#cost of research

[thoughtlessarse]

Lower drug pricing does not follow from an expansion of innovative medicine indications, according to Dutch researchers. They claim pharma companies often fail to pass on their financial gain to patients and health services. If more patients are prescribed a certain medicine, the price could be reduced because pharmaceutical companies can recoup the research costs incurred more quickly, researchers from Erasmus University Rotterdam and the Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam claim. This finding emerges from their study published in the peer-reviewed PLoS ONE journal last February. The study considers the possible financial effects of a broader use of two cancer drugs, pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and daratumumab (Darzalex), which have already been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. “Pharmaceutical companies are responsible for their own pricing strategy; it is not up to academics to dictate what exact price reduction to accept,” study first author Renaud Heine told Euractiv. However, when asked about the potential of this new pricing method, the Dutch Association for Innovative Medicines (VIG), which is a member of EFPIA, cited arguments raised by economics professor Lieven Annemans that the proposed model change does not value true innovation and that value-based pricing remains more appropriate. Indication broadening and pricing Heine explained they aimed to study the effect of indication broadening on price when applying cost-based pricing (CBP). “Our results indicate that cost-based prices drop consistently after indication broadening and are below known list prices,” he said. Building on the CBP model developed by two researchers, Uyl-de Groot and Löwenberg, in 2018, the research group explored price changes of these medicines if there was a continuous indication expansion. Both drugs are immuno-oncology drugs. Pembrolizumab was first used for only one type of tumour, but now it is prescribed for approximately 35 different indications for various types of tumours. Daratumumab was initially used for one type of cancer, multiple myeloma. It is now prescribed for eight other indications within multiple myeloma. While development costs for new drugs can be significantly high for the first indication, they become lower with each expansion of use in new indications. However, this financial gain for pharmaceutical companies is often not passed on to society despite the lower costs, the researchers say.

continue reading

[doriandrifting]

Ted Wheeler sees the Byers and says, “Thank god you folks are back. Between the two of these kids, I thought I was going to have to take out a second mortgage just to afford my phone bill,” and has absolutely no idea the chaos he has just unleashed.

[theactualsunshinechild]

I think Aventio and Screwtio shippers shouldn't fight. After all, Ratio has two hands!

That's right. Two hands.

One for his chalk.

One for his codex.

Both of which he's holding in an embarrassed death grip as they chat away with each other about him.

[unproduciblesmackdown]

always enjoyed the Chess Set In The Foreground perspective framing used here

now also noting like, huh, a chess set in a general store just visited by marigold competitors who killed one of their guys and are now on the way back from their rendezvous point w/suppliers

[vagun1ka]

asta concept

[agender-mutant]

stat training shitpost

[shithowdy]

can you guys please for the love of christ start checking the bio of someone who has posted a dumbass take to make sure they aren't an actual child before you decide to do sick dunks on them to your audience of thousands

[wuntrum]

the waiting in my life has gotten to the point where i started looking at masters programs today

[thunderc1an]

what is your thesis about?

runs around happily! This is my simplified version of what my argument is about

TLDR: that Angel under god in the creation of Adam? Yeah that’s St. Michael

[b0nelessdoodles]

espresso needing to weigh the moral pros and cons of the research he wants to conduct and shadow milk is just floating there like DO IT

(he's gonna do it 'cause that stupid blonde jock likes him a whole lot for reasons he cannot understand)

[heartru]

my least favourite thing from the watcher discourse has been people saying “WE never asked for higher quality” or “your most popular shows are where you just sit around and talk!!” - babes its likely not what THEY want to do for the rest of eternity lol. they’re allowed to want to grow as creatives and make things they are proud of?

[otaku553]

My brother recently got into Demon Slayer so I wanted to make a kny oc for him since I did it before with both me and my sister and never got around to my brother :)

But I started by refreshing my own design because wow?? It’s been 4 years since I first made my kny insert character and a lot of things are now outdated! Not to mention my art has improved a lot, I hope. More details under the cut!

Meet Ebisu Koharu: youngest of the Ebisu family and physically the weakest. They only barely passed Final Selection by hiding for the entire week and surviving off tips from their older siblings. Nonetheless, they still want to contribute, which is why they hold onto a thick, leather bound book that records every demon they’ve ever met in precise detail, with labeled diagrams and scribbled calculations in the margins of different strengths and weaknesses.

After spending a few years on the job, and properly seeing their data contribute to the successes of other demon slayers, they’ve come a bit more into their own as a competent researcher and fighter, though they still do tend to request paired missions with friends and family to act more as a support role rather than a fighter.

The Ebisu family is one of scholars. The eldest daughter Kaoru is a doctor, and the eldest son Shougen is a chemist. By nature, fighting is not necessarily their strong suit, which is why their family breathing style and techniques are all poison-assisted. Of the three, Koharu is the weakest and most averse to combat— they wield a short half-length blade, with more of a smooth ceremonial hilt and sheath than any practical weapon.

[maddie-w-draws]

[andr0nap-wf]

honestly my favorite part of albrechts notes is the casual mention of the fact that getting so high they get sick is part of their scientific process

[y-rhywbeth2]

You know, even ignoring the whole "vampirism can be cured" thing, if we want a spell or enchanted item that lets vampires walk in the sun and dodge other weaknesses and drawbacks I'm pretty sure Gale - prodigy who caught the eye of the Mother of Magic as a child, had to be told he can't teach every specialisation, archwizard - can just... make one? Even if he's not recovered enough from having his magic stripped to cast a spell himself, he knows the theory well enough to lay the foundations for somebody else to cast.

Like, magic is basically a science, all spells were researched and created by a wizard at some point. Magic that protects vampires from the sun already exists in BG canon. This is perfectly achievable.

I think Gale would have a great time puzzling it over and infodumping about it.

The price is that Astarion has to get a migraine forcing his dead braincells to pay attention.

[lex-jots]

charlie’s sketchy drug dealing past is gonna ruin my search history istg