#siouan

[nonenglishsongs]

Osage Tribal Singers, Scott George - Wahzhazhe (A Song for My People) (Osage)

Good luck at the Oscars tonight!

[skiddo-xy]

🇨🇦 Langblr Challenge Day 13: How Many Languages Are Spoken In Your Country? 🇨🇦

In this post: official languages, Indigenous languages, more recent immigrant languages. Touches on language and dialect diversity as well as preservation/revitalization. Statistic bomb so you don't get bored: there are over 200 languages spoken in Canada.

Been waiting a while for a day when I have lots of time so I can medium dive into my country of Canada 🇨🇦

Part I: Official Languages

So officially, we have two official languages: English and French, both directly tied to our country's colonial history. Here is a map of Canada, where 1 represents the area/s where English is predominant, 2 represents the area/s where English and French are roughly equally predominant (bilingual belt) while 3 represents the area where French is predominant. And everywhere else is where the population density is less than 0.4/km, yes we are that sparse

We also have multple varieties of French in Canada, the most known Quebecois French, Acadian French, Chiac etc.

In my experience, French Immersion programs, public school programs in which Anglophone children only are spoken to in French and they learn it naturally--not to say these kids speak it natively, they still learn advanced grammar etc all throughout school--are common in major urban centres from in or close to the bilingual belt in Canada. I myself am in one of these programs (you can drop it after first year of high school, but if you do it all throughout highschool you can get an additional French-language diploma) and though I recognize its problems (especially as someone who has lived in Francophone places as well) I am very grateful for the opportunities it has provided me with.

Bilingualism, especially in Quebec, is a debated political subject in Canada. Here are some recent news articles:

Quebec language watchdog orders café to make Instagram posts in French

23 bilingual Quebec municipalities challenge province's new language law in court

Quebec's tuition hike triggers financial strain for English universities as enrolment drops

Part II: Indigenous Languages

Canada is home to over 70 Indigenous languages from about 12 Indigenous language families: Algonquian, Inuit, Athabaskan, Siouan, Salish, Tsimshian, Wakashan, Iroquoian, Michif, Tlingit, Kutenai & Haida.

Unfortunately, due to Canada's long history of colinization, all of these languages are now endangered. This is mostly attributed to Canada's past residential school system, in which Indigenous children were taken from their homes to attend English or French-language boarding schools and critical to the language situation, abused for speaking their ancestral tongue. More on residential schools.

Not all is lost though! In 2019, the Indigenous Languages Act was enacted which pledged government funding towards the reviatalization and sustainment of Indigenous languages as part of the 94 Calls to Action established by Canada's Truth and Reconciliation commission written to establish reconciliation for Indigenous Canadians and Canada.

Currently, 9 Indigenous languages are recognized as official in the Northwest Territories federal subdivision (Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, Gwich'in, North Slavey, South Slavey, Tłı̨chǫ, Chipewyan, Cree) alongside English and French, while in the territory of Nunavut, Inuktut (both Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun dialects) are recognized as official alongside English and French.

Recent news: Inuktut became first Indigenous language of Canada to be available on Google Translate as of 2 weeks ago! Try it out using Latin Inuktut or Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Inuktut! Please note that Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics are not actually Indigneous to Canada, they were developed by missionaries to facilitate the spread of Christianity among Indigenous Canadians. Indigneous languages of Canada were traditionally unwritten.

Also: searchable glossary of Indigenous place names in Canada, interactive map

Part III: (More Recent) Immigrant Languages

This section basically encompasses everything else in Canada. Some highlights:

Mandarin is spoken by 679,255 people as of the 2021 census (1.9% of the population

Canadian Ukrainian, a dialect from 1920's western Ukraine with adapted English words for new things such as кеш реґистер/kesh regyster (cash register) (fun fact: Canada is home to the 2nd largest Ukrainian diaspora in the world!)

Canadian Gaelic, pretty similar to Canadian Ukrainian's history but with Scottish Gaelic, most prevalent in rural communities of Canada's Nova Scotia (lit. "New Scotland") province

Plautdietsch, the Mennonite dialect/s of the Low German dialect of German, with Frisian and Flemish aspects, most Canadian speakers are Mennonites who immigrated to Canada from Russian Empire-era South Ukraine (P.S this is totally not self promo or anything but I have a bunch of posts about Plautdietsch on my blog as someone whose great-grandparents were native Plautdietsch speakers under the tag #plautdietsch)

And there's so much more to learn, not just for languages exclusive to/most common in Canada! You can look at the link I just linked or go here for raw data from the 2021 census and then "find in page" your way to the "language"s section

End

This is a subject I think is super neat so I'm glad I got an outlet to write about that. There's so much more I could've talked about, so for futher reading you can check out this Wikipedia article. If you made it this far, THANK YOU

[littlefeather-wolf]

🔥🔥The Crow are also called the Apsáalooke, Absaroka, and Apsaroke. Their name was given them by the Hidatsa, and meant “people [or children] of the large-beaked bird.” Historically, they lived in the Yellowstone River Valley. A Siouan tribe, they once were part of the Hidatsa, living around the headwaters of the upper Mississippi River in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin. Later, the Crow moved to the Devil’s Lake region of North Dakota, before splitting with the Hidatsa and moving westward.

Settling in Montana, the tribe split once again into two divisions, called the Mountain Crow and the River Crow. They were first encountered by two Frenchmen in 1743 near the present-day town of Hardin, Montana. When the Lewis and Clark expedition came upon them in 1804, they estimated some 350 lodges with about 3,500 members ...

[pandemoniumonwheels]

Personally with 2x07 title being daes daemar and the way Moiraine and Siouan’s scenes played out, I stand by it having been a ploy the 2 worked out and I will pass out on this hill of mine standing my ground.

A) Rand has clear trust issues with Moiraine

B) Moiraine and Siuan are in sync in many things. When Moiraine comes into the hall to meet Siuan, it’s like she is too much in shock to curtsy. But then Siuan’s eyes flick down and Moiraine curtsies.

C) in this same scene, Siuan says she will row beside her and that is the last thing she says before saying she needs to meet Rand…..then the scene cuts off leaving the two of them there for how long we don’t know discussing what we also don’t know

D) this issue of shielding VS stilling. I haven’t read the books but can Siuan tell the difference in Moiraine? Because Lan suddenly thinking of something is strange just in the nick of time right after Siuan is back with them

E) thé waygate scene between them is strange but at the end of it Rand trusts Moiraine and even stands up to Lanfear for her. Siuan « knocks » Lan out but like 1 min later, when danger appears he is suddenly up?

F) Siuan tells Moiraine that their way did not work.Which other way is there? Oh wait conveniently Moiraine gets something out of Rand, when he sees she is trying to help him. Falme and lanfear

All the arguing, every single disagreement Moiraine and Siuan have in this episode is in front of Rand.

These two do not communicate like this, shockingly out of sync and in front of people. They talk. Throughout we see they work through things. 1x06 Moiraine is agitated so Siuan is quiet and waits. Then Siuan talks and Moiraine listens. Moiraine says Siuan has to exile her, Siuan listens even though it is horrible horrible for them as a couple

Beginning of 2x07, Moiraine sees Siuan is unsure, she asks her directly and Siuan answers and then they talk. Even when they meet again in the hall, they talk and communicate.

In front of Rand it is yelling and arguing and drama, just like the beginning of 1x06 when they are putting on a show.

I refuuuuuuuuuuuse!!!!!!

Yes, yes, yes. That's what my master theory is all about. I agree with everything you wrote, friend, and I'm dissecting all those scenes, and preparing posts to prove we're both right.

[incesthemes]

since you asked me this question for wincest wednesday...what are YOUR headcanons on the boys' knowledge of languages? :o

YES THANK YOU!!!!!! :) i love talking about languages and supernatural and languages in supernatural

so when i first watched through the show, i actually had a pretty extensive list of languages i thought they would have reasonably acquired some knowledge on:

classical languages (latin, classical greek)

native north american languages (particularly of the siouan and uto-aztecan variety, and navajo, all for geographical reasons)

some modern italic languages (spanish, french, italian, etc), maybe less so modern germanic languages

some old norse (mainly via the two eddas)

some japanese, picked up later in the series and mostly by dean (to honor bobby's memory)

some other ancient or dead languages (aramaic, sumerian, old english, etc)

a very small spattering of enochian, whatever is available for humans to learn

american sign language (sam only)

my reasoning for this was for practical reasons: these are the languages of the cultures that the monsters they hunt originate from, and so the lore is going to be accessible only or predominantly through those languages. especially later in the series, you see them interacting with non-english texts quite often (whether or not they know the languages in question is up to that episode writer's whims, i guess, continuity be damned). i also like the interpretation of both sam and dean as being highly self-educated, and since they're both rather serious about hunting, this would be a natural extension of the knowledge they'd need to acquire to actually excel in their work. for this headcanon, i really like dean being more practical in his knowledge of languages and sam being more academic because it aligns with their areas of specialty in hunting :3

HOWEVER, when i started my rewatch, i also watched the pilot commentary with eric kripke, and he said something very striking to me:

Blue collar, low tech guys and their weaponry should be blue collar, greasy, worn down. It's always been really important to me. I'm mean—I'm just—I'm from a small town in Ohio, and you know, it's always been important to me that these guys just be, you know, Motorheads... and... love classic rock... and know how to handle a chainsaw, and that was to me, more interesting than—spells and magic. And... even to this day in the writer's room they always bring that stuff up, and I'm always like, 'Forget it! Where are the chainsaws?'

it's very obvious in the final product that this was the intention of course, and as i continued to watch i kept this vision in mind. there are three things that have stood out to me since then:

in 1x04, sam tells dean that "christo" is latin for god. it's actually greek (for christ, not god), and it would also be in the wrong declension, which could imply that sam actually isn't really familiar with greek or latin. this could imply that sam is actually just parroting something he's been told in the past (probably by john), without actually knowing it himself

in 2x04, dean flips through a book in ancient greek, and later when they dig up angela's coffin, they find more greek lettering on the inside. dean calls the letters "symbols" which could imply he's not familiar enough with greek to even know what kind of writing system it has, or to recognize greek writing for what it is. sam, too, seems equally baffled at the "symbols"

in 5x05, sam interviews a hispanic woman in somewhat awkward spanish. when dean asks about it, sam replies "freshman spanish," meaning he hasn't learned beyond a freshman, introductory level of the language, and that he learned it through formal education rather than on his own

these moments are super important to me because they really cut through the idea that sam and dean have extensive or even moderate training in foreign languages. instead, they paint the picture of rather sheltered kids who were largely kept away from the world or only limited in their exposure. i imagine, from this, that john was the one who did most of the research on their hunts, and if sam or dean participated they were relegated to controlled, prescribed roles. especially from the 1x04 example, i can extrapolate that they probably haven't examined the information they've been given too deeply; it implies a level of blind trust in john's skill, to the extent that sam isn't even aware of what language he's speaking in to reveal a demon.

as a result my most up-to-date headcanon is that sam and dean both grew up entirely monolingual, and that they didn't actually even start acquiring new languages (sam's freshman spanish exempted) until their network was cut out from under them (bobby's death and then garth's disappearance) and they found the bunker, with its myriad resources to research and study and its stability to house a library for those purposes. before then, i can see them picking up on very minor latin, like a few words here and there, but not actively pursuing any of this learning until they were forced to learn it themselves. what languages they know or how deep their knowledge goes is wildly contradictory in canon so that means i can do whatever i want, which is exactly the point where i wrap back around into my initial headcanon and start adding those languages back into their bunker era repertoire of skills.

(for the record i do generally have opinions about how much they each know of each of those languages and where their strengths in language learning lie, because i think WAY too much about this)

to my own dismay (as a lover of languages and linguistics), i've found this interpretation to be much more in-line with kripke's vision of the show, whether or not the more subtle details were intentional or not (seriously, who on the set of this show decided on "christo," i NEED to know). It also gives an interesting dimension to their early life as being highly sheltered and isolated and kept away from the hunting life while simultaneously being inescapably part of it.

this is a really long way of saying "monolinguals," but in my defense i've been building this interpretation and headcanon for nearly a year straight now. because i pay way too much undue attention to the use of language in supernatural.

[leroibobo]

cahokia was a city located across what's today the mississippi river, lasting between about 1050-1350 ce, after which it was abandoned until about 1500. due to its inhabitants leaving little-no written records and no oral histories of it existing, the city's original name is unknown - it was named posthumously for the cahokia people who were living in the area at the time of french contact.

at its peak in the 11th and 12th centuries, cahokia was the largest city north of mesoamerica and the largest settlement of the mississippian culture with a population of 15-20,000. it served as both an economic and cultural center; the city's main trades included farming, logging, hunting, pottery, weaving, and trading. the exact reason for its decline in the 13th and 14th centuries is unknown, with theories including war, political fragmentation, disease, and flooding among others being proposed.

like other mississippian settlements, cahokia is best known for its diligent city planning and extensive earthworks. its basic layout - thought to be inspired by the creators' view of the heavens - consists of four quarters and several soil and clay-constructed mounds oriented in the cardinal directions. all of them are centered on monks mound, the tallest of the earthworks, which may have housed the city's rulers. most residents lived on farmlands surrounding this main area. the city also includes the "woodhenge", an astronomical observatory consisting of wood posts aligned with the positions of the sun throughout the year, which is thought to have been relocated several times throughout the city's history. evidence of a copper workshop and a mass burial site have also been found in some of the city's mounds.

some siouan-speaking nations further west like the osage, kaw, ponca, quapaw, and omaha have preserved some elements present in cahokian culture such as chunkey and their meticulous urban planning. it's been suggested that these nations are a result of former cahokian people or other mississippians in the cahokian sphere of influence gradually migrating elsewhere. though cahokia had great influence, that practically no oral histories of the city exist indicates that former residents either didn't think it important enough to memorialize or didn't want to memorialize it.

[o-craven-canto]

(full size)

A rough map of the historical expansion of 21 language families and subfamilies. A commenter on the DeviantArt page points out that the origin of the Siouan family should be shown somewhat further east.

[hiwaaranit]

IGNORE PREVIOUS ASK I AM APPARENTLY BLIND. and didn't see you post specifically answering most of my ask like a day ago. I guess my pronunciation question still stands, but yeah, sorry for wasting your time with that.

There's Ŋȟžčǧ and I believe they come from the orthography of Czech? but there’s a lot of controversy with that orthography. I use it because it’s the easiest one for me to read. With Arikara orthography several of my family members worked on it and kinda its similar especially with the vowels but there’s whisper words that are the capital letters and the X which is like the guttural Ȟ Ǧ, the the words tend to be very long. Unlike hidatsa and Mandan two tribes apart of my tribe they are Siouan languages so their rules and sounds are similar to Lakota but Arikara are part of the Caddoan language group which is totally different. (We used to control most of the Mississippi river)

Like hAxtaaʾIhpástš (Arikara), šiná apáȟlate (Lakota) are the same word for ribbon. I don’t have the mind power explain the rules of my languages I’d figure that eventually I’ll just have to say their names. And I won’t lie I am a bit protective of my resources because there is weird people out there trying to come up with native names or use the language for aesthetics

[inspofromancientworld]

Legendary Creatures: Thunderbird

By Dr Haggis - w:Image:Thunderbird_on_Totem_Pole.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329416

Every place has its form of cryptid, creatures that are rarely seen, don't seem to fit in with any known animals, and that lack proof that stands up to scientific scrutiny. Some are widely known (like Bigfoot) and some are very regional (like the chupacabra). When a cryptid has been around a very long time or is in mythology, it becomes legendary.

source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/time-to-look/36201120081

One such is the Thunderbird, which is a North American Indigenous bird-like spirit. The Thunderbird is found in the mythology of many North American tribes, primarily in the Pacific Northwest and Great Lakes regions, but also scattered through the rest of the continent. The some peoples that have a Thunderbird in their mythology are the Algonquian, the Siouan, the Kwakwa̱ka̱ʼwakw, and the Arikara.

Joe Mabel on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newhalem,WA-Thunderbird_Totem-_01.jpg

For many, the Thunderbird governs the upper world in opposition to either the underwater panther or Great Horned Serpent, who controls the underworld. By flapping its great wings, it creates thunder and lightning that it sends down to the underworld to prevent the underworld from overrunning earth. The might also punish people who were immoral. They often require tribute of some kind in return. Some told that Thunderbirds migrated with the seasons, while some said the Thunderbirds lived on an elevated mountain in the west. They might also control rain and hail in addition to thunder and lightning.

By Pierre5018 - Vectorization from photos from the Archives nationales de France published on the website, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37409425

Traditionally, the Thunderbird is depicted with its wings spread with its head turned to the side if drawn or facing forward if carved, sometimes with a mirrored or paired, so that it forms an X shape. They're depicted in totem poles and petroglyphs in addition to being used in signatures. They might even be added to designs on clothing or related accessories.

By Sixa369 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20076003

There are some who think that finding pterosaur fossils might have had some influence in the development of the myths of the Thunderbird.

By Daderot - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19063802

[freaky-funky]

(Long rant)

Remember that lava spy’s head piece is cultural appropriation to indigenous people and is super disrespectful to wear if you did not earn it. IT IS NOT SOMETHING YOU CAN JUST CASUALLY WEAR. On top of that if your going to came after me saying “well it’s just tf2 they do plenty of dumb stuff.” I’m completely aware the game has much more offensive cultural times and I’m not trying to diss anyone who plays it or enjoys it. I’m just sick of the cultural appropriation that happens in games in general.

Other alternatives you can draw lava spy

-Regalia for men, like grass dancers or jiggle if your going for a genderbend who knows

-draw him Maskless and with long hair to show his pride in our hair. Hair is a huge deal in the indigenous tribes.

-when you make him speak a line, make him speak his tribe’s language (example I personally headcanon him as Mandan so he would speak Siouan) or let talk about his culture.

In general, I know there’s plenty of other ff2 characters who need some kind of justice but as a native and black creator in the freak fortress community, this needs to be brought into the light, thank you.

P.S RESEARCH IF YOU DONT KNOW A CERTAIN TOPIC ABOUT NATIVES!!! ITS NOT THAT HARDDD!!

[nonenglishsongs]

Robert Tree Cody - Lakota Lullaby (Lakota)

[madelinelovesick]

Sound Change of the Day - 2024 June 10 (sorry for this being a day late)

/ʃ/ and /θ/ become /s/ and /t/ respectively.

(Proto-Siouan-Iroquoian to Proto-Iroquoian)

[inaaontheskyways]

Lemme show y'all the Crowning achievement of my Spiralverse HCs, which is this of every world's numerous dialects, made purely so that I can know which OC speaks what!

(Sidenote: as per usual, worlds that're completely original are in purple, worlds that're simply reimaginings are in pink, and worlds that I simply renamed are in green!)

Lemuria: Lemurian, Eldritchic

Heroica: Heroic (transatlantic accent)

Empyrea: Gachachen (Armenian), Alphoili ena (Georgian), Kalamari (Azerbaijani)

Grizzleheim: Bjørnsk (Danish), Ulvsk (Norwegian), Korpska (Swedish), Villisvínka (Icelandic)

Darkmoor: Vampyruiu kalba (Lithuanian), Huntsi keel (Estonian), Notekšu valoda (Latvian)

Polaris:

Morçais (French), Manchotasque (Monégasque)

Nesti yazyk (Russian), Mors’kyy levska (Ukrainian)

Tülkizaq (Kazakh), Tyulencha (Uzbek)

Moosekha (Yakut)

Gamassa:

Chessova- Obsidiūm, Ivornish, Garnissi

Suitsia- Heartesh, Spadettic, Clubivian, Diamantine

Tilasia- Dicenese, Dominocco

Tarotte- Swordinic, Pentaclese, Chalusian, Wandirine

Karamelle: Mausch (German), Mollands (Dutch)

Avalon: Arthraeg (Welsh), Sionhlig (Scottish Gaelic), Broclge (Irish Gaelic), Weasewek (Cornish)

Marleybone: Marlish (English), Sions (Ulster Scots), Loscannge (Irish)

Monquista: Tiellano (Spain Spanish), Cálidês (Portuguese), Verdalan (Catalan)

Coloratura: Purpurīm, Caerulic, Viridian, Flavish, Aurantesse, Rubinese

Dragonspyre: Ogŭnski (Bulgarian), Kriloski (Serbian)

Vitalia: Janeize (Genovese), Altoscan (Tuscan), Trinitalian (Sicilian), Purapoletano (Neapolitan)

Aquila: Aetóniká (Greek), Vulturīm (Latin), Trojan (Turkish)

Mirage:

Qhati (Levantine Arabic), Jamalījī (Gulf Arabic)

Rubâhsī (Fārsī), Mushrī (Darī)

Yılanili (Hittite), Faresiçe (Istanbul Turkish)

Babumerian (Sumerian), Sehê bejîdî (Kurdish), Ealiawi (Bedawi)

Krokotopia: Krokotopian (Ancient Egyptian), Hedjiin (Nubian), Manremənkhēmi (Coptic)

Zafaria:

Manwiza (Manyika), Mbidau (Ndau)

Sepiltwa (Setswana), Selaminko (Sesotho)

Indlodo (Mopondo), Imvumbu (Thembu)

KwaIbhubelu (KwaZulu-Natali Zulu), Intshaal (Transvaal Zulu)

Amakhanle (Ndebele), Óbhéjanele (Matabele)

Mooshu:

Guānyù (Mandarin)

Akago (Japanese)

Sanguk-eo (Korean)

Hüyyol (Mongolian)

Dbaas (Tibetan)

Qīng wá (Cantonese)

Vajong (Hmong)

Rajah:

Bāghala (Bengali)

Ṭālpiṉil (Tamil)

Mōrabi (Punjabi)

Kosūr (Kashmiri)

Sing-haya (Assamese)

Yago:

Tiếng Đồi (Vietnamese), Phéasa Veal (Khmer), Phéasa Rồng (dragon-riders)

Phasa Lm (Thai), Phasa Thidin (Laotian), Raybhasa (Burmese), Phasa Kyaal (helephants)

Bahasa Bunga (Indonesian), Bahasa Pasir (Malay), Tagbato (Tagalog)

Wallaru: (to be updated)

Celestia: Vosa vaka-Keresi (Fijian), Reo Ma’o (Tahitian), Lea fakaika (Tongan), Te reo Kapua (Maori)

Skull Island:

‘Ōlelo Wai (Hawaiian), Gagana fa’a Afi (Samoan), Troggy, Cohuatl (Nahuatl)

Ratgin (Pidgin), Papiatubarão (Papiamento), Krabole (French Creole), Flamiwa (Jamaican Patois)

Cool Ranch: Coolish (Southern accent), Biuan (Siouan), Pollish (Mexican Spanish)

Aviarios: Avirican (Northern/Western AmE)

Coatlán: Cohuatl (Nahuatl), Ocemuri ra’ícha (Tarahumaran), Cochojío (Huarijío)

Khrysalis: Hivonic, Burronian, Sluggish

Others: Common tongue, Neviit (Hebrew), Kalines (Romani)

[silhouettecrow]

365 Days of Writing Prompts: Day 308

Adjective: Kind

Noun: Crow

Definitions for those who need/want them:

Kind: having or showing a friendly, generous, and considerate nature; used in a polite request; (of a consumer product) gentle on (a part of the body); (archaic) affectionate or loving

Crow: a large bird with mostly glossy black plumage, a heavy bill, and a raucous voice; (derogatory) a woman, especially an old or ugly one; the constellation Corvus; the cry of a rooster; a sound made by a person expressing triumph or happiness; a member of a North American people inhabiting eastern Montana; the Siouan language of the Crow

[schalotte]

to anyone who's seen killers of the flower moon, were there subtitles for the dialogue in Dhegiha Siouan? in my showing some of it was subtitled and some of it wasn't and i couldn't tell if that was a choice (??) or carelessness

[godsperfectwomanforreal]

Yeah Proto indo euro language is kinda cool but what about Siouan