#Capital Region of Denmark

[travelella]

Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark

Carlos Tejada

[kaelula-sungwis]

Den Lille Havfrue ~ 9734 by @Wrightbesideyou Via Flickr: Den Lille Havfrue København 14.08.2019 16:28 CEST 24mm 1/3200 sec f/2.8 ISO 110 www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/little-mermaid-gdk586951

[stochastique-blog]

Im Human

Nyhavn Harbour, Copenhagen DENMARK by matic3

[fireandiceland]

Hetalia characters with dishes typical for their country - part 2 (part 1 here)

Spain: Paella de marisco (seafood paella) -> A surprisingly easy to make dish consisting of saffron infused rice with seafood. Other versions can also be made with meat from livestock (like the paella valenciana with chicken and rabbit) or be made vegetarian. The word "paella" is Valencian/Catalan and translates to "frying pan", the name of the dish originating from how it is traditionally cooked in a wide, shallow pan.

Prussia: Königsberger Klopse (königsberger dumplings) -> Named after the capital of East Prussia, these dumplings are made from minced vail, pork, or beef mixed with onions, eggs, and soaked white bread and cooked in saltwater. Some of the brewing water is then thickened into a sauce using roux, egg yolk and cream. It is traditionally served with boiled or mashed potatoes. Back then in Königsberg itself, the dish was known as Saure Klopse (sour dumplings).

South Italy: Pizza Margherita -> This flatbread made from leavened yeast dough topped with crushed tomatoes, mozzarella cheese and basil leaves. It is said to have earned it's name from appealing greatly to the Italian Queen Margherita when she tried the Neapolitan speciality, though newer reseach suggests that the name Margherita wasn't used until 40-50 years after the alleged incident.

Finland: Mustikkapiirakka (blueberry cake) -> Berries play a very important part in Finnish food culture, especially hand picked forest blueberries which are often turned into pastries and pies. A particularly popular pie is made with the pie crust eased into the tart tin with floured hands (not rolled out), then the blueberries and a custard filling are added and the cake baked until the top becomes golden-brown.

Sweden: Kannelbulle (cinnamon roll) -> Despite other Nordic countries claiming the invention of the sweet roll, very year on 4 October Sweden celebrates "Cinnamon Roll Day". A sheet of dough is covered in butter, sugar, and cinnamon, then rolled up and cut into the characteristic pieces. The are traditionlly baked in muffin wrappers and only dusted with sugar, they are lighter and less sweet than American cinnamon buns with icing.

Denmark: Flødeboller (cream puff) -> The fluffy, foamy inside of this treat is made from beaten egg whites mixed with sugar, dressed on a wafer and covered in chocolate. Often they are topped with coconut flakes, shredded almonds, or colourful sprinkles, making them a popular little "cake" for danish children to have for someone's birthday at school. They were first invented around 1800 in Denmark, but quickly became popular in France and Germany as well.

Norway: Kvæfjordkake (Kvæfjord cake) -> This sponge cake baked with meringue with almonds on top and then layered with vanilla or rum custard (sometimes mixed with whipped cream), is also dubbed the best cake in the world - Verdens beste. The name is based on the region it's inventer originates from. Starting in the 1930s as a variation of the kongekake ("king cake") with less almonds, as they were quite expensive, it is now a popular dessert for special celebrations.

Iceland: Rjómabollur (profiterole) -> A little sweet treat made from choux pastry filled with jam and whipped cream, the top dipped in chocolate and decorated with sprinkles. Traditionally, they are eaten on "Bun Day", the Monday before Ash Wednesday. Kids wake their parent up by smacking them with paper wands and every smack on the parent's bottom before their feet touch the ground translates into one bun which the parent owes to the child.

[tomorrowusa]

Sadly, a majority of Americans are almost completely ignorant about Eastern Europe. They probably don't know the difference between Budapest and Bucharest. (Spoiler: They are capitals of two non-Slavic countries in the region)

When Russia illegally annexed Crimea in 2014, Americans were surveyed on the location of Ukraine on an unlabeled map. Just 16% got it right. This map shows one dot for each response.

Yes, a couple of people thought Ukraine was in Memphis. Not sure what's up with those many folks who thought it is in Greenland. Maybe that's why Trump tried to buy it from Denmark.

In history in US classrooms almost nothing is mentioned about Eastern Europe that happened before the 20th century. This short list of items is typical.

A few (usually exotic) personalities like Ivan the Terrible, Vlad the Impaler, and Peter the Great.

Copernicus (real name: Mikołaj Kopernik) sorting out the Solar System. And that is actually more science than history.

The Siege of Vienna (1683). Vienna is not exactly in Eastern Europe but the siege was lifted by Polish King Jan III Sobieski.

A passing reference to Tsar Aleksandr II freeing the serfs – but only because it happened within two years of the Emancipation Proclamation.

So if you know almost nothing about the location and history of a country, you certainly won't understand its importance to international peace and security.

And that's the case with Ukraine which Putin sees simply as a piece in his country collection in his effort to restore the decrepit Soviet Union in all but name.

As Brendan Simms writes in his linked article up top...

It is worth reminding ourselves what is at stake. If Putin is not defeated and forced to withdraw from Ukraine, this will endanger much more than just the viability of that country. It will enable the Russians to reconstitute their forces facing the Baltic states and Finland, constituting a threat that we will have to face without support from Kyiv. The Ukrainians are thus fighting not only for their own sovereignty but our security as well. Their army is one of the best guarantors we have against future Russian aggression. All they ask is our help. We should give them what they need.

About those so called "red lines" we hear about from tankies and Trumpsters – those lines apparently don't really exist.

Robyn Dixon and Catherine Belton at the Washington Post write:

Ukraine’s resistance to Russia’s invasion keeps crossing President Vladimir Putin’s red lines. Kyiv’s lightning incursion into Kursk in western Russia this month slashed through the reddest line of all — a direct ground assault on Russia — yet Putin’s response has so far been strikingly passive and muted, in sharp contrast to his rhetoric earlier in the war. On day one of the invasion in February 2022, Putin warned that any country that stood in Russia’s way would face consequences “such as you have never seen in your entire history,” a threat that seemed directed at countries that might arm Ukraine. If Russia’s territorial integrity were threatened, “we will certainly use all the means at our disposal to protect Russia and our people. It’s not a bluff,” he said a few months later in September. “The citizens of Russia can be sure that the territorial integrity of our Motherland, our independence and freedom will be ensured — I emphasize this again — with all the means at our disposal,” making a clear reference to Russia’s nuclear weapons.

In other words, Putin has been bullshitting.

Ukraine’s Kursk incursion “proved the Russians are bluffing,” said Oleksandr Danylyuk, a former Ukrainian intelligence and defense official, now an associate fellow with the Royal United Services Institute, a think tank in London. “It shuts down all of the voices of the pseudo experts … the anti-escalation guys.”

Vladimir Putin can bluff only so much before people see that he's full of shit.💩 We're already past that point. His imperialist fantasies make him think that he's back in the Soviet Union and all he has to do is say something bellicose to get whatever he wants.

There are now Ukrainian troops on Russia's soil and over 133,000 refugees fanning out from the area telling other Russians of what's really going on near the border without censorship from Russian state media. The weaker Putin looks inside Russia, the sooner his invasion will end.

As I've said before, give Ukraine whatever weapons it wants – except nukes. Ukraine is doing NATO an enormous favor by keeping Putin at bay.

[blueiscoool]

Denmark Returns Bronze Head of Roman Emperor Septimius Severus to Turkey

Denmark’s Glyptotek museum will return to Turkey the bronze head of Roman Emperor Septimius Severus that it has had on display for more than 50 years, it said on Tuesday.

The announcement brings to an end an 18-month dispute with Ankara, which claims the piece was part of a statue looted during an archaeological dig.

“The Glyptotek has decided in favor of Turkey’s request to return the ancient bronze portrait,” the museum said in a statement.

A statue of the Roman emperor, who lived from AD 145 to 211, spent decades in the United States as part of a private collection that loaned it to New York’s Metropolitan Museum.

It was sent back to Turkey almost two years ago — minus the head.

Ankara said the missing head was in the Danish capital, on display at the Glyptotek in Copenhagen for over 50 years.

In 1979, a former museum curator said he believed that the head — acquired in 1970 without any information about its exact origins — corresponded to the decapitated statue in the US.

The two bronze pieces were reunited for an exhibition and examined by Turkish archaeologist Jale Inan.

Based on her conclusions, the Turkish embassy in Copenhagen then formally asked Denmark in May 2023 for the head to be returned, a request Copenhagen initially met with skepticism.

“I’m not saying that they don’t belong together. I’m just saying that we are not as sure as we perhaps were 25 to 30 years ago,” Glyptotek’s director of collections Rune Frederiksen told AFP at the time.

It has never been established beyond a doubt that the two pieces belong together, but the Danish museum has concluded that the head is from Bubon, a Roman site in Asia Minor, in the historic region of Lycia on what is now Turkey’s Mediterranean coast.

“Unique archaeological finds from Bubon have been sold illegally to collectors and museums around the world,” the head of the museum, Gertrud Hvidberg-Hansen, said in a statement on Tuesday.

“In recent years, many of these items, especially those held in collections in the United States, have been returned.”

“These factors have contributed to our decision to comply with the restitution request from Turkey,” she said.

[aus-wnt]

Matildas’ shootout win delivers biggest TV audience since Cathy Freeman

The Matildas have delivered another record-breaking night on and off the field with Saturday night’s penalty-shootout win over France becoming the most-viewed TV event in more than two decades.

The broadcast on Seven was viewed by an average audience of 4.23 million Australians, according to figures from ratings agency OzTAM.

The game’s original slot aired to a five-city metro audience of 2.507 million Australians, rising to 3.045 million during the penalty shoot-out, which ran into Seven’s news slot, with a further regional audience of 1.186 million.

The figure is set to swell even further as overnight OzTAM figures do not account for streaming viewers on Seven’s 7Plus app, which will be released later on Sunday.

The viewing figures eclipse any television broadcast of the past two decades, including AFL and NRL grand finals, Ash Barty’s Australian Open win in 2022 (viewed by 4.1 million), Australia’s 2003 Rugby World Cup loss against England, and Lleyton Hewitt’s 2005 Australian Open final loss.

While data was not tracked at the time by OzTAM, Cathy Freeman’s 400-metre final at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 is reported to have attracted 8.8 million television viewers, making it the most-watched Australian sporting event.

The game, played in front of a packed Brisbane crowd, ended in a stalemate after 90 minutes and extra time, going on to break another record, the longest-ever penalty shootout in both women’s and men’s World Cup history with 20 attempts.

Melbourne handed Seven the biggest share of its audience nationally, 984,000 tuning in from Victoria’s capital, narrowly ahead of Sydney on 931,000, while 513,000 watched from Brisbane.

The fanfare around the Matildas reached new highs this week, the AFL and its stadiums agreeing to air Optus Sport live streams in stadiums before and after Saturday’s fixtures, with crowds in stadiums continuing to watch the coverage as the shootout ran into the first quarter of a Melbourne and Carlton clash at the MCG.

The figure eclipses Monday’s round-of-16 game against Denmark, which was viewed by a metro audience of 2.294 million, and was then the biggest television audience of 2023.

Seven has sublicenced 15 games from Optus Sport, the tournament’s official broadcast partner. The record-breaking viewership figures making the deal a steal for Seven, which picked up for less than $5 million, according to a source with knowledge of the deal who was not permitted to speak publicly.

Optus Sport, the official broadcaster of the tournament on Sunday morning said the World Cup has delivered the platform’s biggest ever four-week period.

Clive Dickens, vice president of television, content and product development at Optus, said the result is a credit to the quality of athletes and football at the tournament.

“Three of the FIFA Women’s World Cup matches have jumped into the top five most-streamed games on Optus Sport, out of a total 6000 live matches in our history.

[cognitivejustice]

Denmark’s capital, Copenhagen, has launched a new initiative called CopenPay in an effort to promote sustainable tourism.

Tourists who choose to travel by public transport or bike without using cars or taxis will be rewarded with perks such as free coffee, museum admissions, and an extra 20 minutes' ski time on the slope of a heating plant.

“What we know is that there's a big gap between the tourists’ intention before [and after] they arrive and consume. We know that four out of five of us intend to act sustainably, but only one out of five of us actually does,” Mikkel Aarø-Hansen, CEO of Wonderful Copenhagen, the official tourism organisation of the Capital Region of Denmark, tells Euronews Green.

“Before we close that gap, we will not be able to create sustainable tourism. So the basic idea [of CopenPay] is to show people that climate actions are not that difficult. We can all do it. We all have a choice to act sustainably and climate-friendly. And there are many things we can do in Copenhagen to make a difference,” Aarø-Hansen adds.

[workersolidarity]

🇺🇸⚔️🇾🇪 🚨

U.S. AND COALITION FORCES LAUNCH STRIKES ON YEMEN, NO CHANGE FROM ANSAR ALLAH

📹 Scenes from the results of U.S. and coalition forces missile strikes in Sana'a, the Yemeni capital on Saturday at 11:50pm, launched by the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower along with forces from Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand and the Netherlands according to a statement from United States Central Command (CENTCOM).

According to CENTCOM, U.S forces launched "strikes against 18 Houthi targets in Iranian-backed Houthi terrorist-controlled areas of Yemen."

CENTCOM added that it targeted "areas used by the Houthis to attack international merchant vessels and naval ships in the region," and accuses Houthi attacks of "disrupting humanitarian aid bound for Yemen, harmed Middle Eastern economies, and caused environmental damage."

The United States has no comments on the environmental damage posed to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip where Israeli fighter jets have dropped 69'000 tons of explosives on civilians and infrastructure in Gaza, nor condemnation for Israel's ongoing genocide.

#source1

#source2

#videosource

@WorkerSolidarityNews

[ifreakingloveroyals]

Through the Years → Queen Mary of Denmark (905/∞) 19 August 2024 | King Frederik X of Denmark and Queen Mary of Denmark are wlcomed upon their arrival at Oesterlars Church in Gudhjem, during their visit of Bornholm Regional Municipality, on the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. The royal couple arrived on August 19 aboard the Royal Yacht Dannebrog in Roenne, capital of Bornholm. Ekkodalen (Echo Valley) is Bornholm's largest fissure valley, stretching about two km through Almindingen. (Photo by Pelle Rink/Ritzau Scanpix/AFP via Getty Images)

[travelella]

Frederiksborg Castle, Hillerød, Capital Region (Hovedstaden), Denmark

Édouard Bossé

[probablyasocialecologist]

Public provisioning systems have proved to be a powerful tool for poverty alleviation in many contexts. One 1986 study of health and education indicators found that at any given level of economic development, socialist countries performed better than capitalist states at securing strong welfare outcomes for their populations. These findings received further support from a 1993 study in the International Journal of Health Services, which found that high levels of democracy and strong leftwing policies were associated with improved health indicators. The public health researcher Vicente Navarro reached similar conclusions in his region-by-region survey of health outcomes in capitalist and socialist states. In Latin America, Cuba performed better than most other states; in Asia, China and the Soviet Union had stronger welfare outcomes than capitalist economies like India or Turkey; and in the high-income countries of Europe and North America, the social democracies with generous welfare states, including Sweden, Norway and Denmark, outperformed neoliberal states like the US. As the Nobel-winning economist Amartya Sen remarked in 1981, ‘One thought that is bound to occur is that communism is good for poverty removal.’

16 million and counting: the collateral damage of capital

[rabbitcruiser]

The Old Swiss Confederacy was formed with the signature of the Federal Charter on August 1, 1291.  

Swiss National Day  

Swiss  National Day, celebrated on August 1, is the country’s national  holiday. Although the Swiss Confederacy was founded on this date in 1891  and has been celebrated annually since 1899, it has only been an  official holiday since 1994. Switzerland is a mountainous Central  European country boasting several surreal lakes, villages, and the  majestic Alps peaks. Its cities have medieval quarters and landmarks,  such as the Zytglogge clock tower in Bern and the wooden chapel bridge  in Lucerne. Furthermore, the country is renowned for its excellent ski  resorts and adventurous hiking trails. Banking is an important industry,  and Swiss watches and chocolate are well known around the globe.

History of Switzerland National Day

Every  year on August 1, there are bonfires, paper lantern parades, fireworks,  and Swiss flags swaying in the breeze. Swiss National Day was first  established in 1891, yet it took more than a century for the hardworking  Swiss to decide to hold a vote and give themselves the day off.

Switzerland  is a mountainous landlocked country in South-Central Europe bordered by  Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Liechtenstein. With a geographic  area of 41,285 square kilometers, the country is slightly smaller than  the Netherlands and nearly twice the size of New Jersey in the United  States.

Switzerland has fewer than 8.7 million people; the capital  city is Bern, and the largest city is Zürich. German, French, Italian,  and Rumantsch are the languages spoken in the country’s several regions,  called cantons. According to the World Happiness Report 2021, the Swiss  Confederation is the third-happiest nation on the planet, trailing only  Finland and Denmark.

Geographically, the country is divided into  three primary regions: the Swiss Alps in the south, the Alps in the  north, and the Alps in the east. The Alps fade into the Swiss Plateau,  which has a panorama of rolling hills, plains, and huge lakes. The Jura,  a sub-alpine mountain range, lies to the northwest along the  French/Swiss border.

Almost the entire country is a vacation  destination. Switzerland features exquisite scenery with snow-capped  mountains and ice-cold mountain lakes, melting glaciers, and mountain  pastures that are ideal for downhill skiing in the winter. The  relatively small country has four official languages as well as the  world’s longest policy of military neutrality. The weather provides four  distinct seasons that dramatically alter the scenery.

Switzerland National Day timeline

1648 Swiss Independence from Roman Rule

The Swiss gain independence from the rule of the Holy Roman Empire.

1848 Constitutional Amendments

Switzerland is established as a federal state under a new constitution.

1971 Women Can Vote

With 66% of the vote, a referendum guaranteeing women the right to vote in federal elections is approved.

2002 U.N. Membership

Switzerland  becomes a member of the United Nations, an intergovernmental  organization dedicated to world peace and economic growth.

Switzerland National Day FAQs

Is English spoken in Switzerland?

English is the most widely spoken non-national language in Switzerland, with over 45% of the population frequently speaking it.

What is Switzerland well known for?

When  we think of Switzerland, we immediately think of ski resorts, lakes,  chocolate, and cheese. The Alps mountains provide the ideal backdrop for  Swiss people to raise cattle and create cheese and chocolate. They also  make excellent ski trails and winter resorts.

What is the reason behind Switzerland's lack of capital?

Switzerland,  unlike many other countries, did not have a genuine capital for many  years. This was because it was a confederation for a long time, an  association of separate cantons gathered together in a bigger body but  without true cohesiveness.

Switzerland National Day Activities

Organize a family reunion

Participate in prayers and singing

Fly the Swiss flag

Celebrate  by organizing large family reunions and barbecues. Communities  throughout Switzerland mark the anniversary with bonfires, fireworks,  and parades.

Prayer  and the singing of the Swiss anthem are part of the official  festivities (the Schweizerpsalm). Church bells sound around the country  at 8:00 p.m.

No Swiss National Day celebration is complete without the Swiss flag. Wear the red and white with pride!

5 Interesting Facts About Switzerland

The Swiss Wed Late

There are 7,000 lakes in Switzerland

The right to bear arms

Diminutive

The Lowest Obesity Rate in Europe

A U.N. survey lists the average marriage age among Swiss people as 29.5 for females and 31.8 for males.

Switzerland's lakes are excellent for swimming and there are plenty to pick from.

Switzerland boasts one of the highest gun ownership rates among industrialized countries.

Switzerland has a land area of 15,942 square miles and a population of 8.67 million people.

Switzerland is a fantastic place to live a healthy lifestyle.

Why We Love Switzerland National Day

Celebrating Swiss culture

Celebrating the fight for independence

Inspiration for the future

Swiss  National Day is a celebration of Swiss achievement and excellence. The  observance is a time to reflect on the country’s contribution to the  global community.

Throughout  the year, different countries all over the world commemorate their  independence days to remind various peoples of the struggles they had to  endure to obtain freedom. These celebrations also have an educational  value for the younger generation.

Often,  achieving independence necessitates the sacrifice of thousands of  lives. Every year, politicians seek to foster peace by commemorating  Independence Day and paying honor to those who have died.

Source

[royal-hair]

Princess Marie of Denmark visiting the Psychiatric Center Glostrup of the Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark - 23.04.24

[nikimatita-rugini]

ENGLISH below

Begleittext zur Installation Niki Matita ::: Rugini

Die größte dänische Insel Bornholm liegt näher an der größten deutschen (Ostsee)Insel Rügen als an ihrer Landeshauptstadt Kopenhagen.  Umgerechnet baut Dänemark 116,5kg und Deutschland 37kg Roggen pro Einwohner*in an. Damit sind die beiden Nachbarstaaten unter den fünf größten Anbauländern weltweit.

Über 1200 Jahre war Roggen synonym mit dem Korn, also dem Hauptnahrungsmittel, der Brotfrucht. Der Name der Insel Rügen (lat. Rugia) geht auf dieses Getreide zurück. 

Die Rugini (auch Ranen, Rujanen, Ruani) waren ein westslawisches Volk auf den Inseln Rügen, Bornholm und dem umliegenden Festland. Der Name des Stammes bezieht sich auf den Roggenanbau, der bis heute typisch für den Baltischen Raum ist. Wenig ist von ihrer Sprache, ihrer Musik und ihren Bräuchen überliefert, doch gibt es in den folkloristischen Künsten international einige, auch erotische, Bezüge zu dieser Feldfrucht, die bis weit ins Mittelalter reichen.

Fürst Wizlaw von Rügen und seine große Liebe, Fürstin Margarete, machen eine Reise. Über einen rutschigen Steg gelangen sie auf das Schiff, ein Geistlicher hilft ihnen dabei. Das Wasser des Meeres ist kalt, tief und salzig. Die Leute tragen schon warme Mäntel, denn das Wetter ist kalt. Auch der König der Dänen und Slawen, Erik Menved, ist auf dem Schiff. Er trägt eine goldene Krone. Zwei Knappen aus der Heerschar, Satko zu Saatel und der wendische Vyriz, blasen fröhlich auf langen Fanfaren. *Eine Ruginiliebesgeschichte, überliefert aus dem Polabischen - welches der Sprache der Rugini, dem Ranischen, ähnlich sein soll

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ENGLISH

Liner notes to the installation Rugini by Niki Matita

The largest Danish island Bornholm is closer to the largest German (Baltic Sea) island Rügen than it is to its capital Copenhagen. This means that Denmark grows 116.5kg and Germany 37kg of rye per inhabitant. That puts these two countries in the top five largest rye-growing countries in the world.

For over 1200 years, rye was synonymous with grain, i.e. the staple food, the breadfruit. The name of the island of Rügen (lat. Rugia) goes back to this grain.

The Rugini (also Ranen, Rujanen, Ruani) were a West Slavic people on the islands of Rügen, Bornholm and the surrounding mainland. The tribe's name refers to the practice of growing rye, which is still typical of the Baltic region today. Little has survived of their language, their music and their customs, but there are some references to this crop, including erotic ones, in the folkloric arts around the world, which date back well into the Middle Ages.

Prince Wizlaw of Rügen and his great love, Princess Margarete, go on a journey. They get onto the ship via a slippery footbridge, helped by a clergyman. The sea water is cold, deep and salty. The people are already wearing warm coats because the weather is cold. The King of the Danes and Slavs, Erik Menved, is also on the ship. He is wearing a golden crown. Two squires from the army, Satko zu Saatel and the Wendish Vyriz, are happily blowing long fanfares.

A story about Rugini lovers, passed on in Polabian - which is said to be similar to the language of the Rugini, Rani

[lettalady]

🖋

[ OC gush: send in a “🖊“ and I will talk about any one of my OCs at random! ]

Oooh it's dangerous letting me choose, you know this. Ok ok ok so... let's meet a new OC as I've just popped out of those docs feat Mads Mikkelsen as the Kingmaker of Copenhagen.

For those that have followed me for awhile, the title may ring a few bells. We got to see one of Mads' fellow Kingmakers, Ben Kingsley (London aka 'The Old Wolf') in The Heart of a Villain. Well - I'm expanding the network and the Art of Villainy world.

The Old Lion wasn't even the Crime Lord of the capital region, but when the Kingmaker position came available in Denmark it was by unanimous vote within the Denmark network that he took on the role. When we first meet him in The Lion's Pride we're catching him in the early years of being a Kingmaker. When we see him again in The Lion's Den he's well established in the role, respected and feared in equal measure.