#foster care system evaluation

[fosteringinsc]

Transforming the Foster Care System: The Biden Administration's Game-Changing Policies

Biden Administration’s Foster Care Reforms: Navigating the Pros and Cons for Child Welfare Transforming the Foster Care System: The Biden Administration’s Game-Changing Policies. The recent foster care system reforms by the Biden administration represent a pivotal shift in child welfare policy. These changes, aimed at bolstering support for kinship caregivers, safeguarding LGBTQ+ youth, and…

[carriesthewind]

"Although hired as a consultant by Washington County in this case, Baird had a long-standing independent agenda: helping foster parents across Colorado succeed in intervening and permanently claiming the children they care for. Often working hand in hand with Tim Eirich, she has been called as an expert in, by her count, hundreds of child-welfare cases, and she sometimes evaluates visits between birth families and children without having met them. Baird would not say how many foster-parent intervenor cases she has participated in, but she can recall only a single instance in which she concluded that the intervenors should not keep the child. Thinking that particular couple would be weak adoptive parents, she told me, she simply filed no report."

"With the supply of adoptable babies dropping, foster children were becoming a “hot commodity,” he said, and he and his colleagues (among them Tim Eirich’s law partner Seth Grob) realized that attachment experts could be called into court to argue that foster children needed to remain with their foster parents in order to avoid a severed bond."

"The judge ruled in favor of Eirich’s clients, a social worker and a real-estate agent. “Court found [Baird’s] testimony credible. She has significant experience,” the judge said, adding approvingly that Baird’s analysis had “focused on primacy of attachment over cultural considerations.”"

"Was Baird’s method for evaluating these foster and birth families empirically tested? No, Baird answered: Her method is unpublished and unstandardized, and has remained “pretty much unchanged” since the 1980s. It doesn’t have those “standard validity and reliability things,” she admitted. “It’s not a scientific instrument.”

...

Had she considered or was she even aware of the cultural background of the birth family and child whom she was recommending permanently separating? (The case involved a baby girl of multiracial heritage.) Baird answered that babies have “never possessed” a cultural identity, and therefore are “not losing anything,” at their age, by being adopted. Although when such children grow up, she acknowledged, they might say to their now-adoptive parents, “Oh, I didn’t know we were related to the, you know, Pima tribe in northern California, or whatever the circumstances are.”

The Pima tribe is located in the Phoenix metropolitan area."

"We found that — leaving aside the question of whether attachment theory should even be used as an argument in these cases — Baird’s assessments of foster children’s relationships aren’t just unscientific. They barely touch the surface of a child’s life.

“I don’t know these children,” she testified in one 2017 case, adding, “I have not met anybody.” Still, she said, she “strongly” recommended that those children’s birth parents’ rights be permanently terminated and that the kids be adopted."

"She also regularly uses terms like “mirror neurons,” “neurotoxins,” “synapses,” “hormones,” and “encoded trauma in the central nervous system” to justify her conclusions about children’s family relationships. (Baird is not a neuroscientist.)"

______________________

The New Yorker article focuses on possible legislative solutions, but I think these articles point to something more pernicious and more difficult to address. Judges - in all kinds of cases - routinely give credence to professionals and "experts" who are biased, bigoted, and testify far outside their expertise (if they have any expertise at all). These professionals have credentials (like being a police officer or social worker) that are validated by institutional hierarchies. Their frequent systematized interaction with the legal system is mistaken as experience that makes their subjective beliefs more credible, when in truth they lack any objective expertise. They are considered credible and unbiased because they conform to, and validate, systems of hierarchical oppression, while the people they hurt - often poor, marginalized, and most frequently, not white - are viewed with inherent distrust.

The ProPublica article focuses primarily on Baird. I'm more concerned with the judges who believed her, who used her to justify funneling children away from their (safe and loving, but poorer and frequently browner) birth families. She was only able to do so much harm because of the the power given to her by courts, and the judges inside them.

The ProPublic article ends with the line, "This past fall, with Baird’s help, the foster parents were granted full custody of the baby girl through her 18th birthday." It names Baird as a force that led to the theft of this child. The passive voice hides the judge who made the ultimate decision.

[ngdrb]

Evaluating the Concerns and Potential Extremism of Project 2025

This far-right, extremist agenda is a threat to a multiracial, diverse democracy

Introduction

Project 2025 has garnered significant attention and sparked debate among various stakeholders. This analysis aims to explore the reasons why some individuals and groups express apprehension about the project and to evaluate whether these concerns are deemed extreme. Additionally, this discourse will consider potential modifications to address these concerns  and Perceptions of Extremism

Scope and Ambition

 Project 2025 has been widely viewed as ambitiously forward-thinking. While some express concerns about its comprehensive scope possibly causing unforeseen disruptions to current systems, critics suggest these challenges are natural in pioneering endeavors. The project's magnitude naturally provokes apprehensions regarding its feasibility and long-term sustainability. However, such bold initiatives are essential to drive innovation and address pressing global challenges. By carefully navigating potential pitfalls and leveraging comprehensive planning, Project 2025 can emerge as a transformative force for progress, laying a robust foundation for a sustainable future.

Political and Social Implications

The project's political and social ramifications are pivotal concerns. Detractors argue it could bring about sweeping alterations to societal norms and governance, potentially marginalizing specific demographics. These transformative shifts are frequently perceived as revolutionary, thereby evoking apprehensions about its radical nature. Such apprehensions underscore the need for a careful examination of its potential impact on inclusivity and social cohesion. It is imperative to navigate these concerns with a balanced approach that ensures equitable outcomes and fosters constructive dialogue about the project's goals and implications for a harmonious society.

Economic Impact

Concerns abound regarding the economic repercussions of Project 2025. Critics contend that the necessary financial resources might overburden public finances, potentially necessitating higher taxes or diverting funds from essential sectors. Such economic uncertainties are seen as fueling perceptions of radicalism. It is crucial to address these apprehensions through careful planning and transparent communication about the project's long-term benefits. By emphasizing strategic economic growth and prudent resource management, we can mitigate fears and build consensus on the project's potential to foster sustainable development and economic stability. This approach ensures that Project 2025 is viewed not as a risk, but as a catalyst for positive change.

Technological and Ethical Concerns

The integration of advanced technologies in Project 2025 raises significant ethical and privacy concerns, making it a contentious initiative. The potential for surveillance, data misuse, and erosion of individual freedoms stokes widespread fears. As we embrace these technologies, we must address the ethical implications to safeguard privacy and uphold fundamental rights. Ensuring transparent and responsible use of data can alleviate concerns and foster trust. By prioritizing ethical considerations, Project 2025 can become a beacon of innovation that respects privacy and individual freedoms, turning a potential threat into an opportunity for responsible technological advancement.

Potential for Adaptation

To mitigate the perceived extremism of Project 2025 and address the apprehensions, the following adaptations could be considered:

Incremental Implementation

Adopting a phased approach to project implementation offers the opportunity for continuous assessment and refinement at each stage. This strategy not only facilitates better risk management but also mitigates concerns about abrupt changes. By breaking down the project into manageable phases, we can identify and address issues promptly, ensuring smoother transitions and more effective solutions. This method fosters a more controlled and adaptable environment, increasing the likelihood of success while minimizing disruption. Embracing this incremental approach will ultimately lead to more sustainable and positive outcomes for the entire team.

Transparent Communication

Improving transparency regarding the project’s objectives, procedures, and potential outcomes is crucial for fostering public trust. Engaging openly with stakeholders and employing effective communication strategies are essential steps in combating misinformation and alleviating concerns. By clearly articulating our goals and methods, we can establish credibility and reassure the community about the project’s positive impacts. Emphasizing these aspects not only enhances understanding but also cultivates a supportive environment where informed decisions can be made collaboratively. This approach ensures that all parties are well-informed and aligned, promoting a constructive dialogue that strengthens confidence and minimizes uncertainties.

Ethical Guidelines and Oversight

Implementing stringent ethical guidelines and independent oversight mechanisms effectively addresses worries regarding privacy and data security. Prioritizing ethical considerations not only safeguards sensitive information but also cultivates trust and support from the public. By adhering to these principles, we demonstrate our commitment to transparency and accountability, fostering a climate where individuals feel secure and valued. This approach not only mitigates risks but also enhances our credibility, ensuring that our practices align with the highest standards of integrity and responsibility. Ultimately, integrating robust ethical frameworks is pivotal in garnering widespread endorsement and maintaining ethical leadership in data management.

Economic Safeguards

Implementing economic safeguards is crucial to shield vulnerable groups and promote fair resource allocation, alleviating concerns about financial burdens. Transparent budgeting and stringent financial accountability are indispensable in fostering trust and ensuring equitable distribution of resources. By instituting these measures, we not only protect the most vulnerable but also uphold principles of fairness and responsibility. This proactive approach not only mitigates fears of economic strain but also lays the foundation for a sustainable and inclusive economic framework that benefits all segments of society.

Conclusion

Project 2025’s ambitious nature and potential for significant societal impact inevitably lead to concerns about its extremism. By understanding these apprehensions and considering adaptive strategies, it is possible to address the fears and work towards a more balanced and acceptable implementation. Engaging with stakeholders, ensuring transparency, and prioritizing ethical considerations are critical steps in this

[daloy-politsey]

Please help Joseph Kraus get the state-mandated secular education he never received at his ultra-Orthodox Jewish school.

We’re raising $5000 or more to pay for special tutors that will help him learn to read and write English and participate in society as an independent adult.

We are documentary filmmakers who have filmed his story and care about him.

Joseph Kraus left his Hasidic Orthodox home in Kiryas Joel, New York, in November 2020 because he wanted to get an education. He was 17 but could barely speak English and certainly couldn’t read or write it.

To educate himself enough to prepare for his move, Joseph managed to buy a smartphone. Hiding in the woods behind his home, he spent hours each day Googling and watching YouTube videos to learn about the outside world. He started blindly calling social service organizations, using his limited English, trying to find somebody who could help him.

The only person who responded was the supervisor of a suicide hotline, who spent hours on the phone with him answering his questions.

When Joseph decided he was ready to leave, the supervisor advised him to go to Old Navy, buy some clothes, cut off his beard and side locks at a barber and check into a youth shelter in nearby Middletown, New York. At Old Navy, he purchased a pair of women’s pants by mistake, because he didn’t know there was a difference.

He spent the next few months in a series of shelters during the height of the pandemic, learning English by watching television. When he tried to attend public high school in upstate New York, he found he couldn’t understand what the teachers said. He told me that he didn’t even know the alphabet.

When he heard that jobs were available in Texas, he went from airline to airline at JFK, asking for the cheapest fare. This looked so suspicious that he was picked up by the police and taken to a psychiatric hospital for evaluation. Somehow, he found his way to Houston, where he hid all his belongings in some bushes and started looking for a job. He came back to find everything stolen.

We caught up with Joseph when he was in a foster care home in Galveston, just before his 18th birthday. When we interviewed Joseph on two occasions, we found him remarkably articulate and insightful about his situation. And yet, his life at this point — the life of a refugee without a safety net — was total chaos.

At one point, somebody gave him a room in an upstate New York hotel under construction. When that ended after just a few weeks, he found himself in a Wal-Mart parking lot at 4 a.m. near his hometown of Kiryas Joel.

Now Joseph is settled in upstate New York but the road ahead is steep. It will likely take him months or years to learn what he needs to get his GED or to read newspapers.

Documentary filmmakers are supposed to be objective observers of their subjects, but we found ourselves trying to help him out. We contacted synagogues, asking for volunteers who might want to serve as this young man’s advocate as he works his way through the social service system — without much luck.

Now we’ve found specialized literacy tutors at a major NYC university who have promised to help him, but we need to raise $5000 or more to fund this literacy project.

Please give what you can!

[vuetyris]

Crumbled up note with 'wlw and mlm dumbass solidarity'

Long standing Warframe OCs given actual (personal) canonical depiction - due to Duviri/New War giving a lot more leeway to preserve previous fan concepts intact and can play with canon easier. c: With 'Operator' as in-game storyline, and 'Tenno' as an alternate timeline where-in the results after the Zariman's return came out differently. Orb pondering rambling below -

Above is three depictions of Paeva 'Corvin' and Diviyoni-Jacob Warren; as operator, as drifter, as Tenno; with Warren's each having different 'called' names to better distinguish between them. Operator Warren is Jacob, Drifter Warren is Arali, Tenno Warren is Diviyoni. All are vertexes of Warren, but each having their own 'piece' in the story. They all were the son of a public figure and a military pilot, raised solely by their father, and stood alone on the Zariman and faced TMITW. Futures frayed, Arali cast to the drifts holds the remnant of the suffocated possibilities, and makes the link between Jacob and Diviyoni.

A lone fray links (operator) Paeva's involvement decided fate - and Diviyoni is what becomes if Warren hadn't been taken under Margulis' wing. Of many on the Zariman, few survived for it to break through, and fewer to be directly protected by Margulis as the Old War raged on. As Jacob learned by careful tending nurture; Diviyoni learned by brute force and unabated trauma.

Too long to pin in the details, the later was already subject of a nearly 183k word fanfiction series [ found here as Warren: Sprout ]. To draw it short, Diviyoni would only later be taken into the fold of the Lotus' system wide network in his late teens - where (tenno) Paeva would be his direct contact to learn the ropes. In this time he better tended to his psychological and emotional issues, and persuaded his interests in warframe morphology and finding ways to help severely wounded ones recover (especially those not tied to a survivor of the zariman).

The most prominent ones were; Kiln - a towering Oberon that waited beside their deceased operator in a severely damaged Orbiter with their companion warframes too far gone to save. Arkis - a less-than friendly asocial Nova he rescued from a corpus stronghold after an argument with his father-figure; and Malaphin.

Most of following also found on [ Diviyoni's Toyhou.se page ]

(Tenno) Paeva was strict under the Lotus purview, she was a loner through-and-through but was asked to mentor Diviyoni on procedures as they were still recovering from Lua being pulled from the Void. And thus Diviyoni hid a second vessel from her to help foster a home for warframes to retire from the constant wars. He held up taking missions between working on it, but as he took preoccupation to ease Malaphin from the ties of corrupted arboriforms, it became more noticeable he was abandoning his post.

They fought. Tempers, philosophy, morals, and fists until Paeva's chosen frame stepped in - Varik, a beefy Nova she had a close bond with. As being Unairu, tempered to endure and keep standing, Diviyoni won out. Even if it was an underhanded tactic to override Paeva's somatic signal, it was to protect those he cared about.

Paeva left, tail between her legs, and chose to vanish. And re-evaluate her choices.

Between then and the Heart of Deimos, Warren would hone his abilities to repair Malaphin whom he became close to. To where the 'second vessel' outgrew him, and he would set out with Malaphin to take odd jobs in the same venue his father figure (T'viska) would.

[ Following goes over the events in 'Within the heart of Deimos, and soul of the void' fanfic on Ao3]

At Deimos, he would face the prospect of his history as being the son of a public figure of the dead Orokin empire. To confront the phantom that hung at the edges of his vision since he was swallowed by the void a second time by the explosion of a liset. Arali, the haunting in his vision, held all the pain he swallowed down through his torment through the Old War, were a fraction of him torn by the void. He stood before his reflection in the void, held out his hands, and embraced the pain that stood before him.

And after, he would settle into the arms of his companion, his partner, his lover, Malaphin once more.

Arali would give him his arm in trade to help their younger self, reluctant, but settled as it means Jacob would be spared of further childhood trauma as they had not a father figure in a loki - paternal love not tied to enduring the trauma of repetitive deaths as warframes - but in a mother figure in the echo of Margulis, in the Lotus whom cared for every single one who survived the Zariman.

[raincitygirl76]

Interesting article, less depressing than the usual such article. Partly because, spoiler alert, the biological parents got their son back after a 3 year battle where they’d both been clean and sober for 3 years.

I have sympathy for foster parents who’ve looked after a child for a long time, perhaps years. But it sounds like foster parents with deep pockets can game the system by hiring their own private lawyers to intervene in the court process under which biological parents either lose their parental rights for good, or get their children back. And also by hiring private child welfare evaluators like Diane Baird, mentioned in the article, who has recommended the child stay with the foster parents in every single evaluation she’s done over the years except one.

I mean, these evaluations are being used in family court to decide children’s entire futures. It seems improbable to me that Ms Baird, who makes a living at this, has only once in her entire professional career run into birth parents who are fit to parent. Statistically speaking.

I should point out that my sister’s best friend and her husband adopted two siblings out of foster care. But they asked to be considered only for children who were already available for adoption. I.e. Situations where the birth parents’ parental rights have already been severed. They chose that because they have a relative who is a retired social worker and said, “If you want to foster, foster. If you want to adopt, only agree to take kids who are already legally free for adoption. Otherwise you could easily get your hearts broken.”

Their relative pitched that to them as a self-protection move, but that advice may also have helped them on an ethical level. Given that they never met the kids until after their bio parents had run through all their chances, and blown every chance. But of course, if you want a newborn or at least an infant, your best bet is probably to foster an infant, and hope the biological parents eventually get their rights severed.

And if you can speed that process along by hiring a private lawyer and private child evaluators to intervene in the court process between the bio parents and social services, you can significantly increase the odds of ending up able to adopt that baby. And maybe you were doing what was best for the baby, and maybe you were doing what was best for you.

I realize that the story in the link above is not necessarily typical. Many parents who’ve had their children removed struggle both to get clean and to stay clean. I can understand foster parents thinking their intervention is to help the child they want to adopt. And sometimes it probably does help the child. But in practice, it seems to come uncomfortably close to buying babies.

The couple profiled in the article weren’t abusive, they lost their newborn because they were addicts. They got clean and they stayed clean, despite a nerve-wracking process of several years whereby they were pretty sure they’d lose their son permanently despite them both having been clean for several years. That strikes me as a “system is broken” situation. Unless there’s more to their story that didn’t make it into the article.

If you removed a newborn from his parents because they’re addicts, and then they both get clean and turn their lives around, and KEEP doing so, what’s the rationale for terminating their parental rights? Yeah, the foster parents probably own their own house while the biological parents are renters. The kid will have a college fund.

But severing parental rights shouldn’t be a cost-benefit analysis of who can buy the kid cooler birthday presents. It should be whether the biological parents are capable of parenting. If they’re not, sever their rights and let the foster parents apply to adopt. But if they are, don’t penalize the biological parents for being poorer than the foster parents and not in a position to hire high priced lawyers to intervene and get the child available for adoption faster. Or available at all.

[caxycreations]

Character Intro: Moss Seltz

Moss Seltz is a grey-blue caxy with dark marks around his forest-colored eyes. They have the same color of fur on their hands, in a fingerless glove style marking that extends a few inches up the arm from the wrist. Their hair is a light reddish-brown, and they have several piercings. They have a thick, dark lower lip which bears a lip ring, a dark nose with a septum ring, and ten piercings in their left ear.

As of the start of Tylvinian Tales: The Wolf's Den, Moss is sixteen years old, living with Davina in her high-rise apartment in the city of Gala. Moss is biologically male, and uses they/them pronouns, though does accept others being used so long as it is from a place of love or sincerity rather than maliciousness.

Moss grew up in foster care, bouncing from home to home, many of which were either neglectful, abusive, or both. They ran away several times during their life in foster care, only to find themselves right back in the thick of it. This cycle repeated until they were fourteen years old. The previous year, the system underwent a re-evaluation of their methods of pairing foster child with foster parents, as well as their system of adoptions.

Their life changed quite a bit with this, as the new system required prospective parents to undergo comprehensive psychological analysis, and complete several evaluations, to be screened for any red flags and for assurance they were fit to be parents. With this change, the risk of Moss being paired with a family unfit to raise them were drastically reduced, and through this new system they met Davina Seltz (TW: Artistic Nudity).

Moss was paired with her as a potential parent and child, with Davina meeting Moss but once before deciding what she wanted. With Moss in agreement, papers were signed and they began their new life as Moss Seltz.

Under Davina's guidance, Moss grew to be an independent, caring, and kind-hearted free spirit, learning from Davina and Trace Parker, who came to visit quite regularly. They are much like their adopted mother: nearly shameless, playful, flirty, caring. Moss is also their own brand of generous, kind-hearted, and in some ways, wild and carefree.

They enjoy watching Trace run, and hope to join them in those races soon enough. They have also, through Davina's parenting, grown fond of the local clubs and dance halls, often joining her on nights out. Moss also worships the god Malor quite devotedly, tending to the small shrine in their bedroom once or twice a week, offering stories as gifts to the Fate Scribe, and praying to them regularly.

Moss' Blessing is luck-based, with those around them finding themselves less prone to bad luck, with direct interaction leaving one's bad luck effectively null. While this does not imply giving them good luck, misfortunes they may have suffered otherwise are less likely to happen, or will be less severe should they happen anyway.

Overall, Moss is a well-rounded individual with a heart of gold, raised to never be anything less than wholly themselves. While their past has left them scarred, and some things still set off those conditioned responses and flight reactions, they are slowly working towards being okay with the help of their new family, and are on the path to finding their way in the world.

Credits

Moss Seltz is the original creation of @that-one-enby-onyx, and I am only putting their intro on my blog because they are directly tied to Tylvinian Tales and the characters therein. All credit for Moss' background and concept goes to Onyx.

Tag List

Tagging these folks cause they seem to like my work! If you would like to be added (or removed), just let me know!

@sparrowcraft @moremysteriesthantragedies @thetruearchmagos @a-scaly-troublemaker @snakelovingnerd @the-chaotic-writer @leisoree @amerylise

[n-writes12]

A little boy named Mark Sullen, his parents conceived him in the US, but when they were caught without papers, they were sent back to their home country. Mark was put into foster care from age five to ten. They were caught because people in that neighborhood kept reporting a small child around age six was caught near a camp site. They reported he looked malnourished, covered in scraps. People had already been going missing in the town, so authorities were quick to investigate.

When they showed up, it seemed like a nice camp. Three big tents, utensils, water. It was well put together for what little this family had. Behind the came were tubs, blood smear on the side. They assumed it was animal meat because of the 22 leaned up against it.

They would’ve questioned the family, but no one was seemed to be home.

The authorities came back the next day, this time in the morning. The tubs were gone, and the family was back. They quickly found out that these people didn’t speak a lick of English. Collecting their names, they later found out they weren’t legal. Seeing the poor conditions of this child, he was put into the system and the parents were sent back to their country until they got legalized.

Ten-year-old Mark now lives with Jean and Patrick Ridges. He’s gotten little meat on his bone and has learned English, or at least somewhat. Jean loved Mark with all her heart. He was her baby boy. She helped him with school work, cooked his favorite meals, coaxed him through his night terrors. Both of the foster parents knew their son was troubled, but it wasn’t until he was twelve did they noticed.

Jean was in the kitchen, cleaning off the bar. Mark was in the living area, watching TV. She heard her boy giggle, and she smiled to herself. His giggle turned into a laugh. A laugh that continued for a few seconds. She glanced up to see what was so funny.

She chuckled. “What’re you gigglin’ about?” She asked, a teasing edge to her voice.

Mark continued to laugh, and she felt a spike of hurt at his lack of response. She places the rag back down and walks to the couch, seeing Mark laying down. He was clutching his chest, laughing hysterically as tears stream down his rose-tinted cheeks.

He’s laughing, but his hand gripping at his chest showed that he was not enjoying this laughing fit. Concern filled Jean, and she grabs her son, holding him up and trying not to panic. Patrick was at work, so she felt slightly helpless.

“Alright, baby. You gotta get up. I’m gonna take you to the doctor.” She lifted the boy up, but Mark couldn’t walk straight. He stumbled, holding onto his mother as he laughs uncontrollably through his sobs. His tears screamed at her for help.

Upon entering the office, the boy is rushed to a room. The medics take a multitude of tests: thyroid, folic acid level, and the functionality of the boy’s liver and kidney. They evaluate him and soon his laughing ceases when he passes out from exhaustion.

He’s not allowed home.

Week after week he grows worse. His mind clouded by paranoia. He’s unable to read well or even speak. He shakes uncontrollably. As weeks pass he becomes harder and harder to understand. Doctors were debating on just institutionalizing him to free up hospital rooms.

Within twelve months, the boy is bedridden. Left to rot in his tears, laughs, and twitchy body. Doctors have been speculating what might be wrong, but the only thing can think of is something that makes any sane person’s stomach churn in disgust.

Dr. Sens is the one to finally bring it to a conclusion. He brought this forth to the police, who rummaged through reports of the boy’s living condition before foster care. There are pictures. Those tubs in the brought this man’s attention.

They had no food source. People started going missing. Now a boy lays before him with a rare disease steaming from cannibalism. The “coincidence” is uncanny.

It’s hard to look at the poor boy shake as he becomes unable to swallow his food after knowing that the food he once ate was of his own species. Of course, it wasn’t Mark’s fault, but that doesn’t ease the doctor’s nausea.

[greco09]

Nurturing a Lifelong Partnership - Recap and Veterinary Advocacy

As we conclude our exploration of equine care, it's time to reflect on key points and emphasize the crucial role of regular veterinary checkups in maintaining the health and well-being of your horse.

Recap of Key Points: A Holistic Approach to Equine Care

Our journey through equine care has encompassed a spectrum of topics, each contributing to a holistic approach that ensures the overall health, happiness, and peak performance of your equine companion.

Understanding Anatomy and Physiology:

Delving into equine anatomy enhances your awareness of your horse's structure, function, and unique physiological systems. Recognizing the importance of each body system, from the muscular and nervous systems to sensory organs and beyond, forms the foundation for informed care.

Recognizing Signs and Addressing Issues:

Being attuned to subtle signs of discomfort, illness, or changes in behavior empowers you to be a proactive caretaker. Regular grooming, maintenance practices, and keen observation during daily interactions contribute to the early detection of potential issues.

Tailoring Training and Exercise:

Customizing training and exercise programs to your horse's individual needs supports their physical fitness, mental well-being, and overall performance. Incorporating variety, mental stimulation, and a balanced approach to warm-ups and cool-downs ensures a well-rounded fitness routine.

Sensory Awareness and Enrichment:

Understanding how your horse perceives the world through its senses fosters a deeper connection and enriches their daily experiences. Providing a sensory-rich environment and addressing individual preferences contribute to emotional well-being.

Encouraging Regular Veterinary Checkups: The Cornerstone of Equine Health

Regular veterinary checkups are the linchpin of equine health care, providing a proactive and preventive approach to addressing potential issues.

Routine Health Assessments:

Schedule routine check-ups to assess your horse's overall health, including physical examinations, dental checks, and evaluations of sensory organs. Addressing any emerging issues in their early stages can prevent more significant health concerns down the line.

Dental Care:

Regular dental examinations and treatments are integral to your horse's well-being. Dental issues can impact not only feeding but also overall health and comfort.

Vaccinations and Parasite Control:

Work closely with your veterinarian to establish an appropriate vaccination schedule tailored to your horse's individual needs and regional considerations. Develop a parasite control program that aligns with your horse's environment and risk factors.

Collaboration with Equine Professionals:

Engage in open communication with your veterinarian and other equine professionals. Their expertise provides valuable insights into specific care needs, training strategies, and nutrition. Conclusion: A Lifelong Commitment to Equine Well-being

Nurturing a lifelong partnership with your horse therapy arizona involves a commitment to comprehensive care, continuous learning, and a vigilant eye on their well-being.

Regular veterinary checkups serve as the cornerstone of this commitment, ensuring that your horse receives the best possible care throughout their life. As you embark on this journey of equine stewardship, may it be filled with shared moments, mutual understanding, and the joy of witnessing your horse thrive.*

Thank you for joining us on this exploration of equine care, and we look forward to continuing to support you in your role as a dedicated caretaker.

[brettdoesdiscourse]

I just read ur reblog for the “why is 18 the age where we’re considered adults?” Anon asked. And I’m currently 9teen there’s a lot of woes young adults face. But for some reason a lot of people’s answers to the challenges young adults face struggling to meet the threshold of maturity throughout history is to claim we aren’t responsible enough. Then the powers that be decide to make it harder for us to make our own decisions. limiting the autonomy of people considered younger. people in the past and in the modern era still consider the act of criminalizing common youthful actives in the common age of that time period to somehow be the most logical step to trying to cure a societal ill which doesn’t make sense to me.

But I do think it is unfair that legally a 56 and 46 year are not treated much differently by laws. like giving someone a ten year sentence could have unforeseeable consequences if they die at 60. I honestly don’t think I like that nature of law & order in general and i more want to meet people where they’re at. However I do find it disturbing that u can go to “adult” prison at the age of 8teen. Because even tho yes I do consider people over 8teen year olds capable of making many decisions in their lives. I personally know I’ve waited a long time to have my perspective finally taken seriously by older adults. It still seems nerve racking we put people into that environment at such a age.

When 8teen year olds to 25 year olds are still dealing with the possibility to adopt new experiences. When 8teen to 25 year old potentially are lacking a lot knowledge from experiences to come. And are still very much dealing with developmental changes (social and physical). Not many political systems take that into account. Especially since all people 18-25 don’t have much experiences to bounce off of expect for their teenage and childhood years. When someone gets kicked out at 8teen it’s not like they can just go to foster care (to my knowledge) . Honestly it’s kinda the same with foster care having ditched a lot kids once they turn 8teen.

There is societal pressure for everyone at every age but to a degree that’s kinda the problem too. Is there anything wrong with acknowledging the difference and treating someone who’s 8teen with the understanding that they’re 8teen differently. Like if someone felt they where groomed into sex work at 8teen I would want society to treat that situation somewhat differently than someone being groomed at age 27.

Not because of some abstract value system to each individual’s experiences. I still want both events to be addressed but there’s clearly a difference there and those two victims should be handled differently with regard to (and by acknowledging) their age rather than are they just an adult or child. And I think it is a factor that should be looked at more and evaluated better in our society. Cuz I’m not sure humans completely understand how to best account or how everyone’s different exist effects their maturity levels and how they chose to approach an experience. And I think as we learn we should adapt if want to possibly achieve a better quality of life.

I hope I’m making sense i hate how the law treats people when they meet their abstract rigid definition of adulthood. it’s oppressive and cruel. It’s also very unthinking to everyone differences in life in my opinion. Am I making any sense or do I sound crazy?

Also I’m not out here trying to make it so that 8teen year olds can’t vote or get banned from watching porn btw. But a majority of my issues are very much with how we are restricting younger people legally. And the unequal effects that has on their life. I’m currently 9teen and I’m willing to bet My brain probably looks different from 8teen even tho I don’t exactly know how.

Idk if I really explained my POV well at all but I value your perspective and wanted to know if my outlook sounds reasonable to u or not? I also think more people need to have theses conversations with themselves and asks questions like these. I think we should all examine the way of life and status quo.



Okay, so I have a lot to add about a lot of this.

But a brief overview

I think it's very hard to talk about age reform when it's not really age or age related laws that are the issue. The issue is systematic and is in every aspect that we need to fix first.

With issues of adult prisons and prison sentences, it's all perpetuated by the prison industrial complex.

The entirety of age laws being what they are is caused by the military industrial complex.

Foster care issues are caused (in large part) by the way the government treats often poor people and people of color.

None of these issues are actually age-related, but rather, parts of bigger issues that seem to fall unfairly on younger people. (Younger people absolutely are targeted by governments a lot too, don't get me wrong.)

It's just important to keep in mind none of these issues tend to stem from the adult vs child argument. They all form from systematic issues that are already in place.

Also I agree with the concept of "not adult vs child" is very hard to argue this in a way that doesn't open it up to a bigger conversation. Maturity is different for every person at every age.

An 18 year old can be a world more mature than a person who is 45. But how do we determine this? How do we apply this to laws without it opening the door for abuse? Again, linking it all back to systematic issues.

People in the past and in the modern era still consider the act of criminalizing common youthful actives in the common age of that time period to somehow be the most logical step to trying to cure a societal ill which doesn’t make sense to me.

I completely hear you. Unfortunately, this is a belief system engrained into society. They thrive off this age divide being between the young and the old. Financially, it's beneficial to sell the idea that old people are bad. And law wise, it's beneficial to sell the idea that young people are bad.

Financial gain from young people

When we're young, old people are authoritarians and they just don't get it. Teachers, parents, the law, the government, the old man down the street who always seems to be cranky. "Old" is synonymous with boring and uncool. Old people are out of touch, they're sad and they don't have fun. And of course, you would never be like that. You're going to be the exception when you get old. You and your friends will always like the cool things and have fun and never be out of touch.

This point of view is completely understandable, the idea that you will never be like that, but it misses the reason why there's that divide. People of different ages enjoy different things. People of different ages want different things. People of different ages can handle different things. It's all part of aging and one isn't inherently uncool. They're just very different. But when you're younger, it can be hard to believe one day you'll be the person who seems out of touch. But you recognize aging is an inevitable process.

So, how do you stop the process of aging without being able to actually stop it?

Well, as you get a bit older, you start having society pushing the idea that aging is Bad on you a lot harder. Being old looks bad, being old feels bad, old people don't get it and you can tell someone's old by the way they look. Wrinkles? Bad. Age spots? Bad. Old people are ugly and that's bad. So you should look young and beautiful because that's good.

So you funnel money into creams and lotions and fancy skin lights, you pay to have your hair dyed when you start going grey, you invest in the pharmaceutical and other beauty industries.

(Note: This exists on a lot of levels, much like every other societal problem does. It also exists because of the beauty industry and body standards in general.)

But at the same time, the government doesn't really want young people to be in control of anything. So that's where the next part comes in.

The benefits of laws against young people

Since the dawn of man, who has been most of the revolutionaries? When you think of societal reform, who do you most often imagine leading the pack? What do all these pictures seem to have in common?

Young people are scary for the government. Young people tend to bring radical change and that's the exact opposite of what they want.

So, the government sells the idea that young people are irrational and exactly what's wrong with this country. Young people are basically still kids and so they should be disregarded.

That's why you get the take of "young people are ruining this country and everything they do is bad" from older people. This is why you get concepts of "legally an adult but technically a child."

(This is also contributed to by left-leaning people who are anti trans, anti kink, anti porn, etc. They also fuel into the idea that "yeah teenagers technically count as adults, but they're still kids so they shouldn't have access to these things.")

This is part of why I so strongly hate the argument of "18 year olds shouldn't be pressured to vote" or "18 is too early to vote, you're practically still a child."

You are trusted with a car at the age of 16. You can literally buy a machine capable of killing you and everyone else on the road. You're trusted with making responsible choices with that, but you can't make choices for your own vote?

But the car issue stems from capitalism. You can work at 16 and you often need a car to commute. So, of course, the government wants workers to be able to work. It's also easy to underpay and exploit underage workers.

And people forget 18 year olds didn't use to be able to vote. We gained that right after we got tired of the country exploiting us. We could be sent to war at 18, but we couldn't vote. So, instead of having to give up exploiting and killing teenagers, the government decided "yeah I guess you guys can vote now."

Is there anything wrong with acknowledging the difference and treating someone who’s 8teen with the understanding that they’re 8teen differently. Like if someone felt they where groomed into sex work at 8teen I would want society to treat that situation somewhat differently than someone being groomed at age 27.

In the case of sexual exploitation, I think both should be handled with the exact same level of care and compassion. Because at least to me, a victim is a victim no matter their age. And there's no way to account for if one was more vulnerable than the other.

I think the issue with this is, again, everyone is different at every age.

For instance, is an 18 year old with a good support system and a good view of the world inherently more vulnerable (due to age) than a 27 year old with no support system and an upbringing where they ended up with an altered view of the world? (So for instance, the 18 year old was taught about sexual exploitation and how to be safe whereas the 27 year old in this context never had that.)

I also think it's important to be careful about the ways we treat victims differently based on perceived differences.

For example, do you think we should treat afab victims of sexual abuse differently than amab victims of sexual abuse? Because there are a lot of mental and emotional differences between people socialized as men versus people socialized as women. Especially in regards to sex and how they view it. This is, of course, caused by societal issues and treating them differently, but it is still a prevalent issue.

So. In short, yes you make sense. But the age conversation is a much bigger (systematic) issue than we really give it credit for.

[devilsdiscipleshq]

THE BASICS | nico sinclair

name: Nico Sinclair face claim: Casey Deidrick age & date of birth: 35, November 5th, 1987 hometown: Chicago, Illinois. time in chicago: Returned five years ago. neighborhood: The West Side occupation: Member of Devil's Disciples MC, Enforcer.

THE ANTIHERO | background

Many people find it hard to believe that Nico Sinclair was born a normal kid with a fairly normal life. His mother was a single parent to him for his childhood and while she struggled to keep food on the table for the pair of them living in the South Side of Chicago, Nico's needs were largely met. He was a happy child, a momma's boy, and he passed through school with no issue. However, at the age of 12, Nico would lose his mother.

Her death was seemingly random, something that no one could've predicted but there will always be a part of Nico that wonders if he could've saved her. It was in his nature to protect her and his friends but the world wasn't quite the same back to him. After his mother's death, Nico had family that could've took him in, unfortunately, they chose not to for one reason or another which resulted into him moving into the foster care system. Foster care showed him that families weren't always as loving as his mother. Survival kicked in and one thing led to another and he was heading to juvie for theft and petty crimes. Reformation, as the state would call it, would come at a cost.

The good grades he'd once had wouldn't matter and the lack of support would only turn the man toward leaving it all behind. The recruiters picked Nico up shortly after his release, sending him to training camp and then directly into an assignment. He barely had time to process the concept of being a part of the military before he was whisked away into a new unit of highly specialized soldiers, based on the promise he showed in training camp and his lack of attachments.

Nico ended up being with his unit for over a decade by the time he ended his career, albeit not by choice. During his time on active duty, he was immersed in a life that was kill or be killed. He was trained to be a human weapon, one that held no emotions-- it was the job but it was his life. Unfortunately, there was only so much the man could see, so much he could experience before his handler recommended him to be removed from the program. Despite his successes-- Nico wasn't always present. His nightmares kept him from sleeping and his lack of sleep sent him into fits of rage and flashbacks from previous missions. Despite request after request, Nico continued his job until his handler found a loophole and got him released.

Admittedly, Nico had never intended to return to Chicago. He wasn't stable enough to exactly hold a job, after all, and being a man of war who knew nothing but protect your people and kill anyone who threatens them doesn't lend itself well-suited for civilian life. In spite of that, he found himself a home and sat, his paranoia and symptoms spiraling. He needed to keep busy because a bored Nico was perhaps more of a problem. His friend introduced him to the Devil's Disciples not more than a few weeks after he returned home. It was an outlet for him to use his training. He easily impressed them with his weapons knowledge, allowing him to be a perfect candidate to help evaluate and valuate new pieces, and his ability to blow things sky high.

Five years later, the blackouts haven't gotten any better and certainly not anymore controllable. Asleep or awake, day or night, his memories haunt him like ghosts. But his job as an enforcer at least allows him to be the weapon he was made into, even if it means he'll only be further and further from who he was, with nothing to tether him to himself anymore.

[dusk-army-blog]

A Medical Report

Patient: Cpl. Lucy (last name unknown)

Age: ~29 Height: [REDACTED] Weight: [REDACTED]

Hair Color: Brown Eye Color: Green Skin: White

To understand the patient's present mental state, we must begin with her history. Ms. Lucy was a resident of the city of Arcester, colloquially known as the Ivy Tower, which was destroyed by unknown means twenty years ago. She is one of only [REDACTED] survivors of that event, all children from the same general area of the city. Her survival is considered miraculous by all metrics: in spite of the district being on a middle branch of the great tree and falling over a mile in the disaster, Lucy was pulled from the wreckage of a church with comparatively minimal injuries. Those consisted of a broken leg, some bruised ribs, and the apparent loss of function in her left eye (more on that subject later).

The government was unable to locate her next of kin, so Lucy was placed into the foster care system at the age of 9 (all medical records of her from Arcester were lost in the Fall, so this is only an estimate). She was given extensive therapy, and passed through the education system with little difficulty. Upon graduation from high school, she enrolled in Westpoint, and has since entered military service where she has had an uneventful career (from what documents the army was willing to turn over, at least). Which brings us to the present, and this evaluation.

I've had many chats with her: about her colleagues, her job, her daily routine. She has a casual manner of speaking. However, Lucy is always distant, never broaching these topics herself and describing them as if they were happening to someone else. When the subject of her childhood is raised, I would expect her to clam up, but she does the opposite. In fact, she often speaks of the Fall as if it were something that occurred yesterday. It is my opinion as a professional that she copes with her trauma by living in the past; whether that is healthy or not, it seems to have worked for her thus far.

However, her musings on the Fall are rarely consistent. One day she'll recount how she met a friend outside her home before going to the church, while another recollection will have her explain that she went to the church alone. Who she spoke to, where she went, it's never the same twice. Only two details have stood out in piecing together all of her accounts. First, many (but not all) of the children she claims to have encountered were also survivors of the Fall. In fact, during our last session, Lucy told me about a conversation she had with one of those children, a boy named Nate. The details are of little importance; the important part is that she claimed to have had a phone call with him just before the session. I gently reminded her that she had said before that Nate had died in the Fall, and she reacted by saying, "Yes, that's right. I forgot that I didn't save him this time." The session ended before I could ask what she meant by that, but I intend to bring it up next time.

The second consistent detail is the mystery woman at the church. Lucy always describes her as being there, prompting her to take shelter before the collapse, but no such person was retrieved from the wreckage. She has also mentioned in passing on more than one occasion that she, "...gave the woman her eye." Which brings me to her injuries: according to the reports from the time, no actual damage could be found in Lucy's eye. However, testing showed that she is unable to see out of it, and that it, in the words of the report, "wanders out of sync with the right." I asked her if she was willing to let me look at her eye, and she politely refused.

I have not reached a diagnostic conclusion in regards to this patient, though I suspect a form of dissociation based on the evidence so far. I believe more therapy is required before she will be fit for active duty again, if that's even possible.

Signed,

Rebecca Carlton, Ph.D

Date: XX/XX

[Appended to the bottom of the report]

Cpl. Lucy is to be transferred to a new psychiatrist, effective immediately. And please, remind her that we can only do that so many times, so it would be best if she stops discussing [REDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTED] with them.

[datamakesthedifference]

VB-MAPP Assessment and Essential for Living Assessment : A Comprehensive Look

Unlocking Potential: A Comprehensive Look at VB-MAPP Assessment and Essential for Living Assessment

Assessments play a vital role in understanding individuals' unique needs, abilities, and areas of growth. Two prominent assessments in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) are the VB MAPP assessment and the Essential for Living assessment. These assessments provide valuable insights into the language and learning skills of individuals with autism and related developmental disabilities, as well as their essential life skills. In this comprehensive exploration, we will delve into VB-MAPP assessment, Essential for Living assessment, and the scoring processes associated with each.

VB-MAPP Assessment: Unveiling Language and Learning Skills

The Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) is widely recognized as an essential tool for assessing the language and learning abilities of individuals with autism. Developed by Dr. Mark Sundberg, VB-MAPP focuses on verbal behavior milestones and provides a comprehensive evaluation across three levels.

Level 1, Early Echoics and Vocal Imitation, examines an individual's ability to imitate vocal sounds and words. This level sets the foundation for further language development. Level 2, Listener Responding and Requests, assesses receptive language skills, including the ability to follow instructions and respond to questions. Level 3, Mand and Tact, evaluates expressive language skills such as making requests and labeling items or actions.

VB-MAPP assesses various language and learning domains, including listener responding, visual perceptual skills, play and social skills, group and classroom skills, and early academic skills. By identifying strengths and areas for improvement within these domains, VB-MAPP provides a roadmap for designing effective interventions to enhance language development and communication.

Scoring VB-MAPP: A Holistic Evaluation

Scoring VB-MAPP requires a thorough understanding of the assessment components and the milestones within each level. Professionals administering VB-MAPP assess the individual's performance across each milestone and assign a score accordingly. The scoring system ranges from 0 to 3, with 0 indicating no performance and 3 indicating mastery of the skill.

It is essential to note that VB MAPP scoring goes beyond numerical values. Each milestone's score provides valuable information about the individual's current abilities, areas of growth, and potential barriers to progress. These scores serve as a foundation for developing individualized intervention plans, setting goals, and monitoring progress over time.

Essential for Living Assessment: Fostering Independence and Life Skills

While VB-MAPP focuses on language and learning skills, the Essential for Living assessment addresses essential life skills necessary for independent living. This comprehensive assessment evaluates an individual's competence across various domains, including self-care, home skills, community skills, vocational skills, and social skills.

Essential for Living assessment encompasses a wide range of functional skills, including personal hygiene, meal preparation, money management, transportation, time management, and social interactions. It aims to identify an individual's strengths, areas requiring support, and opportunities for skill development to enhance independence and quality of life.

Scoring Essential for Living: Nurturing Growth and Independence

Scoring the Essential for Living assessment involves evaluating an individual's performance across various skill areas. Like VB-MAPP, the assessment assigns scores ranging from 0 to 3, indicating the individual's level of competence. Scores reflect the individual's ability to perform specific tasks independently, with prompting, or with assistance.

The scoring process highlights areas of strength, areas requiring additional support, and skill deficits that need intervention. These scores serve as a foundation for developing personalized intervention plans that target specific life skills and foster independence. Regular reassessment using the Essential for Living assessment allows for progress monitoring and adjustment of interventions to ensure continued growth and development.

[theartofsomething]

The Undecided Advocate/Activist’s Manifesto

Throughout life, I have felt a desire to help others by spreading awareness. I have been referred to as an advocate by my mother since I was very young, and as I get older it has become more and more of a compliment. It has become something I consciously work every day to be, for both myself, and others. I believe in constant change fueled by education and awareness. I feel as though these things should be a regular part of conversation to improve the well-being of our and other’s lives. In addition, I feel it is our responsibility as human-beings to advocate for others through activism.

Not Seen on TV

I chose to evaluate a short film, Re-Enactment, and observe its execution of videography in expressing its main themes. The film revolves around a man casually walking around the city with a presumably loaded handgun. When evaluating the reason for the film to be made, my mind took me to gun violence, gun laws, and the illustration of these things. While potentially incorrect, I felt and still feel as though the reason for the film to be filmed at all was to illustrate the potential violence as a result of lax gun laws and gun violence prevention or intervention.

Plotting

When asked to share a story containing a complete plot, I chose to share a personal story of a time that deeply affected me. I shared the story of a judicial review I attended in which a case of The Department of Children and Families was reviewed, and the ultimate decision resulted in the reunification of a family I had worked with for many months. In the end, or the conclusion, the mother thanked me and accredited me for the success of the case by sharing my experience with her and influencing the ultimate decision. Knowing that she felt so strongly that I had helped her by advocating for her left me concrete in my decision that advocacy was something I am passionate about.

Musical Theme

When asked to pick a musical theme and curate a playlist dedicated to this theme, I chose drugs and drug addiction. I did so because I am familiar with the topic and am passionate about it as well. Working with often a drug addicted population, I have become both emotionally and professionally dedicated to spreading awareness about substance abuse issues. Equivocally, the songs I choose to represent this theme of drugs and drug addiction are focused on sympathizing with the addict, and understanding how severe and serious addiction is.

Poetic License

Similar to my “Plotting” assignment, for this assignment I was asked to find a poem that spoke to me. I ended up choosing “Foster Care” by Terry Wolverton. The poem expresses the feelings of a child and their sibling in the foster care system, away from their parents. It touches on the emotions and effects on children that being in such a position cause in both short- and long-term situations. Sharing these feelings and experiences spreads awareness and advocates for the feeling of the child(ren).

The End

Throughout the creation of my own, personal manifesto, I have reconnected with the passion I have for both activism and the advocacy of others. While it has always been a part of my life and what I do, I had forgotten it was a part of me and my character. I believe that may be why I have also had such an appreciation for the arts. Because, art often shares emotion, advocating for people’s feelings and beliefs. It is a long-practiced form at “Artivism”. I plan to continue incorporating standing up for what is right and for those who are unable to stand up for themselves in my everyday life and continue appreciating art for the variation of activism that it is.

[devilsgatewayhq]

Name: Isadora “Izzy” Emmeline Santiago Age: 32 Occupation: Part-time barista at Book Nook’s cafe, part-time model Time living in Tonopah: 22 years Neighborhood: Downtown Gang Affiliation: Los Santos afiliada Face Claim: Seychelle Gabriel

Biography: (tw: military, PTSD, postpartum psychosis, child abuse, suicide)

Isadora never really knew her biological parents. Or rather, she doesn’t remember much about them; both of them were out of the picture by the time she was 5 years old.

Her father, Elijah Burk, was in the army, in and out of the house for long periods of time whenever he was deployed. Her mother, Norah, was a former teacher who had never truly recovered from childbirth. Though she tried, Norah was unable to form a strong emotional connection with her daughter. A few weeks after Izzy was born, Norah began experiencing auditory hallucinations, telling her erroneous reasons why she couldn’t connect. Some of the reasons were absurd, such as the child being a demon sent to punish her for past sins. Though she had gone to get help at Elijah’s insistence, when he was sent out on his final deployment, she had stopped taking her medication. Elijah’s last assignment in the Gulf War saw him honorably discharged following an incident that resulted in a major traumatic brain injury. Though he’d gone through rehabilitation efforts, he never fully recovered his capacity to function without assistance and was institutionalized at an assisted living facility.

Stricken by the grief of losing her husband, dealing with untreated mental illness, and the growing resentment towards her daughter for the perceived notion she’d ruined Norah’s life, the formerly loving woman began to act on her delusions, mistreating Izzy by purposefully not feeding her, depriving her of basic necessities like proper hygiene, in an attempt to drive the demon from her daughter. When these tactics didn’t work, she began to beat the young girl. One of the beatings was so bad that Izzy ended up in the hospital after a neighbor overheard the cries and called the police. Izzy lost most of the hearing in her left ear as a result. Norah was charged with child endangerment, abuse and neglect of a child, and a few other charges, but she never saw any time behind bars for what she’d done; she committed suicide before she was given her sentence.

With no family available to take Izzy in, she was put into the foster care system. The transition was difficult for her at first, but her experience with her mother had hardly dulled her shine. She would eventually befriend everyone and show them kindness, so she was often one of the favorites in whatever foster home she went to which caused conflict with some of the other children. She was in three different homes in her short time in the foster system when the Santiago family adopted her at the age of 6. At the time, it was only her and Matias, Reina being adopted about a year later. Although it took a little while for her to warm up to the idea of being in a new family and move past the trauma she had experienced only a year before, she was ecstatic to have two older siblings and loving parents. She followed her brother and sister around all the time growing up, mirroring them like a young duckling.

The family moved to Tonopah Valley when she was 10 years old. The adjustment took a bit, having to leave behind friends she’d made in New Orleans, but she came to view Tonopah as her hometown faster than the others. On a dare from some high school friends, Izzy entered a modeling competition. She didn’t believe she’d win, but she got second place and caught the notice of a talent scout. After a conversation with her parents about the responsibility of managing her time between school and modeling, she began to make her way into the industry there in the Vegas area. She worked significantly more throughout her early and mid-twenties, but she’s since taken a step back from modeling full-time to re-evaluate her career path.

Headcanons:

Izzy has a hearing aid for her left ear. While it doesn’t completely fix her hearing, it does make it easier for her to hear out of that ear.

She’s very much an optimist in spite of what she’s gone through in life. She actively tries to find the silver lining in every situation.

Although she’s generally a very happy and sunshiney person, she’s still Matias’s younger sister, which means she’s been taught how to shoot and handle a knife, among other self-defense tactics. Although she’d prefer to handle things differently, she’s able to kill a man if necessary.

She initially started modeling in the hopes it would help her experience more that life had to offer outside of Tonopah, but now she’s not so sure it’s what she wants to do for the rest of her life.

[beardedmrbean]

PITTSBURGH (AP) — The Justice Department has been scrutinizing a controversial artificial intelligence tool used by a Pittsburgh-area child protective services agency following concerns that it could result in discrimination against families with disabilities, The Associated Press has learned.

The interest from federal civil rights attorneys comes after an AP investigation revealed potential bias and transparency issues about the opaque algorithm that is designed to assess a family’s risk level when they are reported for child welfare concerns in Allegheny County.

Several civil rights complaints were filed in the fall about the Allegheny Family Screening Tool, which is used to help social workers decide which families to investigate, AP has learned.

Two sources said that attorneys in the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division cited the AP investigation when urging them to submit formal complaints detailing their concerns about how the algorithm could harden bias against people with disabilities, including families with mental health issues.

A third person told AP that the same group of federal civil rights attorneys also spoke with them in November as part of a broad conversation about how algorithmic tools could potentially exacerbate disparities, including for people with disabilities. That conversation explored the design and construction of Allegheny’s influential algorithm, though the full scope of the Justice Department's interest is unknown.

All three sources spoke to AP on the condition of anonymity, saying the Justice Department asked them not to discuss the confidential conversations, and two said they also feared professional retaliation.

Wyn Hornbuckle, a Justice Department spokesman, declined to comment.

Algorithms use pools of information to turn data points into predictions, whether that’s for online shopping, identifying crime hot spots or hiring workers. Many child welfare agencies in the U.S. are considering adopting such tools as part of their work with children and families.

Though there’s been widespread debate over the moral consequences of using artificial intelligence in child protective services, the Justice Department’s interest in the pioneering Allegheny algorithm marks a significant turn toward possible legal implications.

Supporters see algorithms as a promising way to make a strained child protective services system both more thorough and efficient, saying child welfare officials should use all tools at their disposal to make sure children aren’t maltreated. But critics worry that including data points collected largely from people who are poor can automate discrimination against families based on race, income, disabilities or other external characteristics.

Robin Frank, a veteran family law attorney in Pittsburgh and vocal critic of the Allegheny algorithm, said she also filed a complaint with the Justice Department in October on behalf of a client with an intellectual disability who is fighting to get his daughter back from foster care. The AP obtained a copy of the complaint, which raised concerns about how the Allegheny Family Screening Tool assesses a family’s risk.

“I think it’s important for people to be aware of what their rights are and to the extent that we don’t have a lot of information when there seemingly are valid questions about the algorithm, it’s important to have some oversight,” Frank said.

Mark Bertolet, spokesman for the Allegheny County Department of Human Services, said by email that the agency had not heard from the Justice Department and declined interview requests.

“We are not aware of any concerns about the inclusion of these variables from research groups’ past evaluation or community feedback on the (Allegheny Family Screening Tool),” the county said, describing previous studies and outreach regarding the tool.

Allegheny County said its algorithm has used data points tied to disabilities in children, parents and other members of local households because they can help predict the risk that a child will be removed from their home after a maltreatment report. The county added that it has updated its algorithm several times and has sometimes removed disabilities-related data points.

The Allegheny Family Screening Tool was specifically designed to predict the risk that a child will be placed in foster care in the two years after the family is investigated. It has used a trove of detailed personal data collected from child welfare history, as well as birth, Medicaid, substance abuse, mental health, jail and probation records, among other government data sets. When the algorithm calculates a risk score of 1 to 20, the higher the number, the greater the risk. The risk score alone doesn’t determine what happens in the case.

The AP first revealed racial bias and transparency concerns in a story last April that focused on the Allegheny tool and how its statistical calculations help social workers decide which families should be investigated for neglect – a nuanced term that can include everything from inadequate housing to poor hygiene, but is a different category from physical or sexual abuse, which is investigated separately in Pennsylvania and is not subject to the algorithm.

A child welfare investigation can result in vulnerable families receiving more support and services, but it can also lead to the removal of children for foster care and ultimately, the termination of parental rights.

The county has said that hotline workers determine what happens with a family’s case and can always override the tool’s recommendations. It has also underscored that the tool is only applied to the beginning of a family’s potential involvement with the child welfare process. A different social worker who later conducts the investigations, as well as families and their attorneys, aren’t allowed to know the scores.

Allegheny’s algorithm, in use since 2016, has at times drawn from data related to Supplemental Security Income, a Social Security Administration program that provides monthly payments to adults and children with a disability; as well as diagnoses for mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia or mood disorders, AP found.

The county said that when the disabilities data is included, it “is predictive of the outcomes” and “it should come as no surprise that parents with disabilities … may also have a need for additional supports and services.” The county added that there are other risk assessment programs that use data about mental health and other conditions that may affect a parent’s ability to care for a child.

The AP obtained records showing hundreds of specific variables that are used to calculate the risk scores for families who are reported to child protective services, including the public data that powers the Allegheny algorithm and similar tools deployed in child welfare systems elsewhere in the U.S.

The AP’s analysis of Allegheny’s algorithm and those inspired by it in Los Angeles County, California, Douglas County, Colorado, and in Oregon reveals a range of controversial data points that have measured people with low incomes and other disadvantaged demographics, at times measuring families on race, zip code, disabilities and their use of public welfare benefits.

Since the AP’s investigation published, Oregon dropped its algorithm due to racial equity concerns and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy emphasized that parents and social workers needed more transparency about how government agencies were deploying algorithms as part of the nation’s first “AI Bill of Rights.”

The Justice Department has shown a broad interest in investigating algorithms in recent years, said Christy Lopez, a Georgetown University law professor who previously led some of the Justice Department’s civil rights division litigation and investigations.

In a keynote about a year ago, Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke warned that AI technologies had “serious implications for the rights of people with disabilities,” and her division more recently issued guidance to employers saying using AI tools in hiring could violate the Americans with Disabilities Act.

“They are doing their jobs as civil rights investigators to get to the bottom of what’s going on,” Lopez said of the Justice Department scrutiny of Allegheny's tool. “It appears to me that this is a priority for the division, investigating the extent to which algorithms are perpetuating discriminatory practices.”

Traci LaLiberte, a University of Minnesota expert on child welfare and disabilities, said the Justice Department's inquiry stood out to her, as federal authorities have largely deferred to local child welfare agencies.

“The Department of Justice is pretty far afield from child welfare,” LaLiberte said. “It really has to rise to the level of pretty significant concern to dedicate time and get involved.”

Emily Putnam-Hornstein and Rhema Vaithianathan, the two developers of Allegheny’s algorithm and other tools like it, deferred to Allegheny County’s answers about the algorithm’s inner workings. They said in an email that they were unaware of any Justice Department scrutiny relating to the algorithm.

Researchers and community members have long raised concerns that some of the data powering child welfare algorithms may heighten historical biases against marginalized people within children protective services. That includes parents with disabilities, a community that is a protected class under federal civil rights law.

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability, which can include a wide spectrum of conditions, from diabetes, cancer and hearing loss to intellectual disabilities and mental and behavioral health diagnosis like ADHD, depression and schizophrenia.

LaLiberte has published research detailing how parents with disabilities are disproportionately affected by the child welfare system. She challenged the idea of using data points related to disabilities in any algorithm because, she said, that assesses characteristics people can’t change, rather than their behavior.

“If it isn’t part of the behavior, then having it in the (algorithm) biases it,” LaLiberte said.