#brain disease therapy

[secret-made-of-secret-sauce]

I think it should be illegal for me to have done my capstone in political philosophy and have ocd i think someone should have warned me my life studies would go. In circles. Forever

[gxlden-angels]

Live, Laugh, Leprosy

[blueheartedwolf]

I wish I could find a doctor that wants to find out what’s actually wrong with me instead of recommending prescriptions to address the symptoms. I’m so tired of being recommended ibuprofen for debilitating pain. Tired of relaying my medical history to a new doctor and getting the same furrowed brow and shrugging shoulders I get every time. Tired of having so-called medical professionals ask why I need a cane if I’m able to walk down their clinic hallway without it. When will someone fucking help me?

[glorious-spoon]

.

[lordbeebrain]

The brain fog caused by my Multiple Sclerosis is gone and my mind feels so free now… ☺️

[placeholderswitcheroo]

Y

Sick list of symptoms bro. Now try humanizing your behavior instead of pathologizing it.

[drchristophedelongsblog]

Spasticity

Let's start by clearly defining spasticity:

Spasticity is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by increased muscle tone, stiff, involuntary movements and exaggerated reflexes. It is often associated with lesions of the central nervous system, such as those caused by stroke, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.

Causes of spasticity:

* Cerebral lesions: stroke, head trauma, brain tumors.

* Spinal cord injuries: road accidents, sports injuries, degenerative diseases.

* Neurodegenerative diseases: multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

* Other: encephalitis, meningitis, certain infections.

 Symptoms of spasticity:

* Increased muscle tone: muscles stiff and difficult to move.

* Involuntary movements: spasms, muscle contractions.

* Exaggerated reflexes: excessive muscular reactions to a stimulus.

* Walking difficulties: stiff gait, leg spasms.

* Pain: muscle contractures, joint pain.

Diagnosis of spasticity :

* Clinical examination: assessment of reflexes, muscle tone, muscle strength.

* Medical imaging: MRI, CT scan to identify underlying cause.

* Electromyography: measurement of muscle electrical activity.

Treatments for spasticity :

* Medication: muscle relaxants, baclofen.

* Physical therapy: stretching, muscle-strengthening exercises.

* Orthoses: splints to support joints and improve function.

* Botox: injections of botulinum toxin to reduce muscle spasms.

* Surgery: in the most severe cases, to correct deformities or contractures.

Living with spasticity:

* Adapting to everyday life: technical aids, home improvements.

* Psychological support: to cope with difficulties and improve quality of life.

* Patient associations: to exchange ideas and find support.

Advice for caregivers:

* Training: to understand spasticity and its consequences.

* Get informed: about treatments and available aids.

* Take care of yourself: to avoid exhaustion.

Go further

[confinesofmy]

oh yeahh!! it's actually very bad when it's 30-60 degrees outside for days. i forgot! lol i had a couple of cold nights and i was like man this is no biggie i must've just been in a bad place mentally the last couple of years. wrong! running the heater all day means it's 70 degrees with a nip in the air bitch!! and 35% humidity despite running the humidifier all day!! die!

[jcmarchi]

AlphaProteo: Google DeepMind’s Breakthrough in Protein Design

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/alphaproteo-google-deepminds-breakthrough-in-protein-design/

AlphaProteo: Google DeepMind’s Breakthrough in Protein Design

In the constantly evolving field of molecular biology, one of the most challenging tasks has been designing proteins that can effectively bind to specific targets, such as viral proteins, cancer markers, or immune system components. These protein binders are crucial tools in drug discovery, disease treatment, diagnostics, and biotechnology. Traditional methods of creating these protein binders are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and often require numerous rounds of optimization. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are dramatically accelerating this process.

In September 2024, Neuralink successfully implanted its brain chip into the second human participant as part of its clinical trials, pushing the limits of what brain-computer interfaces can achieve. This implant allows individuals to control devices purely through thoughts.

At the same time, DeepMind’s AlphaProteo has emerged as a groundbreaking AI tool that designs novel proteins to tackle some of biology’s biggest challenges. Unlike previous models like AlphaFold, which predict protein structures, AlphaProteo takes on the more advanced task of creating new protein binders that can tightly latch onto specific molecular targets. This capability could dramatically accelerate drug discovery, diagnostic tools, and even the development of biosensors. For example, in early trials, AlphaProteo has successfully designed binders for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and proteins involved in cancer and inflammation, showing binding affinities that were 3 to 300 times stronger than existing methods.

What makes this intersection between biology and AI even more compelling is how these advancements in neural interfaces and protein design reflect a broader shift towards bio-digital integration.

In 2024, advancements in the integration of AI and biology have reached unprecedented levels, driving innovation across fields like drug discovery, personalized medicine, and synthetic biology. Here’s a detailed look at some of the key breakthroughs shaping the landscape this year:

1. AlphaFold3 and RoseTTAFold Diffusion: Next-Generation Protein Design

The 2024 release of AlphaFold3 by Google DeepMind has taken protein structure prediction to a new level by incorporating biomolecular complexes and expanding its predictions to include small molecules and ligands. AlphaFold3 uses a diffusion-based AI model to refine protein structures, much like how AI-generated images are created from rough sketches. This model is particularly accurate in predicting how proteins interact with ligands, with an impressive 76% accuracy rate in experimental tests—well ahead of its competitors.

In parallel, RoseTTAFold Diffusion has also introduced new capabilities, including the ability to design de novo proteins that do not exist in nature. While both systems are still improving in accuracy and application, their advancements are expected to play a crucial role in drug discovery and biopharmaceutical research, potentially cutting down the time needed to design new drugs​(

2. Synthetic Biology and Gene Editing

Another major area of progress in 2024 has been in synthetic biology, particularly in the field of gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9 and other genetic engineering tools have been refined for more precise DNA repair and gene editing. Companies like Graphite Bio are using these tools to fix genetic mutations at an unprecedented level of precision, opening doors for potentially curative treatments for genetic diseases. This method, known as homology-directed repair, taps into the body’s natural DNA repair mechanisms to correct faulty genes.

In addition, innovations in predictive off-target assessments, such as those developed by SeQure Dx, are improving the safety of gene editing by identifying unintended edits and mitigating risks. These advancements are particularly important for ensuring that gene therapies are safe and effective before they are applied to human patients​(

3. Single-Cell Sequencing and Metagenomics

Technologies like single-cell sequencing have reached new heights in 2024, offering unprecedented resolution at the cellular level. This allows researchers to study cellular heterogeneity, which is especially valuable in cancer research. By analyzing individual cells within a tumor, researchers can identify which cells are resistant to treatment, guiding more effective therapeutic strategies.

Meanwhile, metagenomics is providing deep insights into microbial communities, both in human health and environmental contexts. This technique helps analyze the microbiome to understand how microbial populations contribute to diseases, offering new avenues for treatments that target the microbiome directly​(

A Game-Changer in Protein Design

Proteins are fundamental to virtually every process in living organisms. These molecular machines perform a vast array of functions, from catalyzing metabolic reactions to replicating DNA. What makes proteins so versatile is their ability to fold into complex three-dimensional shapes, allowing them to interact with other molecules. Protein binders, which tightly attach to specific target molecules, are essential in modulating these interactions and are frequently used in drug development, immunotherapies, and diagnostic tools.

The conventional process for designing protein binders is slow and relies heavily on trial and error. Scientists often have to sift through large libraries of protein sequences, testing each candidate in the lab to see which ones work best. AlphaProteo changes this paradigm by harnessing the power of deep learning to predict which protein sequences will effectively bind to a target molecule, drastically reducing the time and cost associated with traditional methods.

How AlphaProteo Works

AlphaProteo is based on the same deep learning principles that made its predecessor, AlphaFold, a groundbreaking tool for protein structure prediction. However, while AlphaFold focuses on predicting the structure of existing proteins, AlphaProteo takes a step further by designing entirely new proteins.

How AlphaProteo Works: A Deep Dive into AI-Driven Protein Design

AlphaProteo represents a leap forward in AI-driven protein design, building on the deep learning techniques that powered its predecessor, AlphaFold.

While AlphaFold revolutionized the field by predicting protein structures with unprecedented accuracy, AlphaProteo goes further, creating entirely new proteins designed to solve specific biological challenges.

AlphaProteo’s underlying architecture is a sophisticated combination of a generative model trained on large datasets of protein structures, including those from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), and millions of predicted structures generated by AlphaFold. This enables AlphaProteo to not only predict how proteins fold but also to design new proteins that can interact with specific molecular targets at a detailed, molecular level.

This diagram showcases AlphaProteo’s workflow, where protein binders are designed, filtered, and experimentally validated

Generator: AlphaProteo’s machine learning-based model generates numerous potential protein binders, leveraging large datasets such as those from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and AlphaFold predictions.

Filter: A critical component that scores these generated binders based on their likelihood of successful binding to the target protein, effectively reducing the number of designs that need to be tested in the lab.

Experiment: This step involves testing the filtered designs in a lab to confirm which binders effectively interact with the target protein.

AlphaProteo designs binders that specifically target key hotspot residues (in yellow) on the surface of a protein. The blue section represents the designed binder, which is modeled to interact precisely with the highlighted hotspots on the target protein.

For the C part of the image; it shows the 3D models of the target proteins used in AlphaProteo’s experiments. These include therapeutically significant proteins involved in various biological processes such as immune response, viral infections, and cancer progression.

Advanced Capabilities of AlphaProteo

High Binding Affinity: AlphaProteo excels in designing protein binders with high affinity for their targets, surpassing traditional methods that often require multiple rounds of lab-based optimization. It generates protein binders that attach tightly to their intended targets, significantly improving their efficacy in applications such as drug development and diagnostics. For example, its binders for VEGF-A, a protein associated with cancer, showed binding affinities up to 300 times stronger than existing methods​.

Targeting Diverse Proteins: AlphaProteo can design binders for a wide range of proteins involved in critical biological processes, including those linked to viral infections, cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. It has been particularly successful in designing binders for targets like the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, essential for COVID-19 infection, and the cancer-related protein VEGF-A, which is crucial in therapies for diabetic retinopathy​.

Experimental Success Rates: One of AlphaProteo’s most impressive features is its high experimental success rate. In laboratory tests, the system’s designed binders demonstrated high success in binding to target proteins, reducing the number of experimental rounds typically required. In tests on the viral protein BHRF1, AlphaProteo’s designs had an 88% success rate, a significant improvement over previous methods​.

Optimization-Free Design: Unlike traditional approaches, which often require several rounds of optimization to improve binding affinity, AlphaProteo is able to generate binders with strong binding properties from the outset. For certain challenging targets, such as the cancer-associated protein TrkA, AlphaProteo produced binders that outperformed those developed through extensive experimental optimization​.

Experimental Success Rate (Left Graph) – Best Binding Affinity (Right Graph)

AlphaProteo outperformed traditional methods across most targets, notably achieving an 88% success rate with BHRF1, compared to just under 40% with previous methods.

AlphaProteo’s success with VEGF-A and IL-7RA targets were significantly higher, showcasing its capacity to tackle difficult targets in cancer therapy.

AlphaProteo also consistently generates binders with much higher binding affinities, particularly for challenging proteins like VEGF-A, making it a valuable tool in drug development and disease treatment.

How AlphaProteo Advances Applications in Biology and Healthcare

AlphaProteo’s novel approach to protein design opens up a wide range of applications, making it a powerful tool in several areas of biology and healthcare.

1. Drug Development

Modern drug discovery often relies on small molecules or biologics that bind to disease-related proteins. However, developing these molecules is often time-consuming and costly. AlphaProteo accelerates this process by generating high-affinity protein binders that can serve as the foundation for new drugs. For instance, AlphaProteo has been used to design binders for PD-L1, a protein involved in immune system regulation, which plays a key role in cancer immunotherapies​. By inhibiting PD-L1, AlphaProteo’s binders could help the immune system better identify and eliminate cancer cells.

2. Diagnostic Tools

In diagnostics, protein binders designed by AlphaProteo can be used to create highly sensitive biosensors capable of detecting disease-specific proteins. This can enable more accurate and rapid diagnoses for diseases such as viral infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. For example, AlphaProteo’s ability to design binders for SARS-CoV-2 could lead to faster and more precise COVID-19 diagnostic tools​.

3. Immunotherapy

AlphaProteo’s ability to design highly specific protein binders is particularly valuable in the field of immunotherapy. Immunotherapies leverage the body’s immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. One challenge in this field is developing proteins that can bind to and modulate immune responses effectively. With AlphaProteo’s precision in targeting specific proteins on immune cells, it could enhance the development of new, more effective immunotherapies​.

4. Biotechnology and Biosensors

AlphaProteo-designed protein binders are also valuable in biotechnology, particularly in the creation of biosensors—devices used to detect specific molecules in various environments. Biosensors have applications ranging from environmental monitoring to food safety. AlphaProteo’s binders could improve the sensitivity and specificity of these devices, making them more reliable in detecting harmful substances​.

Limitations and Future Directions

As with any new technology, AlphaProteo is not without its limitations. For instance, the system struggled to design effective binders for the protein TNF𝛼, a challenging target associated with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. This highlights that while AlphaProteo is highly effective for many targets, it still has room for improvement.

DeepMind is actively working to expand AlphaProteo’s capabilities, particularly in addressing challenging targets like TNF𝛼. The team is also exploring new applications for the technology, including using AlphaProteo to design proteins for crop improvement and environmental sustainability.

Conclusion

By drastically reducing the time and cost associated with traditional protein design methods, AlphaProteo accelerates innovation in biology and medicine. Its success in creating protein binders for challenging targets like the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and VEGF-A demonstrates its potential to address some of the most pressing health challenges of our time.

As AlphaProteo continues to evolve, its impact on science and society will only grow, offering new tools for understanding life at the molecular level and unlocking new possibilities for treating diseases.

[fidicusraredisease]

Call : +917997101303 | Whatsapp : https://wa.me/917997101505 | Website : https://fidicus.com

Precautions, neglect Complications SSPE, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis | Treatment Cure Relief | Rare Orphan Unique Disease | Dr. Bharadwaz

Speciality Clinic

Fidicus Rare Disease

highest success with homeopathy

Any Disease | Any Patient | Any Stage

About Video : Diving into SSPE, let's navigate through essential precautions and prognosis means what happens when you neglect this disease. Explore crucial steps to safeguard against SSPE, understanding the disease's trajectory and potential outcomes. Gain insights into preventive measures, prognosis factors, and proactive approaches for managing this challenging condition. Empower yourself with knowledge for a better understanding of SSPE's journey.

[synapsespine]

Top Radiculopathy Treatment in Mumbai: Synapse Spine

Radiculopathy is a condition affecting the spinal nerve roots, causing pain, weakness, and numbness in various body parts. If you're experiencing radiculopathy symptoms and seeking the Top Radiculopathy Treatment in Mumbai, it's crucial to consult a specialist for personalized treatment. At Synapse Spine, we are committed to providing comprehensive care for radiculopathy patients, ensuring they receive top-notch treatment and support.

Types of Radiculopathy

Radiculopathy can occur in different spine regions, each with unique symptoms:

Cervical Radiculopathy: Affects the neck, causing pain, weakness, and numbness in the shoulders, arms, and hands.

Lumbar Radiculopathy: Impacts nerves in the lower back, leading to pain, weakness, and numbness in the legs and feet.

Thoracic Radiculopathy: Targets nerves in the middle back, resulting in pain, weakness, and numbness in the chest and abdominal area.

Causes and Symptoms of Radiculopathy

Causes:

Disc herniation

Spinal stenosis

Degenerative disc disease

Bone spurs

Inflammation

Symptoms:

Radiating Pain: Sharp or shooting pain along the affected nerve path.

Weakness: Reduced muscle strength connected to the affected nerve.

Numbness: Loss of sensation or tingling in the affected areas.

Tingling: Sensations of prickling or "pins and needles" in the extremities.

Muscle Atrophy: Gradual weakening or wasting of muscles due to nerve dysfunction.

Diagnosing Radiculopathy

At Synapse Spine, our experts use a comprehensive approach to diagnose radiculopathy, including:

Clinical Assessment: Detailed evaluation of symptom nature and progression.

Neurological Examination: Assessment of nerve function, reflexes, and sensory responses.

Imaging Studies: X-rays and other imaging techniques.

Electrodiagnostic Tests: Electromyography (EMG) and myelogram.

Blood Tests: To rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Radiculopathy

At Synapse Spine, we adopt a multidisciplinary approach, tailoring treatment plans to each patient's unique needs. Our options include:

Medication/Ice/Heat: Prescription anti-inflammatory drugs or muscle relaxants and the application of ice or heat.

Physical Therapy/Specific Exercises: Exercises to improve range of motion and strengthen muscles around the affected nerve.

Epidural Steroid Injection: To alleviate nerve pain in the back or leg.

Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS): Remote-operated implants for severe, unresponsive pain.

Surgical Treatments for Radiculopathy

In some cases, surgery may be necessary. Our experienced surgeons offer various surgical treatments, including:

Microdiscectomy

Laminectomy

Foraminotomy

Discectomy

Spinal Fusion

Artificial Disc Replacement

Endoscopic Surgery

Nucleoplasty

Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET)

Peripheral Nerve Surgery

If you are experiencing radiculopathy symptoms in Mumbai, consult a specialized doctor for personalized treatment and optimal spinal health. At Synapse Spine, Top Radiculopathy Treatment in Mumbai offers comprehensive care, ensuring the best possible treatment and support. Take the first step towards a pain-free life by booking your appointment today. Call us at 93726 71858 | 93211 24611 or click here.

[drpriya]

Targeted therapies for brain tumors are treatments that aim to specifically target certain molecules or pathways involved in the growth and spread of the tumor.

These therapies are designed to be more precise and selective than traditional chemotherapy, potentially resulting in fewer side effects and improved outcomes.

Here are some targeted therapies commonly used for brain tumors:

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): These drugs target specific tyrosine kinases, enzymes involved in signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and division. Examples include drugs like imatinib (Gleevec), which targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein in chronic myeloid leukemia, and erlotinib (Tarceva), which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed, and it plays a critical role in tumor growth and spread by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. Angiogenesis inhibitors like bevacizumab (Avastin) can block the formation of new blood vessels, thereby starving the tumor of its blood supply.

Monoclonal Antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made molecules that can target specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells. For example, rituximab (Rituxan) targets CD20, a protein found on B-cell lymphomas, and trastuzumab (Herceptin) targets HER2, a protein overexpressed in certain breast cancers.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy works by harnessing the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo) can block inhibitory signals on immune cells, allowing them to more effectively target and destroy tumor cells.

Targeted Radiation Therapy: Techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery and proton therapy allow for precise delivery of radiation to the tumor, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Gene Therapy: Gene therapy involves introducing genetic material into cells to replace or supplement faulty genes. This approach holds promise for treating brain tumors by targeting specific genetic mutations driving tumor growth.

Signal Transduction Inhibitors: These drugs interfere with signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. For example, inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, such as everolimus (Afinitor), can suppress tumor growth in certain types of brain tumors.

The cost of targeted therapy for brain tumors in India can vary depending on several factors, including the specific type of therapy, the duration of treatment, the dosage required, the brand of medication, the healthcare facility where treatment is received, and any additional supportive care or monitoring needed during the course of treatment.

Generally, targeted therapies tend to be more expensive than conventional chemotherapy or radiation therapy due to their specialized nature and often involve ongoing treatment over an extended period. The cost of targeted therapy may also include fees for medical consultations, diagnostic tests, imaging studies, and hospitalization if required.

In India, the cost of targeted therapy can range from several thousand to several lakh rupees per month, depending on the factors mentioned above. Some targeted therapies may be available at lower costs through government healthcare facilities or subsidized programs, while others may be more expensive and only accessible at private hospitals or specialty clinics.

Get the best treatments for brain tumor at the best hospitals in Mumbai like H N Reliance Hospital Mumbai.

[doberbutts]

Man but the notes on that post really are just tumblr showing they have no idea how anything works.

"report to your local animal abuse people not to cops" local animal abuse people would be animal control. Animal control officers are cops.

"rabies is treatable if you go to the doctor right after the bite" rabies is PREVENTABLE, not treatable. There is no cure for rabies. If you suspect you came into contact with a rabid animal, you need to get a series of rabies vaccinations to prevent the virus from taking over your body. This is not a treatment and it only works if you go right away. If you show any symptoms of rabies it is too late.

"rabies is fatal in animals but treatable in humans" rabies has a 100% fatality rate and is not considered a survivable disease at this point in time. If you contract rabies YOU WILL DIE. The "treatment" in humans is called the Milwaukee Protocol, only 14% of people survive it, and it leaves you with massive brain damage and effectively turns you into a vegetable. You do not return to a normal life afterwards. Very few people who have undergone this process are capable of doing more than laying in a hospital bed and eating and breathing through tubes. To my knowledge only one person was able to live a semi-normal life after years and years of ongoing therapy and was not expected to have made it even through her first year after treatment.

I cannot stress enough how rabies is unlike any other disease you may be thinking of. It's required on a federal level in this country to vaccinate pretty much any domestic animal that comes into contact with wildlife for one reason and one reason only: it is not considered possible to cure rabies and the spread of disease would threaten all mammalian life including our own if allowed to continue to propagate.

[spartanmemesmedical]

Deciphering Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS): Exploring Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Preventive Strategies

Introduction: In the realm of neurological disorders, there exists a phenomenon that seems plucked from the pages of a surreal tale: Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS). This enigmatic condition, also known as Todd’s Syndrome, plunges individuals into a world where reality twists and bends, leaving them grappling with distorted perceptions of body image, size, time, and space. In this blog,…

[nourishandthrive501]

Growth Hormone and Alzheimer's Disease: Navigating the Maze

The relationship between growth hormone and Alzheimer’s disease is intricate and constantly evolving. While some questions spark promising avenues for exploration, others remain shrouded in mystery. This revised response delves deeper, incorporating the latest insights and highlighting key areas where further research is crucial. Growth Hormone’s Influence on Memory: The jury is still out on…