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morbidsmenagerie · 11 months ago

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Making Better State Insects

So at some point I stumbled across a list of State Insects. Honestly I wasn't even aware states had "state insects", but as I looked down the list my disappointment grew. A vast majority of states had selected the European honeybee (which is not even native) as their state insect, with monarch butterflies and ladybugs being the two runner ups. I thought this was a damn shame because there's so many interesting insects in the US, so I'm making a better official new list of state insects.

For this list my criteria are:

Insect must be native to the state

No repeats

Insect must be easily observable to the naked eye

I also had general guidelines of picking insects that were relatively common (based on inaturalist heat maps of observation) and picking insects that were cool or interesting. Some of these insects I picked because I thought they were important parts of the areas culture and experience (lovebugs, toebiters, and periodical cicadas) and some insects I picked just to raise awareness that they exist in the US.

I also don't think I gave anyone huge L's, no mosquitoes, louses, cockroaches, ect, because my goal of this list is to get people interested in their native insects and I want it to be fun to find and observe your state insect.

Also some states get gold stars for picking state insects that already meet these criteria and are cool so they get to keep theirs. Some states also have "state butterflies" or "state agricultural insect" which for this list I'm ignoring, you can keep those I'm just focused on state insects. Slight disclaimer also, I've only ever lived in California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and South Carolina, and all these states are keeping their original state insect. So all the insects I'm choosing are for states I haven't lived in. Also I'm not including photos in this post just for my own sanity.

List under the cut!

Alabama

Old: Monarch Butterfly

New: Giant Leaf-footed Bug (Acanthocephala declivis)

Leaf-footed bugs are cute, they're big, they're stanced up, the males have big back legs, you've probably seen them. Being true bugs they have piercing mouthparts and suck plant juices.

Alaska

Four-spot Skimmer (Libellula quadrimaculata)

Alaska gets to keep their old state insect, it's a cool dragonfly and apparently was partially chosen to honor bush pilots who fly to deliver supplies in the Alaskan wilderness, so really cool!

Arizona

Two-tailed swallowtail butterfly (Papilio multicaudata)

Arizona also gets to keep their state insect. Kind of a shame because Arizona has a lot of cool species, but it did meet my requirements and they get points for choosing a different kind of butterfly.

Arkansas

Old: European honeybee

New: North American Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)

One of the largest assassin bugs in the US, these guys are appreciated by gardeners for their environmentally friendly pest control. They also look badass.

California

California Dogface Butterfly (Zerene eurydice)

Endemic to California and on a stamp! Again, kind of a shame because there's a lot of cool insects in California, but I respect this choice, especially since California was the first state to designate a state insect (1929).

Colorado

Colorado Hairstreak Butterfly (Hypaurotis crysalus)

Same deal as California, the state's name is in the common name, unique butterfly found in the four corners region. Just get a stamp or something soon!

Connecticut

Old: European Praying Mantis

New: Cecropia Moth (Hyalophora cecropia)

You picked a state insect no one else had but went with a nonnative mantis? Here's an insect that'll make you stand out and it's a native species. Lesser known than some of the other giant silk moths, the Cecropia moth is the largest native moth and has some truly stunning colors.

Delaware

Old: Convergent Ladybeetle

New: Periodical Cicada (Magicicada septendecim)

Cicada's had to be somewhere on this list and Delaware was one of the main hotspots for brood X, one of the largest broods of the multiple staggered brood cycles. Hey, they have a lot of history in America. Accounts go back as early as 1733, with Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin making a note of them.

District of Columbia

Old: None

New: Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus)

The Entomological Society of America is trying to get the Monarch Butterfly added as our national insect, so I think that's reason enough to let DOC claim it.

Florida

Zebra Butterfly (Heliconius charithonia)

Florida gets to keep their state butterfly, but the populations that have existed in Florida are in steep decline. Ideally I would want being the official state insect to come with some protections, hopefully people can get invested in reintroducing them.

Georgia

Old: European Honeybee

New: Horned Passalus Beetle (Odontotaenius disjunctus)

Also called bess beetles or patent-leather beetles, these cute guys are important for forest systems because they eat decaying wood, helping to break down felled trees. They're cute beetles that squeak when disturbed.

Hawaii

Kamehameha Butterfly (Vanessa tameamea)

An endemic Hawaiian butterfly named after a ruling dynasty of Hawaii. Their population is under threat, as with a lot of native Hawaiian species, so I think this is a good state insect to build protections and activism around.

Idaho

Old: Monarch Butterfly

New: Ice Crawler (Grylloblatta sp. "Polaris Peak")

Look Idaho, I have to admit that even though I've traveled extensively through WA, OR, CA, and NV I've never stepped foot in Idaho and I don't intend to. Your state exists in a weird liminal zone, not really the pacific northwest but not really whatever Montana is either. Your state isn't even all in one time zone. So look, I really wanted ice crawlers to be on this list, but they're exclusively found on mountains in the pacific northwest and Sierra Nevadas. Normally I would've given them to Washington or Oregon, but those states already have state insects that work for them. So your state gets ice crawlers, and they do exist in Idaho in the panhandle. It's not an L, ice crawlers are amazing extremophiles that crawl over snow in high elevation mountain peaks. They exist in their own unique order and theres only one genus in the US, with different species being region locked, sometimes onto specific mountains. Their thermoregulation is so delicate, the warmth of someones hand holding them causes them to over heat and die. They're cool, unique, and weird, and let's face it so is your state. At least I didn't take a cop out by picking the potato bug.

Illinois

Old: Monarch Butterfly

New: Red-banded Leafhopper (Graphocephala coccinea)

Leafhopper done Chicago style.

Indiana

Old: Say's Firefly

New: Common True Katydid (Pterophylla camellifolia)

I wanted to give you Say's Firefly. I really did. But when I looked on Inaturalist not A SINGLE OBSERVATION was listed for the species in Indiana. I'm even going to post pictures.

So even though this is extremely funny I'm giving your state the Common True Katydid instead. Large, loud, and easy to spot, these guys can frequently be heard chirping in trees. Not only do different populations have different rates of chirp, but the rate of chirp is also so predictably dependent on temperature that you could make an equation to tell the temperature based on chirp rate.

Iowa

Old: None

New: Westfall's Snaketail (Ophiogomphus westfalli)

Really cool clubtail dragonfly that's almost exclusively found in Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas.

Kansas

Old: European Honeybee

New: Rainbow Scarab (Phanaeus vindex)

A kind of true dung beetle, they play an important role in removing waste. And although they don't roll waste like the stereotypical dung beetles, they are extremely pretty.

Kentucky

Viceroy Butterfly (Limenitis archippus)

This is fine.

Louisiana

Old: European Honeybee

New: Lovebug (Plecia nearartica)

Look, one of the southern states was going to get this one and Louisiana has a majority of the observations for them. Although annoying, it's things like having to scrape thousands of flies off your car that makes the Southern experience. Embrace it!

Maine

Old: European Honeybee

New: Brown Wasp Mantidfly (Climaciella brunnea)

I really wanted these guys to be somewhere on the list. Neither a wasp, mantis, or fly, these are predatory neuropterans related to lacewings. They have raptorial front legs (resembling a mantis) and their coloration resembles paper wasps that they live alongside. Weird, unique, and wonderful!

Maryland

Baltimore Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton)

This butterfly might've been picked for the resemblance of the state flag. It's in decline in it's native range, so hopefully more awareness and consideration to state insects will help push conservation efforts.

Massachusetts

Old: Ladybug

New: Hornet Clearwing Moth (Paranthrene simulans)

Hornet mimic moth, the caterpillars feed on chestnuts and oaks. All lepidopterans (moths and butterflies) have modified hairs on their wings that form the "scales" that give this order their name. For this moth though, parts of it's wings don't have any scales so it more convincingly resembles a hornet. Underneath the scales, butterfly and moth wings look pretty much like any other insect's wing. Cool!

Michigan

Old: None

New: American Salmonfly (Pteronarcys dorsata)

The biggest salmonfly in North America. They make excellent fishing bait, and several fly fisherman use salmonfly lures to catch trout. Their nymphs are also an important indicator of water quality, with them being one of the first species to disappear in the presence of pollution or contaminants.

Minnesota

Old: Monarch Butterfly

New: American Giant Water Bug (Lethocerus americanus)

Also one of the ones that had to be on the list somewhere, and the Inat heatmap says Minnesota. Toebiters are part of the experience, and they are cool and ferocious looking.

Mississippi

Old: European Honeybee

New: Eastern Eyed Click Beetle (Alaus oculatus)

Click beetles have a cool adaption that allows them to launch themselves in the air to avoid predators. This makes an audible sound, hence their common name. The Eastern Eyed Click Beetle is one of the largest and most striking click beetles in the US, with large false eyespots on their thorax.

Missouri

Old: European Honeybee

New: Goldenrod Soldier Beetle (Chauliognathus pensylvanicus)

A soldier beetle that feeds on aphids and small plant pests, these beetles also eat pollen and nectar from flowers. They don't harm the flower, and though their common name reflects their preference for goldenrod flowers, they're also an important pollinator of the prairie onion (Allium stellatum). This is a native species of onion that grows from Minnesota to Arkansas.

Montana

Old: Mourning Cloak

New: Western Sheep Moth (Hemileuca eglanterina)

Mourning Cloak butterflies do technically work for my criteria, but I wanted to showcase some more regional insects in this as well, as Mourning Cloaks are found throughout North America and Eurasia. The Western Sheep Moth is an absolutely stunning giant silk moth, found throughout the western United States. Although not as big as some other silk moths, the bold orange and black coloration on these make them absolutely stand out.

Nebraska

Old: European Honeybee

New: Blowout Tiger Beetle (Cicindela lengi)

A tiger beetle with unique patterns, these guys are active predators and are particularly difficult to spot because they run extremely quickly. They seem to be pretty cold tolerant and exist from Colorado up into Canada.

Nevada

Vivid Dancer Damselfly (Argia Vivida)

This damselfly was picked as Nevada's state insect because it's widespread throughout the state and matches the state colors, silver and blue. That gets my seal of approval!

New Hampshire

Two-spotted Lady Beetle (Adalia bipunctata)

This is fine.

New Jersey

Old: European Honeybee

New: Margined Calligrapher (Toxomerus marginatus)

A pretty hoverfly, they strongly resemble bees in both looks and behavior. Larvae feed on common plant pests such as thrips and aphids, while the adults sip nectar and pollinate flowers. These helpful attributes make it something the Garden State can appreciate!

New Mexico

Tarantula Hawk (Pepsis grossa)

New Mexico wins the official state insect list by a landslide. Not only is the tarantula hawk a super cool and formidable insect to showcase, but New Mexico's state butterfly (Sandia Hairstreak) was discovered in New Mexico. No notes 10/10!

New York

Nine-spotted Lady Beetle (Coccinella novemnotata)

A native species of lady beetle that's been in decline in recent years, New York is one of the last remaining states where they've been spotted. I also appreciate that New York designated a specific ladybug species instead of just saying "Coccinellidae species".

North Carolina

Old: European Honeybee

New: Eastern Rhinoceros Beetle (Xyloryctes jamaicensis)

A large native species of rhinoceros beetle. They breed in ash trees, and are under threat due to competition from the Emerald Ash Borer.

North Dakota

Old: None

New: Nuttall's Blister Beetle (Lytta nuttalli)

As with all blister beetles, these guys have a chemical defense. Unlike the more famous Bombardier Beetle thought, instead of being black and red they are iridescent red/purple and green.

Ohio

Old: Ladybug

New: Bald-faced Hornet (Dolichovespula maculata)

Look, when the one thing everyone knows about your state is that it sucks, it's time to lean into it. Bald-faced hornets, everyone knows them, everyone has opinions about them, and they get a lot of attention. I don't think I have to explain this one anymore.

Oklahoma

Old: European Honeybee

New: Giant Walking Stick (Megaphasma denticrus)

The largest insect in the United States. Being a native walking stick, they're less damaging than the imported invasive walking sticks that are heavily controlled.

Oregon

Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly (Papilio oregonius)

Oregon in the common name and in the species name, and also has a stamp!

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Firefly (Photuris pensylvanica)

Pennsylvania in the common name and species name. If fireflies weren't already on this list I would've made sure to include them somewhere.

Rhode Island

American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus)

When I saw this on the list I was worried. American Burying Beetles are one of my favorite insects, but they're extremely endangered now. I also thought they existed more in the midwest, so I was worried I would have to change this one because it violated the "native to the region" rule. But! To my pleasant surprise, not only did their historic range extend to Rhode Island, but there is actually a carefully maintained wild population on Block Island. They estimate between 750-1000 individuals live there, making it one of the few remaining places where the American Burying Beetle still exists. Excellent work Rhode Island!

South Carolina

Carolina Mantis (Stagmomantis carolina)

This is fine. I wanted to give South Carolina the Palmetto bug but they're actually not native.

South Dakota

Old: European Honeybee

New: Golden Northern Bumble Bee (Bombus fervidus)

"Save the bees" should really be focused on native pollinators, many of whom are in decline. There are a lot of species of native bee you can feature as a state insect, with the Golden Northern Bumble Bee being a particularly large and striking species.

Tennessee

Old: Firefly and ladybug

New: Black-waved Flannel Moth (Megalopyge crispata)

Seriously look them up, these guys are adorable.

Texas

Old: Monarch Butterfly

New: Rainbow Grasshopper (Dactylotum bicolor)

It was really hard to pick an insect for your state. The Texas Unicorn Mantis was a contender but I eliminated it because it's really only found in the southern part of Texas, so it was between the Rainbow Grasshopper and the Eastern Velvet Ant (or Cow Killer). I went with the Rainbow Grasshopper because it's more wide spread and common, and occurs everywhere except the east part of Texas. But the Eastern Velvet Ant only occurs on the east part of Texas, maybe you should get an East and West Texas insect? I also thought more people have probably already heard of the Eastern Velvet Ant than the Rainbow Grasshopper, which is a shame because they're super interesting to look at.

Utah

Old: European Honeybee

New: Mormon Cricket (Anabrus simplex)

Mormon Crickets are not true crickets, and instead closer related to katydids. Their common name comes from an early account of Latter-day Saint settlers in Utah. In 1848, a swarm of Mormon Crickets decimated the settler's crops, so the legend goes that they prayed for relief from this plague of insects. Later that year, a swarm of gulls appeared and ate the crickets, thus saving the crops. This is recounted in the "miracle of the gulls" story. To recognize their contributions, the California Gull is commemorated as Utah's state bird. I thought it was fitting then that the Mormon Cricket be recognized as your state insect.

Vermont

Old: European Honeybee

New: Long-tailed Giant Ichneumon Wasp (Megarhyssa macrurus)

A pretty wasp with an extremely long ovipositor, these wasps are common in deciduous forests across the eastern United States. They can't sting, and instead use their long ovipositor to stab into tree bark and deposit eggs on the horntail larvae that burrow into the trees.

Virginia

Old: Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly

New: Giant Stag Beetle (Lucanus elaphus)

A large stag beetle native to the Eastern United States. Although not as well known as their similar looking fellow stag beetles from Japan, these guys are a lovely chocolate brown instead of solid black. Like most stag beetles, they breed in decaying wood.

Washington

Green Darner Dragonfly (Anax junius)

I imagine this was chosen because it matches the flag.

West Virginia

Old: European Honeybee

New: Appalachian Tiger Beetle (Cicindela ancocisconensis)

This tiger beetle likes hilly terrain. As with all tiger beetles, they can be hard to spot because they run across the ground in search of prey. They are fast! But this can make it more rewarding when you finally catch up to one.

Wisconsin

Old: European Honeybee

New: Phantom Crane Fly (Bittacomorpha clavipes)

Don't believe old wive's tales about crane flies drinking gallons of blood, they are nonbiting. Those striking black and white legs are hollow, and are held out when they fly, making an extremely distinct sight that's been likened to sparklers or snowflakes.

Wyoming

Sheridan's Hairstreak (Callophrys sheridanii)

This is fine.

#insect #insects #state insect #long post #list #text post #entomology #bugblr #invertebrates #invertiblr #inverts #invert

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shewhoworshipscarlin · 8 months ago

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Anderson Bonner

Prominent Texas landowner and businessman Anderson Bonner was born enslaved in Alabama around 1839. Not much is known about his younger years. Family history states that Bonner was given as a wedding present to the daughter of his former master, who moved him from Alabama to Arkansas. Anderson may have been “refugeed” in Texas during the Civil War when nearly 100,000 enslaved people from neighboring states were forcibly brought there by slaveholders to avoid the Union Army freeing them as it gradually occupied more of the Confederacy. If Bonner was in Texas by 1865, he—like other Lone Star state enslaved people—gained his freedom when Union General Gordon Granger and Union Troops under his command arrived in Galveston on June 19, 1865 and pronounced the end of slavery. That announcement became the basis for the Juneteenth holiday.

Sometime in 1865 Bonner married a woman known only as Eliza. Over time the couple had ten children, Anderson Jr, Newton, William, Ed, John, Andy, Mary, Martha, Charlie and Nash. Bonner arrived in Dallas, Texas, around 1870 with his brother Louis, and sister Caroline and they worked on a farm in the White Rock Creek area. Bonner by this time had acquired modest wealth. The 1870 Census lists his financial worth at $275 or approximately $5,456 in 2020 dollars. On August 10, 1874 Bonner purchased sixty acres of land, signing the deed with an “X”, as he never learned to read or write. He soon began leasing his land and the houses on it to cotton growing sharecroppers. With the money he earned, he bought more land. Bonner eventually amassed over two thousand acres of land in what is now North Dallas and the Dallas suburb of Richardson. The Medical City Dallas Hospital now sits on what was once the Bonner farm and the North Central Expressway divides Bonner’s original property.

Census records in 1900 reveal that six of the ten Bonner children still lived on the Bonner farm. Cotton, corn, and fruits were grown on the family farm worked mostly by Bonner, his children, and sharecroppers. Bonner’s sister, Caroline married into the Fields family, and one of her children married into the Giddings family, both prominent African American families of Dallas in the late 19th Century. In 1903, Eliza was killed in a oil lamp explosion in the family home. Sixty-four-year-old Bonner then married a woman named Lucinda, but the couple had no children.

Anderson Bonner passed away at the age of 82 in 1920. He was buried in White Rock Colored Union Cemetery (now White Rock Garden of Memories Cemetery), in Addison county. His descendants established the Anderson Bonner Endowment Scholarship that helps support Richardson Public School students who attend Prairie View A&M University. The first public school for black children in the North Dallas, the Vickery and Hillcrest school was renamed the Anderson Bonner School before its closing in 1955. The city of Dallas officially named the park west of Medical City Hospital, Anderson Bonner Park in 1976. The park consists of 44.1 acres of Bonner’s original land.

#historical #black history month #land owner #formerly enslaved

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lonestarflight · 1 year ago

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Apollo Program: Block I Command and Service Modules

The Apollo Command and Service Module (CSM) contract was award to North American Aviation on November 28, 1961. At the time, the plan was to land the entire CSM on the lunar surface via the direct ascent and the initial design did not include a means to dock with another spacecraft. Later on this was changed to the lunar orbit rendezvous and lunar landing would be preform via the Lunar Module. This required a major redesign of the CSM and in 1963, NASA decided the most efficient way to keep the program on track was to proceed with the development in two versions:

Block I: the preliminary version for early low Earth orbit test flights only.

Block II: the new lunar-capable version, which included a docking hatch, incorporating weight reduction and lessons learned from the Block I.

The CSM Block I was to be used for all uncrewed Saturn IB (AS-201 & AS-202) and Saturn V (AS-501 & AS-502) test flights, plus two manned missions. This was changed to only one in late 1966, being Apollo AS-204, aka Apollo 1. After the Apollo 1 fire all manned missions were to use the improved Block II versions.

Block I Command and Service Modules produced:

CSM-001: systems compatibility test vehicle, used on propulsion tests at White Sands Missile Range. Completed tests on September 7, 1968. CSM scrapped.

CSM-002: used for powered on tumble abort tests, flew on A-004 Little Joe II, January 20, 1966, at White Sands Missile Range. Modified to 002A.

CM-002A: used to in land drop tests. Modified to 002B

CM-002B: used on pogo tests at Downey, California. Modified to BP-23. On display

On display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum, Garden City, New York.

CSM-003: cancelled before construction began

CSM-004: structural tests, CM modified to 004B.

CM-004A: Used for Thermal and dynamic tests, redesignated BP-27 on the Saturn I Block II (SA-5D). On display.

On display with the Saturn I Block II Dynamic Test Vehicle at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.

CM-004B: Tested a new unified hatch design at Downey, California. CM offered to Smithson but declined, later scrapped by Rockwell at Downey, CA.

CSM-005: cancelled before construction began

CSM-006: CM used for systems capability tests and modified to Block II for ESC tests at AiResearch in Los Angeles, CA. Later used for demonstrating tumbling debris removal systems. CM offered to Smithsonian but declined, later scrapped. SM redesignated as SM-010, on display with BP-23A.

BP-23A and SM-010 on display at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.

CSM-007: various tests including acoustic vibration and drop tests, and used as a ground test vehicle. CM modified to 007A. SM used for fitcheck of docked model facility, current location is unknown.

CM-007A: used by Astronauts for water egress training, water-survival training and extended recovery training in the Gulf of Mexico. CM was refitted with Block II improvements. Underwent testing for Skylab at the McKinley Climatic Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Florida, 1971–1973. On display.

CM-007A is on display at the Seattle Museum of Flight, Seattle, WA.

CSM-008: complete systems spacecraft used in thermal vacuum tests. CM modified to 008A, SM offered to Smithsonian but declined (August 1973), later scrapped by Rockwell International at Downey, CA May 1977.

CSM-008 in Chamber A at JSC.

CM-008A: used in land tests at Downey, CA. CM scrapped by March 1971.

CSM-009: flew on AS-201 (later designated Apollo 2), CM modified to 009A.

CM-009A: modified with support structural tests for land impacts. CM offered to Smithsonian but declined, on display.

On display at the Strategic Air and Space Museum in Ashland, Nebraska

CSM-010: originally intended for a launch abort test, mission cancelled and CM was modified into 004A. SM cancelled.

CSM-011: flew on AS-202 (later designated Apollo 3), CM modified to 011A.

CM-011A: used on land impacts tests and extensively damaged. CM offered to Smithsonian and is on display.

On display at the USS Hornet Museum in Alameda, California.

CSM-012: intended for AS-204 (Apollo 1). CM is in storage at Langley Research Center. SM scrapped. Hatch on Display.

Apollo 1 hatch on display at the Kennedy Space Center.

CSM-013: cancelled before construction began

CSM-014: intended for AS-205 (Apollo 2). CM disassembled as part of Apollo 1 investigation and modified to 014A. SM used on AS-502 (Apollo 6).

CM-014A: ground testing. CM Scrapped May 1977.

CSM-015: CM cancelled before construction began. SM-015 was used with BP-30 and LES-014 for Swing Arm tests and backup spacecraft for Apollo 6. On display.

On display at the Kennedy Space Center.

CSM-016: CSM cancelled before construction began. Only the launch escape tower (LES) completed, on display with BP-27 the Saturn I Block II (SA-5D) at U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.

CSM-017: flew on Apollo 4 (AS-501). CM on display. SM destroyed when the propellant tank explosion during ground testing. CM on display.

On display at the Stennis Space Center in St. Louis, Mississippi.

CSM-018: cancelled before construction began

CSM-019: cancelled before construction began

CSM-020: flew on Apollo 6 (SA-502). SM flew on Apollo 4. CM on display.

On display at the Fernbank Science Center in Atlanta, Georgia.

source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source

NASA ID: link, link, JSC-03600, S66-59204

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goalhofer · 4 months ago

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2024 olympics U.S.A. roster

Archery

Brady Ellison (Chula Vista, California)

Catalina Gnoriega (Mexicali, Mexico)

Casey Kaufhold (Lancaster, Pennsylvania)

Jennifer Mucino-Fernandez (Ciudad Mexico, Mexico)

Athletics

Capers Williamson (Greenville, South Carolina)

Kenneth Bednarek (Rice Lake, Wisconsin)

Fred Kerley (Taylor, Texas)

Noah Lyles (Alexandria, Virginia)

Erriyon Knighton (Tampa, Florida)

Christopher Bailey (Atlanta, Georgia)

Quincy Hall (Kansas City, Missouri)

Michael Norman; Jr. (Murrieta, California)

Bryce Hoppel (Midland, Texas)

Hobbs Kessler (Ann Arbor, Michigan)

Brandon Miller (St. Louis, Missouri)

Cole Hocker (Indianapolis, Indiana)

Yared Nuguse (Louisville, Kentucky)

Grant Fisher (Park City, Utah)

Abdi Nur (Phoenix, Arizona)

William Kincaid (Littleton, Colorado)

Nico Young (Newbury Park, California)

Freddie Crittenden III (Shelby Township, Michigan)

Stanley Holloway; Jr. (Chesapeake, Virginia)

Daniel Roberts (Hampton, Georgia)

C.J. Allen (Mason County, Washington)

Trevor Bassitt (Richland Township, Ohio)

Rai Benjamin (Mt. Vernon, New York)

James Corrigan (Los Angeles, California)

Kenneth Rooks (College Place, Washington)

Matthew Wilkinson (Minnetonka, Minnesota)

Quincy Wilson (Gaithersburg, Maryland)

Leonard Korir (Colorado Springs, Colorado)

Conner Mantz (Smithfield, Utah)

Clayton Young (American Fork, Utah)

Salif Mane (Bronx, New York)

Donald Scott (Apopka, Florida)

Shelby McEwen (Abbeville, Mississippi)

Sam Kendricks (Oxford, Mississippi)

Chris Nilsen (Kansas City, Missouri)

Jacob Wooten (Tomball, Texas)

Ryan Crouser (Clackamas County, Oregon)

Joe Kovacs (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania)

Payton Otterdahl (Rosemount, Minnesota)

Joseph Brown (Mansfield, Texas)

Andrew Evans (Portage, Michigan)

Curtis Thompson (Florence Township, New Jersey)

Daniel Haugh (Marietta, Georgia)

Rudy Winkler (Sand Lake, New York)

Heath Baldwin (Kalamazoo, Michigan)

Harrison Williams (Houston, Texas)

Zach Ziemek (Addison Township, Illinois)

Malcolm Clemens (Oakland, California)

Vernon Turner (Yukon, Oklahoma)

Jeremiah Davis (Lee County, Florida)

Jarrion Lawson (Texarkana, Texas)

Russell Robinson (Winter Garden, Florida)

JuVaughn Harrison (Huntsville, Alabama)

Sam Mattis (East Brunswick Township, New Jersey)

Graham Blanks (Athens, Georgia)

Christian Coleman (Fayetteville, Georgia)

Courtney Lindsey (Rock Island, Illinois)

Kyree King (Ontario, California)

Vernon Norwood (New Orleans, Louisiana)

Bryce Dedmon (MIssouri City, Texas)

Melissa Jefferson (Georgetown, South Carolina)

Sha'Carri Richardson (Dallas, Texas)

Twanisha Terry (Miami, Florida)

Brittany Brown (Upland, California)

McKenzie Long (Pickerington, Ohio)

Gabby Thomas (Northampton, Massachusetts)

Aaliyah Butler (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida)

Kendall Ellis (Pembroke Pines, Florida)

Alexis Holmes (Hamden, Connecticut)

Nia Akins (San Diego, California)

Juliette Whittaker (Laurel, Maryland)

Isabella Whittaker (Laurel, Maryland)

Allie Wilson (Nether Providence Township, Pennsylvania)

Emily Mackay (Union, New York)

Elle Purrier-St. Pierre (Montgomery, Vermont)

Elise Cranny (Boulder County, Colorado)

Karissa Schweizer (Urbandale, Iowa)

Weini Kelati-Frezghi (Leesburg, Virginia)

Alaysha Johnson (Houston, Texas)

Masai Russell (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Grace Stark (White Lake Charter Township, Michigan)

Anna Cockrell (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Jasmine Jones (Atlanta, Georgia)

Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone (Dunellen, New Jersey)

Valerie Constien (Vail, Colorado)

Marisa Howard (Boise, Idaho)

Courtney Wayment-Smith (Layton, Utah)

Dakotah Lindwurm (St. Francis, Minnesota)

Fiona O'Keeffe (Davis, California)

Emily Sisson (Chesterfield, Missouri)

Tara Davis-Woodhall (Agoura Hills, California)

Jasmine Moore (Grand Prairie, Texas)

Monae Nichols (Winter Haven, Florida)

Tori Franklin (Chicago, Illinois)

Keturah Orji (Mt. Olive Township, New Jersey)

Vashti Cunningham (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Rachel Glenn (Long Beach, California)

Brynn King (Montgomery County, Texas)

Katie Moon (Olmsted Falls, Ohio)

Bridget Williams (Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania)

Chase Jackson (Los Alamos County, New Mexico)

Jaida Ross (Medford, Oregon)

Raven Saunders (Charleston, South Carolina)

Valarie Allman (Longmont, Colorado)

Veronica Fraley (Zebulon, North Carolina)

Maggie Malone-Hardin (Lincoln, Nebraska)

Annette Echikunwoke (Pickerington, Ohio)

DeAnna Price (Troy, Missouri)

Erin Reese (Elk Grove Township, Illinois)

Taliyah Brooks (Wichita Falls, Texas)

Anna Hall (Douglas County, Colorado)

Chari Hawkins (Rexburg, Idaho)

Whittni Morgan (Panguitch, Utah)

Parker Valby (Tampa, Florida)

Rachel Tanczos (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania)

Jayden Ulrich (Wood River, Illinois)

Aleia Hobbs (New Orleans, Louisiana)

Tamari Davis (Gainesville, Florida)

Kaylyn Brown (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Quanera Hayes (Hope Mills, North Carolina)

Shamier Little (Chicago, Illinois)

Badminton

Joshua Yuan (Fremont, California)

Howard Shu (Los Angeles, California)

Vinson Chiu (Milpitas, California)

Zhang Beiwen (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Annie Xu (San José, California)

Kerry Xu (San José, California)

Jennie Gai (Fremont, California)

Basketball

Wardell Curry; Jr. (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Anthony Edwards (Atlanta, Georgia)

LeBron James (Akron, Ohio)

Kevin Durant (Rockville, Maryland)

Kawhi Leonard (Riverside, California)

Tyrese Haliburton (Oshkosh, Wisconsin)

Jayson Tatum (Creve Coeur, Missouri)

Joel Embiid (Gainesville, Florida)

Jrue Holiday (Los Angeles, California)

Edrice Adebayo (Pinetown, North Carolina)

Anthony Davis; Jr. (Chicago, Illinois)

Devin Booker (Moss Point, Mississippi)

Canyon Barry (Colorado Springs, Colorado)

Jim Fredette (Glens Falls, New York)

Kareem Maddox (Ventura County, California)

Dylan Travis (Bellevue, Nebraska)

Jewell Loyd (Niles Township, Illinois)

Kelsey Plum (La Jolla, California)

Sabrina Ionescu (Orinda, California)

Kahleah Copper (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Chelsea Gray (Manteca, California)

A'Ja Wilson (Columbia, South Carolina)

Breanna Stewart (Cicero, New York)

Napheesa Collier (Jefferson City, Missouri)

Diana Taurasi (Chino, California)

Jackie Young (Princeton, Indiana)

Alyssa Thomas (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)

Brittney Griner (Houston, Texas)

Cassidie Burdick (Matthews, North Carolina)

Dearica Hamby (Norcross, Georgia)

Rhyne Howard (Cleveland, Tennessee)

Hailey Van Lith (Wenatchee, Washington)

Boxing

Roscoe Hill (Houston, Texas)

Jahmal Harvey (Prince George's County, Maryland)

Omari Jones (Orlando, Florida)

Joshua Edwards (Houston, Texas)

Jennifer Lozano (Laredo, Texas)

Alyssa Mendoza (Caldwell, Idaho)

Jajaira Gonzalez (Glendora, California)

Morelle McCane (Cleveland, Ohio)

Breakdancing

Jeff Louis (Houston, Texas)

Victor Montalvo (Kissimmee, Florida)

Logan Edra (Chula Vista, California)

Sunny Choi (Queens, New York)

Canoeing

Casey Eichfeld (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Aaron Small (Seattle, Washington)

Jonas Ecker (Bellingham, Washington)

Evy Leibfarth (Sylva, North Carolina)

Nevin Harrison (Seattle, Washington)

Cycling

Marcus Christopher (Canton, Ohio)

Cameron Wood (Great Falls, Montana)

Matteo Jorgenson (Boise, Idaho)

Brandon McNulty (Phoenix, Arizona)

Magnus Sheffield (Pittsford, New York)

Grant Koontz (Houston, Texas)

Riley Amos (Durango, Colorado)

Christopher Blevins (Durango, Colorado)

Justin Dowell (Virginia Beach, Virginia)

Kamren Larsen (Bakersfield, California)

Daleny Vaughn (Tucson, Arizona)

Chloé Dygert (Brownsburg, Indiana)

Olivia Cummins (Ft. Collins, Colorado)

Kristen Faulkner (Homer, Alaska)

Jennifer Valente (San Diego, California)

Lily Williams (Tallahassee, Florida)

Haley Batten (Park City, Utah)

Savilia Blunk (Marin County, California)

Perris Benegas (Raleigh, North Carolina)

Hannah Roberts (Buchanan, Michigan)

Felicia Stancil (Lake Villa Township, Illinois)

Alise Willoughby (St. Cloud, Minnesota)

Diving

Andrew Capobianco (Holly Springs, North Carolina)

Carson Tyler (Moultrie, Georgia)

Tyler Downs (Ballwin, Missouri)

Greg Duncan (Fairfax County, Virginia)

Daryn Wright (Plainfield, Indiana)

Sarah Bacon (Indianapolis, Indiana)

Alison Gibson (Houston, Texas)

Delaney Schnell (Tucson, Arizona)

Kassidy Cook (Montgomery County, Texas)

Jessica Parratto (Dover, New Hampshire)

Equestrian

Marcus Orlob (Palm Beach County, Florida)

Steffen Peters (San Diego, California)

William Coleman III (Madison County, Virginia)

Boyd Martin (West Fallowfield Township, Pennsylvania)

Kent Farrington (Chicago, Illinois)

McLain Ward (Southeast, New York)

Caroline Pamukcu (Springhill, Pennsylvania)

Adrienne Lyle (Coupeville, Washington)

Laura Kraut (Camden, South Carolina)

Fencing

Colin Heathcock (Beijing, China)

Filip Dolegiewicz (Park Ridge, Illinois)

Nick Itkin (Los Angeles, California)

Alexander Massialas (San Francisco, California)

Gerek Meinhardt (San Francisco, California)

Miles Chamley-Watson (New York, New York)

Eli Dershwitz (Sherborn, Massachusetts)

Mitchell Saron (Ridgewood, New Jersey)

Anne Cebula (New York, New York)

Hadley Husisian (Fairfax County, Virginia)

Margherita Guzzi-Vincenti (Delafield Township, Wisconsin)

Lauren Scruggs (Queens, New York)

Tatiana Nazlymov (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Magda Skarbonkiewicz (Portland, Oregon)

Elizabeth Tartakovsky (Livingston Township, New Jersey)

Maia Chamberlain (Menlo Park, California)

Kat Holmes (Washington, D.C.)

Jacqueline Dubrovich (Maplewood Township, New Jersey)

Lee Kiefer (Lexington, Kentucky)

Maia Weintraub (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Field Hockey

Kelee Lepage (Honey Brook, Pennsylvania)

Abigail Tamer (Dexter, Michigan)

Ashley Sessa (Royersford, Pennsylvania)

Megan Valzonis (San Diego, California)

Brooke DeBerdine (Millersville, Pennsylvania)

Emma DeBerdine (Millersville, Pennsylvania)

Madeleine Zimmer (Derry Township, Pennsylvania)

Amanda Golini (Randolph Township, New Jersey)

Ashley Hoffman (Mohnton, Pennsylvania)

Elizabeth Yeager (Greenwich, Connecticut)

Leah Crouse (Virginia Beach, Virginia)

Alexandra Hammel (Duxbury, Massachusetts)

Sophia Gladieux (Olney Township, Pennsylvania)

Karlie Kisha (Hamburg, Pennsylvania)

Kelsey Bing (Houston, Texas)

Meredith Sholder (Alburtis, Pennsylvania)

Soccer

Patrick Schulte (St. Charles, Missouri)

Gabriel Slonina (Addison Township, Illinois)

Nathan Harriel (Oldsmar, Florida)

John Tolkin (Chatham, New Jersey)

Maximilian Dietz (New York, New York)

Caleb Wiley (Atlanta, Georgia)

Walker Zimmerman (Lawrenceville, Georgia)

Miles Robinson (Arlington, Massachusetts)

Francis Tessmann (Birmingham, Alabama)

Djordje Mihailović (Chicago, Illinois)

Jack McGlynn (Queens, New York)

Gianluca Busio (Kansas City, Missouri)

Benjamín Cremaschi (Miami, Florida)

Paxten Aaronson (Medford Township, New Jersey)

Duncan McGuire (Omaha, Nebraska)

Taylor Booth (Weber County, Utah)

Griffin Yow (Clifton, Virginia)

Kevin Paredes (Loudoun County, Virginia)

Alyssa Naeher (Bridgeport, Connecticut)

Emily Fox (Loudoun County, Virginia)

Korbin Albert (Avon Township, Illinois)

Naomi Girma-Aweke (San José, California)

Trinity Rodman-Moyer (Newport Beach, California)

Casey Krueger (Naperville, Illinois)

Crystal Soubrier (Hempstead, New York)

Catarina Macário (San Diego, California)

Mallory Swanson (Chicago, Illinois)

Lindsey Horan (Golden, Colorado)

Sophia Smith (Windsor, Colorado)

Tierna Davidson (Menlo Park, California)

Jenna Nighswonger (Newport Beach, California)

Emily Sonnett (Marietta, Georgia)

Jaedyn Shaw (Frisco, Texas)

Rose Lavelle (Cincinnati, Ohio)

Samantha Coffey (Mt. Pleasant, New York)

Casey Murphy (Bridgewater Township, New Jersey)

Carolyn Campbell (Kennesaw, Georgia)

Croix Bethune (Alpharetta, Georgia)

Katherine Hershfelt (Marietta, Georgia)

Lynn Williams (Fresno, California)

Golf

Wyndham Clark (Scottsdale, Arizona)

Collin Morikawa (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Xander Schauffele (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Scottie Scheffler (Dallas, Texas)

Nelly Korda (Bradenton, Florida)

Lilia Vu (Fountain Valley, California)

Rose Zhang (Irvine, California)

Gymnastics

Asher Hong (Tomball, Texas)

Paul Juda (Vernon Township, Illinois)

John Malone (Sarasota, Florida)

Stephen Nedoroscik (Sarasota, Florida)

Fred Richard (Stoughton, Massachusetts)

Aliaksei Shostak (Lafayette, Indiana)

Simone Biles-Owens (Houston, Texas)

Jade Carey (Corvallis, Oregon)

Jordan Chiles (Los Angeles, California)

Suni Lee (Auburn, Alabama)

Hezly Rivera (Plano, Texas)

Evita Griškėnas (Orland Township, Illinois)

Jessica Stevens (Howard County, Maryland)

Judo

Jack Yonezuka (West Long Branch, New Jersey)

John Jayne (Chicago, Illinois)

Marie Laborde (Kenosha, Wisconsin)

Angelica Delgado (Miami, Florida)

Pentathlon

Jess Davis (Bethlehem, Connecticut)

Rowing

William Bender (Norwich, Vermont)

Oliver Bub (Westport, Connecticut)

Ben Davison (Inverness, Florida)

Sorin Koszyk (Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan)

Chris Carlson (Bedford, New Hampshire)

Peter Chatain (New Trier Township, Illinois)

Henry Hollingsworth (Dover, Massachusetts)

Rielly Milne (Woodinville, Washington)

Evan Olson (Bothell, Washington)

Pieter Quinton (Portland, Oregon)

Nicholas Rusher (West Bend, Wisconsin)

Christian Tabash (Alexandria, Virginia)

James Plihal (St. Louis, Missouri)

Justin Best (Kennett Square, Pennsylvania)

Liam Corrigan (Old Lyme, Connecticut)

Michael Grady (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)

Nick Mead (Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania)

Clark Dean (Sarasota, Florida)

Azja Czajkowski (Chula Vista, California)

Sophia Vitas (Franklin, Wisconsin)

Kristi Wagner (Weston, Massachusetts)

Emily Kallfelz (Jamestown, Rhode Island)

Kaitlin Knifton (Austin, Texas)

Mary Mazzio-Manson (Wellsley, Massachusetts)

Kelsey Reelick (Brookfield, Connecticut)

Teal Cohen (Dallas, Texas)

Emily Delleman (Davenport, Iowa)

Grace Joyce (Northfield Township, Illinois)

Lauren O'Connor (Westfield, Massachusetts)

Cristina Castagna (Cincinnati, Ohio)

Claire Collins (Fairfax County, Virginia)

Margaret Hedeman (Concord, Massachusetts)

Kara Kohler (Clayton, California)

Jessica Thoennes (Madison, Wisconsin)

Mary Reckford (Millburn Township, New Jersey)

Michelle Sechser (San Luis Obispo, California)

Molly Bruggeman (Dayton, Ohio)

Charlotte Buck (Orangetown, New York)

Olivia Coffey (Elmira, New York)

Meghan Musnicki (Naples, New York)

Regina Salmons (Methuen, Massachusetts)

Madeleine Wanamaker (Neenah, Wisconsin)

Rugby

Aaron Cummings (Grand Haven, Michigan)

Orrin Bizer (Montgomery County, Texas)

Naima Fuala'au (Hayward, California)

Malacchi Esdale (Newark, Delaware)

Kisi Unufe (Provo, Utah)

Matai Leuta (Seaside, California)

Marcus Tupuola (Carson, California)

Kevon Williams (Houston, Texas)

Stephen Tomasin (Santa Rosa, California)

Madison Hughes (Lancaster, Massachusetts)

Perry Baker (Port Orange, Florida)

Lucas Lacamp (San Diego, California)

Ariana Ramsey (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Sarah Levy (San Diego, California)

Alexandria Sedrick (Herriman, Utah)

Alena Olsen (Grand Rapids, Michigan)

Leyla Kelter (Anchorage, Alaska)

Ilona Maher (Burlington, Vermont)

Kayla Canett (Fallbrook, California)

Kristi Kirsche (Franklin, Massachusetts)

Lauren Doyle (Macon, Illinois)

Naya Tapper (Charlotte, North Carolina)

Samantha Sullivan (Fayetteville, North Carolina)

Stephanie Rovetti (Reno, Nevada)

Sailing

Noah Lyons (Clearwater, Florida)

Markus Edegran (West Palm Beach, Florida)

Ian Barrows (St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands)

David Liebenberg (Richmond, California)

Hans Henken (Laguna Beach, California)

Stuart McNay (Marion, Massachusetts)

Dominique Stater (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Erika Reineke (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida)

Sarah Newberry-Moore (Miami, Florida)

Daniela Moroz (Berkeley, California)

Stephanie Roble (East Troy, Wisconsin)

Maggie Shea (New Trier Township, Illinois)

Lara Dallman-Weiss (Miami, Florida)

Shooting

Sgt. Ivan Roe (Manhattan, Montana)

Will Hinton (Dacula, Georgia)

Conner Prince (Burleson, Texas)

Henry Leverett (Bainbridge, Georgia)

Sfc. Keith Sanderson (Plymouth, Massachusetts)

Derrick Mein (Paola, Kansas)

Vincent Hancock (Ft. Worth, Texas)

Katelyn Abeln (Douglasville, Georgia)

Ada Korkhin (Brookline, Massachusetts)

Ryann Phillips (Borden County, Texas)

Sgt. Sagen Maddelena (Woodland, California)

Mary Tucker (Pineville, North Carolina)

Alexis Lagan (Boulder City, Nevada)

Rachel Tozier (Pattonsburg, Missouri)

Austen Smith (Dallas, Texas)

Dania Vizzi (Pasco County, Florida)

Skateboarding

Gavin Bottger (Vista, California)

Tate Carew (San Diego, California)

Chris Joslin (Cerritos, California)

Tom Schaar (Malibu, California)

Jagger Eaton (Mesa, Arizona)

Nyjah Huston (Davis, California)

Ruby Lilley (Oceanside, California)

Minna Stess (Petaluma, California)

Paige Heyn (Tempe, Arizona)

Poe Pinson (Fernandina Beach, Florida)

Bryce Wettstein (Encinitas, California)

Mariah Duran (Albuquerque, New Mexico)

Swimming

Caeleb Dressel (Orange Park, Florida)

Chris Guiliano (Amity Township, Pennsylvania)

Jack Alexy (Mendham Borough, New Jersey)

Luke Hobson (Reno, Nevada)

Aaron Shackell (Carmel, Indiana)

Kieran Smith (Ridgefield, Connecticut)

Robert Finke (Clearwater, Florida)

Luke Whitlock (Noblesville, Indiana)

David Johnston (Lake Forest, California)

Joseph Armstrong (Dover, Ohio)

Ryan Murphy (Jacksonville, Florida)

Keaton Jones (Gilbert, Arizona)

Nic Fink (Morristown, New Jersey)

Charlie Swanson (Richmond, Virginia)

Matthew Fallon (Warren Township, New Jersey)

Josh Matheny (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)

Thomas Heilman (Albemarle County, Virginia)

Luca Urlando (Sacramento, California)

Shaine Casas (McAllen, Texas)

Carson Foster (Cincinnati, Ohio)

Chase Kalisz (Harford County, Maryland)

Ryan Held (Springfield, Illinois)

Matt King (Snohomish, Washington)

Brooks Curry (Dunwoody, Georgia)

Drew Kibler (Carmel, Indiana)

B.J. Pieroni (Chesterton, Indiana)

Ivan Puskovitch (West Chester, Pennsylvania)

Jaime Czarkowski (Calgary, Alberta)

Keana Hunter (Issaquah, Washington)

Audrey Kwon (Seattle, Washington)

Jacklyn Luu (Milpitas, California)

Daniella Ramirez (Miami, Florida)

Ruby Remati (Andover, Massachusetts)

Megumi Field (Cerritos, California)

Anita Alvarez (Buffalo, New York)

Simone Manuel (Sugar Land, Texas)

Gretchen Walsh (Nashville, Tennessee)

Alexandra Walsh (Greenwich, Connecticut)

Kate Douglass (Pelham, New York)

Torri Huske (Arlington County, Virginia)

Erin Gemmell (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Claire Weinstein (White Plains, New York)

Katie Ledecky (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Paige Madden (Mobile, Alabama)

Katie Grimes (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Katherine Berkoff (Missoula, Montana)

Regan Smith (Lakeville, Minnesota)

Phoebe Bacon (Chevy Chase, Maryland)

Lilly King (Evansville, Indiana)

Emma Weber (Denver, Colorado)

Alexandra Shackell (Carmel, Indiana)

Emma Weyant (Sarasota, Florida)

Erika Connolly (Cornelius, North Carolina)

Abbey Weitzeil (Santa Clarita, California)

Anna Peplowski (Metamora Township, Illinois)

Mariah Denigan (Fairfield, Ohio)

Rock climbing

Zach Hammer (Salt Lake City, Utah)

Colin Duffy (Broomfield, Colorado)

Jesse Grupper (New York, New York)

Sam Watson (Southlake, Texas)

Natalia Grossman (Boulder, Colorado)

Brooke Raboutou (Boulder, Colorado)

Emma Hunt (Woodstock, Georgia)

Piper Kelly (Indianapolis, Indiana)

Surfing

Griffin Colapinto (San Clemente, California)

John Florence (Honolulu County, Hawaii)

Caroline Marks (Melbourne Beach, Florida)

Carissa Moore (Honolulu, Hawaii)

Caitlin Simmers (Oceanside, California)

Table tennis

Kanak Jha (Milpitas, California)

Rachel Sung (San José, California)

Amy Wang (Mantua Township, New Jersey)

Lily Zhang (Redwood City, California)

Taekwondo

Carl Nickolas; Jr. (Brentwood, California)

Jonathan Healy (Houston, Texas)

Faith Dillon (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Kristina Teachout (Palm Bay, Florida)

Tennis

Christopher Eubanks (Atlanta, Georgia)

Taylor Fritz (Rancho Palos Verdes, California)

Marcos Girón (Thousand Oaks, California)

Tommy Paul (Boca Raton, Florida)

Austin Krajicek (Plano, Texas)

Rajeev Ram (Carmel, Indiana)

Danielle Collins (St. Petersburg, Florida)

Cori Gauff (Delray Beach, Florida)

Emma Navarro (Charleston, South Carolina)

Jessica Pegula (Boca Raton, Florida)

Desirae Krawczyk (Palm Desert, California)

Trialthlon

Morgan Pearson (Boulder, Colorado)

Seth Rider (Germantown, Tennessee)

Kirsten Kasper (Boulder, Colorado)

Taylor Knibb (Boulder, Colorado)

Taylor Spivey (Redondo Beach, California)

Volleyball

Andy Benesh (Rancho Palos Verdes, California)

Miles Partain (Los Angeles, California)

Miles Evans (Santa Barbara, California)

Chase Budinger (Carlsbad, California)

Matt Anderson (West Seneca, New York)

Aaron Russell (Howard County, Maryland)

Jeff Jendryk II (Evanston, Illinois)

T.J. DeFalco (Huntington Beach, California)

Micah Christenson (Honolulu, Hawaii)

Maxwell Holt (Cincinnati, Ohio)

Micah Ma'a (Honolulu County, Hawaii)

Thomas Jaeschke (Wheaton, Illinois)

Garrett Muagututia (Oceanside, California)

Taylor Averill (Portland, Oregon)

David Smith (Santa Clarita, California)

Erik Shoji (Honolulu, Hawaii)

Taryn Kloth (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)

Kelly Cheng (Fullerton, California)

Sarah Hughes (Costa Mesa, California)

Jordyn Poulter (Aurora, Colorado)

Avery Skinner (Katy, Texas)

Justine Wong-Orantes (Cypress, California)

Lauren Carlini (Aurora, Illinois)

Jordan Larson (Hooper, Nebraska)

Annie Drews (Elkhart, Indiana)

Jordan Thompson (Edina, Minnesota)

Haleigh Washington (Clear Creek County, Colorado)

Dana Rettke (Riverside Township, Illinois)

Kathryn Plummer (Aliso Viejo, California)

Kelsey Cook (Hanover Township, Illinois)

Chiaka Ogbogu (Coppell, Texas)

Water polo

Adrian Weinberg (Los Angeles, California)

Chase Dodd (Huntington Beach, California)

Ryder Dodd (Huntington Beach, California)

Johnny Hooper (Los Angeles, California)

Marko Vavic (Rancho Palos Verdes, California)

Alex Obert (Loomis, California)

Hannes Daube (Long Beach, California)

Luca Cupido (Newport Beach, California)

Ben Hallock (Los Angeles, California)

Dylan Woodhead (San Anselmo, California)

Alex Bowen (San Diego, California)

Max Irving (Long Beach, California)

Drew Holland (Orinda, California)

Tara Prentice (Murrieta, California)

Jenna Flynn (San José, California)

Jewel Roemer (Lafayette, California)

Emily Ausmus (Riverside, California)

Jovana Sekulic (Newtown Township, Pennsylvania)

Ashleigh Johnson (Miami, Florida)

Maddie Musselman (Newport Beach, California)

Rachel Fattal (Los Alamitos, California)

Maggie Steffens (Danville, California)

Jordan Raney (Santa Monica, California)

Ryann Neushul (Santa Barbara County, California)

Kaleigh Gilchrist (Newport Beach, California)

Amanda Longan (Moorpark, California)

Weightlifting

Hampton Morris (Marrieta, Georgia)

Wes Kitts (Knoxville, Tennessee)

Jourdan Delacruz (Wylie, Texas)

Olivia Reeves (Chattanooga, Tennessee)

Mary Theisen-Lappen (Eau Claire, Wisconsin)

Wrestling

Payton Jacobson (Elkhorn, Wisconsin)

Spencer Lee (Murrysville, Pennsylvania)

Zain Retherford (Benton, Pennsylvania)

Kyle Dake (Lansing, New York)

Aaron Brooks (Hagerstown, Maryland)

Kyle Snyder (Montgomery County, Maryland)

Mason Parris (Lawrenceburg, Indiana)

Kamal Bey (Oak Park Township, Illinois)

Joe Rau (Chicago, Illinois)

Adam Coon (Handy Township, Michigan)

Sarah Hildebrandt (Clay Township, Indiana)

Dominique Parrish (Scotts Valley, California)

Helen Maroulis (Marquette, Michigan)

Kayla Miracle (Iowa City, Iowa)

Amit Elor (Walnut Creek, California)

Kennedy Blades (Chicago, Illinois)

6 notes · View notes

theelispace · 11 months ago

Note

The 12 Worst Things of New Jersey (The State I live in)

1. Would it kill you to say "please"?

Chivalry and etiquette are foreign concepts to many New Jerseyans. And it’s fair to assume that on any given day, you’ll encounter an impatient, impolite, disrespectful or downright nasty human-being who shares your lovely Garden State. Not every resident is a hollering, boorish brute, but take a roadtrip to the American south and you’ll realize that the stereotypes about northeasterners being rude are pretty much true.

2. Our traffic mimics "Mad Max"

Infuriating traffic makes sense for our most-densely-populated state. But does everyone have to be such an impatient, over-aggressive maniac? And don’t even start with the maddening array of jughandles and traffic circles.

3. NJ Transit's cruel tricks

To plan your day with the notion that NJ Transit's train or bus will arrive on schedule is to also account for bouts of rage as your pickup becomes delayed — and then canceled altogether. How could it get worse? Oh yeah, how about a crumbling infrastructure?

4. Our eternal civil war

Want to start a meaningless argument at your next dinner party? Ask the table “Where’s the line between North and South Jersey?” and then sit back as everyone spouts a meaningless opinion. Here’s the thing: There are no definitive, state-slicing barriers now, and there never will be. Let it go. (Plus, if we don’t unite, how will we ever conquer Delaware?)

5. And another thing ... our food battles

The pork roll vs. taylor ham discussion is worthy of its own slaughter. The stupid box says Taylor pork roll, people! Both sides are correct. Just let us enjoy our nitrate-soaked meat circles in peace. The same goes for subs/hoagies, Italian ice/water ice and sprinkles/jimmies. A state divided by its snacks is a state on the brink of collapse.

6. The soul-crushing property taxes

This gripe is based purely on fact: New Jersey boasts the highest property taxes in America, by far. The in-state average is now above $8,000 per household. Alabama, and its median property tax rate of $398, sounds awesome right about now.

7. The Pulaski Skyway

Between the merciless potholes, narrow lanes and hairpin exits, the dreary Pulaski feels more like the key in a Batman villain’s plot for Gotham-wide destruction that a structure that still exists in the 21st Century.

8. That wretched Turnpike smell

Anyone who regularly passes by Exit 13 on the Turnpike, and the nearby Linden Cogeneration Plant, already shares this grievance. The intense sulfur stench is especially putrid in warmer weather — coming soon! Though New Jersey is often unfairly mocked for its smells, it’s hard to defend this one.

9. Jersey Shore headaches

A day trip to our beloved surf and sand should surely be a serene occasion. But between Memorial Day and Labor Day, the traffic bottlenecking into the area is inescapable. To park, one must choose to shell out for an overpriced lot, or circle endlessly. Once on the beach, you endure every other frustrated family in its loudest, most obnoxious state. There’s just too many of us — we should try an odd-even system, ala the ‘73 oil crisis.

10. The Jersey meatheads

Are New Jersey’s drink-slugging, muscular buffoons different from the rest of the world’s? Yes. It goes back to the rudeness aspect — much of our population already has the tendency to morph into an inconsiderate jerk at any moment. Add in the misguided sense of entitlement that comes with not being able to touch your own shoulders, and you have the bombastic Jersey meathead, whose sole purpose is to ruin your night at the bar, club, or concert.

11. Our lousy customer service

Why are New Jersey’s service and retail employees all stationed behind a wall of indifference. In supermarkets and convenience stores — anywhere where you encounter a cashier — there’s a good chance you’ll be told to have a nice day, though it’s blatantly obvious they couldn’t care less. And why do New Jersey restaurants get so bent out of shape about separate checks? It almost always leads to a better overall tip!

12. It's us against the world

What other state’s residents need to constantly protect themselves from punchlines and mockery as soon as the cross into foreign lands? If you’re in California and you say “I’m from New Jersey,” don’t you immediately feel like as though a cloud of judgement has rolled in? Sure, we defend our spot and debunk the stereotypes, but a lifetime on watch becomes exhausting.

13. Why do we stay?

Well, have you tried the pizza here? But seriously, beneath all this quibbling, New Jersey is a special place, where many folks are willing to live. Our traffic and crowds are proof of that. And despite its flaws, we love this crazy land.

Oh, and did I mention the pizza?

Okay which is worse

New Jersey or Florida?

#eli's funky askbox #a dumb question asked by a dumb canadian (me) LMFAO /j

5 notes · View notes

pitty-aegis-parlor · 11 months ago

Note

The 12 Worst Things of New Jersey (The State I live in)

1. Would it kill you to say "please"?

2. Our traffic mimics "Mad Max"

3. NJ Transit's cruel tricks

4. Our eternal civil war

5. And another thing ... our food battles

6. The soul-crushing property taxes

7. The Pulaski Skyway

8. That wretched Turnpike smell

9. Jersey Shore headaches

10. The Jersey meatheads

11. Our lousy customer service

12. It's us against the world

13. Why do we stay?

Oh, and did I mention the pizza?

I have never visited or know about New Jersey, though I’ll keep that in mind!

#ask pitty parlor #super smash ultimate #super smash bros #pit kid icarus

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conradscrime · 2 years ago

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Little Jane Doe/ St. Louis Jane Doe

November 15, 2022

On February 28, 1983, two individuals entered an abandoned 24 unit red brick building located at 5635 Clemens Avenue in St. Louis, Missouri. The two individuals found a headless body of an African-American child in the basement of the building.

The two individuals noticed the child’s body after lighting a cigarette. The child was found naked except for a yellow sweater, and had been laying on her stomach. Her hands had been bound behind her back with red and white nylon rope.

The victim was originally thought to have been working in sex work, but the police discovered when moving the body that she did not have developed breasts, which meant she had not gone through puberty yet.

It was soon discovered that the victim was not killed in the red brick building, as there was no blood traces found by or around the body. Authorities believed that the blood had been drained elsewhere. The Jane Doe’s stomach was also empty at the time of her death, and mold tests were conducted on her body, determining that she died within 5 days of her being discovered.

Jane Doe’s head had been severed cleanly off by a large blade, possibly a carving knife. It was estimated that she had been between the ages of 8 and 11 years old when she died. She had also been raped.

She wore a yellow, long sleeved V-neck sweater and had two coats of nail polish on her fingers, a red shade. Her head has never been found, but authorities were able to collect fingerprints, footprints and DNA from the body successfully.

Little Jane Doe had no distinct marks or deformities on her body, she was between 4′10 to 5′6 tall when alive. On December 2, 1983, Little Jane Doe was buried at Washington Park Cemetery, 10 months after her discovery.

The yellow sweater Jane Doe had been found wearing was sent to a psychic in Florida who wanted to touch it to see if she could determine anything about the case or child. However, the sweater was never returned and was assumed to be lost in the mail.

There have been 4 different girls who have been ruled out as being Little Jane Doe, as well as Northampton County Jane Doe from North Carolina.

Little Jane Doe was suggested as being a victim of Vernon Brown, who had murdered a young girl in a similar way. However, he was executed in 2005 and never confessed to murdering this Jane Doe.

Little Jane Doe’s body was exhumed by authorities in 2013 in order to get more forensic information. The remains however had been misplaced, along with other bodies in the Washington Park Cemetery, due to negligent cemetery records and her body was not found until mid June of that year.

Isotope tests were done to determine where Jane Doe likely lived. It was determined that Little Jane Doe likely lived her entire life in one of these southeastern states: Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, Tennessee or North/South Carolina.

The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children listed more mid-western and midatlantic states that Jane Doe could possibly have been from such as Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana or West Virginia.

After the exhumation took place, Jane Doe was re-interred at Calvary Cemetery in the Garden of Innocents, a section specifically created for unidentified individuals.

There was a documentary released about the case in September 2022, titled “Our Precious Hope Revisited: St. Louis’ Little Jane Doe.” In the documentary it determined that the two individuals who found Little Jane Doe in 1983 were only teenagers, and that the police actually did receive something back in the mail from the psychic (research didn’t specify whether it was the yellow sweater or not).

The director of the documentary also may have found the brand of sweater that Little Jane Doe could have been wearing. The autopsy report and mold reports conclude that she had been beaten, raped and then strangled before she had been decapitated.

There is still a huge possibility that St. Louis Little Jane Doe can be identified even without finding the head, as police successfully have DNA collected.

#unsolved #UNSOLVED MYSTERIES #unsolved murder #unsolved case #unsolved true crime #true crime #Crime #jane doe #child #st louis

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johnlocsin-johnyakuza · 1 year ago

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The 12 Worst Things of New Jersey (The State I live in)

1. Would it kill you to say "please"?

2. Our traffic mimics "Mad Max"

3. NJ Transit's cruel tricks

4. Our eternal civil war

5. And another thing ... our food battles

6. The soul-crushing property taxes

7. The Pulaski Skyway

8. That wretched Turnpike smell

9. Jersey Shore headaches

10. The Jersey meatheads

11. Our lousy customer service

12. It's us against the world

13. Why do we stay?

Oh, and did I mention the pizza?

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bonesandthebees · 1 year ago

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By the time this trip is over i’ll have been to almost all of the east coast!!

I’ve never been to Maine

I’ve never been to New Hampshire

My family took a trip to Vermont once

I’ve stayed in Massachusetts once

We were in New York for my birthday weekend

I’ve never been to Rhode Island or Connecticut

We stayed a weekend in Pennsylvania once

I went to an Olive Garden in New Jersey

I’ve definitely passed through Delaware a couple times, but I only count it if I stay there or go to someplace in the state (excluding gas stations or welcome to the state rest stations)

I live in Maryland

I’ve stayed in Virginia for a weekend

Definitely been to Dc

We stayed the night in North Carolina

We went to a Taco Bell in Georgia

We’ll hit South Carolina and Florida on our way back

We drove right through Alabama, but we didn’t really stop anywhere so i’m not counting it. We’re gonna stop someplace in Alabama on the way back.

We’re currently in a Mississippi hotel, we stayed the night

We’re gonna spend a night with my cousins + aunt & uncle in Louisiana on the way back, and also visit New Orleans

I’ve stayed in Texas before, and the end goal for this trip is get to Texas

Alexa play East Coast Anthem by Good Charlotte

- 🪐

oh that sounds so fun!! racking up the states on your 'been to' list I see. I was able to add quite a few when I drove from new jersey to florida back in march of this year. idk if they have this in mississippi but when I was in south carolina i got breakfast at a mcdonalds and they had steak mcmuffins (I've never seen those at a mcdonalds before so I assumed it was a southern thing but I could be wrong) but anyway if you don't have that at the mcdonalds where you're from I highly recommend it genuinely some of the best food I've had from mcdonalds ever

#ask #saturn anon

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gaymormonmike · 2 years ago

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To Kill A Mockingbird

“It's a sin to kill a mockingbird,” the venerable Atticus Finch tells his daughter Scout. Miss Maudie repeats it. “Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us.”

I read the book in 1960 as HS senior. My friends and I talked and argued about its meanings. Then the movie version of 1962 with Gregory Peck. And now recently with the Broadway touring play starring Richard Thomas. All 3 had profound effects on me. I was in the deep south for one year at age 6. It had a profound and lasting effect on a Yankee boy. Why couldn’t I sit in the back of the bus? That’s where we always sat! Then in 1961, stationed in Montgomery Alabama, I saw apartheid in action. I grew up in an integrated neighborhood in a small Mid western town. But the town was segregated. People said I lived on the wrong side of the tracks (literally next to the railroad). I am not saying the north was good for people of color. What I saw in the South blew my mind; Separate water fountains and restrooms; Segregated seating in movie theatres. Worst was the attitude and values of the sweet, polite, Christians who hated people of color. I never wanted to be in the South again. Decades later I see Atticus differently. His daughter and son call him Atticus and are permitted to express any and all of their ideas to him. In the meantime, he tries to get them to honor and appreciate their neighbors and friends in their small town who are the worst bigots you can imagine. He is a man caught between the love and understanding of Southern culture and the unthinkable that they will condemn a man to death because of the color of his skin. I keep learning and marvel at Harper Lee and the screen and drama adaptations. I am glad that much has changed and more needs to be changed. Hate is directed at so many people due to their race, religion, sexual orientation and many other categories of people. Harper Less reminds us of the senselessness of hate in any form.

#Harperlee ToKillAMockingbird Hate Prejudice

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vintageviewmaster · 2 years ago

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Brand: View-Master Packet Title: Florida Booklet Title: View-Master Presents Florida Booklet Subtitle: The Peninsula State Date: 1955

Note: When reading the booklet descriptions, please remember that these booklets are old (most are 65+ years old) and the information and history presented in them as factual may be inaccurate, outdated, and in some cases, offensive.

Booklet Introduction Description: Ponce de Leon really missed a bet. He landed near St. Augustine one April in 1513 in search of the legendary Fountain of Youth, then sailed away! During the 1940-1950 decade, 600,000 people from other states moved to Florida convinced that they had found what Ponce de Leon had overlooked. Their fountain of youth consists of basking in the Florida sun acquiring that native tan, sailing and fishing in the warm waters that lap the nation's longest coastline, and sleeping under subtropical stars in a night cooled by the trade winds.

Florida Facts and Figures When Ponce de Leon landed on the Florida coast it was Easter Sunday which in Spanish is Pascua florida, hence "Florida". The State Flower is the Orange Blossom; the State Bird is the Mocking-bird; the Tree is the Cabbage or Sabal Palm; the Song is "The Swanee River" by Stephen Foster; and the Motto is the same as that found on all U. S. coins, "In God We Trust." Almost twice as many vacationers and winter guests visit the state of Florida as live there. The income from the 5 million tourists, $930 million is the state's largest single source of income. A combination of all year sunshine and plentiful rainfall has resulted in Florida's world leadership in oranges. Over half the nation's and a quarter of the world's supply of oranges are grown in the state. Most of the nation's winter vegetables come from Florida truck gardens, and in south Florida tropical fruits are grown - avocado, mango, guava, papaya, litchi fruit, and coconuts. Hotel-keeping must be the state's leading industry, but it also leads the nation in cigar making, sponge harvesting and phosphate mining. The largest cigar factory in the world is in Jacksonville. Every spring, baseball comes to Florida. Twelve of the sixteen major league teams plus 77 minor league teams hold spring training here.

The State and Its People Florida has an area of 58,560 square miles and is 21st in size among the states. It has the longest coastline, 2,077 miles. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Florida Straits on the south separates it from Cuba; the Gulf of Mexico washes its western shores; and Alabama and Georgia lie north. Only Delaware and Louisiana lie lower than Florida whose average elevation is 100 feet. The highest point in the state is 325 feet at Iron Mountain upon which is built the famous Bok Singing Tower. The southern tip of the state is Everglade country where the land is so low that it appears as small hummocks or patches of grass growing out of swampy water. Everglades National Park is located here. The 1950 population of Florida was 2,711,305, ranking twentieth among the states. It is the fastest growing state east of the Rockies having increased its popular 46.1% from 1940 to 1950. Famous Floridians include: Osceola, the great Seminole Indian war chief who was never defeated but finally tricked into imprisonment; John Gorrie, of Apalachicola, inventor of mechanical refrigeration; Marjorie Kinnar Rawlings, whose Pulitzer prize novel, The Yearling” dealt with the Florida backwoods; and Joseph W. "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, commander of the China-Burma-India Theater of War.

Highlights of History After discovering Florida, Ponce de Leon landed two shiploads of colonists at Charlotte Harbor in 1521, but constant clashes with the Indians resulted in his death and the abandonment of the colony. Tales of fabulous cities of gold (which were not to spring up until the 20th century) lured other Spanish explorers. Hernando de Soto landed in the Tampa area in 1539 to begin a four year march. Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Captain General of the Spanish treasure fleets, came to Florida in 1565 to found St. Augustine and a line of posts from Tampa Bay to Port Royal, South Carolina. After the British captured Havana, Cuba, in 1763, Spain agreed to trade Florida for the Cuban capital. But after the American Revolution, the British were squeezed in by the new United States and Spanish strongholds to the south. They ceded Florida to Spain from whom the United States bought it in 1819 for $5 million. With the creation of the Florida Territory in 1822 came Indian trouble. The Seven-Year Seminole Wars ending in 1842 cost the lives of 1,500 American soldiers but brought eventual peace paving the way for statehood which was granted on March 3, 1845.

#fla #florida #view-master #viewmaster #antiques #S3 packet

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