmâ-ileyhin vâlide[si] merhûme Hanzâde Sultan’ın baş ağası ve abd-i mu‘takı olan İdris Ağa b. Abdullah’a beynimizde ma‘lûmetü’l-evsâf Gürciyyetü’l-asl bir re’s câriyemi yüz otuz guruşa bey‘ ve teslîm ol dahi iştirâ ve tesellüm ve kable’l-edâ ben hacc-ı şerîfe deryâdan giderken harbî kefere beni ahz ve on dört sene mikdârı esir edip ve ben dârü’l-harbde iken merkūm İdris Ağa fevt olup verâseti usûbet-i nesebiyye cihetinden mûmâ-ileyh Abdülbâkī Bey’e münhasıra olmağla mûmâ-ileyh Abdülbâkī Bey terekesine vaz‘ ve kabz eylemeğin hâlâ ben semen-i mezbûr yüz otuz guruşu müteveffâ-yı merkūm İdris Ağa’nın terekesine ber vech-i muharrer vâzı‘ü’l-yed olan mûmâ-ileyh Abdülbâkī Bey’den taleb ve da‘vâ eylediğimde ol dahi cevâbında mûrisim mezbûr İdris Ağa senden ber vech-i mübeyyen iştirâ ve kabz eylediği ma‘lûmum değildir deyû inkâr ve beynimizde münâza‘ât-ı kesîre [84b] vâkı‘a olmuşidi el hâletü hâzihî muslihûn tavassut edip mûmâ-ileyh Abdülbâkī Bey benimle beş guruş üzerine sulh oldukda ben dahi sulh-i mezbûru kabûl ve bedel-i sulh olan meblağ-ı mezbûr beş guruşu yedinden ahz u kabz ettiğimden sonra husûs-ı mezbûra ve gayra müte‘allika âmme-i da‘vâdan mûmâ-ileyh Abdülbâkī Bey’in zimmetini ibrâ-i âmla ibrâ ve iskāt eyledim min ba‘d da‘vâ ve nizâ‘ım yoktur dedikde gıbbe’t-tasdîki’l-vicâhî mâ hüve’l-vâki‘ bi’t-taleb ketb olundu. Fi’l-yevmi’r-râbi‘ aşer min Şa‘bâni’l-mu‘azzam li sene seb‘a ve tis‘în ve elf.

Next very interesting daughter of Murad IV was Rûkiye Sultan. She was born in early 1630s, as she married around 1640s to Küçük Musa Pasha. Musa Pasha was mistaken to be husband of daughter of Ahmed I, Abide Sultan – who didn’t exist. Abide Sultan was daughter of Murad III and wife of Muslu Agha, and Rûkiye was Küçük Musa Pasha’s wife. She received gifts in 1648 as his widow. Rûkiye Sultan was mentioned by Ragusians in 1655 (source: Acta et Diplomata Ragusina) as Ruchie sultana, moglie di Telak Mustafa passa. Also, in 1662, she received gifts as Rukie Sultana moglie di Zelak Mustai Passa, the same guy. I succeeded to figure out his identity, he was Dellak Mustafa Pasha. And very interestingly, Dellak Mustafa Pasha was executed in 1662 by orders of Mehmed IV. It seems that it is right information that Rûkiye Sultan was remarried in 1663 (Sakaoglu) to Seytan Ibrahim Pasha. And he was also executed in 1685, while being governor of Buda. I would note that it is incorrect she married Gürc�� Mehmed Pasha, he was husband of Murad IV’s granddaughter, daughter of Safiye Sultan, Rûkiye Sultan (d. early 1697). She died in March 1696 (Sakaoglu) or 1716 (Alderson). What problem did Mehmed IV had with Rûkiye Sultan, so he executed both her husbands?

Safiye Sultan married at least two times: in 1649 she married firstly Haydarzade Mehmed Pasha. She was recorded in 1655 gifts as Safie sultana moglie di Haidar Sade, figlia di sultan Mourad, and as his widow in 1662. It was false information that he married Ibrahim’s daughter Kaya, she never existed. Anyway, her next known marriage was in probably 1663 to Sari Hasan Pasha, during which she died. But according to Ragusian envoys, he was referred in 1670 as Hussain passa. She died before 1676.

Murad IV also had a daughter named Hafsa Sultan. Only thing known about her is that she married some Hüseyin Pasha (source: İslâm ansiklopedisi: İslâm âlemi tarih, coğrafya, etnoğrafya ve biyografya lûgati – cilt 8; page 646). Actually, if you see Türkischer Biographischer Index (page 489), you will see there were eight Hüseyin Pashas who were governors during reign of Mehmed IV (different than Deli Hüseyin Pasha).

There is possibility that Murad IV had a daughter named Ayşe Sultan, but I am reasonably sceptical about it. I will explain it later, when I make a discussion of daughters of Ibrahim and Mehmed IV, which is the hardest task. I don’t know when I will make that one because my academic year starts in ten days, and I need more time to research and observe the Sultanas from the second half of the seventeenth century. Anyway…I really tried hard to find some unrecorded marriages of these analysed Sultanas, I’m glad that I have determined at least one-two marriages of Ahmed I’s daughter Fatma we didn’t know, and also with daughters of Murad IV.

This is also a topic I’m very interested in.

I’m going to sum up everything so it’s easier to read. I am very sorry but it’s long.

Gevherhan Sultan binti Ahmed I

she was Ahmed I’s eldest daughter (child?), named in honour of his great-aunt Gevherhan Sultan binti Selim II, who was still alive at the time of the princess’ birth. She firstly married Öküz Kara Mustafa Pasha in 1611-1612 (when the pasha came back from Egypt). Mustafa Pasha died in 1620. She secondly married Topal Recep Pasha during Osman II’s reign, with whom had a daughter, Safiye Hanımsultan, probably born in 1630. Gevherhan died before July 1631 (Muharram 1040), when an imperial decision calls her “deceased”. The Ragusian diplomats were wrong when they listed “Guiheri” among Ibrahim’s sisters in 1642. Gevherhan had already died by then. This is confirmed by a harem register dated February 1638-39 in which her daughter Safiye is listed but not her. (I should probably make a gifset about this but I deleted all my gifmaking stuff DDDD:)

Atike Sultan binti Ahmed I

as of now, we don’t have solid evidence on her date of birth, except for Öztuna who says she was born around 1614 (but he also says she’s Kasım’s twin…). Interestingly, Tezcan in Searching for Osman says that she was married to “the son of Ekmekçizade Ahmed Pasha (d. 1618), most probably in 1618”. Unfortunately, I don’t know who that is because I couldn’t find his name. Anyway, in the early years of Murad IV’s reign, Atike married Kenan Pasha, as Giustiniani in 1627 says that “Chinan” was married to the sultan’s sister:

Per ultimi sedevan nel Divano doi altri cognati del re, l’uno Chinan, l’altro Mustaffà, ambidoi poco prima del mio partir spediti quello in Grecia et questo in Natolia sotto titolo de inquisitori con suprema auttorità contra le violentie et tirannidi che si commettevano in quelle provintie, ma in effetto per cavar da esse grosse somme de denari per le guerre contra il Persiano.

Koca Sofu Kenan Pasha died in 1652 and in the same year, according to Uluçay, she married Doğancı Yusuf Pasha.

About her death, Uluçay says nothing. Sakaoğlu, on the other hand, says she died before 1670, that is when Doğancı Yusuf Pasha died. According to Öztuna she died in 1674. Interestingly, when talking about Atike’s tomb, Evliya Celebi mentions her as “Kenan Paşa Sultanı, Ahmed Han kızı Buy’unaz Âtike Sultan”, as if her other marriage never happened (or maybe he was away from Istanbul and didn’t know about it). If only we could date the first volume of the Seyahatnâme we could estimate Atike’s death DD:

Ayşe Sultan binti Ahmed I

I too have found some new (to me) information while I was researching Mehmed III’s daughters. Tezcan in Searching for Osman says that she was only betrothed to Karakaş Mehmed Pasha:

Ayşe Sultan, after the death of her husband in 1614, was promised to Karakaş Mehmed Pasha, probably during the reign of Osman II as well. Yet the latter was killed in battle at Khotin in 1621, and she was married to Hafiz Ahmed Pasha.

You’re right in saying that it’s Osman II who married off Ayşe to Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, because that’s what the Venetian ambassador said in April 1622:

Continua tuttavia la Maestà sua gia molti giorni nel detto serraglio, dove ha dissegnato maritar in diversi, soggetti 200 di quelle donne che vi habitano, havendo anche concluso matrimonio di due sue sorelle; una fu moglie di Nasuf, in Cafis Bassa di Van, che hora si trova in viaggio di ritorno, et fu gia capitan del Mare…

It is interesting, though, that Uluçay said that they were engaged in 1626 and married in 1627 (probably because the pasha wasn’t in Istanbul). I wonder what happened in 1627 because I doubt that it’s the date of consummation… she would have been 22. In any case the marriage was consummated because it produced two sons: Sultanzade Mustafa Bey and an unnamed one who probably died as a baby.

I don’t think she married someone else between Hezargratlı Voynuk Ahmed Pasha (m. 1645-49) and İbşir Mustafa Pasha (m. 1655).

I too thought that İbşir Mustafa Pasha was Ayşe’s last husband but Ragusian diplomats mention a “Aise Sultana moglie di Suleiman Passa” on 28 July 1662, so maybe Öztuna is right in saying that her last husband was actually Malatyalı Koca Süleyman Pasha? On the other hand, Alderson says that the princess married to Koca Süleyman Pasha (also called Ermeni) was Murad IV’s daughter but, annoyingly, doesn’t give any sources.

According to Kütükoğlu, who wrote Malatyalı Koca Süleyman Pasha’s entry in the Islamic Encyclopedia, the Ayşe Sultan he married was Ibrahim’s daughter, adding that Alderson was mistaken in identifying her as a daughter of Murad IV. The only problem is he says that the princess was later married to İbşir Mustafa Pasha… which is impossible.

So, basically, everyone is confused.

Ümmügülsüm Sultan binti Ahmed I

I think it’s impossible to say when she was born. I don’t know who Kamil von Behr is and google didn’t give me any answers…

Anyway, I really don’t know who this Halil Pasha could be because he doesn’t have a nickname so he could be anyone. The one you found in Sicill-i Osmani is a contemporary of Murad IV and therefore of Ahmed I’s daughters so it could be him.

Fatma Sultan binti Ahmed I

So, I don’t know whether to trust everything Evliya Celebi said because he was known to exaggerate things.

Anyways, Çiçek says that in late March 1622 a sister younger than Ayşe married the governor of Damascus, Murtaza Pasha. Murtaza Pasha was governor of Damascus until 1623 (did he die? Who knows). However, in this register, Fatma is unmarried:

A privy purse register from 1622 gives the names of five unmarried princesses, who may be daughters of Ahmed, Osman II, and even Mehmed III: Ümm-i Külsum, Hanzade, Halime, Fatma, and Akile. (Tezcan, B. - Searching for Osman, p. 334, n. 58)

Of course it could have been written before March 1622 but Ayşe (who married Hafiz Ahmed Pasha at the same time) is not among these princesses. It’s interesting, though, that Atike too is absent.

P.S. Who was daughter of Kosem Sultan referred in letter she prepared for pasha in 1626 after she sent her daughter Fatma? She was never named. Historians made wrong assumption that it was Ayşe Sultan, because Hafiz Ahmed Pasha was Grand Vizier at the time, and they lacked information when did she married him, and with their free will chose is was Ayşe. I would made an assumption that she was most probably Ümmügülsüm. But still, we don’t know who this Pasha was…

Well, I mean, Peirce has identified the pasha. As Uluçay believes that Hafiz Ahmed Pasha and Ayşe were married in 1626, this letter makes sense.

In 1626 or thereabout she wrote to the grand vezir Hafiz Ahmed Pasha proposing marriage to one of her daughters: “Whenever you’re ready, let me know and I’ll act accordingly. We’ll take care of you right away. I have a princess ready. I’ll do just as I did when I sent out my Fatma.” Hafiz Ahmed became the third husband of Ayşe. (Peirce, Leslie P. - The Imperial Harem, p. 148)

I don’t particularly like the assumption that Peirce (or other historians) “with their free will chose Ayşe”. If the letter is dated 1626 ca and the grand vizier at the time was Hafiz Ahmed Pasha, then it’s only logical that Peirce (or others) say: she’s talking about Ayşe. I don’t see anything wrong with that tbh.

If Kösem is not talking about Hafiz Ahmed Pasha’s marriage, though, then the princess could be any unmarried princess in the harem at the time. As Valide Sultan and Regent she arranged all the marriages, not only her daughters’.

Şehid Ali Pasha… Alderson didn’t give any sources for that claim, and the only Şehid Ali Pasha I’ve found is Fatma binti Ahmed III’s husband (so he died in 1716).

Let’s move on to Dimitrie Kantemir’s book:

So, Kantemir wasn’t a contemporary. He lived in Istanbul in 1688-91 and again in 1693-1710. His work, Historia incrementorum atque decrementorum Aulae Othomanicae (History of the Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire), was written in Istanbul before 1710 and completed in Russia in 1717. This is what he says about a sister of Murad IV’s:

Murad IV’s Sister had four Husbands in one year, and not one of the Marriages appears to have been consummated. For as soon as the Nuptials were celebrated according to custom, they were accus’d of some crime, and put to death by the Emperor, and their Riches with all their effects assign’d indeed to the Sultana as his lawful Wife, but in reality brought into the royal Treasury (p. 179)

This quote is a little vague. It doesn’t say who this princess is and, most importantly, when this happened. We assume it happened during Murad IV’s reign but we don’t know that with certainty. Also, Fatma's marriage to Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha lasted at least four years, as Murad IV divorced them in 1628.

About Kaçanikli Mehmed Pasha, I have found in Kaçanikli Mehmed Paşa Vakfiyesi ve Kütüphanesi that he may have died before 1631:

Although it was reported that he died in 1631, according to the Divan-ı Hümayun records, he died before 1616 (Kul, 2013: 2001). (p. 1847)

Unfortunately I couldn’t get access to E. Kul’s PhD thesis “XVII. yüzyılda Üsküb şehri”, which is the source.

Anyway, let’s move on.

Tezcan in Searching for Osman says this:

During the reign of Murad IV, a daughter of Ahmed was married to Berber Mustafa Pasha; upon the execution of her husband, she married Sarrac Hasan Pasha. After the death of her second husband, she married Janpoladzade Mustafa Pasha, who was executed by the orders of Murad IV in 1045/1635-6. This princess seems to be Fatma Sultan, who, probably after some other marriages, married Melek Ahmed Pasha in 1662. Melek Ahmed Pasha, who died in the same year, was not her last husband. (p. 334, n. 58)

I’m almost sure that Sarraç Hasan Pasha and Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha are the same man:

When he entered the palace, Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha was a “saddle (saraç) apprentice”

Tezcan says that Sarraç Hasan Pasha was a protegé of Hacı Mustafa Ağa (”Mustafa Agha sponsored the careers of such men as the future grand vizier Tabamyassi Mehmed Pasha, the vizier and finance minister Hasan Pasha, and two other viziers Sarrac Hasan Pasha and Hamidi Mustafa Pasha). Well, Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha was a protegé of Hacı Mustafa Ağa too.

I know Tezcan’s thesis is about Osman II but Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha is never mentioned, not even as Kapıcıbaşı.

Also, it’s not true that Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha became Grand Admiral after his divorce with Fatma because Giustinian in 1627 calls him “Capitan del mare”, which is the Italian translation of Kapudan-ı Derya.

For some reason, though, Civelek and Çakır’s essay İhtiras ve Servetin Gölgesinde Bir Sultan: Fatma Sultan calls him Sarrac Mustafa Pasha. I couldn’t find anything about him.

About this: “Il Capitan del Mare si speta qua col primo bon tempo..., al quale si tiene per certo che e stata promessa la sultana vedova del Pascia morto a Scopie questa estate...”. Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha died on his way to Buda, on 1 August 1631 (some say poisoned by Topal Recep Pasha, as you said). I think he’s the pasha “morto a Scopie questa estate”

(I know Skopje is not in Greece but bear with me)

I don’t think the Ragusian diplomat is saying that that princess is the widow of the governor of Skopje, but that her husband simply died in Skopje that year (I first thought it had happened during a battle or a rebellion). It is certainly interesting that Çatalcalı Hasan Pasha died on 1 August 1631 on his way to Buda, between Yenişehir and Tırhala (Greece).

I know he and Fatma were already divorced but I think that’s only the way the Ragusian diplomat chose to refer to her (as princesses were most often referred to as wives of some pasha). Maybe with more sentences from that dispatch it becomes clearer.

Thanks to İhtiras ve Servetin Gölgesinde Bir Sultan: Fatma Sultan we found out that Fatma had a son with Koca Yusuf Pasha who was alive at least until 1671 when he was noted as one of her heirs, so that’s definitely new information.

As for new marriages, I wouldn’t change anything at the moment. I personally don’t think she kept remarrying so fast.

Let’s move on to Murad IV’s daughters.

Kaya Ismihan Sultan binti Murad IV

Alderson doesn’t give any source for this supposed marriage between an unnamed princess and Tüccarzade Mustafa Pasha (which, interestingly, he says happened in 1640). On the other hand, it’s documented that Kösem and the Grand Vizier blocked the marriage between Kaya and said Tüccarzade Mustafa Pasha (who was Silahdar Mustafa Pasha, yes):

The Queen mother and the Vizier who foresaw their inevitable ruin if they did not undermine this union by its principal foundation, asked Mustafa for fifteen hundred thousand crowns; Mustafa delivered this sum in less than fifteen days, but as he saw that his enemies, having found it so easy to pay it, still wanted to make him ask for new loans, he had them tell him that he knew well that their hatred desired his blood rather than his money, that he was ready to satisfy them, and that if conscience had not arrested his despair, he had already performed the office of the executioner that he expected at any time from them. Notwithstanding this abandonment, they did not have the boldness to undertake anything openly against his life, fearing to irritate the Princess his Lover and to raise the militia; But to make believe that they wished rather to change his condition into one amenable to his grief, than to ruin him, they asked him to resign his office of Capudan Pasha in favour of a Page of the Serrail named Yusuph, and gave him the Government of Buda, where he could more solitarily than at Court, vacillate to the resentment of his affliction. Mustafa to whom all things were indifferent, except tears and sighs, consented to all that was desired, and when he was countermanded on the road to Temisuar, he went thither without murmuring, although it is one of the smallest Governments of Romelia. Thus this inconsolable Pasha still drags out a languid life, in spite of his enemies who continually watch to ruin it, and in spite of the means that his grief employs to seek to die. (Les Voyage du Sieur du Loir, 124-26)

(Translation is a bit wonky I’ll admit it but I used Google Translate because old French is hard)

I do agree, though, that Kaya Ismihan was Murad IV’s eldest daughter (who survived infanthood). Foscarini in 1637 states:

Per quanto ho inteso di figliuole femmine il Re ne ha tre, la maggiore che è di nove anni, pare destinata per moglie al Bei Siclictar amata assai da Sua Maestà (Firpo, Relazioni, p. 766)

In 1640, Contarini says that Kaya is twelve years old. Considering that she was the only one with a betrothed, I’d say she was the eldest.

I don’t think that Naima quote proves that Kaya, in the end, married Silahdar Mustafa Pasha. I don’t think it happened at all. Also because Melek Ahmed Pasha too was a Silahdar so I think the two things were conflated into one and the author got confused. On the other hand, I think Evliya Celebi would have mentioned if Kaya had had a marriage before the one with Melek Ahmed Pasha.

I think it was Kaya’s betrothal with Tüccarzade Silahdar Mustafa Pasha which Alderson confused with a marriage.

Funnily, Öztuna says that Kaya had been betrothed as a baby to Abaza Mehmed Pasha (from the family of Melek Ahmed Pasha) but the pasha had been executed. She had then been betrothed to Hayder Ağazade Mehmed Pasha in 1643 but this betrothal too didn’t lead to marriage (He later married her sister Safiye). I don’t know how much of this is true.

About Hanzade binti Murad IV and Gevherhan binti Murad IV, @rhaenahanzades and I had reached the conclusion that Hanzade was Hanzade binti Ahmed I and Gevherhan was Gevherhan binti Ibrahim.

I personally think that Murad IV’s daughters who reached adulthood were Kaya Ismihan, Rukiye and Safiye.

Rukiye Sultan binti Murad IV

I agree that Abide binti Ahmed I didn’t exist, it seems to have been an oversight by some historians because some of Murad III’s daughters were very young (even infants) when he died, so it makes sense that they had long lives.

According to Ragusian diplomats, Rukiye had the following husbands:

Küçük Musa Pasha

Zelak Mustafa Pasha

Şeytân Divrikli Ibrahim Pasha, with whom she had two daughters

I’m going to be honest, I couldn’t find this Dellak Mustafa Pasha anywhere. I did look up what Dellak means and it seems quite the strange nickname to give a pasha because it means devil.

Anyway, I don’t think Mehmed IV had a specific problem with Rukiye but Ibrahim Pasha was executed in Belgrade in 1685 (according to Öztuna) so he was probably part of those executions Mehmed IV had ordered because of the failed Vienna siege. I know Wikipedia is not the best source but “Ibrahim of Buda” is listed among the Ottoman commanders under Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Mustafa Pasha.

Safiye Sultan binti Murad IV

Mmh, I think Safiye and Hafsa are the same person (Ragusian diplomats call her “Saffie” which could sound like Hafsa if you pronounce it Sàffie instead of Saffìe). While it’s true that Uluçay says she married Sari Hasan Pasha (possibly after Haydarağazade Mehmed Pasha), Öztuna says she married Abaza Hüseyin Pasha, and this seems to be confirmed by Ragusian diplomats who, in 1670, said she was married to Hussain Pascia

There is a Hafsa Sultan among Murad IV’s children in Devletler ve Hanedanlar but she seems to have died in infanthood.

[chaos-of-the-abyss]

"let the world know that i am no longer married to sultan ahmed, but to the ottoman state" is such a hard line. i think about it every day. also i feel like there's something in the fact that it's a clear reference to elizabeth i's "i am married to england," safiye was known both historically and in-show to have close correspondence with her, and bulbul tells safiye that he was thinking it would be splendid if she had her own throne just like elizabeth

[gazagfmboost]

Created a spreadsheet for families reaching out to track what funds are vetted/verified & where -

The goal of this blog is to share some of the funds/families in my DMs on IG who may not otherwise be seen here on Tumblr; Each post will have the details of what official groups they've been verified/vetted by- any without official verification has any humanizing details listed so that you can donate using your own discretion. While time is taken to check for the humanity & authenticity of the fundraisers of any posted fund & many i can vouch for via IG live content & stories or chatting- I do not have the resources to be an "official" source of verification. If you are seeking verification or assistance- Please refer to this Post with links to open intake forms for groups verifying Palestinian fundraisers. If I've been tagged, please check their post for another source of official verification- many of the groups are listed below & feel free to ask me about any funds I've been tagged in.

Please consider taking a look through this Tumblr, or any of the official verified fund lists below & supporting a family or person in need!

--- Fund Highlights --- updated oct 21/2024 1. Needing Help to be Seen -

Tumblr post - Nour (33) & Bahaa (37) & 4 children; Ahmed (10), Zeina (9), Aseel (6) & Jinan (1) Fund Currency: $ CAD. 4% Funded gofund.me/047fa814

Tumblr post - Raed & Sherine Zaharna, & 5 small children Fund Currency: € EUR. 14% Funded gofund.me/fad68744

Tumblr post - Yaser & Alaa, children Laila(1.5) & Jehad (4, injured) + parents & 3 other families Fund Currency: $ CAD. 13% Funded gofund.me/368443d2

Tumblr post - Mahmoud & Hadeel Mousa, children Mohammed (3) & Adam (2) Fund Currency: € EUR. 19% Funded gofund.me/4151df0b

Tumblr post - Jbreel, Sister & Diabetic Mother Fund Currency: € EUR. 23% Funded - gofund.me/a8ffe422 ---- 2. Fundraisers nearing goal -

Tumblr post - Karim Azzam & Family only $790 remaining! 94% Funded! gofund.me/41745890

Tumblr post - Ahmed Younis (24) only €1210 remaining! 94% Funded! gofund.me/15e0d6e0

Tumblr post - Muhammad & Mom Najiyya Abdelhadi (63) only £3145 remaining! 69% Funded! gofund.me/b70e992e

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Tumblr post - Karam Rafiq Al-Nabih (23) & Mother Tahini only £4177 remaining! 40% funded! gofund.me/e5106d4a

--- Palestinian Accounts on Tumblr sharing trusted & Verified* fundraisers; *- el-shab-hussein *- nabulsi Vetted Gaza Evacuation Fund list: google doc - ibtisams - palipunk - 90-ghost - sar-soor - fairuzfan Official Lists of verified fundraisers;

Operation Olivebranch IG / Website Fund list: tinyurl.com/opolivebranch Disabilities Fund list: google doc Perinatal Fund list: google doc Medical Staff Fund list: google doc Press Heros Fund list: google doc Operation Poppyflower IG / Website Fund list: operationpoppyflower.com/full-campaign-directory Project Watermelon IG / Website Fund list: google doc

SteadfastforGaza IG / Website Fund list: steadfastforgaza.super.site/fundraisers StrawberrySeedCollective IG: Strawberryseedcollective Fund list: google doc Ottawa4Palestine Fund list: google doc Camp Breakerz Crew IG / Website Fund list: google drive Hearts in Gaza Project IG / Website Fund list: google doc

TheLastTurtle / GofundWatermelon IG / Website Fund list: google doc

Flowers from Falasteen IG: Flowersfromfalasteen Fund list: linktr.ee/HoldPalestinianHands

Funds for Gaza IG / Website Fund list: google doc Butterfly Effect Project IG / Website Fund list: google doc Funds4Gaza IG: Funds4gaza Fund list: google doc Other ways to help; ESims for Palestinians gazaesims.com/ Crips for ESims chuffed.org/project/crips-for-esims-for-gaza Raffle & handmade goods for Palestine makers4palestine.com Free - Arab.org "Click to Help Palestine" Canadian government Petitions linktr.ee/prudenthermit * Post with links to open intake forms for groups verifying Palestinian fundraisers. My spreadsheet; (IG Prudenthermit)

[silicacid]

I want to share Dr. Moath Abu Samra's gfm (#85 on Operation Olive Branch)

as of Sept 3, 2024: $21,761 USD raised of $50,000 goal

the latest update:

Salam everyone, I apologize for the lack of updates over the last several months. I was busy taking the bar exam, so I haven't made time to update. I am still in contact with Dr. Moath Abu Samra almost daily and he is doing as well as could be expected for someone in his position.

Moath and his mother are still in Cairo, Egypt with Basim. Sadly their visas are set to expire and Egypt will not renew them. So, last month, Moath used some of the funds to apply for a visa to the Sultanate of Oman where he has some contacts. It is unclear how long this process could take. At this time, he has sent in the application. I am also doing research to see which American visa would be most efficient for he and his mother to apply for.

In the meantime, his brothers Yousef, Ahmed, and their father are still trapped in Gaza. We are praying everyday for their safety and that they are able to evacuate soon. We have purchased a Nomad eSim for them in the hopes that they can at least stay connected with the rest of their family. If you would like to donate an eSim to their family, please contact me directly through a private message.

Thank you to all for the collective efforts and the continued donations. It is my sincere hope that the rest of Moath's family will be able to evacuate Gaza soon. 11 months of torture is 11 months too much. Thank you again! ❤️

[abyssalaquarist00]

hiiiii im rly enjoying ur occultist posting :3 i have a wuastion that it seems you might be in a position to answer: does it make sense in your opinion for him to be wearing a turban or is that just orientalism? and/or do you have a headcanon for him related to that? from what i understand it rly isn't that common for arab muslim men to be wearing them at all times, and while the characters' backgrounds/worldbuilding is ofc v vague, it kinda seems to me like they just went off a bunch of stereotypes without bothering to put further thought into it and that's why he's designed to be wearing one but if there's a way to adopt that design into sth that makes sense and deepens his character a little bit i wanna hear it :3

i finally get to talk about this

thank you for the question!

the turban style is less common today but it WAS a popular style in the middle ages. its believed to have originated in mesopotamia give or take 4000 years ago.

Golden Middle Age has a good video on this! we also have some examples in historical art (check out ibn sinna, the islamic golden age and also like almost every ottoman ruler)

i personally theorize that lovecraft's abdul al-hazred was inspired by ahmed al-buni (author of shams al-ma'arif/"knowledge of the sun") and other golden age scholars considering that al-hazred canonically lived sometime during that era. i like Lets Talk Religion's video on shams al-ma'arfi.

here are some of my headcanons for DD al-hazred and how he might wear his kufiyeh. while lovecraft's al-hazred is yemeni, i headcanon DD al-hazred to be from like. a fantasy al-andalus (with fantasy yemeni and syrian ancestry). (ive kind of always seen the DD world as Not earth)

so, for history's sake it's accurate headgear! there's many ways to wear a kufiyeh, and nowadays the turban is less popular among arabs but i think thats really recent and it could be dependent on the amnt of industrialization.

here's a photo of the omani sultan's family in the 1950s

(source, this site contains historical pictures of oman and includes pictures of prisoners and slaves. worth noting for educational and informative purposes, proceed at will)

i do have some things about the rest of his fit, that i mostly chalk up to the fact he went to school in fantasy england but still prefers to wear a robe and kufiyeh (i can relate except not the england part). the things that i can say are Really Delightful for me to see personally

the dagger

the waist wrap

robes

leather braces (im not sure if this is an arab thing to be honest. i think this might be a goth thing for me)

BUT i do have some critiques also

waist wrap should be UNDER the robes, over the tunic

that tunic also looks weird to me wrt that cordage. thats kinda giving me orientalism

the necklace??????

no opinions on the pants or the shoes. again chalking up some of the design choices to him adopting things from his time in fantasy england + i think he's fairly well traveled. im sure he has a sirwal and a pair of these bad boys that he will Not be wearing into the dungeon

i wouldnt want him to be wearing these in the dungeon either but they get an honorable mention because this evolved into a historical/cultural fashion post.

i like his DD1 design!

now DD2 on the otherhand..........

idk whats happening there, thats a whole different story. he shouldnt be an egg imo. i kind of dislike his dd2 design LOL. but he's otherwise a pretty solid design even with the critiques i have.

on topic of kufiyehs, i like kufiyehs that are tassled bc theyre so fun and fashionable. that's a personal preference and i have drawn him that way before (its somewhere on my blog)

i have the nablus kufiyeh from hirbawi and it's my favorite.

i hope this covers everything!

i'll be happy to answer any more questions if you have any :-)

also some research tips if you're curious to look more into it:

i highly recommend looking up archival / antique photos of different countries to get a sense of what that particular culture's fashion looks like. these countries also often have museum pages or heritage websites available in english (machine translate is also an option)

i would avoid french and british art. you can actually filter by place and time on most digital collections like the met, the british museum, or university of chicago (UC doesnt get specific though rifp)