#abide sultan

[reallifesultanas]

Family tree of Ahmed I

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Kösem (~1589 - 1651.09.02.)

Mehmed 1605. 03. 08. - 1621. 01. 12.

Ayse ~1606 - 1657

Fatma ~1608 - 1671 (before March)

Hanzade 1609 - 1650.09.

disputed: Selim 1611.06.27.-1611.06.27.

Murad IV 1612.07.27. - 1640.02.08.

Kasim 1614 - 1638.02.17.

Ibrahim 1615.11.05. - 1648.08.18.

Ümmügülsüm ~1616 (possibly) - after 1690

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Mahfiruze (~1589 - ~1612)

Osman II 1604.11.03. - 1622.04.20.

disputed: Gevherhan ~1606 - after 1631

disputed: Cihangir 1609

disputed Bayezid 1612. 12. - 1635.07.27.

Ahmed (1590.04.18. - 1617.11.22.) - Unknown concubine(s)

daughter born in 1605 March

Hasan 1612.11.25. - ~1612

Hüseyin 1613.11.14. - 1617

Atike 1614 - 1670

Süleyman 1615 - 1635.07.27.

Abide 1618 - 1648(?)

Orhan (died as a child)

Zahide (died as a child)

Zeynep (died as a child)

Esma (died as a child)

Hatice (died as a child)

Marriages of Ahmed I's daughters:

Gevherhan: - Öküz Kara Mehmed Pasha 1612-1621 * one son (1620) - Topal Recep Pasha 1623-until her own death * Safiye Hanimsultan (~1624-?) - married Mehmed Pasha and was his widow in 1638/9 - married Sadrazam Abaza Siyavuş Pasha 1643-1656

Ayşe: - Nasuh Pasha 1612-1614 - bethroed to Şehit Karakaş Mehmed Pasha 1614 - Müezzinzade Hafiz Ahmed Pasha 1622-1632 * Sultanzade Mustafa Bey 1628-1670 * Sultanzade X - Silahdar Ahmed Pasha 1639-1644 - Voynuk Ahmed Pasha 1645-1649 - Ibşir Mustafa Pasha 1654/5-?

Fatma: - Murtaza Pasha 1622- - Şehid Ali Pasha 1624 - Çatalcali Kapudan Hasan Pasha 1624-1626 * Sultanzade Hasan ~1625 - Kara Mustafa Pasha 1626-? - Sarraç Mustafa Pasha 1629-1630/1 - Kaçanikli Mehmed Pasha 1631 - Canpoladzade Mustafa Pasha 1632-1636 * Sultanzade Hüseyin 1633-1680 * Sultanzade Süleyman 1635-1665 - Koça Yusuf Pasha 1637-1658 * Sultanzade Ömer 1637-after 1670 - Melek Ahmed Pasha 1661-1662 - Kanbur Mustafa Pasha 1663-1666 - Közbekçi Yusuf Pasha 1667

Hanzade - married or bethroed to Murtaza Pasha’s son 1622 - Bayram Agha 1623-1638 * one son - Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha ~1641-until her death * Sultanzade Abdülbaki Bey ~1642-after 1685

Ümmügülsüm - married or bethroed to one pasha in 1626 - Halil Pasha ?-1641/2 - Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha ~1642-1648

Atike - son of Ekmekçizade Ahmed Pasha 1618-? - Sofu Kenan Pasha ~1624-1652 - Doganci Yusuf Pasha 1652-until her death

Theories:

The daughter born in 1605 March being Gevherhan (and then she was not Mahfiruze's daughter).

Hasan being Mahfiruze's not Bayezid and they both died due to complications.

Zeynep being Mahfiruze's daughter as Osman II possibly had a daughter Zeynep (as there are two Zeyneps buried in Ahmed I's türbe), and since Zeynep is not a dynastical name, Osman may named her after his deceased sister. PS: One of the sarcofagies is for a grown woman, which can be a mistake, or maybe Osman's daugter Zeynep reached adulthood (would be strange as until now there is no evidence for an adult sultana called Zeynep during this period).

Identity of Abide: Now it seems that Abide was not a daughter, but an aunt of Ahmed I and so the daughter of Murad III, see more under Murad III's family tree.

[ottomanladies]

DAUGHTERS OF MURAD III

As we all know, Murad III was the sultan who had thirty daughters when he died, but in 1598 seventeen or eighteen daughters died due to plaque, so there were twelve or thirteen who were left. There were several daughters of Safiye Sultan, and much more daughters of concubines, who were married in mass ceremony in summer of 1613.

When Murad ascended the throne, Venetian ambassadors started to report about his family composition. Let’s now see reports from early reign of Murad III:

Report from Giacomo Soranzo from 1576 (page 205) (provided by Maria Pia Pedani)

Sultan Amorat III di questo nome, et XIII imperator de Turchi, è al presente di età di 33 anni. Ha una figliola di XII anni et dui figliuoli maschi, il primo, sultan Mehemet, di IX anni, et l’altro sultan Soleiman di VIII.

Report from Giovanni Correr from 1578 (page 239) (provided by Maria Pia Pedani)

Sarebbe, dicono, inclinato per natura a disordinar con le donne, perché si diletta grandemente della conversation loro; pure, con tanta commodità et quantità che n’ha, si tien per fermo che ’l sia contento della sola moglie, la qual se ben non le ha per ancora fatto chebin, che tanto vuol dire come indotata et sposata, ama grandemente, né mai dorme lontano da lei, et con essa ha tre figliuoli, una femina de XI anni et dui maschi, il primo di IX, et l’altro di V anni.

Report from Giacomo Soranzo from 1584 (page 268) (provided by Maria Pia Pedani)

Questo sultan Mehemet, solo et unico figliolo maschio di Sua Maestà con doi figliole femine, se ben ha havuto altri quattro figlioli maschi, che son morti, tutti di una istessa madre, è hora in età di XVI in XVII anni, et la prima figliola di XIIII dissegnata, come si crede, a Ibrain bassà, et [6] l’altra più picciola.

Report from Paolo Contarini from 1583; book Relazioni degli ambasciatori veneti al Senato (page 243):

Ha Sua Maesta un figliuolo unico maschio chiamato Sultan Memet, di eta d’ anni 18, e che l’ anno passato fu ritagliato, com’ e noto alla Serenita Vostra, di maggior vita e di piu bella statura del padre, di color olivastro, e negli occhi mostra esser crudele; s’ intende ch’ egli abbia animo grande, e che spesso biasma il padre, perche dipende dal consiglio delle done e non va in persona alla guerra. Ha pure Sua Maesta due figliuole, una di eta di quattordici anni, che, come ho detto, e destinata per moglie ad Ibraim bassa, e l’ altra e di anni dieci, ne per ancora e destinata ad alcuno, sebben si ragiona che la sultana madre abbia intenzionne di farla dar per moglie a Mamut aga, capigi bassi del serenissimo Signor, allievo e molto favorito di Sua Maesta.

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As far as I understood from reports above:

Beside Mehmed, Safiye gave birth to four sons who died before 1584; one of them was named Süleyman who was year younger than Mehmed, thus being born in 1567. Also, Mahmud and Selim (who were born respectively in 1572 and 1579; see A Comparison of Seyyid Lokman’s Records of the Birth, Death and Wedding Dates of Members of Ottoman Dynasty (1566-1595) with the Records in Ottoman Chronicles by Pazan Ibrahim), were also sons of Safiye, according to birth dates.

Safiye for sure had at least two daughters; Ayşe, who was four years younger than her brother Mehmed, thus being born in 1570, and Fatma, who was four years younger than her elder sister and eight years younger than her brother, thus being born in 1574. Beside them, it seems that Safiye had one more daughter, who was older from Mehmed two to three years, thus being born in 1563-1564.

From later reign of Murad III we have also some informations:

Report from Lorenzo Bernardo in 1590 provided by Maria Pia Pedani (actually the report was made in 1586/87; because this bailo was there until 1587)

Fra tutti questi che a quella Porta potessero far bene e male a questo Senato è la sultana moglie, uno de principali mezi appresso il Gran Signore. Questa è di natione albanese, molto savia e prudente, si è mostrata da un tempo in qua molto bene affetta alle cose della Serenità Vostra, e però mi son trattenuto con lei con alcune galanterie di poco valore, perché non si mostra avida né ha causa di essere tale perché è ricchissima. Il suo favore non solo è da stimare al presente, ma molto più per l’avenire, in tempo che regnasse  il prencipe suo figliolo, appresso il quale è di molta autorità. È d’età d’anni 38 in 39, e sono anni 25 ch’hebbe commercio col Gran Signore col quale per anni 18 continui hebbe molti figlioli, de quali al presente ne vivono tre solamente, cioè Meemet prencipe, la figliola maritata in Ibraim bassà et una figliola che hora è da marito.

Safiye’s Household and Venetian Diplomacy; page 29 note 64

16 Aug. 1590  – the marriages of two daughters of the sultan has been arranged; the first is beautiful and will marry the beylerbeyi of Greece; the other is humpback, but not a monster, and she will marry Siyavuş paşa

Safiye’s Household and Venetian Diplomacy; page 29 (note 63 confirms spring 1591 as date)

In 1591 the rich Hümaşah Ayşe, the daughter of Mihrimah and Rüstem, proposed to pay the expenses of one hundred galleys for six months, if her son-in-law Çiğala-zâde Sinan paşa was made kapudanpaşa. At the same time a sister of prince Mehmed tried to obtain the same office for her brother-in-law Mehmed paşa.

Report from Matheo Zane from April 18, 1592, to the Doge and Senate (source: Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts Relating to English Affairs (1893); page 23 – I will only provide first part of the letter)

The appointment of Sciavus as Gran Vizir was made against the intentions of the Sultan himself, who, in his own mind, had designed to make Sciavus second Vizir, and Sinan Gran Vizir. But Sinan was far away, and his Majesty was aware that there was pressing danger if he refused to satisfy the troops by the removal of Ferrad; he accordingly conferred the seals to Sciavus. This appointment is more popular among the people and the merchants than with the troops, who remember that the disorders of their payment took place in the time of Sciavus, though the head of the Beglierbey of Greece paid the penalty for all. It is thought that if the Sultan’s daughter, who is twenty-six years old, marries Sciavus he will keep his office, if not there is danger of his losing it…

Alphonse la Martine claims in his work History of Turkey (p. 108):

Ferhad-Pasha, grown old in the wars of Persia, was appointed grand vizier in the place of Sinan-Pasha, who returned for the third time into his sumptuous exile of Malghara. Ferhad had espoused the daughter of the Sultana Safiye. This princess governed under her son Mahomet III from the depths of the harem, still more absolutely than under Amurath.

Report from Girolamo Capello from 1600 (p. 416, provided by Maria Pia Pedani)

Rimane per ultimo Sciaus, di nazione ongaro, e per quello che viene detto nato nobilmente. Questo fu grandemente amato da sultan Selim; è persona di bell’aspetto, grave, di poche parole e risoluto, e nessuno vien formato di maggior intelligenza di lui, né più atto a regger tanto peso, essendo stato tre volte primo visir, se bene gl’attribuiscono nome di sfortunato, essendo nel tempo del suo governo successi incendii grandissimi et accidenti infausti, e sempre che si sente voce di mutazione di governo egli viene nominato per primo; ma si giudica che non potrà riuscire per non esser in grazia della regina, essendo che doppo la morte della prima sua moglie, non volse prendere un’altra sultana. Con tutto ciò non manca chi lo pone innanzi. E l’ultimo ordine che diede il Gran Signore a Sciaus, ch’egli non dovesse partir per la Mecca, facendolo ritornar in Costantinopoli mentre era in pronto per andarsene (se bene altri dicono che fosse sua invenzione per vedere come si muoveva il re) lo pose in gran speranza, che Sua Maestà si volesse servir di lui. Nell’amicizia di questo si conserva il medico Benvenisti ebreo, che per vedersi privo del donativo che Vostra Serenità gli faceva già molto tempo di 500 zecchini l’anno, quasi pretesi da lui per obligo di servizi prestati, si rende ora poco ben affetto, se bene lo dissimula. Ma si ha da lodar Dio che Vostra Serenità ora si trova libera dalla mano di tutte quest’arpie delle quali non avrà bisogno, piacendo a Sua Divina Maestà per gran pezzo, e quando anco Sciaus risorgesse, saranno ambedue sempre amicissimi di lei perché sono avarissimi, oltre che Sciaus si è sempre mostrato ben inclinato verso questo Serenissimo Dominio.

From this reports I was able to obtain, I understand next:

Safiye’s daughter Ayşe, who was from 1586 married to Ibrahim Pasha was sent with her husband to Egypt where she lived until end of reign of her father. But, there were at least two daughters of Safiye Sultan in the capital whose marriages occurred, even if their ceremonies was not reported by bailos.

In 1590, two daughters of Murad III (and Safiye) were promised respectively to governor of Rumelia (ambassadors often reffered them as beylerbeys of Greece) and Siyavuş Pasha. It seems that Sultana who was promised to governor of Rumelia was married to him latest in 1591, as her sister tried to obtain function of Kapudan Pasha for her husband (even though daughter of Rustem Pasha succeeded in her intention for obtaining that title to her son-in-law).  It also seems that her husband’s identity was Mehmed Pasha, more precisely Nişancı Kara Mehmed Pasha. Sometimes referred as Boyalı Mehmed Pasha. Mehmed Pasha died in June 1593.

I would suggest that this Sultana might be Fatma, as she would be 16 y.o., by the same age her sister Ayşe married Ibrahim Pasha. Also, as Mehmed Pasha died in June 1593, she could soon remarry. Also, there is a interesting quote in work DAMAD HALIL PASHA (d. 1603): THE LIFE AND CAREER OF A “MODERATE�� OTTOMAN PASHA (pp. 1643-1644) which says that ‘’the death of Nişancı Mehmed Pasha, one of the dome viziers, on 21 June 1593 seems to have made it easier for Halil Pasha to become vizier’’.

On the other hand, there is a Sultana who was promised to Siyavuş Pasha after he was widowed after death of Fatma Sultan, sister of Murad III. From 1592  report of Matheo Zane, we find out that this Sultana is twenty-six years old and that marriage negotiations are still going on. By report from 1600, it is clear that this Sultana who was engaged to Siyavuş Pasha was Safiye’s daughter, because Girolamo Capello reported that Siyavuş Pasha refused to remarry to Murad III’s daughter and he eventually fell out of favour of Safiye Sultan. It seems that this daughter was the eldest daughter of Murad III, beside Ayşe Sultan and Fatma Sultan, who were married at the time.

Beside that

In Sicill-I Osmani cilt 1, page 26, says that daughter of Murad III named Mihrimah was the eldest daughter of her father when she died and that she married Mirahur Ahmed Pasha. Also in work Bu mülkün kadın sultanları by Sakaoğlu, Mihrimah is claimed as eldest daughter of Murad III, and that she was married to Mirahur Ahmed Pasha in 1604. But, if she was eldest daughter and was married in 1604 to Ahmed Pasha, she was 40 years old, which means she had another marriages during reign of her father and brother about whom we know nothing. I would go with her being the one trying to be married to her late aunt’s husband Siyavuş Pasha. If the description is right, and she was humpback, but not a monster, I would suggest she was maybe retired in her Palace or Topkapi Palace the most of her time because of health problems.

It seems that Murad III also had another daughter, Hümaşah, who was absolutely wronged by Alderson, he assigned her husbands of Şehzade Mehmed’s daughter Hümaşah Sultan and Şehzade Mehmed’s granddaughter Fatma Hanımsultan. Actually, thanks to Ragusan envoys, we know that she was wife of Nakkaş Hasan Pasha. According to Factions and Favourites at the Courts of Sultan Ahmed I, this marriage occurred between January and March 1605, but there are venetian reports which claim differently:

Resta quarlo Visir Assan Nacas, che in turco vuol dir pittore, per qualche gusto che ha di quella professione; e uomo di 54 anni, picciol di persona, nacque in Russia, d’ingegno sottile, poiche oltre il dipingere, sa ancora lavorare un orologio. Fu Silictar del re passato che il fece anco Visir, e gli die’in moglie una sua sorella – zia del presente Gran Signore; onde resta egli ancora parente della Maesta Sua.

Source: Relazioni degli stati Europei lette al Senato dagli ambasciatori Veneti nel secolo decimosettimo, p. 142

Also, in Journal of Ottoman Studies cilt 11 from 1991 (p. 184) and Osmanlı Devletinin Saray Teşkilatı (1984; page 165) from Uzunçarşılı, there are claims of Ahmed I fulfilling his aunt Hümaşah Sultan’s reguest for some appropriate allocations from the imperial kitchen. Most interesting is 82 numarali muhimme defteri, where Hümaşah Sultan gave in 1617 some kethudas to her nephew Ahmed I, he even refers to her as hȃlem Hümaşah Sultan (derived hrom hala, which means aunt). I strongly suggest she being daughter of Safiye Sultan, as she was given name in honour of Şehzade Mehmed’s daughter who gifted her mother to her father. I also suggest she was the youngest of her siblings, being born around 1580. As she was child in 1580s, ambassadors probably didn’t have the chance to see her and she was confined to Topkapi. She received the highest salary for princess, beside four daughters of Kösem Sultan, as she was full-sister of Sultan. She also gifts during reign of Sultan Ibrahim, and on list of fourteen princesses which received gifts from envoys in 1655, in book ‘’Acta et diplomata Ragusina’’ she is reffered as Inasce sultana moglie di Hassan pascia.

Also, there were other daughters of Murad III, who were not daughters of Safiye Sultan.

In mass marriage ceremony in 1613, seven daughters of Murad III who resided in Old Palace were given to court officials. According to book Topçular Katibi Abdülkadir Efendi Tarihi  (p. 624), we are given identities of husbands of those Sultanas

Küçük Mirahur Mehmed Aga

Mirahur-I Evvel Muslu Aga

Bostancıbaşı Hasan Aga

Cığalazade Mehmed Bey

Kurşuncuzade Mustafa Pasha

Kefe Beylerbesi Mehmed Pasha

Kapucıbaşı Topal Mehmed Pasha

Also, author puts in footnotes that there was one daughter of Murad III who married in Shaban of 1022 H. (September 1613) governor of Rumelia Ahmed Pasha.

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* In work Bu mülkün kadın sultanları by Sakaoğlu, Fahri Sultan is claimed to be married to Çukadar Ahmed Pasha in 1604, who died in 1618. Year 1604 is incorrect, as she was married to him in 1613. Additionaly, in work Searching for Osman by Tezcan Baki, on page 328, it is claimed that daughter of Murad III who married governor of Rumelia Ahmed Pasha (later governor of Damascus; died 1618)  remarried to Çerkez Mehmed Ali Pasha, who was Grand Vizier of Murad IV. Actually, this Ahmed Pasha was Mirahur Ahmed Pasha, who was governor of Damascus from 1617 until 1618 (I checked on world statesmen site). It seems that Çukadar and Mirahur Ahmed Pasha are the same person, but it seems that when Murad III’s daughter Mihrimah Sultan died, pasha was remarried to Fahri Sultan. Additionally, her marriage to Grand Vizier would explain why she received the highest salary of 430 aspers in 1639. She was not daughter of Safiye Sultan, but she was wife of Grand Vizier of Murad III, thus being given the highest salary among full-sisters of sultans. According to Ulucay, Fahri Sultan remarried to Soffi Bayram Pasha, which is true, because she was recorded in 1639 as widow of his, and received gifts from Ragusan envoys as his widow. Interestingly, it seems that she remarried during reign of Sultan Ibrahim to certain Dilaver Pasha, who was vizier under Mehmed IV and died in 1656. In list of gifts, she was referred as Fahre sultan, moglie di Dilaver pascia in 1648, 1662, 1670 and 1676. She is recorded in Acta et diplomata Ragusina, which provides gifts for fourteen Sultanas in 1655 as Faslite sultana, moglie di Lauer bassa. There are also court records from 1662:

Eyüb Mahkemesi (Havass-ı Refia) 74 Numaralı Sicil (H. 1072 - 1073 / M. 1661 - 1662)

III. Murad’ın kızı Fahrî Sultan’ın kocası Dilâver Paşa’dan intikal eden malları satan vekili Süleyman Bey’den herhangi bir alacağı kalmadığı Husûs-ı âti’l-beyânı mahallinde tahrîr için kıbel-i şer‘den bi’t-taleb irsâl olunan mevlânâ Sâlih Efendi b. Mehmed, ol dahi zeyl-i kitâbda muharrerü’l-esâmî olan müslimîn ile medîne-i hazret-i Ebâ Eyyûb el-Ensârî -dâme fî rıdvâni’l-Bârî- de vâki‘ Debbâğlar Deresi demekle ma‘rûf mahalde sâkine fahrü’l-muhadderât zevi’l-muvakkarât tâcü’l-mestûrât aliyyetü’z-zât safiyyetü’s-sıfât Fahrî Sultan bt. el-merhûm el-mebrûr ed-darrâc ilâ medârici rahmeti Rabbihi’l-gafûr Sultan Murad Hân -aleyhi’r-rahmeti ve’l-gufrân- hazretlerinin sa‘âdet-hânelerine varılıp akd-i meclis-i şer‘-i şerîf olundukda, sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhâ meclis-i ma‘kūd-ı mezkûrda, işbu kitâb-ı sıhhat-nisâbın sâhibi kıdvetü’l-emâcid ve’l-ekârim câmi‘ü’l-mehâmid ve’l-mekârim Sultanzâde Süleyman Bey b. el-merhûm Davud Paşa mahzarında tav‘an ikrâr ve takrîr-i kelâm edip bundan akdem fevt olan zevcim merhûm Dilâver Paşa zimmetinde mütekarrir olan mehr-i müeccelim mukābelesinde mecmû‘-ı muhallefâtı hatt-ı şerîf-i sa‘âdet-makrûn ile bana ihsân buyurulmağın ben dahi muhallefât-ı müteveffâ-yı mezbûru izn-i hâkim-i askerî ile sûk-ı sultânîde semen-i misli ile bey‘ ve kabz-ı semen ve bana îsâle mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey’i tarafımdan vekîl ve nâib-i menâb nasb ve ta‘yîn eylediğimde ol dahi vekâlet-i mezbûreyi kabûl ve târih-i mezbûrda mahrûse-i Galata’da kassâm-ı askerî olan Hasan Efendi ma‘rifetiyle muhallefât-ı müteveffâ-yı mezbûru sûk-ı sultânîde bi’l-vekâle bey‘ ve kabz-ı semen eyledikden sonra defter-i kassâm mûcebince makbûzu olan meblağı tamamen bana def‘ ve teslîm, ben dahi kabz ve tesellüm etmişidim el-hâletü hâzihî husûs-ı mezbûra ve mütâlebât ve eymân ve muhâsamâtdan mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey’in zimmetini ibrâ-i âmm-ı kātı‘ü’n-nizâ‘ ile ibrâ ve iskāt eyledim min ba‘d mûmâ-ileyh Süleyman Bey ile merhûm Dilâver Paşa muhallefâtına ve sâir husûsa müte‘allik da‘vâ ve nizâ‘ım yokdur, zuhûr dahi ederse lede’l-hükkâmi’l-kirâm kebîrihimi’llâhi’l-meliki’l-Allâm mesmû‘a ve makbûle olmasın deyicek gıbbe’t-tasdîki’ş-şer‘iyyi’l-vicâhiyyi’l-mu‘teber mâ hüve’l-vâki‘ kayd şüd. Fi’l-yevmi’s-sâbi‘ min şehri Ramazâni’l-mübârek li sene isneteyn ve seb‘în ve elf.

Also, in document dated from late 1662, which is about vakfiye of Fahri Sultan, she mentions at the end her sister Saime Sultan. Source:

11 numarali Istanbul Mahkemesi Defteri (H. 1073) pp. 303-304

On page 304, you will see Fahri Sultan refers to her as kız karındaşım Sâ’ime Sultân hazretlerini.

But, this Saime Sultan was also on list of gifts; in 1642 she was referred as wife of Topal Ahmed Pasha, and in 1648 she is referred as wife of Sarhoş Mehmed Pasha. In 1662 and 1670, she received gifts as widow, but in 1676 she was not mentioned, which means that she died in early 1670s.

One of the daughters of Murad III was Beyhan Sultan. There is a proof of her being daughter of Murad III:

Eyüb Mahkemesi (Havass-ı Refia) 37 Numaralı Sicil (H. 1047 / M. 1637 - 1638)

Beyhan Sultan bt. Sultan Murad Hân’ın tasarrufundaki menzil, bostan, çayır ve tarlaları Fâtıma Hatun bt. Abdüttevvâb’a sattığı Fahrü’l-muhadderât zahrü’l-muvakkarât tâcü’l-mestûrât, iklîletü’l-muhassenât Âişetü’z-zamân Fâtımatü’l-evân Beyhan Sultan bt. el-merhûm el-mebrûr ed-dâricü ilâ medârici’l-rahmeti’l-gafûr Sultan Murad Hân hazretlerinin taraf-ı şerîflerinden bey‘ ve tefvîz-i âti’z-zikri ikrâra vekîl olup vekâleti müşârün-ileyhâ hazretlerin ma‘rifet-i şer‘iyye ile ârifeyn olan zahrü’l-kuzât Mehmed Efendi b. ( ) el-Kadı ve Hâssa Baltacıları kethüdâsı olan el-Hâc Mehmed et-Teberdâr şehâdetleriyle sâbit olan kıdvetü’l-emâsil ve’l-akrân Câbir Ağa b. Abdülmennân mahfil-i kazâda Sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhâ hazretlerinin kethüdâları olan sâhib-i hâze’l-kitâb kıdvetü’l-muhadderât zübdetü’l-muvakkarât Fâtıma Hâtun bt. Abdüttevvâb tarafından dahi ikrâr-ı câ’i’l-beyânı tasdîka vekîl olup vekâleti mezbûre Fâtıma Hâtun’u ma‘rifet-i şer‘iyye ile ârifeyn olan Rıdvan Bey b. Abdullah ve Mustafa Bey b. Abdullah şehâdetleriyle sâbite olan fahrü’l-cüyûş Cafer Çavuş b. Abdullah muvâcehesinde bi’l-vekâle ikrâr-ı da‘vâ edip müvekkilem Sultân-ı müşârün-ileyhâ hazretlerinin silk-i mülk-i sahîhinde münselik olan emlâkinden olup Havâss-ı Aliyye kazâsı müzâfâtından Terkos nâhiyesine Kiteli nâm karyede vâki‘ bir tarafdan Osman Paşa mülkü ve bir tarafdan zikri âtî olan çiftliğe tâbi‘ olan çayır ve bir tarafı Sinan ve bir tarafı ba‘zan câmi‘-i şerîf ve ba‘zan tarîk-i âm ile mahdûd beş bâb tahtânî odayı ve bir sofayı ve bir anbarı ve harâba müşrif hamamı ve bir büyük ahırı ve bir küçük ahırı ve bir fırını ve harman kenarında vâki‘ samanlığı ve câmi‘-i şerîf kurbunda vâki‘ iki bâb tahtânî odayı müştemil çiftlik ta‘bîr olunur mülk menzilini ve menzil-i merkūm dâhilinde üç re’s kara sığır öküzünü ve demiriyle iki sabanı ve bir arabayı ve bir döğeni ve sâir âlât-ı zirâ‘at ve esbâb-ı hırâseti ve menzil-i merkūm kurbunda vâki‘ harman yerini mezbûre Fâtıma Hâtun’a fıddî nakd-i râyicü’l-vakt yetmiş beş bin akçeye tarafeynden îcâb ve kabûlü hâvî ve bey‘-i bâtt-ı sahîh-i şer‘î ve safka-i vâhide ile bey‘ ve teslîm edip ol dahi minvâl-i muharrer üzre iştirâ ve tesellüm eyledikden sonra yine karye-i mezbûre sınırı dâhilinde mevâzi‘-i adîdede vâki‘ ma‘lûmü’l-hudûd olup merhûm ve mağfûrun-leh Sultan Bayezid Hân -aleyhi’r-rahmetü ve’l-gufrân- hazretlerinin evkāf-ı şerîfesinden olan bir kıt‘a bostan yerinin ve beş kıt‘a çayırın ve tahmîmen yetmiş beş müd tohum istî‘âb eder elli kıt‘a tarlaların dahi hakk-ı tasarrufunu, mezbûrü’n-na‘t yirmi beş bin akçe bedel-i tefvîz ve evkāf-ı mezbûre mütevellîsi ma‘rifetiyle mezbûre Fâtıma Hâtun’a tevfîz edip ol dahi minvâl-i meşrûh üzre tefevvuz ve kabûl eyledikden sonra semen-i merkūm yetmiş beş bin akçe ve bedel-i tefvîz olan yirmi beş bin akçe cem‘an yüz bin akçeyi bi tamâmihî mezbûre Fâtıma Hâtun yedinden ahz ve kabz eyledi ba‘de’l-yevm zikr olunan emlâk-i mezbûre Fâtıma Hâtun’un mülk-i müşterâsı ve bostan ve çayırlar ve tarlalar dâhil-i taht-ı tasarrufu olmuşdur. Keyfe mâ teşâ’ ve tahtâr mutasarrıfe olsun dedikde vekîl-i mûmâ-ileyh Çâker Ağa’nın bi’l-vekâle cârî olan ikrâr-ı meşrûhunu vekîl-i âhar Cafer Çavuş bi’l-vekâle vicâhen tasdîk ve şifâhen tahkīk edicek mâ hüve’l-vâki‘ ketb olundu. Hurrire fi’l-yevmi’l-ışrîn min Şevvâli’l-mükerrem li sene seb‘a ve erba‘în ve elf.

It seems that Beyhan Sultan was recorded in 1648 as widow of Nideli Mustafa Pasha, who was actually Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha, who was killed in rebellion 1632. He was briefly Kapudan Pasha, governor of Egypt and defterdar. It seems that Beyhan Sultan was granted almost the highest salary (415 aspers) because of her husband’s positions during reign of Murad IV. She wasn’t of list of sultanas in 1655, so she died before that year.

I just don’t know if Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha is the same Mustafa Pasha that one of the daughters of Murad III married in 1613.

It seems that on list of gifts in 1642, there was daughter of Murad III named Abide Sultan who was wife of Muslu Pasha. Muslu Pasha was one of grooms in weddings of 1613.

There was also daughter of Murad III called Gevherhan Sultan, who died before 1639/1642, but was still alive in 1624, and was most probably wife of Bostancıbaşı Hasan Aga

Rumeli Sadâreti Mahkemesi 40 Numaralı Sicil (H. 1033-1034 / M. 1623-1624)

Vefat eden Hasan Paşa’nın III. Murad’ın kızı Gevherhan Sultan’a mehir borcu olduğu Bi’l-fi‘l atabe-i aliyyede baş defterdâr kāimmakāmı olan emîrü’l-ümerâi’l-kirâm kebîrü’l-küberâi’l-fihâm sâhibü’d-devleti ve’l-ikbâl sâhibü zeyli’l-izz ve’l-iclâl câmi‘u vücûhi’l-emvâl âmirü’l-hazâini bi-ahseni’l-a‘mâl Mehmed Paşa -dâme ikbâluhû- Dîvân-ı âlî -dâme mahfûfen bi’l-me‘âlî-’devüzerâ-i kirâm zümresinden olup azm-i dârü’s-selâm eden merhûm Hasan Paşa’nın halîle-i celîleleri dürre-i iklîlü’d-devleti’l-aliyye gurreti cebînü’l-hilâfeti’l-behiyye tâcü fırakı’n-nisvân min men lehünne ulüvvü’ş-şân sâhibetü’s-sa‘âdeti ve’l-ihsân sâhibetü zeyli’n-ni‘meti ve’l-ihsân Fâtımatü’z-zamân Âişetü’l-evân hazret-i Gevherhân Sultan bt. es-sultâni’l-a‘zam ve’l-hâkāni’l-ekrem el-merhûm el-mebrûr es-sultan Murad Hân -beşşerahullâhü te‘âlâ bi-rahmetihî minhü ve rıdvân- cenâb-ı ismet-meâblarından husûs-ı âtîye vekîl olup vekâleti nehc-i şer‘î üzere sâbite olan merhûm müşârun-ileyhin kethüdâsı fahrü’l-iştibâh Mehmed Ağa b. Abdullah mahzarında takrîr-i kelâm edip merhûm-ı mezbûrun Rumeli’nde vâki‘ hâssları mahsûlü bin otuz üç senesi Martı ibtidâsından sene-i kâmile tamâmına varınca merhûm-ı mezbûrun voyvodalarına ber vech-i maktû‘ deruhde olunmuş olup hâlâ müşârun-ileyh Hasan Paşa merhûm olmağla havâss-ı mezbûre cânib-i mîrîden zabt olunmak lâzım geldikde müşârun-ileyhâ sultan hazretleri dahi sene tamâmına varınca yine havâss-ı mezbûreyi merhûm-ı müşârun-ileyhin voyvodaları zabt edip sene tamâmına değin cümle mahsûlü vezîr-i müşârun-ileyhin mûmâ-ileyhâ sultan hazretlerine mehr-i müeccelinden olan deyni için sultan hazretlerine teslîm olunmak üzere vekîl-i mezbûr Mehmed Ağa yediyle Hazîne-i âmireye on iki yük akçe teslîm olunmağın ber vech-i meşrûh cânib-i mîrîden dahi deruhde olunmuşdur min-ba‘d havâss-ı merkūmeyi sene tamâmına varınca yine merhûm-ı müşârun-ileyhin voyvodaları zabt edip cümle mahsûl sultan hazretlerine teslîm olunup muhassıl ve müfettiş ve ümenâ taraflarından kat‘â dahl olunmayıp ta‘arruz olunmamak üzere yedlerine emr-i şerîf-i âlîşân verilmişdir dedikde gıbbe’t-tasdîk vicâhen mâ-hüve’l-vâkı‘ bi’t-taleb ketb olundu.

Also, there was daughter of Murad III called Rukiye Sultan, but we know nothing about her except she was also daughter of Şemsiruhsar Hatun.

There was one more daughter of Murad III whose name we know, Hatice Sultan. She was married in 1613 to governor of Kefe Mehmed Pasha. She was still alive in 1639, when she was recorded in harem records as wife of late Mehmed Pasha-i Kefe. She was might remarried during reign of Sultan Ibrahim to some Magrip pascia, as she is recorded in 1648.

So, my final stating is as follows:

Mihrimah Sultan (1564 — before 1613); daughter with Safiye. Her marriages went unnoticed, she was might engaged in 1590 to Siyavuş Pasha, who later refused to remarry. She was married to Mirahur Ahmed Pasha in 1604. She died during reign of her nephew Ahmed I, and after her death her husband remarried to her sister Fahri Sultan.

Ayşe Sultan (1570 — 15 May 1605); daughter with Safiye, married firstly in 1586 to Ibrahim Pasha, married secondly in 1602 to Yemişci Hasan Pasha and lastly married in 1604 to Mahmud Pasha.

Fatma Sultan (1574 — 1620); daughter with Safiye. Might married firstly in 1590 to Nişancı Kara Mehmed Pasha, married in December 1593 to Halil Pasha, married in 1604 to Cafer Pasha (vizier, kapudan pasha (1606-1608), governor of Cyprus until his death in 1609). Öztuna claims she married two more times; in 1610 married kubbe vizier Hizir Pasha (d. 1610) and in 1611 to Murad Pasha.

Hümaşah Sultan (1580 — before 1662); daughter with Safiye. Married in late reign of Mehmed III or early reign of Ahmed I to Nakkaş Hasan Pasha. She was still alive in 1655, but died before 1662.

Fahri Sultan (1594? — 1579?); married in 1613 to Ahmed Pasha (once Mirahur), who was once married to her sister Mihrimah Sultan. After his death in 1618, she remarried Çerkez Mehmed Ali Pasha, who was Grand Vizier under Murad IV. After his death she remarried Soffu Bayram Pasha, and after his death she remained a widow for long time, receiving highest salaries among Ottoman princesses as once she was wife of Grand Vizier. During reign of Sultan Ibrahim lastly married to Dilaver Pasha. After his death, she received gifts as his widow in 1662, 1670 and 1676. She was omitted from gifts in late 1670s and she complained to Grand Vizier (Miović; p. 166). She was longest-lived child of Murad III.

Beyhan Sultan (?? — before 1655); married in 1613 to Kurucubasi Mustafa Pasha, remarried later to Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha.

Hatice Sultan (?? — after 1639); married in 1613 to governor of Kefe Mehmed Pasha.

Gevherhan Sultan (?? — after 1624); married to Bostancibasi Hasan Aga.

Saime Sultan (?? — before 1676); had at least three husbands during lifetime. Shie died in first half of 1670s.

Abide Sultan (?? — before 1648); married in 1613 to Muslu Aga. She died during reign of Sultan Ibrahim.

Rukiye Sultan (?? — ??); daughter of Şemsiruhsar Hatun, maybe one of the princesses married in 1613.

2 unknown daughters

I hope you like my analysis, and that I gave you interesting sources, reading and insights. I can't wait for your reaction and comments!

You really worked hard!! Thank you for sharing this with me, I really appreciate it. (I think you should be the one running this blog lmao)

Ottoman history is kind of a pain in the ass because Ottomanists do not speak to each other, apparently; one discovers something but that something gets ignored by everyone else. Also, Turkish historians tend to not use foreign sources, and it’s such a pity because there is so much information in ambassadorial reports.

I’m not sure Mihrimah was the eldest child of Murad III. Only Sicill-i Osmani says this (Sakaoğlu just cites it) and she was not given a “famous” husband, while Ayşe married Damad Ibrahim Pasha. Unless, as you said, she had some health problem so her marriage was delayed until Ahmed I finally “forced” her to get married like his other aunts. I’m sorry if I sound stupid but I don’t understand how you calculated her age 😭. Oh wait, did you just assume a year before Mehmed III? She undoubtedly existed, though.

About the marriages of Ahmed I’s aunts, I would add this from Ragusian diplomats:

30 June 1613: “...quel medesimo giorno che noi arivamo qui si sposso una delle sultane, zia del Gran Signore per suo Capicilar Chiehaia e l’altra si dice che la setimana prosima si sposara per il Beglerbei d’Urumelia stato prima Aga di Gianizari [Mirahur Ahmed Pascià — Mihrimah!!]; et cossi di mano in mano le altre cinque ...” 17 July 1613: “Questi giorni passati dopo l’arivo nostro si sono maritate tre soltane zie del Gran Signore figliole di Murat, et altre quatro sono sposate le quali fra quatro setimane si maritarano ancor loro, le maritate sono una per il Beglerbei di Romania, l’altra per il Bostangi Bascia gran nemico nostro..., la terza soltana vi e maritata per il Capicilar Ciechaia, ancor lui homo di cativo porto, et mal disposto verso le cose nostre..., le quatro soltane sposate vi sono una per il Pascia di Cairo l’altra per l’Aga di Gianizari la terza per il Ciuciuch Ibrachor Basci, e la quatra per Basc Capici Basci del Gran Signore, vi sono adesso quindeci soltane...”

These two dispatches seem to confirm the information you found in Topçular Katibi Abdülkadir Efendi Tarihi.

It would make sense for Safiye to be Ayşe, Fatma, Mihrimah and Hümaşah’s mother because their names carry meaning for Murad III (well, Ayşe and Fatma are for religious reasons) so I would venture they’re his eldest daughters.

About one of the husbands in the 1613 mass marriage, I have found — do not ask me where, I don’t remember — that Sülün Muslu Pasha was a vizier during the reign of Ahmed I. He could be Abide’s husband, as the Ragusians called him “Sulun Muslia”.

What about (in Öztuna):

MlHRBÂN SULTÂN: Med.Murâd III T. =Dâmâd Topal Mehmed Ağa, kapıcıbaşı, izd.21.2.1613.

Did you find anything about her? Uluçay, on the other hand, didn’t assign a husband to her but said that she was buried in the mausoleum of Murad III (the source is Hadikatü’l-Cevami). He also cited Uzunçarşılı’s Osmanlı Devletinin Saray Teşkilatı, page 162, but I couldn’t find anything about her in there. Or maybe it’s just Mihrimah but Hadikatü’l-Cevami called her Mihriban. According to Alderson, she was a consort instead.

Off topic but I can’t believe that Saime is an actual name because it’s so original. I spent hours trying to find an Ottoman name who sounded like Seime, when I first found it in Ragusian reports 😭

Anyway, you’re a really good historian!!

[pagesandpothos]

A Taste of Gold and Iron by Alexandra Rowland

Official Summary:

The Goblin Emperor meets "Magnificent Century" in Alexandra Rowland's A Taste of Gold and Iron, where a queer central romance unfolds in a fantasy world reminiscent of the Ottoman Empire. Kadou, the shy prince of Arasht, finds himself at odds with one of the most powerful ambassadors at court—the body-father of the queen's new child—in an altercation which results in his humiliation. To prove his loyalty to the queen, his sister, Kadou takes responsibility for the investigation of a break-in at one of their guilds, with the help of his newly appointed bodyguard, the coldly handsome Evemer, who seems to tolerate him at best. In Arasht, where princes can touch-taste precious metals with their fingers and myth runs side by side with history, counterfeiting is heresy, and the conspiracy they discover could cripple the kingdom’s financial standing and bring about its ruin.

My Thoughts

A Taste of Gold and Iron is a book I've had on my TBR for a long time. It's a book I knew I would love, but I kept putting it off, waiting for "the right time." Then, last year, I saw a copy of Running Close to the Wind at my library, and it instantly became one of my favorite books of the year. I knew I needed to stop being silly and finally read A Taste of Gold and Iron.

A Taste of Gold and Iron is my favorite kind of "romantasy." It has an excellent romance at the center that features many of the best romance tropes, but it also has intricate world-building with an engaging plot that had me just as invested as the romance.

The plot centers around Kadou, the spare prince of Arasht. After a hunting accident results in deaths, he is assigned a new guard named Evemer. Evemer, like much the rest of the kingdom, harshly judges Kadou for his part in the incident. However, the two slowly grow closer as they work to unravel a financial conspiracy that could have wide-ranging consequences.

As someone with anxiety, I adored Kadou. He second-guesses himself, often worried that it's just his anxiety making him paranoid. I've never read a book that captured that part of anxiety so well, and I related to it strongly. He's also kind and intelligent but struggles with how he should be of use to the sultan (his sister) and their kingdom.

Evemer's points of view were some of my favorite parts of the book. I enjoyed reading his internal monologue so much. I love a stuffy, rule-abiding character who finds something that matters more to him than strictly following protocol. He grows so much throughout the book, and it was a really enjoyable journey. He's also an excellent romantic lead. Some of his quotes are so incredibly romantic that they took my breath away!

The romance starts pretty rocky. At the start of the book, Kadou has a casual relationship with another character, Tadek (who is a delight!). Evemer thinks the spare prince is flighty and irresponsible. Their romance is a real slow burn with yearning, jealousy, and forced proximity. I loved their gradual and growing understanding of each other. There are so many incredible and memorable scenes between these two. I've said in previous reviews that pinning is critical for me to truly love a romance. This pairing gave me all the yearning I could ask and I loved every second!

I realize I'm late to the party and a lot of queer romance and fantasy fans have already read this, but if you haven't, I highly recommend you do. This is beautifully written and plotted. This is one of my favorite books of the year (and of all time).

My Rating: 🌕🌕🌕 🌕🌕 (5/5 stars)

Pages: 503 (Standard Hardcover Edition)

Tropes/Tags: Queer, Achillean, Romantasy, Slow Burn, (mild) Love Triangle, There's Only One Bed

Romantasy Scale: This is equal parts fantasy and romance. The romance is a crucial part of the story, but detailed world-building and a layered plot are not sacrificed.

Spice Level: 🌶️🌶️🌶️/5. There are kisses and some mild spice.

Content Warnings: Anxiety (including panic attacks), Death, Kidnapping

Links: Storygraph | GoodReads | AlexandraRowland.net

[ See Everything I’ve Read in 2025 ]

[dominadespina]

LAZAREVIC SISTERS V

Olivera Lazarevic

Early Life

Olivera Lazarević, also often referred to in Byzantine and Greek sources as Maria, was the fifth child and youngest daughter of Knez Lazar and his wife Milica.

She was likely born around 1372/1373 and raised in her father’s capital, Kruševac, receiving the same education as her elder sisters, under the guidance of their mother and maternal aunt, Nun Jefimija.

Like most in her family, she was a fanatic of the arts and literature. Though she was never an artist in her own right, she acted as a patron of it.

There is a folk legend that in her youth, Olivera caught the attention of the Serbian knight, Miloš Obilić, who happened to be a frequent visitor at her father’s court and was considered one of the family.

This attraction led to a marriage proposal by Obilić, yet he was refused by her father, using her young age as an excuse.

Marriage to Sultan Bayezid I

Following the Battle of Kosovo in the summer of 1389, and the death of Sultan Murad I and execution of Knez Lazar, the Serbs abided themselves in a vassalage to the Ottomans due to the Hungarian attacks, who wanted to take charge of Serbia and the advancement of the Ottomans.

To officialize this "ending" vendetta, a proposal was made to the then regent, Milica, of a union of peace with the newly crowned Sultan Bayezid, son of Sultan Murad. Although the mother tried to fight and prolong her final decision, by the end of that same year, her youngest daughter was betrothed to the new Sultan.

The Serbian lords, who were quite unhappy about this betrothal, involved themselves in some sort of intrigues to make Bayezid suspicious in order to prevent this union. However, it obviously did not prevail.

It is unclear if the wedding reception took place in late 1389 or in the spring of 1390. As stated by Konstantin Kostenecki in his biography of Stefan Lazarević written in 1431, he reports that after the Ottoman ambassadors and Milica agreed on the marriage, Stefan appeared before Bayezid with his sister Olivera and the marriage took place. As far as we know, the proposal was accepted in late 1389.

Nonetheless, one thing is for sure, and that is the fact that the reception took place no later than the spring of 1390. This is because the joint action of the Serbs and Turks against the Hungarians in northern Serbia, southern Hungary, and eastern Bosnia took place already in the spring or at the latest in the summer of that year, meaning by the spring of 1390, Olivera was married to the same man who gave orders for her father’s execution.

The wedding seems to have been kept quiet as it appears to have taken place in a mosque, following a Muslim ceremony. Many Serbian lords and people were unhappy about their Orthodox Christian Princess marrying a Muslim, even if it brought some temporary peace to Serbia.

According to Ducas, a 15th-century historian, on top of many talents of silver from Serbia's mines, Bayezid received "a tender virgin."

It is possible that after this marriage Olivera took the epithet of "Despina" (meaning female despot, or mistress), or more plausible it is a title she had already acquired as a royal princess during her father's reign, and thus she became known as "Despina Hatun", Hatun being the Turco-Mongol title meaning "Lady."

It appears that for the rest of her life, she was referred to by this epithet instead of her actual name.

A Woman of Great Influence

Despite the unfavorable circumstances in which this political marriage began, it is noted by historical and contemporary historians that Bayezid loved and valued the counsel of his wife, Despina. It is accepted that the couple welcomed three daughters together; the eldest bears an unknown name, the second in line is Pasa Melek, and the youngest is Oruz.

Her legendary beauty, noble background, and education played a key role in Bayezid’s favoritism of her over all his other consorts and in his trust in her counsel.

From the moment she arrived until his last breath, she remained his main and favorite wife, and had influence on her husband's politics, which played in favor of her people.

Despina was, of course, blamed for having introduced European customs, wine, and mass partying into the once "pious" Ottoman court, and for "whispering in her brother’s favor." However, these criticisms were mostly due to the fact that she was a Christian wife and remained one even though she had influence over her husband. This of course, played a role in the Muslim Ottomans distain of her.

Though it is unknown if Despina reciprocated the same sentiment towards her husband, it is noted that wherever Bayezid went, he could not separate from the Serbian Princess, and thus he took her everywhere with him, suggesting that throughout their marriage she was willing to be a loyal companion to him.

According to Serbian sources, her biggest accomplishments were to partake in Bayezid’s decision to transfer a vast portion of Vuk Branković’s lands (her brother-in-law through Mara) in 1397, following the man’s death and place them under the governance of her younger brother, Stefan.

The other was to save her brother from Bayezid’s wrath in 1398 when he was accused of conspiring with the King of Hungary. Stefan came to the Sultan after the failed attempt of his mother to defend him. It is believed that Olivera was the one who stepped up, and her brother was forgiven upon admitting his fault.

Captivity

Following the aftermath of the Battle of Ankara in 1402, a battle which Bayezid and his sons, Mustafa and Musa, lost and were taken as captives, Timur sent his generals to plunder Bursa, taking many treasures from the palace with them, including Bayezid's concubines. Eventually, they made their way to Yenisehir, where Despina was hiding with two of her daughters.

Despina and her household were brought to Timur and later to Bayezid, who was being kept captive in a tent. Although they were treated with respect at first, events occurred that led to Bayezid being humiliated and kept in an iron cage, while his wife was forced to perform menial tasks at festivities.

Unable to bear the insult made towards his wife, Bayezid committed suicide in his iron cage and was temporarily buried in Akşehir, where he had passed.

Timur is believed to have felt great guilt because of this and released Bayezid’s entourage. He married Despina’s daughters to the son of one of his generals and the other to his grandson, Ebu Bakr Mirza. Both daughters moved to Samarkand where they lived with their families.

Later in 1403, Despina was released along with her stepson, Musa, during the transfer of Bayezid’s body to his personal mosque in Bursa. It is assumed she attended his second funeral.

As the Advisor of the Despots

Following her release, nothing is known or recorded about Despina's whereabouts until the 1420s. It is believed by some that she might have stayed in Bursa or somewhere nearby with her youngest daughter until she grew tired of the battle for the throne going on between Bayezid’s sons and later moved to Serbia.

Or, she might have stayed until the time her youngest daughter was married off.

After her return to Serbia, she took her place at her already widowed brother's side as his comforter and trusted advisor. However, she never lived at court but instead had her own residence in the courtyard of Belgrade.

She was extremely popular, respected, and valued in her homeland. Even during her lifetime, the Serbs referred to her as “Esther” due to her sacrificial marriage to a persecutor of the Christians.

During her stay in Dubrovnik, it is plausible she met with her sister and brother-in-law, Sandalj Hranic, though some historians believe she was there for diplomatic reasons, possibly to acquire information on her brother-in-law to inform her younger brother; the now Despot Stefan Lazarevic.

In 1427, her younger brother passed away, but this did not end her influence. Soon after, she acted as an advisor to her nephew, Durad Brankovic, and from 1430 onwards, moved with his family to Smederevo, the new capital.

Murad II, the Ottoman Sultan at the time, must have believed that since Stefan Lazarevic had died without any children to proclaim as heir, then the state should pass from Stefan to his step-grandmother, Olivera, and thus to himself.

As a result of this situation and threat to their state, historians believe it was Despina who planned Mara Brankovic's marriage to Murad in order to prevent the Ottomans from advancing. And thus, the marriage was concluded in 1435 in the Ottoman capital.

Though this marriage, unlike Olivera's own marriage, did not prevent Ottoman expansion in Serbia.

In 1441, while her nephew Durad was in exile, she traveled from Dubrovnik to Bar, where it is believed she was able to convey secret diplomatic letters to her nephew.

Later Life

Nothing is known about the later life of Despina from 1443 onwards; they lost track of her.

The last time she is mentioned alive is in a 1443 document, in which her sister, Jelena, names her as her executor in her will. She left money to Despina in order to build a burial place for her and to distribute some of the money to the poor.

After this, nothing more is recorded; it is unknown when, where, and how she died.

Issue

Unkown Hatun

Pasa Melek Hatun

Oruz/Uruz Hatun

( Sources: Osmanlı Sarayı’nda Bir Sırp Prenses/ Mileva Olivera Lazarevic by Mustafa Çağhan Keskin, КЋЕРИ КНЕЗА ЛАЗАРА ИСТОРИЈСКА СТУДИЈА ПОГОВОР by Jelka Redep, Dve srpske sultanije : Olivera Lazarevic (1373-1444) : Mara Brankovic (1418-1487) by Nikola Giljen, “КЋЕРИ КНЕЗА ЛАЗАРА ИСТОРИЈСКА СТУДИЈА ПОГОВОР” by Jelka Redep, Dve srpske sultanije : Olivera Lazarevic (1373-1444) : Mara Brankovic (1418-1487) by Nikola Giljen, The European Sultanas of the Ottoman Empire by Anna Ivanova Buxton )

[tma-entity-song-poll]

Battle of the Fear Bands B1R4: The Spiral

The Distortionist:

This one was submitted twice, so I've added both pieces of propaganda below:

"Very Michael coded- a song about distortion and mirrors and nothing being what it seems."

"Just look at it okay. The title is perfect. The song itself is about a person who uses lies to get what they want and tries to cover up the cracks with more and more lies as it falls apart around them. The music video shows their body physically twisted around to visually show their twisting of the truth. And, of course, the wonderful lyrics, "Madness, it's madness/ Oh it's sickening, it's sickening/ You know, it's unfair, it's unfair/ How you distorted my reflection" which just screams Spiral."

Red Signal:

"A song about reality just completely falling apart."

Lyrics below the cut!

The distortionist:

(Something doesn't quite line up) Tears laced with cyanide flow through the cracks of a Mirror shattered long ago

And sure, I'm the one who swung the metal bat But hey, I can't control the urge! Nobody's gonna blame me for that

Impossible, impossible

Twist 'n turn it right around The details never safe or sound The truth projected through a lens with nothing proving otherwise

Now, take the time to realize, despite what you believe The victim of a massacre was none other than poor me

Surely you can see the problem I don't wanna lose my own reflection A deplorable perception of me Was none other than an image of you

(One, two, three, wait)

You're making a wreck of broken glass and leaving me a fuckin' mess! Bending light in a way that shows exactly how the story goes

Whimsical, dear, your lies are clear, now, who the hell would've ever guessed? Play my games and abide my ways, there's no way you can compensate

A monster, monster, monster, monster Now, run away, run away, run away I- I'm a monster, monster, monster, monster Now, run away, run away, run away Now, you're the monster

A glimmer of betrayal Changes my mind The odds against your favor, forever

Ignorant atrocities and colorless apologies This isn't what it looks to be I'm not as cruel as you see me

Take the time to realize, despite what you may see The mirrors cracked themselves and I was cut on the broken shards, and how I bled

Stuck in a spotlight brighter than the smile no one ever saw Bending light in a way that shows the truth that left our friends in awe

Whimsical, dear, your lies are clear, now, who the hell would've ever guessed? Play my games and abide my ways, there's no way you can compensate

Madness, it's madness Oh-ho, it's sickening, it's sickening You know it's unfair, it's unfair How you distorted my reflection

In all this madness, it's madness Oh-ho, it's sickening, it's sickening You know it's unfair, it's unfair How you distorted my reflection You know it's too late

You're lost in a world of funhouse mirrors, twisted for eternity Bending light in a way that shows refraction of hypocrisy

Whimsical, dear, your lies are clear, now, who the hell would've ever guessed? Play my games and abide my ways, there's no way you can compensate (One, two, three, break)

Tears laced with cyanide flow through the cracks of a Mirror shattered long ago

And sure, I'm the one who swung the metal bat But hey, I can't control the urge! Nobody's gonna blame me for that

(One, two, three, break)

Red Signal:

Y'AI 'NG'NGAH, YOG-SOTHOTH H'EE-L'GEB F'AI THRODOG UAAAH OGTHROD AI'F GEB'L-EE'H YOG-SOTHOTH 'NGAH'NG AI'Y ZHRO

[Another minute of chanting]

And the walls begin to tear. Not the walls of the train, but those of a false and hollow reality, twisting in its thrall to Yog Sothoth, the key and the gate through whose cascading rainbow being the train has passed. Yog Sothoth who is the Bifrost, and whose dread invocation now shattered, drags them towards the roiling nuclear chaos of the mad deamon sultan at the centre of reality. A billion screaming squamous things approach, oozing and crawling through the shattered tatters of a sane world. All the doors are open now.​

[nsfwmiamiart]

Incoming Text for Salma Hayek: @salmahayek and Christina Santini: @santinihoudini and Penélope Cruz: @penelopecruzoficial and Charlize Theron: @charlizeafrica Read this letter:

Subject:“Understanding the Structure and Governance of Muslim Royal Families”

Dear Readers,

I encourage you all to take some time to study the following Wikipedia pages about the Saudi Arabian Royal Family. It is essential to understand the structure, rules, and regulations of a Muslim royal family, especially how they manage the many descendants, handle succession, and follow Islamic laws in their governance. This knowledge will greatly help in understanding how the Somali Royal Family will be managed, as Somalia is a Muslim country, and we must respect and abide by Islamic principles.

Here are the key links for your reference:

House of Saud – click on the blue link

Descendants of Ibn Saud – click on the blue link

Succession to the Saudi Arabian throne – click on the blue link

Sudairi Seven – click on the blue link

King of Saudi Arabia – click on the blue link

Please review these pages carefully, as they will provide valuable insights into how Muslim royal families are traditionally managed and the importance of adhering to Islamic laws.

Best regards, Angelo Crown Prince and Future Sultan Somali Royal Family

P.S.:

Watch this documentary:

House of Saud -- Saudi Arabia Documentary

[fathimaglobo]

Looking for CCTV Installers in Oman? Choose Aries Oman

Security is no longer a luxury in today's fast-paced era—it's a necessity. You may be protecting your home, office, retail store, or industrial unit, and having the backup of a trusted surveillance system can make all the difference. And for professional-quality CCTV installation and monitoring solutions in the Sultanate, there is one name that shines with quality, reliability, and expertise: Aries Oman.

Selecting the proper CCTV installer is as crucial as selecting the equipment itself. With a market flooded with substandard devices and untrained technicians, investing in a professional crew guarantees your investment delivers as promised. If you need intelligent surveillance solutions that are future-proofed and custom-fit to suit your requirements, Aries Oman is the business partner you can count on.

Why CCTV is Essential in Oman’s Modern Landscape

Oman has experienced a fast pace of development in infrastructure, business, and urbanization. With this development comes the requirement of increased security—both public and private. From Muscat's business districts to industrial areas in Sohar and Salalah, CCTV security is instrumental in:

Preventing theft and vandalism

Tracking employee productivity and workplace safety

Increasing community and residential security

Offering crucial evidence in event of incidents

Facilitating 24/7 monitoring in sensitive areas

Whether you are a homeowner seeking security for your possessions or a businessman seeking peace of mind, a properly installed CCTV system is an intelligent and worthwhile investment.

What Makes Aries Oman the Right Choice?

Aries Oman, a part of the highly acclaimed Aries Group, offers years of experience and state-of-the-art technology to the electronic security systems sector. Their qualified engineers and certified technicians provide tailored solutions for all types of industries, including retail and hospitality, marine, oil & gas, and residential buildings.

Here's why Aries Oman is the preferred option for installing CCTV systems in the region:

1. Tailored Security Solutions

No two spaces are the same—and Aries gets that. They start with a thorough site survey and risk assessment to create a CCTV system tailored to your individual layout, security issues, and budget. 

2. Latest CCTV Technology

From night vision and high-definition IP cameras to remote mobile access and AI-powered facial recognition, Aries Oman installs systems that leverage the most advanced security tech. Whether you require a basic surveillance solution or sophisticated multi-location solution, they've got you covered.

3. Professional Installation

Correct positioning, cabling, and configuration are essential for CCTV systems to be effective. Aries makes sure each component is installed to international standards, providing maximum coverage with minimal blind spots.

4. 24/7 Support and Maintenance

A good CCTV system doesn't end at installation. Aries Oman offers constant technical support, maintenance, and system upgrades, so your surveillance is always sharp and reliable.

5. Compliance and Certification

As a well-known service provider, Aries abides by local laws and global standards, hence the best option for businesses looking for documented security compliance.

Who Can Benefit from Aries Oman’s CCTV Services?

Homeowners who want to monitor their house remotely

Retailers safeguarding inventory and tracking foot traffic

Corporates requiring surveillance between floors and buildings

Warehouses and logistics companies securing huge spaces

Schools and hospitals securing safety for employees and guests

With their versatile approach, Aries Oman offers solutions that scale with your security needs.

Conclusion: Trusted CCTV Installers in Oman – Aries Oman

If you’re looking for CCTV installers in Oman who deliver professionalism, cutting-edge technology, and unmatched customer support, look no further than Aries Oman.

Their proficiency in designing and installing tailored surveillance systems renders them the preferred provider of residential, commercial, and industrial clients throughout the Sultanate. Secure your space smartly—opt for Aries Oman to have peace of mind that will not fade.

[pazaryerigundem]

Türk Dünyası'nın ortak mirası Bornova’da yaşatılacak

https://pazaryerigundem.com/haber/221745/turk-dunyasinin-ortak-mirasi-bornovada-yasatilacak/ -

Türk Dünyası'nın ortak mirası Bornova’da yaşatılacak

Yeni Azerbaycan Partisi Milletvekili Vuqar İskenderov, Bornova Belediye Başkanı Ömer Eşki’yi ziyaret ederek Kazım Dirik Mahallesi’nde yapımı süren Abide-i Hürriyet Meydanı’nda incelemelerde bulundu.

İZMİR (İGFA) – Başkan Eşki, Türk tarihine ışık tutacak bu meydanda 18 Türk Devleti’nin kurucuları ve önemli tarihi figürlerin yer alacağını belirtti. 27 Nisan’daki açılış törenine Prof. Dr. İlber Ortaylı ve CHP Parti Sözcüsü Deniz Yücel gibi önemli isimler katılacak. Açılış, Halk TV’nin sevilen programı Serhan Asker ile Görkemli Hatıralar’da canlı olarak yayınlanacak.

Bornova Belediye Başkanı Ömer Eşki, Yeni Azerbaycan Partisi Milletvekili Vuqar İskenderov’u makamında ağırladı. Ziyaretin ardından, Başkan Eşki ve dost Azerbaycan heyeti, Turan Azerbaycan Ulusal Gazetesi İmtiyaz Sahibi Kamala Nasibova ile Yaşar Üniversitesi’nin bitişiğinde yapımı süren ve 27 Nisan Pazar günü açılışı gerçekleştirilecek olan Abide-i Hürriyet Parkı ve Meydanı’nda incelemelerde bulundu.

BİRLİK, TARİH VE ÖZGÜRLÜK MESAJI

Başkan Eşki, 2700 metrekarelik alanda hayata geçirilen meydan projesine ilişkin; “Tanzimat’ı kaldırmak için sahnelenen gerici 31 Mart Vakası’nda hayatını kaybedenleri anmak ve Türk tarihinin mücadeleci ruhunu yaşatmak amacıyla bu projeyi hayata geçirdik” dedi. Meydan, 18 Türk Devleti’nin kurucularından İttihat ve Terakki öncülerine, Atatürk’ten Fatih Sultan Mehmet’e ve Truva’nın efsanevi komutanı Hektor’a uzanan tarihsel figürlerin yer alacağı adeta bir açık hava müzesi niteliği taşıyor.

 KARDEŞLİK VURGUSU VE ORTAK GELECEK

Milletvekili Vuqar İskenderov ise “Azerbaycan ile Türkiye arasında sadece siyasi değil, gönülden gelen güçlü bir bağ var. Bornova’da tarihimizi yaşatmaya yönelik böyle anlamlı bir projeye tanıklık etmekten büyük gurur duyuyorum” diye konuştu.

Başkan Eşki de kardeşlik vurgusu yaparak, “Bu topraklarda yalnızca geçmişi değil, ortak geleceğimizi de inşa ediyoruz. Azerbaycanlı dostlarımızı her zaman Bornova’da görmekten mutluluk duyarız” ifadelerini kullandı.

AÇILIŞTA TARİHİ BULUŞMA

27 Nisan Pazar günü saat 10.00’da gerçekleşecek açılışa; ünlü tarihçi Prof. Dr. İlber Ortaylı, CHP Parti Sözcüsü Deniz Yücel ve çok sayıda davetli katılacak. Bölge Metro istasyonu, Yaşar Üniversitesi, Tepecik Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Bornova Ek Hizmet Binası yanında bulunan meydanın açılışı, Halk TV ekranlarında Serhan Asker ile Görkemli Hatıralar programında canlı olarak yayınlanacak.

[homestay78]

Top 10 things to do if you stay in Hyderabad

Not only the historic touch of Nizams and the origin of Pearls make Hyderabad a special place but also the perfect blend of royal rein, culturally diverse people, some amazing biryani, the filmi touch of “Ramoji” and a lot more.

Come let’s explore.

Experience the taste of Hyderabadi Biryani

The most important thing to begin with and our personal favorite is FOOD. The Hyderabad Biryani has its roots following back to the Mughal Times when Aurangzeb was ruling the Deccan part of the country. Hyderabad mixed its own flavor with the Mughal Biryani before introducing the delicacy to the kitchens of the Nizams. The whole of the nation craves “THE HYDERABADI BIRYANI”  and some of the famous chains include Biryaniwala & Co, Paradise, Café Bahar, Bawarchi, Shadab ki Biryani, etc.

The famous saying in Hindi goes like “agar Hyderabad aa kar biryani nahi khaya toh kya khaya” (If you came to Hyderabad and did not have biryani, then there’s no point coming to Hyderabad). Street Food is a must here too.  Hyderabad is one of the very few cities in India serving 99 versions of Dosa (Ram ki bandi is a famous late-night place for dosa). When Ramzan comes, it’s also time for some haleem, which is available on the street at very decent prices. Then, of course, are the kebabs, tempting you every evening at street corners.

Reign of Royalty in the heart of Deccan

The hospitable nature of Hyderabad is evident through the word of mouth publicity all across the globe. Back in 2015, it was regarded as the World’s Second Best Place as per the annual guide of the Traveler Magazine of National Geographic. The Falaknuma Palace is the epitome of luxury and royalty of Nizams. The exterior is Italian in nature with European calligraphy. Come and dine in at the world’s largest dining table at the Falaknuma Palace also known as The Buckingham Palace of Hyderabad.

Even The Chowmahalla Palace holds the majestic touch of hospitality, where the Hyderabadi Nizams used to hold grand events in honor of their guests including imperial emissaries and British Viceroys during the reign of Asaf Jha dynasty. This Heritage of India has a striking resemblance to the Shah of Iran’s Palace in architecture. Such is the magnificence of the Chowmahalla Palace that historians tend to compare it with a “Palace of Arabian Nights”.

Ramadan Festivity Mania brings the crowd

With the Charminar during Ramzan, the life of the city lights up. The old city’s charm is lit during this season with food and a hub of shoppers during Ramzan.  The late-night market has a glimpse of glittery bangles, haleem, Irani chai, Mehendi and innumerable vendors. All these mini festivities can be found in Lad Bazaar, Patther Gatti and Chatta Bazaar. Even Sewaiyyan and Attars with genuine essence can be found during Ramadan.

The Shopping Spree

A must-visit budgeted shopping place is the Sultan Bazaar in Hyderabad. Varieties of clothes, accessories, and household items can be found here. Books and stationery goods are also available at cheap prices in the shops in this area. Even food and vegetables and silver antiques can be bought from Sultan Bazar.  Laad Bazaar, General Bazaar, Koti, and Abids are also good shopping streets.

Sightseeing at a glance

Charminar is a representative of Hyderabad to the world as its global icon. A monument and mosque in one, it is one of the biggest tourist attractions in Hyderabad. Tombs of the Qutub Shahi Dynasty – the epitome of royal grandeur and Golkonda Fort’s architectural aesthetic is worth a watch. Though there are many historic landmarks, these happen to be the “once a visit historic structures of  Hyderabad”. Want to have a look at the film sets of the movies you have been watching from childhood and till the present? then Ramoji Film City is your go-to go corner.

Tech Hub of Hyderabad – High Tech City

Other than fun and amusement, all the biggies like Infosys, Tech Mahindra, Google, and ICICI have their host desks located at the High Tech City. Even the large-scale startups find room for themselves here. The infrastructure along with the touch of technology with a posh locality is attractive to techies and auditors. All major tech companies now look forward to setting their footprints in this area of the city.

Queen’s Necklace Spotted

The necklace road next to the Hussain Sagar Lake with the 18-meter high statue of Lord Buddha on a small island in the middle of the waters is simply amazing. It is beautiful to watch on a night drive. The curvy stretch along the lake brings a sparkling gaze to our eyes from a helicopter view. For a better and broader connection of the likes, you can just relate it with Mumbai’s Marine Drive.

The Taste of Irani Chai

The Persian touch of Irani Chai is the morning starter for old city Hyderabadis. It’s variations include Khade Chammach ki Chai and Burkhe Wali Chai. The name itself suggests the uniqueness of Hyderabad culture. Apart from those, there are different kinds of tea powders sold by vendors across the regions of the city. This will certainly keep you hooked up with the memories of this place even you have moved to a different region.

Experience the uniqueness of Hyderabadi Culture

Hyderabad has a blend of Telugu people and Hyderabadi Muslims. People speak Telugu and/or Urdu mostly. The Hyderabadi Hindi is significantly different from how North Indians speak Hindi as it’s a mix of Urdu and Telugu etymology. Because of its geography, it has a blend of both Hindu and Muslim cultures and it’s defined as the Ganga JamunaTehzeeb. Its main attires include kurta pyjama for men, salwar kameez burkha and hijab for women. While the most epic language of Hyderabadi culture can be seen in the Hyderabadi movies produced for a local audience.

“Hyderabad mein aisich chaltha. Kya Tho bhi Bolthe Tum logaan”.

Live like a Nawab in Hyderabadi Homestays

Nowhere else can you be better to live the lifestyle of a local other than in a homestay. The local family can help you with the city’s happenings and surroundings in a much better way.

Need a budgeted home-like vibe place to stay in Hyderabad? Consider Eden Homestay for finding the perfect local hosts. Spend reasonable amounts on your experiences and create memories instead of on a living cost. Keep it low-key yet make it look lavish.

Planning to visit Hyderabad and want to check out the properties* NOW!

Here you go:https://edenhomestay.co/

*discounts available on longer period bookings

https://edenhomestay.co/top-10-things-to-do-if-you-stay-in-hyderabad/

[petertowerblock]

thenationalnews.com

18th March 2014

Poster campaign to drive home child-safety message in high-rises

Building regulations are not enough to protect children from falling out of windows and balconies, experts and officials have said. ABU DHABI // A poster campaign in the city’s high-rises aims to drive home the danger of children playing near balconies or unguarded windows: ADCP recently installed child-safety locks on some of its high-rise properties in a bid to prevent children falling. Deepthi Unnikrishnan / The National photo: The municipality and police want all adults to be vigilant about the dangers of children falling from buildings in the targeted poster campaign. They are planning to put posters in front of the lifts in tower blocks with information on how to contact authorities about problems in their homes that could result in children falling, said Abdulaziz Zurub, director of health, safety, and environment at Abu Dhabi Municipality. “We believe strongly that we will receive a lot of calls from these families to support them,” he said. “In the future we will have, inshallah, zero kids falling down.” A nine-year-old Syrian girl fell to her death from the eighth floor of her family's Hamdan Street apartment earlier this month. In Sharjah on Monday, police said a four-year-old boy had died after falling from a window. But building codes and regulations are not enough, Mr Zurub said. Responsibility lies with families and others in the community. “The main point here is that all parties have to work hard to avoid such occurrences,” he said. The municipality does not have records of how many falls have taken place in recent years or whether they have decreased since new regulations were passed in 2012. Figures on how many landlords have faced penalties for breaches of saftey rules were unavailable. As recently as early this year, at least one company – Abu Dhabi Commercial Properties – was still installing locks in buildings to comply with the rules. The city requires landlords who own residential buildings to instal safety measures, such as locks on windows that open more than 10 centimetres and are less than 1.5 metres above the floor. The devices used must abide by certain safety standards and should be in line with the relevant building codes or international equivalents. Officials have carried out random inspections for this and other safety regulations with Abu Dhabi Civil Defence, said Eissa Al Mansoori, acting building permits director at the municipality.”It’s not the only safety issue we’re facing,” Mr Al Mansoori said. Mr Zurub said that during inspections authorities found parents had furniture beside the windows or had sliding doors a child could easily open. “It’s not acceptable,” he said. Dubai requires a 90cm railing on balconies, said Sultan Suwaidi, head of Dubai Municipality’s public safety section. In Sharjah, windows in new buildings must be at least 1.2m off the floor and older properties should have devices preventing them from opening more than 10cm. Reshma Muhazil lives with her family in a building in Madinat Zayed that has sliding-glass windows about 1.1m from the floor. Ms Muhazil, 25, from Kolkata, said she became very scared about the safety of her 10-month-old daughter after she watched an YouTube video of a child falling from a high rise. “I don’t let her close to the window at all,” she said. “I don’t open the window.” Educators, officials and paediatricians should spread awareness about the risks, said Dr Taisser Atrak, head of the Mafraq Hospital paediatrics department, who has campaigned on child safety issues. Health authorities in Abu Dhabi have made a home-safety brochure, he said, that should be available “in every clinic and every school and every high-rise building”. “These aggressive campaigns will make a difference,” he said. “No child should fall from any building, anywhere.” https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/health/poster-campaign-to-drive-home-child-safety-message-in-high-rises-1.327203

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 10.10. (before 1960)

19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to leave the province. 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark. 1492 – The crew of Christopher Columbus's ship, the Santa Maria, attempt a mutiny. 1575 – Roman Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise, defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others. 1580 – Over 600 Papal troops land in Ireland to support the Second Desmond Rebellion. 1760 – In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname – descended from escaped slaves – gain territorial autonomy. 1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 kills 20,000–30,000 in the Caribbean. 1814 – War of 1812: The United States Revenue Marine attempts to defend the cutter Eagle from the Royal Navy. 1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 students. 1846 – Triton, the largest moon of the planet Neptune, is discovered by English astronomer William Lassell. 1868 – The Ten Years' War begins against Spanish rule in Cuba. 1903 – The Women's Social and Political Union is founded in support of the enfranchisement of British women. 1911 – The day after a bomb explodes prematurely, the Wuchang Uprising begins against the Chinese monarchy. 1913 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, completing major construction on the Panama Canal. 1918 – RMS Leinster is torpedoed and sunk by UB-123, killing 564, the largest loss of life on the Irish Sea. 1920 – The Carinthian plebiscite determines that the larger part of the Duchy of Carinthia should remain part of Austria. 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the Republic of China. 1933 – A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed by sabotage, the first such proven case in the history of commercial aviation. 1935 – In Greece, a coup d'état ends the Second Hellenic Republic. 1938 – Abiding by the Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia completes its withdrawal from the Sudetenland. 1945 – The Double Tenth Agreement is signed by the Communist Party and the Kuomintang about the future of China. 1954 – The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Sultanate of Muscat, Neil Innes, sends a signal to the Sultanate's forces, accompanied with oil explorers, to penetrate Fahud, marking the beginning of Jebel Akhdar War. 1957 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to Ghanaian finance minister Komla Agbeli Gbedemah after he is refused service in a Delaware restaurant. 1957 – The Windscale fire results in Britain's worst nuclear accident.

[reallifesultanas]

Lets talk about Ümmügülsüm Sultan

There is a chance, that Kösem and Ahmed had another daughter together: Ümmügülsüm.

I am so glad, that with Anonymous sender and Ottomanladies, the truth came to light. Ottomanladies answered very long and very detailed about Ümmügülsüm, she shared her thoughts about the topic, now, here, you can find a conclusion from me:

What we know:

A privy purse register from 1622 gives the names of five unmarried princesses, who may be daughters of Ahmed, Osman II, and even Mehmed III: Umm-i Külsum(=Ümmügülsüm), Hanzade, Halime, Fatma, and Akile. Hanzade and Fatma were Kösem's daughters; Akile is possibly mistaken for Atike or Abide; Halime might be Mehmed III's daughter, named after her mother, Halime. But Ümmügülsüm was less clear.

The relazione of Angelo Alessandri from 1637 says that Murad IV had four FULL-sisters. We know three of them: Ayse, Fatma, and Hanzade. But who could be the fourth? Gevherhan was already dead, Atike was well-knownly not a full-sister and also not Abide. Maybe Ümmügülsüm?

There are some decisions and letters of Murad IV, where he mentions Ümmügülsüm as a sister of his. He uses the same wording that he used for Ayse, who undoubtedly was his full-sister, suggesting Ümmügülsüm was also a full-sister of his.

The 1638/39 harem registers mention one Ümmügülsüm Sultan who received the highest payments besides the three already known daughters of Kösem (Ayse, Fatma, Hanzade) and two daughters of Murad III. This means she could be either the daughter of Murad III or Ahmed I. But since Ahmed I's other daughter, Atike - who was not Kösem's - got a lesser stipend, if Ümmügülsüm is Ahmed I's daughter, she had to be Kösem's daughter too and so she is the fourth full-sister of Sultan Murad IV.

In 1648 the Raguzan envoy also mentions her (possibly her as they use the name Iumi), as the wife of Ahmed Pasha, governor of Herzegovina. They probably married ~1642 until the pasha's death in 1648. This was her second marriage, her first husband was one Halil Pasha, with whom she married before 1638.

In book ''Whisper of the cities'' one Ümmühan Sultan is mentioned as she met with the English ambassador's wife. Based on her, Ümmühan was said to be the aunt of deposed Mehmed IV and sister of Ibrahim I. This happened in 1690, so she still was alive then.

There are still questions:

Why no historian ever discovered this information as none of the evidence is new?

Why Ümmi is not mentioned among Ahmed I's children?

Where is she buried? *

When was she born? *

Why Ibrahim did not force her to serve Telli Hümasah (his wife) when he did it to all of the other daughters of Kösem?

To be honest the burial place of Ahmed I is quite a mess. For example there are two sarcofagies for 'Zeynep' daughters of Ahmed I. One of the sarcofagies stands for an adult woman. There was no daughter of Ahmed, called Zeynep who reached adulthood. So maybe the name is mistaken and that Ümmügülsüm. Maybe she was buried somewhere else as she lived a quite long life, survivin everyone around her and her grave is not idetified yet.

Considering the known children of Kösem and their birth date, the most possible for Ümmügülsüm is that she was born during the late reign of Ahmed I. In 1605 Kösem gave birth to Mehmed; in 1606 or 1607 to Ayse; then in 1607 or 1608 to Fatma; in 1609 to Hanzade. While I see that there is a gap here for one more child (if Kösem got pregnant extremely rapidly), she cannot be older than Fatma, as she was also not married off in 1622 yet, and also since we know quite precisely the sequence of these daughters, I do not think another one was born here but no one knows about her. It would be strange. Then in 1612, she gave birth to Murad, but between him and Hanzade there was time for another child - let it be Selim who was born in 1611 or Ümmügülsüm. Then Kasim followed Murad quite quickly, he was born in 1614, and then Ibrahim came in 1615, so there was no time for anyone else between Murad and Ibrahim. After 1615 there is another chance for the birth of Ümmügülsüm. So she either was born after Hanzade (~1611), or after Ibrahim (~1616). Either way - considering she was not just still alive in 1690, but was surely not suffering, dying since she was involved in the diplomacy meeting - she possibly died in the 1690s, she very probably reached 80 maybe even more in the end.

[ottomanladies]

There is one very mysterious Sultana, who was named Asûde.

There are two documents of her waqf from 1618 and 1634, when she was recorded as ''late'' in both years.

1618:

Âsûde Sultan Vakfı’na ait çifte hamamın tamir keşfi

Mahmiye-i İstanbul’da vâki‘ merhûm Âsûde Sultan vakfına bi’l-fi‘l mütevellî olan Mehmed Ağa b. Mustafa meclis-i şer‘-i şerîfde sevk-i kelâm edip, vakf-ı mezbûrdan olup mahmiye-i merkūmede el-Hâc Küçük mahallesinde vâki‘ çifte hamamın hazînesi yarılıp ve dolabı bozulup ve külhanının taşları tecdîd olunmak lâzım olup ve ba‘zı yerleri meremmete muhtâc olmağın, bundan akdem kıbel-i şer‘den nâ’ib ve muhammin ile üzerine varılıp imâret ve meremmeti için dokuz bin kırk beş akçe tahmîn olunup mâl-ı vakf ile ta‘mîrine izin verilmişdi. Lâkin hazînesinin ziyâde yarıkları zuhûr edip ve tahmîn olunandan gayrı nice mevâzi‘i meremmet olunmağla meblağ-ı merkūm kifâyet etmeyip, cem‘an on sekiz bin elli akçe harcım olmuşdur. El-hâletü hâzihî kıbel-i şer‘den üzerine varılıp mertebe-i tahammülü ta‘yîn olunmak taleb ederim dedikde, savb-ı şer‘den Mevlânâ Mahmud irsâl olunup ve hâssa mi‘mârlardan Üstâd Mustafa ve Üstâd Ali ve zeyl-i kitâbda esâmisi mastûr olan Müslimîn ile mahall-i mezbûra vardıklarında, mi‘mârân-ı mezbûrân hamam-ı merkūmun ta‘mîr olunan mevâzi‘ini tahmîn edip, zikr olunan hazînenin meremmetine yedi bin altı yüz kırk akçe ve löklerine dört yüz akçe ve tahtadan ustura halvetine dört yüz akçe ve dolab çarhına üç bin akçe ve döşeme için beş aded kayagan taşına yüz elli akçe ve altı aded mermer taşına doksan akçe ve külhana vaz‘ olunan dört aded taşa dört yüz seksen akçe ve avratlar hamamının kubbesi meremmetine bin iki yüz ve cehennemin tathîrine beş yüz akçe ve kapı tahtalarına ve direklerine dört yüz akçe ve hamam kızdırması için dört günde hark olunan oduna iki bin beş yüz akçe ve batalyasına sekiz yüz akçe cem‘an on sekiz bin elli akçe sarf u harc olunmuşdur. Meblağ-ı merkūma tahammül mukarrerdir deyû haber verip ve sâir bî-garaz Müslümanlar dahi vech-i meşrûh üzre icmâ‘ vü ittifâk ettiklerini mevlânâ-yı mûmâ-ileyh mahallinde tahrîr ve mahfil-i kazâda takrîr etmeğin, mâ hüve’l-vâki‘ gıbbe’t-taleb ketb ü tahrîr olundu. Tahrîr fi’l-yevmi’s-sâdis ve’l-ışrîn min Saferi’l-hayr li sene seb‘a ve ışrîn ve elf.

1634:

Vakf-ı Âsûde Sultan

Vakf-ı merhûme Âsûde Sultan, der-İstanbul, der-tahvîl-i Mehmed Efendi kāimmakām, gurre-i Muharrem sene 1044 ilâ-gāyeti Cemâziyelâhir sene-i minh.

Asl: 22.110

Makbûz: 19.950

Bâki: 2.160

Ani’l-mahsûlât

Mahsûl-i kıst-ı hamam-ı İlyas Beşe fî sitte eşhür: 13.000 Mahsûl-i hâne-i Hasan Yevm: 1 180 Mahsûl-i hâne-i evlâd-ı Arsla[n] Yahûdi Yevm: 7 fî sitte eşhür: 1.260 Mahsûl-i hâne-i Avraham fî şehr: 160 fî sitte eşhür: 960 Mahsûl-i Yakob Yahûdi fî şehr: 100 fî sitte eşhür: 600 Mahsûl-i Salomon Yahûdi, intikāl: 2.000 Mahsûl-i İlyas Beşe: 1.500 Mahsûl-i Hâne-i Salomon Fi şehr: 75 fî sene: 450 Mahsûl-i mukāta‘a-i zemîn: 2.160

Vuzi‘a min-zâlik: 17.250

El-mevâcib: 2.880

Mevâcib-i mütevellî Yevm: 10 fî sitte eşhür: 1.080 Mevâcib-i câbî Yevm: 5 900 Mevâcib-i kâtib Yevm: 4 fî sitte [eşhür]: 720 Mevâcib-i nâzır Yevm: 1 fî sitte eşhür: 180

Ani’l-ihrâcât: 14.370

Be-cihet-i harc-ı lâzıme: 4.000 Be-cihet-i edâ-i deyn: 11.170 Be-cihet-i harc-ı muhâsebe: 70 Be-cihet-i müteferrik: 130

El-bâkī: 4.860

Minhâ, der-zimmet-i Kemâloğlu Yahûdi: 2.160

Sahhe’l-bâkī: 2.700

Deyn-i vakf-ı İlyas Hammamî? vakf-ı mezbûr: 22.449 vakfı

--------------------

I firstly thought it was daughter of Murad III, because he had thirty daughters by 1595, so I assumed one was called like this, especially knowing some of them received undynastical common names, such as Saime, Abide...

But, then I found in source Mecmuâ-i tevârih by Ayvansarayi, on page 176:

ÂSÜDE SULTÂN : Sultân Selîm-i evvel zamanında mevcûd olup Âşık Paşa Câmî’i kurbünde müstakil kubbeli türbede defn olunup tâk-ı dergâhında olan manzûmede vâki’ târîh-i vefatı budur : Ruhuna rahmet sene 917 (1511/1512) ve kafiyesi dahi sene-i mezbûrede tescil olunmuştur. Kabri kurbünde bir mektep olup Ketencilerbaşı’nda vâki’ Sultân Hamamı anın vakfının musakkafatındandır.

-----------------

Was she actually one of unknown daughters of Bayezid II? Wet nurse who breastfed Bayezid II was called Asude, so it could easily be...

Whose daughter was she, of Murad III or Bayezid II, I am still not sure...

If it's true she lived "during the times of Sultan Selim" then she must have been related to Bayezid II in some way, not necessarily as one of his daughters.

[libidomechanica]

Untitled (“Why wrinkled by their own imperation”)

And herds unlike a golden fishes mostly snatch’d the world thirst he hill,

in sae fu’ o’ wae! A while everything again, an earth, weel, since these

are foiled, since what was, or every more neighbour time happy hair is fair

tongue in Autumn present her happy could cavil; rode beyond the nape

caught occupies above the knew I could although a sultan’s walls, and

yet t is something it crown on flies: it seem’d a good obscure, that gave,

who dare no reachery old negressed to move, my bruises a golden

garden. Long years, and never know abide to mar the worlds of all

no the spot. Will still reverse, I not ask, What Art me, and never to

hear ye leant to praised through. Why wrinkled by their own imperation.

[howieabel]

I am no accomplished scholar, Nor a judge, nor doctor of law; My heart neither hell desires, Nor my soul to heaven aspires. I do not fast as required, Nor am I the pure, praying kind. All I want is union with God I care not for the false or true --- God is not up there, my friends, Nor in the Kaaba does He reside; He is not in learned books, Nor inside the minaret He hides. He is not in Ganga, Jamuna, Nor He in Benaras abides. Don’t get lost in searching for Him. Find yourself a truthful guide!

SULTAN BAHU

[scorchieart]

Hi, Scorchie! I am very interested to hear your opinion on something. Have you watched the Turkish series "Magnificent Century"? If yes, how do you think the life of Chevalier Michel would have turned out if he were born in the Ottoman Empire and was the son of Sultan Suleiman? Since Chevalier is portrayed in the game as a cruel beast feared by everyone, even the late King, would Sultan also fear him and ultimately have him executed, as it happened to Mustafa? Or would Suleiman be proud of Chevalier, considering him a genius born once in a thousand years? As we learned from the series, the şehzades were obliged to live by the rules set by tradition and the will of the father-sultan, staying within their limits. In other words, all the Sultan's sons were to always live in the shadow of their father and act only with his approval. Would Chevalier, being a genius, abide by these rules or would he act like Mustafa? Is it possible that Chevalier would rebel against the Sultan in the future to overthrow him and rule the Empire himself? Given Chevalier's cruelty, I assume he would promptly kill all of his brothers. I am very curious to read your opinion on this matter or a detailed analysis. Feel free to ignore my request if you find it difficult to respond.

Hello there! This question gave me a shock when I first read it because last month my Turkish friend recommended the same series to me, and well... I still haven't started it 😅 (*ahem* I have a loooong watch list of shows)

My knowledge of the Ottoman Empire is rusty, but if this is meant to be the same Sultan Suleiman from history (a.k.a. the greatest sultan in the history of the empire) and the series follows that timeline, then I wouldn't think he would have Chevalier executed, but rather encouraged to explore his academic pursuits, unless Chevalier steps extremely out of line. The Ottoman Empire valued Islam as the focal point for many of its institutions, both inside and outside the family (government, justice system, education, family-life, etc.), and we know Chevalier to be a prince whose actions and decisions are always based on the protection and longevity of the kingdom (with very few exceptions), so personally I'd believe Chevalier would only rebel against the sultan if the sultan himself was the one who was acting corrupt or wasn't following the law. But again, this is Sultan Suleiman we're talking about, and his reign was defined by justice, integrity, military prowess, and religious tolerance. Also, if I recall correctly, Suleiman was an avid poet, so Chevalier would probably appreciate that, too.

Of course, if the series diverges from history, well then I can't make comment, and you can just toss out everything I wrote 🙊

In regard to a detailed analysis on Chevalier's possible behavior in the show, this is the best I can give at this time. But your ask is getting me thinking about analyzing Chevalier's reasons for not overthrowing the Rhodolitian King before he kicked the bucket, so a post like that may come up on my blog sometime in the future.