#open source everything

[corvidstoneage]

2.1 Use of Force

In a previous essay we discussed some of the legal considerations for owning and carrying firearms. Today we’ll discuss the legality of the use of force to stop a threat.

As previously mentioned, I am not a lawyer. This is not legal advice. Do your own research and consult an attorney if you’re unsure about anything.

Generally speaking, the use of force, including lethal force, is considered to be justified if four criteria are met. The first three relate to your opponent and the final one relates to yourself.

Intent. Your opponent must intend to cause death or great bodily harm.

Ability. Your opponent must have the ability to cause death or great bodily harm.

Opportunity. Your opponent must have the opportunity to cause death or great bodily harm.

Innocent party. You, as the defender, must not have had a part in the starting of the fight.

Great bodily harm is usually described as a physical injury that causes a substantial risk of death, extended loss or impairment of a body part or function, or permanent disfigurement. Of note, in some states rape is considered to be great bodily harm, in some states it is not. The definition varies from state to state and should be researched by each individual.

Sometimes intent is simple to articulate; if someone shouts that they’re going to kill you and then lunges at you they probably intend to try to cause death or great bodily harm.

Other times it can be more complicated. If your attacker is not so courteous as to announce their plan before assaulting you you should be prepared to articulate the non-verbal cues such as target glances and other body language that you saw to the jury.

Ability deals with what is sometimes called ‘disparity of force’. As the law sees it if a healthy young male is attacked by another healthy, unarmed, male he is not justified in whipping out a pistol and shooting his attacker. It is understood that two individuals, of similar weight and fitness are capable of bringing equal force to a fight and are therefore not in real or imminent danger.

If facing multiple assailants, an armed assailant, or an individual known to you to possess martial arts experience far in excess of your own (be prepared to articulate to a jury how you know that last one), things change.

The law also generally makes allowance for perceived danger. If an assailant threatens to kill you and then points what you believe is a firearm at you, even if it is, in fact, an airsoft gun or even just a black pipe, because a reasonable person would believe that object to be a firearm in the moment, the use of force to defend yourself is still justified.

Opportunity deals with the immediacy of the threat. If you and a mutual who lives across the country get into an argument and they post a picture of themselves with a large knife with a caption threatening to kill you, you cannot legally drive across the country to hunt them down and shoot them. We call that murder in the first degree.

This also means that if someone is trying to mug you with a knife from across a parking lot you cannot legally shoot them. They may intend to kill you, and they may have the tools to do so, but they don’t have the opportunity to do so.

The final criteria that must be satisfied for the use of deadly force to be justified is the innocent party rule. How this is written varies quite a bit from state to state but the gist remains the same; you can’t claim self defense if you started the fight.

This tends to be an issue with road rage incidents. Some dude cuts you off in traffic, so you start following them and trying to run him off the road. Eventually they pull over and you jump out, run up, and start screaming and pounding on their window. They pull a gun and point it at you and you, fearing for your life, draw your own firearm and shoot them. We call this murder in the second degree if you have a good lawyer and murder in the first degree if their next of kin has a good lawyer.

In some states there is also another legal burden on the defender called ‘duty to retreat’. This means that if there is any possible way for you to run away you must attempt to do so before using deadly force. This mostly precludes defense of a third party.

The inverse is also the case. Some states have what are called ‘stand your ground’ laws. The idea being that any place you have a legal right to be you also have a legal right to defend your position in that place.

Similar, are ‘castle doctrine’ laws. Which state that an individual’s dwelling is analogous to their castle as a place of last retreat and impose an assumption that a use of force to defend one’s dwelling is justified.

My own work on this project is licensed CC-BY-SA 4.0. Other’s work is attributed and used under US Code Title 17 Chapter 1 Section 107 for nonprofit scholarly use.

[boigrlking]

Fuck you. Open sources your information.

[urban-shade]

i may or may not make this a full iceberg video later but i thought it would be funny to make a pressure iceberg image

[vomits0cutely]

Remus: [texting Sirius] im out rn so I can’t listen. Is it important?

Sirius: nah just listen to the voice message later

Remus: alr

[later]

Remus: *open voice message*

Sirius: THERES A FIRE- PETE!! YOURE MAKING IT WORSE STOP- (!!)

James: *screaming in pain*

Marlene: *laughing*

Peter: *screaming in fear*

[statementlou]

🎧

[tinylittlelilac]

[again saying these are fictitious despite how obvious just in case happyele comes down with an iron fist 🤛]

- Bleeding Ink ♡ Letters From the Heart

By request, StarPro idols are being recruited for the next round of the dating sim Love★Star. Due to the conflicting schedule of a required appearance at a ball, Yuzuru declines the offer, but the game’s director suddenly rewrites the plot…

HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO MIDORI TAKAMINE!!!!!!!!!!

I find myself here again :) I have so much respect for enstars artists.. what they pump out 3+ times a week takes me 5 whole months . My gofd ! I really hope you guys like these 2 🙏 personally they don’t leave my head!

[on-this-day-mcr]

On this day, October 14

In 2022: My Chemical Romance performed their 56th show of the 2022-2023 Swarm tour in Inglewood, California, USA. At this show, "Kill All Your Friends" was performed live for the first time since 2008, and "All the Angels" was performed live for the first time ever. For the first part of the show, a photo of a person (potentially their producer, Doug McKean) in the recording studio was taped to the drums. Later in the show, three tally marks were drawn on the drums. The majority of the songs performed at this show were from their third album, "The Black Parade". (🖤)

Watch the show here!

Adam Pantozzi

[veerbles]

very curious about public opinion

honestly we all know post ck kaz is putting his whole back into making the council's lives miserable until they stop slavery. but what about the 1/13 of them that is uhhhh maybe like his friend or something (don't ask him to admit this out loud. he won't)

[pigeongue]

LOVE THEM SMMMM !!!!!! i’m so nostalgic of my old self discovering brooklyn 99 for the first time 🥲

i’m taking commissions btw!

[neil-neil-orange-peel]

I was thinking to myself recently how wild it would be if this fandom was big enough to do a kinktober. Alas...

[risetherivermoon]

Palestine Ceasefire Emails

Today I came across a tiktok page that has made a way to add an apple shortcut to your phone that will send emails to the representatives in your district, asking for a ceasefire every time you do something simple like open an app! This is a good way to help Palestine and Gaza in your everyday life, I wanted to share this video and link with you on tumblr since I am more active and have a bigger audience here than tiktok. Free Palestine! 🇵🇸

[corvidstoneage]

4. Tactics

Welcome back! Today we'll be discussing some basic tactics. before we start, I have no military or police experience. all the tactics we'll be talking about are things i have been taught or things I’ve learned through experimentation.

Tactics, as used here, refers to the manipulation of space and time to give an individual an advantage over their opponent. This includes the use of cover and concealment, movement, and maneuvering.

First, cover and concealment. Concealment is something that blocks sight, but not necessarily projectiles. Cover is an object that blocks projectiles but not necessarily sight.

The goal is to put concealment and cover between you and your opponent. a frequent issue when using cover is to merely hide behind it. while getting behind cover provides temporary shelter from incoming fire, it also ties you to one location, making you easy to flank.

The key to winning a fight is movement and maneuvering. movement is traveling relative to the ground and objects around you. maneuvering is travel relative to your opponent.

The goal, then, is to maneuver so that you are shielded from your opponent by cover, and optimally concealment as well. then move to your escape route, keeping the cover between you and your opponent.

alternately, the inverse can be done. placing cover between yourself and your opponent and closing the distance. this is particularly useful when responsible for the safety of more people than you can reasonably move with you.

importantly, cover is relative. what is adequate cover from handgun rounds may only be concealment from an opponent with a rifle.

So far we’ve talked about manipulating space and distance to our advantage now let’s talk about manipulating time. There are two ways of doing this, shortening the amount of time it takes us to do something, and lengthening the amount of time it takes our opponent to do something.

The first is primarily a matter of practice and skill and, as such, will be discussed further in depth in the skills essay.

The second relies on interrupting a process in your opponent’s brain called an OODA Loop. The term refers to a decision making model developed by John Boyd, a US air force colonel. It stands for Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act. [1]

These four steps describe the process of decision making undertaken in our mind and our opponent’s.

In the observe stage we take in information about the world and the situation unfolding around us. In the orient stage we compare that information to previous experiences and notions we may have had. In the decide stage we determine an action to take. And in the act stage we execute that action.

This whole process can be very fast and happens over and over again throughout the day. The goal is to force your opponent to restart their loop and then not give them time to make it to the act stage.

We discussed in essay 3. Mindset, how the attributes of decisiveness, aggressiveness, and speed are important to winning fights. This is why.

In order to interrupt your opponent’s OODA loop they must think one scenario is happening and then you must turn it into a different scenario before they realize that’s what’s happening.

If you decide on a course of action but are slow or halfhearted in it’s execution your opponent may well figure out what it is you are doing and recover their wits enough to take back the initiative. Your defense must be sudden and aggressive. End the fight before your opponent realizes they’re in a fight.

My own work on this project is licensed CC-BY-SA 4.0. Other’s work is attributed and used under US Code Title 17 Chapter 1 Section 107 for nonprofit scholarly use.

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20110514132512/http://www.danford.net/boyd/essence4.htm

[incorrect-hs-quotes]

JAKE, at dinner: This meal was not made with love was it?

JANE: It was not, because no one loves you.

[sadkachow]

how the fuck did my english class manage to take a semi-positive stance on generative ai

[jadedresearcher]

can we get the source code for your infinite gender gauntlet? i wanna do the same thing but for sexuality/attraction

Fun fact, MOST of the things I've done for Zampanio are raw javascript, so they are as easy to remix as possible! For the Infinite Gender Gauntlet how you go about doing this is, so long as you can view the Document Object Model like so:

You can see the list of files it pulls in: utils, data and index.

Of course, reading someone's code is its own Adventure (its mazes all the way down) but that's 100% of what controls that page. data and utils is filled with things I use for other sims as well, so you'll find a lot of dead ends in there: I'd recommend starting with index and seeing what it actually uses. And of course, its interacting with the page itself, you can see the raw html file here: view-source:http://eyedolgames.com/Gender/

Looking forward to what you (and anyone else!) makes with it, def ping me!

[darkladylumiya]

After going through a thousand and one tangents in my head I suddenly remembered that in Legends, the lightsabers that Dooku gifts to Asajj (as shown in the Tartakovsky Clone Wars series) are actually the lightsabers of his former padawan Komari Vosa who got captured by a cult and was psychologically tortured and broken until she turned to the Dark Side, eventually ending up leading the cult. Dooku then sends Jango Fett to go kill her to prove that he should be the template for the clone army. Also Komari was there on Galidraan with Dooku when the True Mandalorians got massacred by the Jedi with Jango being the only survivor of the battle and getting sold into slavery in the aftermath.

All of this to say, that Dooku eventually hands over to his new apprentice in the Dark Side the lightsabers created by his former apprentice who fell to the Dark Side before he did, who helped kill Mandalorians with him before eventually being defeated by the one survivor of that massacre and finished off by her former master.