#chronic kidney disease causes and treatment

[kidneytreatment01]

A Comprehensive Method: Homeopathic Therapy for Advanced Kidney Failure

When the kidneys are unable to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood, the disease is referred to medically as treatment for kidney failure. As a result, the body may accumulate fluids and poisons, which could result in a number of problems. Homeopathy offers a comprehensive approach to managing renal failure, whereas mainstream medicine offers therapies like kidney failure treatment without dialysis. By treating the underlying causes of the ailment, homeopathic treatment seeks to restore balance and promote the body's inherent healing abilities.

Understanding Homeopathy:

Homeopathy is a natural medical approach that operates under the tenet that "like cures like." To encourage the body's self-healing processes, it employs highly diluted compounds that are sourced from plants, minerals, and other natural sources. Homeopathic remedies are individualized treatments that are chosen according to the patient's particular symptoms, temperament, and general state of health.

A comprehensive and customized approach to treatment for kidney failure is offered by homeopathic treatment, which emphasizes reestablishing emotional, mental, and physical equilibrium as well as promoting the body's self-healing processes. Although homeopathy cannot heal advanced kidney failure treatment without dialysis, it can relieve symptoms, enhance general wellbeing, and improve quality of life when used in conjunction with conventional treatments. For individualized care catered to each patient's needs and health objectives, speaking with a licensed homeopath is imperative.

How to Reduce High Creatinine Levels Naturally: Using a Homeopathic Approach

Since the kidneys are in charge of removing creatinine from the blood and excreting it in the urine, elevated blood creatinine levels are frequently a sign of compromised renal function. high creatinine treatment levels may indicate renal injury or dysfunction, which needs to be addressed right once to avoid worsening the situation. A comprehensive approach to treating the underlying causes of elevated creatinine levels and promoting kidney health is provided by homeopathy, whereas conventional treatments concentrate on symptom management and halting the progression of the condition.

Understanding homeopathy: 

Homeopathy is a natural medical approach based on the individualization and "like cures like" tenets. It stimulates the body's self-healing systems by using highly diluted natural sources of chemicals. Homeopathic remedies are customized to each patient's distinctive symptoms, temperament, and chronic kidney disease causes and treatment.

Lowering raised creatinine levels and promoting kidney health are the two main goals of homeopathic high creatinine treatment levels. It is customized and comprehensive. Although it cannot heal advanced kidney impairment, homeopathy can relieve symptoms, enhance quality of life, and support conventional treatments. For individualized care that is suited to each patient's needs and health objectives and that promotes renal function and general well-being, speaking with a trained homeopath is crucial.

[lexingtonrenalcare]

Lexington Renal Care

Provides comprehensive care for patients who are facing kidney disease, kidney transplant hospital in Lexington, KY transplants, dialysis, and hypertension.   Our patients are our highest priority. We understand that each the patient is unique and individual needs will be considered when deciding on treatment options.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Global Emergency Compounded by the AIDS-like Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Published Sept 1, 2024

Over a million people in the US are being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) every day.

Originally named after the acute respiratory syndrome it can cause as a consequence of blood vessel damage in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2 is actually primarily a blood vessel virus that spreads through the airways. It causes a complex multisystem disease (1). It is airborne (2). It can persist in the body, and is detectable in body and brain tissue even at autopsy of “recovered” patients (3).

Each infection ages the body, causes damage to the blood vessels and the immune system, and affects organs including the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, bones, etc. (4, 5, 6)

Each infection ages the brain. Specifically, it reduces gray matter and cognitive ability (7), and potentially IQ score (8). It increases the risk of psychiatric disorders (9). SARS-CoV-2 has also been identified as contributing to accelerated dementia (10).

The potential post-acute phase impacts of SARS-CoV-2 include long COVID, some manifestations of which are chronic conditions that can last a lifetime, including heart disease, diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis and dysautonomia (11).

The Economist has estimated excess deaths from the beginning of the Pandemic through May 2024 at up to 35 million people worldwide. (12)

In Addition, Many Scientists Are Now Issuing Warnings… SARS-CoV-2 triggers a new airborne form of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (13, 14, 15) (some are proposing specific terms such as “CoV-AIDS”).

This is not AIDS as we know it from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it is a new type of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with different deleterious effects on immune function (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21), but both resulting in increased vulnerability to infections (22). Immune system deficiency and other COVID properties also suggest a potential link to greater risk of cancers (23, 24, 25, 26, 27).

The “original” AIDS caused by HIV takes up to around 10 to 15 years to make its presence felt, with the initial infection usually barely noticed and often resembling the common cold or a flu-like disease until its damage manifests itself leading to death in the absence of treatments (28, 29).

With SARS-CoV-2, immunodeficiency develops in the weeks and months following infection. It involves reduction and functional exhaustion of T Cells (30), enhanced inhibition of MHC-I expression (31), downregulating CD19 expression in B cells (32) and other evidence of immune dysregulation (33, 34). In one study, the dysregulation persisted for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, the length of the study (35). There is no “cure” for any of the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 including immune dysregulation.

Did You Know? Repeated infections are leading to prolonged immune dysregulation, and increase the risk of progressive disability and death.

Long COVID is a multisystem disease with debilitating symptoms, which has had a profound impact on society and the global economy. In the USA, economists have estimated that long COVID will incur cumulative future costs of more than US$4 trillion (36, 37).

The worldwide devastating economic consequences of this mass disabling event have been measured in terms of total work hours and GDP lost around the world (38).

It theoretically only takes a single viral particle to initiate an infection, and most infections are initiated by very few viral particles (39).

Despite current popular belief, the immune system is NOT a muscle, and does NOT benefit from being repeatedly challenged with disease-causing microbes. In fact, its finite resources are depleted with each new infection.

Herd immunity is unattainable for a rapidly mutating, immune-disrupting virus, and there is no basis to believe that a vascular infection will evolve into the common cold. Continuing to ignore SARS-CoV-2 will not make it go away. Depriving the virus of publicity does not deprive it of its continuing lethal effects.

SARS-CoV-2 is continuing to evolve and mutate – it is not running out of evolutionary space. It is not a cold or the flu, but primarily a blood vessel disease. It is damaging society as we know it.

How many repeated infections can we expect young people to endure and survive? Even if they get only 1 infection each year, that’s 10 infections in 10 school years. This is not compatible with health and a long life. Repeated infections can lead to long COVID and shortened lifespans.

How Do We Protect Ourselves, How Do We Protect Our Children, When Government Public Health Advice Has Failed?

By reducing transmission so that R0 remains less than one (meaning that each person infects less than one other), we can suppress and gradually eliminate the virus, targeting a safer return to pre-2020 normal.

Handwashing is helpful, but it is not the main way to stop the spread of this airborne virus.

Respirators can block 95% or more of virus particles through electrostatic action, and are therefore highly effective at reducing infection even if only one person in a conversation is wearing them. They are far more effective if all people are wearing them (40).

Transmission can be reduced with HEPA filtration and ventilation of indoor air.

The virus spreads more quickly in indoor settings, but also spreads outdoors.

For medical facilities, it is essential to clean the air with ventilation and filtration and require universal high-quality masking (with N-95/ FFP3 respirators or better) to protect medical staff and patients.

For workplaces, clean air will reduce transmission; and encouraging employees to test and stay home when infectious is essential. High-quality masking should be encouraged in the case of symptoms, a sick person at home, or any other suspicion that one could be carrying the virus. Remote work should be normalized and encouraged wherever possible.

For entertainment venues, events should be held outdoors when possible; and if indoors, clean air is key to protecting audiences. Audiences should also be encouraged to wear respirators to avoid getting infected and infecting others. Digital streaming options should always be offered.

For restaurants, an emphasis on outdoor dining will substantially reduce transmission. Patio service should be encouraged, and indoor dining areas should be well-ventilated with a high level of air-exchanges. Home or curbside delivery offers a safer alternative.

For schools, clean air will reduce transmission; encouraging students to test and stay home when infectious is essential to preserving their health. Masking or remote learning should be initiated whenever a case is detected or the incidence in the general population sharply increases. A permanent hybrid model / digital option can accommodate children with disabilities or those who simply do better learning from home.

Teachers and medical professionals may prefer to use transparent masks, or to wear HEPA-filtered headgear equipment that may be more universally tolerated/accepted.

To track our progress, we need sustained wastewater and population-level testing.

With just 60-70 percent of people taking mitigation measures such as masking, testing and isolating when infected, we can dramatically reduce forward transmission of the virus.

Even with very imperfect measures, as long as one infected person does not infect more than one person on average, the virus will eventually die out. The fewer people each person infects on average, the faster it will happen.

We still have a window of opportunity. Protecting ourselves and our families is in fact protecting the economy and the continued orderly functioning of our society.

[tarotfairy0919]

✧—⊹ ˖🥟⊹ ˖—✧Health meanings in tarot - Major Arcana edition✧—⊹ ˖🥟⊹ ˖—✧

©tarotfairy0919 - all rights reserved. do not copy, translate, alter or repost my work.

Please REBLOG if you find this information useful! ༄˖°🪐.ೃ࿔*

Health can be a complex and multifaceted issue, involving physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. Tarot, on the other hand, is a tool that can be used for guidance, insight, and self-reflection.

When it comes to health readings in tarot, it is important to approach the cards with a sense of openness and curiosity. The cards can provide perspective on your current health situation, potential obstacles or challenges, and possible paths forward.

It is essential to remember that tarot readings are not a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment. If you have concerns about your health, it is always best to consult with a qualified healthcare provider.

🩺Fool~ Unexpected health events such as accidents and pregnancies. Diseases that are out of our control.

🩺Magician ~ An over-active mind, watch for illnesses with thinking, communication, learning difficulties, memory problems.

🩺High Priestess ~ Health issues involving hormonal imbalances. This card rules women, the uterus, ovaries, and breasts.

🩺The Empress ~ If poorly aspected it denotes laziness, sexual transmitted diseases, and stress from making poor lifestyle choices.

🩺The Emperor ~ Sports injuries, war injuries, injuries inflicted in anger, sharp objects harming us, isolation, injuries involving animals. Problems with head and face, blood and muscles.

🩺The Hierophant ~ Nutritional deficiencies, lack of emotional support, inadequate medical advice. On a positive note, a strong immune system that resists illnesses.

🩺The Lovers ~ Health issues of the skin, eyesight and hearing. Issues with any part of the body that comes in pair, such as eyes, ears, arms, legs, lungs, kidneys.

🩺The Chariot ~ Health issues related to genetics, mouth, womb and breasts. Ailments specific to women and pertaining to motherhood.

🩺Strength ~ Issues with overwork, exhaustion, unhealthy lifestyle and habits, and intimacy issues. Problems with the heart, circulation, spine, vitality, and ribs.

🩺The Hermit ~ Problems with the intestines, lower stomach, gallbladder, and spleen.

🩺Wheel of Fortune ~ This card governs the liver and its functions. Toxic build-up in the liver can cause skin eruptions, low vitality, poor eyesight, and allergies.

🩺Justice ~ Ruled by Libra it governs organs in our core: lower back, kidneys, adrenals, ovaries and inner ear.

🩺The Hanged Man ~ This card rules drugs of all kinds and suggests issues with drug addicts, drug poisoning, over-medication or lack of medication. It also suggests sleep disorders, asphyxiation, hypnosis, memory problems, insanity, nervous breakdowns, delusions.

🩺Death ~ It rules groin and elimination organs, it suggests problems with the genitals, anus, colon, gonads, prostate, bladder, urethra, pubic bone, and hernias.

🩺Temperance ~ This card rules anything hot, fast and intense, it suggests a sudden onset of fevers, burns and intemperate behaviour gone too far. Temperance rules exotic places indicating infections from a foreign land or person.

🩺The Devil ~ Issues with teeth, bones, joints and knees. Devil also suggests old age, colds, rheumatism, arthritis, aging skin, broken bones and chronic conditions.

🩺The Tower ~ This card suggests a sudden onset of symptoms, complications, infections, accidents and confrontations. Be aware of your blood pressure.

🩺The Star ~ Issues with ankles, legs, blood circulation, spasmodic complaints, nervous system.

🩺The Moon ~ Issues with mental health, alcohol, drugs, malnutrition, disorder of the lymph system, sleep issues, hidden diseases.

🩺The Sun ~ Sun burn, sun stroke, eyesight problems, skin cancers, vitamin D deficiency, heart disease, depression.

🩺Judgement ~ Issues with man-made polluting, toxins, nuclear power, and waste.

🩺The World ~ Melancholy about aging and issues with aging. Stress from government agencies. Burdens and stress from carrying the world's problems on your shoulders.

ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡ ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡oopsie you already reached the end ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡ʕ•ᴥ•ʔﾉ♡

[fooltemps]

Leukemia and Lymphoma Awareness Flags!!

This flag was designed by us, as we currently have a family member with Leukemia and wish to bring awareness to this kind of cancer.

color meaning:

#FF2D34: Myeloma

#00DC0E: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

#FF8C2E: Leukemia

#D12DFF: Hodgkin Lymphoma

Below is information all about Leukemia and Lymphoma Cancers.

Leukemia and Lymphoma are both cancers that are not associated with a tumor. Lymphomas are cancers that affect the lymph system and start in cells called lymphocytes. Leukemia is a cancer of the early blood-forming tissues, including your bone marrow and lymph system.

There are many types of lymphoma. Some grow and spread slowly and some are more aggressive. There are two main types of Lymphoma:

1. Hodgkin Lymphoma is cancer that starts in the B lymphocytes (B cells) of the lymph system. Your lymph system helps you fight infection and control the fluids in your body.

2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is cancer that starts in the lymphocytes anywhere lymph tissue is found:

Lymph nodes

Spleen

Bone marrow

Thymus

Adenoids and tonsils, or

The digestive track.

Leukemia typically involves white blood cells, the cells that are your infection fighters. Leukemia can be divided into categories: fast growing (acute) and slow growing (chronic); and by which white blood cells are affected:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

A screening test is used to detect cancers in people who may be at higher risk for developing the disease. With leukemia and lymphoma, there are no early detection tests. The best way to find them is to be aware of the symptoms:

Swollen lymph nodes which can appear as a lump in the neck, armpit or groin;

Fever

Night sweats

Weight loss without trying, and

Fatigue.

Leukemia can have similar symptoms but also can include:

Easy bleeding or bruising;

Recurring nosebleeds; and

Bone pain or tenderness

Myeloma is cancer of the plasma cells. Plasma cells are white blood cells that produce disease- and infection-fighting antibodies in your body. Myeloma cells prevent the normal production of antibodies, leaving your body's immune system weakened and susceptible to infection. The multiplication of myeloma cells also interferes with the normal production and function of red and white blood cells. An abnormally high amount of these dysfunctional antibodies in the bloodstream can cause kidney damage. Additionally, the myeloma cells commonly produce substances that cause bone destruction, leading to bone pain and/or fractures.

Myeloma cells are produced in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside your bones. Sometimes myeloma cells will travel through your blood stream and collect in other bones in your body. Because myeloma frequently occurs at many sites in the bone marrow, it is often referred to as multiple myeloma.

Signs and symptoms of myeloma include the following:

Hypercalcemia (excessive calcium in the blood)

Anemia (shortage or reduced function of red blood cells)

Renal damage (kidney failure)

Susceptibility to infection

Osteoporosis, bone pain, bone swelling, or fracture

High protein levels in the blood and/or urine

Weight loss

In 2022, more than 62,650 people are expected to be diagnosed with leukemia. In addition:

Leukemia accounts for 3.6% of all new cancer cases.

The overall 5-year survival rate for leukemia has more than quadrupled since 1960.

62.7% of leukemia patients survive 5 years or more.

The diagnosis of leukemia requires specific blood tests, including an examination of cells in the blood and marrow.

Treatment and prognosis depend on the type of blood cell affected and whether the leukemia is acute or chronic. Chemotherapy and blood and marrow transplant are often used to treat leukemia.

If you wish to read more about Leukemia and Lymphoma cancer, please visit this website!

[pumpkin-belly]

Ok. Pumpkin update when I should be filling out his medical forms or fighting fruitlessly with the pharmacy, my doctor's office, and insurance to get a replacement for the discontinued immunosuppressant I need to fight the damage covid did to my immune system, turning it against me even worse than the arthritis i had before.

To review, my Elder Statescat has:

Nineteen years

Feline herpes triggered by stress, causing cold sores/irritation inside nasal passages

Arthritis in his back legs

Hyperthyroidism since 2022, which dropped him from 12 to 10lb.

Chronic Kidney Disease confirmed Dec 2023

Congenital enlarged heart and intermittent heart murmur.

Which wasn't a problem until last checkup, when it showed ventricle thickening & constriction.

Probably the cause of a syncope (fainting) incident while I was in Texas. i've never seen that happen before.

Plus he's outlived his original owner. Her family, including vet tech granddaughter, are my neighbors.

Since December, kidney and heart disease have progressed, herpes flareups keep giving him cold-like symptoms, he's lost appetite (not normal with hyperthyroidism), and his thyroid med has stopped working. His weight has dropped to 8.4 and falling. 😢

When he first came to me, he was an overstuffed plush toy of 17 lbs.

But he's still opinionated and purring and talkative, and he just climbed up to bug me bc  I haven't been paying attention to him while writing this.

So, after ultrasounds to make sure there weren't other problems causing his loss of appetite, I've signed him up for Iodine-131 treatment on Sunday.

This is a Hail Mary: hyperthyroidism aggravates kidney disease and heart problems, and can cause nausea/ibs too. if we can get some weight back on him, maybe he'll have more reserves to fight the herpes flareup too.

Otherwise, I think we'll be saying goodbye pretty soon.

���Even if it works, of course, he's old. The doctor's prognosis was 2 to 4 more years, with kidney disease finishing him off like most cats (including my last). But hopefully his quality of life will be better.

Wish the old man luck.

April 1, 2020 - Floofer pre-hyperthyroid

[savrenim]

not to be another donations post but you may remember how over the summer we had massive amounts of plumbing problems and other unexpected moving costs? well. after proceeding to work every single hour available to me for six months, take no holidays whatsoever, and budget the hell out of every aspect of my life, I was actually on track to pay everything back and maybe have a little bit of wiggle room by the time summer came around!

and then we got a call from the vet about routine labs saying that if we didn't take Suzy in to an emergency specialty hospital immediately, she would die within in a week, she might die anyways if we took her there, but it was our only chance to have a few more months with her. after an extremely difficult household discussion, we decided that we needed to do as much as we could for her. she's been a beloved member of the family for 18 years. we were not going to abandon her in her hour of need.

with two days at the specialty hospital, the prognosis was better than we could have possibly hoped! the most important thing is she does not have heart problems at all, which means that we can treat her chronic kidney disease with normal IV fluids and with careful treatment she could easily be with us for years to come. the timely intervention also may or may not have saved her from acute kidney failure too, we'll know when we go back to the vet on Wednesday to get her blood checked where her levels have stabilized at.

two days at the specialty hospital means we are also down $3652 , and no longer are on track to pay back everything by July when it comes due unless a couple of uncertain things going forward Go Right, I do not trust everything to Go Right, and we're also still uncertain about what long-term treatment going forward is going to cost.

I still have my ko-fi and my patreon, but honestly, I'm aware that everything is tight for everyone always and there are also a lot of causes that need money right now and in the face of that "hey my family went super out on a limb to try to save our cat and would love some help not falling off" feels kind of shallow. but like. not to sound dumb or like a youtuber or podcaster, but, like. honestly I think the Most Helpful Thing that anyone could do for me right now is take a fucking HelloFresh link that will send you a "free" box for cost-of-shipping ($7ish?) if you Sign Up For An Account that you can then cancel Immediately After The Box Has Shipped and Never Give Them Any More Money Than That and get Six To Ten Meals Out Of It, and for getting someone to "sign up", they will give me a free box too. like. if 13 people are willing to take a link then I don't need to worry about food for the next three months. which would be. HUGE.

so I guess.... dm me if you want a link? otherwise expect to see a lot of promotion of my writing/ patreon as I scramble the hell to try to make this money up

[kidneytreatment01]

Holistic Methods for Maintaining Kidney Health: Going Beyond Dialysis and Traditional Therapies

The kidneys are silent heroes in the complex symphony of our bodies' processes, filtering waste, balancing fluids, and controlling blood pressure. But when these essential organs fail, like in the case of chronic kidney disease causes and treatment or renal failure, it can throw off the balance of our whole system. The conversation surrounding kidney health is frequently dominated by conventional therapies like medicine and dialysis, but there is a field of complementary therapies like homeopathy that provide alternate avenues for healing.

Comprehending Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure:

Millions of people throughout the world suffer from chronic kidney disease, a prevalent condition marked by a progressive decrease of kidney function over time. There are many different reasons why this happens, from autoimmune disorders and genetic predispositions to diabetes and hypertension. If chronic kidney disease causes and treatment is not treated, it can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is characterized by significantly reduced kidney function and kidney failure treatment without dialysis to survive.

Traditional Interventions and Restrictions:

Even while kidney failure treatment without dialysis can save lives, there are a number of difficulties associated with it, including lengthy sessions, dietary restrictions, and other consequences. Furthermore, it treats the symptoms rather than the fundamental cause, highlighting the necessity of holistic methods that focus on the body's underlying imbalances.

A Comprehensive Strategy for Renal Health:

Nutritional therapy: 

Dietary adjustments designed to support renal function are a fundamental component of comprehensive kidney care. Reducing consumption of salt, phosphorus, and potassium and making sure you drink enough water will help the kidneys work less hard and slow down the advancement of the condition.

Herbal medicines: 

For millennia, people have utilized traditional herbal medicines to promote kidney health. Plants with diuretic qualities, such as dandelion root, parsley, and nettle leaf, encourage the generation of urine and aid in the removal of toxins. But, it's imperative that you speak with a licensed healthcare professional before adding herbal supplements to your routine.

Stress management: 

By raising blood pressure and inducing inflammatory reactions, long-term stress can make renal failure worse. Mind-body techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises provide comprehensive ways to reduce stress and create an atmosphere that is favorable for high creatinine treatment.

Homeopathy: 

A Calm Method for Maintaining Kidney Health

When treating kidney diseases, homeopathy offers a mild yet effective method that doesn't mask symptoms in favor of reestablishing the body's natural balance. The choice of remedies is determined by the individual presentation of each patient, taking into account mental, emotional, and physical factors. Because homeopathic treatments don't have harmful side effects like conventional pharmaceuticals do, they can be used for an extended period of time.

In summary:

Although dialysis and other traditional treatments are still essential for treating advanced kidney disease, holistic methods provide additional means of promoting renal health, reducing symptoms, and raising overall quality of life. As a safe and efficient treatment option for kidney diseases, high creatinine treatment tailored care and gently stimulates the body's healing mechanisms. Adopting a holistic approach that incorporates dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, and complementary therapies can enable people to take charge of their own kidney health and vitality.

[congorx]

The High Rate Of Diabetes In Congo

In recent years, diabetes has become a growing public health concern in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country traditionally known for infectious diseases like malaria. While attention has primarily focused on combating communicable diseases, the surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes is an issue that can no longer be ignored. This blog delves into the reasons behind the rising rate of diabetes in Congo, shedding light on the factors contributing to this growing health crisis.

1. Urbanization and Lifestyle Changes

One of the primary contributors to the increasing rate of diabetes in Congo is the rapid urbanization occurring across the country. As people migrate to cities for better job opportunities, they adopt more sedentary lifestyles. Physical activity levels decrease as jobs become less labor-intensive, and there is increased reliance on modern transportation.

Alongside this, urban living brings greater access to processed foods, which are high in sugar and unhealthy fats. These dietary shifts, coupled with reduced physical activity, significantly increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Traditional diets rich in fiber and low in fat have been replaced by fast foods, sugary beverages, and snacks, creating a perfect storm for the rise of diabetes.

2. Poverty and Limited Access to Healthcare

Congo is one of the poorest countries in the world, and poverty plays a crucial role in the increasing rate of diabetes. With limited financial resources, many people cannot afford regular medical checkups or treatments for chronic conditions. As a result, diabetes often goes undiagnosed and untreated until complications arise.

The healthcare system in Congo is also underdeveloped, with limited access to healthcare professionals, medications, and diagnostic tools. This makes it difficult for individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively, leading to poor outcomes and a higher prevalence of complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and amputations.

3. Lack of Awareness and Education

A lack of public awareness and education about diabetes is another factor contributing to the rise of the disease in Congo. Many people are unaware of the signs and symptoms of diabetes, which leads to delayed diagnosis. Additionally, misconceptions about the disease are prevalent, and some people may attribute its symptoms to other health conditions or even spiritual causes.

Without adequate education, people are less likely to adopt healthy lifestyle changes, such as improving their diet or increasing physical activity, both of which are critical in preventing and managing diabetes.

4. Genetic Predisposition

Genetics also plays a role in the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Congo. Some populations may be more genetically predisposed to developing the disease, especially if combined with environmental factors like poor diet and lack of exercise. Studies show that individuals of African descent are at higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to other ethnic groups.

5. Post-Conflict Stress and Trauma

The DRC has been plagued by decades of conflict and political instability, which has left many people traumatized and displaced. Chronic stress and trauma can lead to elevated blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of developing diabetes over time. The stress of daily survival, poor living conditions in refugee camps, and the lingering effects of war all contribute to the rise of diabetes in the country.

6. Inadequate Policy Responses and Health Infrastructure

While Congo has made strides in addressing communicable diseases, efforts to combat non-communicable diseases like diabetes have lagged behind. The country lacks comprehensive national policies for diabetes prevention and control. Public health campaigns targeting diabetes awareness are minimal, and there is a shortage of trained healthcare providers to diagnose and treat the disease.

Without a strong healthcare infrastructure in place, individuals with diabetes are left to fend for themselves, often turning to traditional healers or home remedies that may not be effective in managing the condition.

7. Consequences of the Diabetes Epidemic

The rising tide of diabetes in Congo has far-reaching consequences. As more people develop diabetes, the burden on the healthcare system intensifies, further straining already limited resources. The economic impact is also significant, as individuals with diabetes often miss work due to illness, reducing productivity and income.

Moreover, diabetes-related complications, such as blindness, amputations, and kidney disease, place additional stress on families and communities, making it difficult to break the cycle of poverty and poor health.

Conclusion: Addressing the Growing Diabetes Crisis in Congo

The rise of diabetes in Congo is a complex issue driven by multiple factors, including urbanization, poverty, lack of awareness, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. To combat this growing epidemic, Congo must invest in education and awareness campaigns that emphasize the importance of healthy eating and regular physical activity. Additionally, improving access to healthcare services and ensuring early diagnosis and treatment are crucial steps in reducing the burden of diabetes on the population.

Addressing the diabetes crisis in Congo requires a multi-faceted approach, combining public health interventions, policy changes, and community engagement. With the right resources and strategies, it is possible to slow the spread of diabetes and improve the quality of life for those affected by the disease.

[dr-smita-goel-homeopathy-clinic]

*Dr. Smita Goel Homeopathy Clinic*

www.thehomeopathyclinic.co.in

A person with short stature, or restricted growth, does not grow as tall as other people of the same gender, age, and ethnicity. The person's height is below the 3rd percentile.

Short stature can be a variant of normal growth, or it may indicate a disorder or condition.

Growth rate is an important indicator of overall health. Children who do not reach the 5th percentile by the age of 5 years are said to be small for gestational age (SGA). A pediatrician will look out for signs of "failure to thrive."

Early intervention can prevent future problems in many cases.

Normally, at 8 years of age, a child's arm span is around the same as their height. If these measurements are out of proportion, this may be a sign of disproportionate short stature (DSS), sometimes known as "dwarfism."

Fast facts on short stature

Here are some key points about short stature. More detail is in the main article.

• Short stature can happen for a wide range of reasons, including having small parents, malnutrition, and genetic conditions such as achondroplasia.

• Proportionate short stature (PSS) is when the person is small, but all the parts are in the usual proportions. In disproportionate short stature (DSS), the limbs may be small compared with the trunk.

• If short stature results from a growth hormone (GH) deficiency, GH treatment can often boost growth.

• Some people may experience long-term medical complications, but intelligence is not usually affected.

Causes

Growth depends on a complex range of factors, including genetic makeup, nutrition, and hormonal influences.

The most common cause of short stature is having parents whose height is below average, but around 5 percent of children with short stature have a medical condition.

Conditions that can underlie short stature include:

• Undernutrition, due to a disease or lack of nutrients

• Hypothyroidism, leading to a lack of growth hormone

• A tumor in the pituitary gland

• Diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, or gastrointestinal tract

• Conditions that affect the production of collagen and other proteins

• Some chronic diseases, such as celiac disease and other inflammatory disorders

• Mitochondrial disease, which can affect the body in different ways, including growth

Sometimes, an injury to the head during childhood can lead to reduced growth.

A lack of growth hormone can also lead to delayed or absent sexual development.

Rheumatologic diseases, such as arthritis, are linked to short stature. This may happen because of the disease, or as a result of the glucocorticoid treatment, which can affect the release of growth hormone.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) usually stems from a genetic mutation that affects the development of bone and cartilage and undermines physical growth.

The parents may not have short stature, but they may pass on a condition that is linked to DSS, such as achondroplasia, mucopolysaccharide disease, and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED).

Types

There are different types and causes of short stature, or restricted growth, and they will present differently. Because the range of conditions is so broad, restricted growth can be classified in various ways.

One categorization is:

• Variant restricted growth

• Proportionate short stature (PSS)

• Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Each of these categories includes a number of types and causes of short stature.

Variant restricted growth

Sometimes a person is small but otherwise healthy. This can be referred to as variant restricted growth. It may happen for genetic or hormonal reasons.

If the parents are also small, this can be called familial short stature (FSS). If it stems from a hormonal issue, it is a constitutional delay in growth and adolescence (CDGA).

The limbs and the head develop in proportion with the spine, and the individual is otherwise healthy.

Growth happens throughout the body, so the legs, for example, are in proportion with the spine.

In most cases, the individual's parents are also small, but sometimes small stature happens because the body does not produce enough growth hormone (GH), or the body does not process growth hormone properly. This is known as GH insensitivity. Hypothyrodism can lead to low hormone production.

Growth hormone treatment during childhood may help.

Proportionate short stature (PSS)

Sometimes, overall growth is restricted, but the person's body is in proportion, and the individual has a related health problem. This is known as proportionate short stature (PSS).

If the individual is heavy for their height, this can suggest a hormone problem. The problem could be hypothyroidism, excess glucorticoid production, or too little GH.

A person who is small and their weight is low for their height may be experiencing malnutrition, or they may have a disorder that leads to malabsorption.

Whatever the underlying reason, if it affects overall growth, it may impact development in at least one body system, so treatment is needed.

During adulthood, a person with this type of restricted growth is more likely to experience:

• osteoporosis

• cardiovascular problems

• reduced muscle strength

Rarely, there may be cognitive problems, or problems with thinking. This depends on the cause of the short stature.

Disproportionate short stature (DSS)

Disproportionate short stature (DSS) is linked to a genetic mutation. The parents are usually of average height. As with other types of short stature, a range underlying causes is possible.

An individual with DSS will be small in height, and they will have other unusual physical features. These may be visible at birth, or they may develop in time as the infant develops.

Most individuals will have an average-sized trunk and short limbs, but some people may have a very short trunk and shortened, but disproportionately large limbs. Head size may be disproportionately large.

Intelligence or cognitive abilities are unlikely to be affected unless the person has hydrocephalus, or too much fluid around the brain.

Achondroplasia underlies around 70 percent of cases of DSS. It affects around 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 40,000 people.

Features include:

• an average-sized trunk

• short limbs, especially the upper arms and legs

• short fingers, possibly with a wide space between the middle and ring fingers

• limited mobility in the elbows

• a large head with a prominent forehead and flattened bridge of the nose

• bowed legs

• lordosis, a progressive development of a swayed lower back

• average adult height of 4 feet, or 122 cm

Hypochondroplasia is a mild form of achondroplasia. It may be difficult to differentiate between familial short stature and achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia result from a genetic mutation.

Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, or Prader Willi syndrome, are also linked to DSS.

Diagnosis

Some types of short stature can be diagnosed at birth. In other cases, routine visits to a pediatrician should reveal any abnormal growth pattern.

The doctor will record the child's head circumference, height, and weight.

If the doctor suspects restricted growth, they will carry out a physical examination, look at the child's medical and family history, and possibly carry out some tests.

These may include:

An x-ray, to assess for problems with bone development

An insulin tolerance test, to check for a deficiency in the growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).

In this test, insulin is injected into a vein, causing blood glucose levels to drop. Normally, this would trigger the pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH). If GH levels are lower than normal, there may be a GH deficiency.

Other tests include:

• a thyroid-stimulating hormone test, to check for hypothyroidism

• a complete blood count, to test for anemia

• metabolic tests, to assess liver and kidney function

• erythrocyte sedimentation and C-reactive protein tests, to assess for inflammatory bowel disease

• urine tests can check for enzyme deficiency disorders

• tissue transglutinase and immunoglobulin A tests, for celiac disease

• imaging scans, such as an x-ray of the skeleton and the skull or an MRI, can detect problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus

• bone marrow or skin biopsies may help confirm conditions associated with short stature

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the cause of the short stature.

If there are signs of malnutrition, the child may need nutritional supplements or treatment for a bowel disorder or other condition that is preventing them from absorbing nutrients.

If growth is restricted or delayed because of a hormonal problem, GH treatment may be necessary.

Pediatric hormone treatment: In children who produce too little GH, a daily injection of hormone treatment may stimulate physical growth later in life. Medications, such as somatropin, may eventually add 4 inches, or 10 centimeters, to adult height.

Adult hormone treatment

: Treatment for adults can help protect against complications, for example, cardiovascular disease and low bone mineral density.

Somatropin, also known as recombinant GH, might be recommended for people who:

• have a severe growth hormone deficiency

• experience impaired quality of life

• are already receiving treatment for another pituitary hormone deficiency

Adult patients generally self-administer daily with an injection.

Adverse effects of somatropin include headache, muscle pain, edema, or fluid retention, problems with eyesight, joint pain, vomiting, and nausea.

The patient may receive treatment to control chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, and arthritis.

Treatment for DSS

As DSS often stems from a genetic disorder, treatment focuses mainly on the complications.

Some patients with very short legs may undergo leg lengthening. The leg bone is broken and then fixed into a special frame. The frame is adjusted daily to lengthen the bone.

This does not always work, it takes a long time, and there is a risk of complications, including:

• pain

• the bone forming badly or at an inappropriate rate

• infection

• deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot in a vein

Other possible surgical treatments include:

• use of growth plates, where metal staples are inserted into the ends of long bones where growth takes place, to help bones grow in the right direction

• inserting staples or rods to help the spine form the right shape

• increasing the size of the opening in the bones of the spine to reduce pressure on the spinal cord

Regular monitoring can reduce the risk of complications.

Complications

A person with DSS may experience a number of complications.

These include:

• arthritis later in life

• delayed mobility development

• dental problems

• bowed legs

• hearing problems and otitis media

• hydrocephalus, or too much fluid in the brain cavities

• hunching of the back

• limb problems

• swaying of the back

• narrowing of the channel in the lower spine during adulthood and other spine problem

• sleep apnea

• weight gain

• speech and language problems

Individuals with proportionate short stature (PSS) may have poorly developed organs and pregnancy complications, such as respiratory problems. Delivery will normally be by cesarean section.

Outlook

Most people with short stature will have a normal life expectancy, and 90 percent of children who are small for their age at 2 years will "catch up" by adulthood.

The 10 percent who do not catch up are likely to have a condition such as fetal alcohol, Prader-Willi, or Down syndrome.

A person with achondroplasia can also expect a normal lifespan.

However, some serious conditions that are linked to some cases of short stature can be fatal.

[patel55]

Navigating Neurology: Finding the Best Neurologist in Jaipur for Your Needs

Brain health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being. Neurological disorders can significantly impact your daily life, from headaches and migraines to more severe conditions like epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and strokes. For those living in Jaipur or nearby areas, finding the right neurologist in Jaipur is essential for diagnosing and treating these conditions effectively.

In addition to neurological care, Jaipur also offers access to some of the finest healthcare services, including the best urology hospital in Jaipur, best cancer hospital in Jaipur, and experienced specialists like the gastroenterologist in Jaipur. This article will guide you through the top neurologists in Jaipur and provide insights into other specialised care available in the city.

Why Brain Health Matters

Your brain is the control center of your body, responsible for regulating all vital functions. When neurological disorders affect the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, they can cause debilitating symptoms such as memory loss, coordination issues, and chronic pain. This is where a neurologist in Jaipur comes in, helping diagnose and manage a wide range of neurological conditions.

Common Neurological Conditions

A neurologist in Jaipur treats various conditions, including:

Epilepsy: A disorder characterised by recurrent seizures. Neurologists work to manage seizures through medication and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

Parkinson’s Disease: A progressive neurological disorder affecting movement and coordination. Early diagnosis by a neurologist can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. Neurologists provide treatment to manage symptoms and improve quality of life for MS patients.

Migraines and Chronic Headaches: Frequent headaches can severely impact daily functioning. A neurologist can help identify triggers and recommend effective treatments.

If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a neurologist in Jaipur for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

How to Choose the Best Neurologist in Jaipur

When searching for the right neurologist in Jaipur, there are a few key factors to consider:

1. Experience and Specialisation

Not all neurologists specialise in the same conditions. Some may focus on movement disorders like Parkinson’s, while others may specialise in epilepsy or stroke rehabilitation. Look for a neurologist with experience in treating your specific condition.

2. Patient Reviews and Testimonials

Reading patient reviews and testimonials can provide insight into the neurologist’s expertise and bedside manner. Positive reviews can help you feel more confident in your choice.

3. Hospital Affiliation

Ensure that the neurologist you choose is affiliated with a reputable hospital that offers advanced diagnostic tools and treatment options. Jaipur is home to many top-tier medical institutions, including the best urology hospital in Jaipur and facilities that cater to various medical needs.

4. Accessibility

Choose a neurologist who is easily accessible in terms of location and appointment availability. Neurological conditions often require regular follow-ups, so convenience is essential.

Other Specialised Medical Services in Jaipur

In addition to neurological care, Jaipur is a hub for other specialised medical services. Patients can access world-class treatment in urology, cancer care, and gastroenterology. Let’s take a closer look at some of these services.

Best Urology Hospital in Jaipur

The best urology hospital in Jaipur provides top-notch care for urinary and reproductive health issues. Whether you're dealing with kidney stones, prostate problems, or bladder issues, urologists in Jaipur offer advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive surgical options to ensure optimal care.

Urological Conditions Treated:

Kidney Stones: Common but painful, kidney stones are managed through medication or surgery.

Prostate Enlargement: A prevalent issue among older men, prostate enlargement can be treated with medication or surgery.

Bladder Infections: Recurrent bladder infections are managed through specialised care, ensuring long-term relief.

Patients seeking treatment for these conditions can rely on the best urology hospital in Jaipur for comprehensive and personalised care.

Best Cancer Hospital in Jaipur

Cancer treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The best cancer hospital in Jaipur offers specialised care for all types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer.

Why Choose the Best Cancer Hospital in Jaipur?

Advanced Technology: The hospital offers cutting-edge treatments like robotic surgeries and targeted therapies that minimise side effects.

Expert Oncologists: Patients benefit from the expertise of oncologists who specialise in different types of cancer, ensuring tailored treatment plans.

Holistic Care: The hospital also focuses on palliative care, providing emotional and psychological support to patients and their families.

Whether it’s early detection or advanced cancer treatment, the best cancer hospital in Jaipur ensures that patients receive world-class care close to home.

Gastroenterologist in Jaipur

Digestive health is critical to overall well-being, and a gastroenterologist in Jaipur specialises in diagnosing and treating digestive disorders. From acid reflux to more severe conditions like Crohn’s disease and liver problems, gastroenterologists offer comprehensive care to ensure proper digestive health.

Common Conditions Treated:

Acid Reflux and GERD: Frequent heartburn can lead to more severe conditions like GERD. A gastroenterologist can provide treatment options, including medication and dietary changes.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A common but complex condition, IBS is managed through medication and lifestyle modifications.

Liver Disease: Liver problems, including hepatitis and cirrhosis, require specialised care and regular monitoring.

Consulting a gastroenterologist in Jaipur is essential if you are experiencing persistent digestive issues that interfere with your daily life.

When it comes to specialised healthcare, Jaipur offers a wide range of options to meet every medical need. Whether you're looking for a neurologist in Jaipur to address brain health concerns, seeking care at the best urology hospital in Jaipur, or exploring treatment options at the best cancer hospital in Jaipur, you can be confident that you will receive high-quality, patient-centric care.

Additionally, with access to skilled specialists like the gastroenterologist in Jaipur, Jaipur residents have comprehensive medical services at their fingertips. By choosing the right healthcare provider, you can ensure that you receive the best possible treatment and care for your health needs.

For neurological concerns, early diagnosis and treatment are key to maintaining your quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of a neurological disorder, don’t hesitate to consult a neurologist in Jaipur and take the first step toward better brain health.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive (Check out all of our long covid resources!)

BY Rhys Richmond

Research reports and detailed case studies from doctors and other providers can tell us a lot about Long COVID. But to understand the full scope of the disease and its impact, we must also listen to the experiences of patients who are suffering.

Today’s post features a contribution from one of our readers, who details his experience with Long COVID and a preexisting illness—in his case, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). As someone who suffers from both ME/CFS and Long COVID, Billy Hanlon—in his role as the director of advocacy and outreach at the Minnesota ME/CFS Alliance—also advocates for advancing research into these conditions.

While researchers and clinicians have noted parallels between ME/CFS and Long COVID, as well as among other post-acute infection syndromes, much more research is needed to fill the knowledge gaps. Some researchers hypothesize that multi-organ damage wreaked by COVID-19 might explain how people with preexisting disease in certain organs (such as the heart, lung, liver, and kidney) might be at higher risk of severe COVID-19 affecting those same organs. Furthermore, research has linked an increased risk of developing post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Long COVID) to having a preexisting medical condition prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection

In a sense, we’re beginning to see that COVID-19 infections might take advantage of less-than-perfect health to cause persistent symptoms. While other viruses have exhibited similar opportunistic patterns—for example, influenza has been shown to cause more severe illness and hospitalizations in patients with obesity and heart disease—the long-lasting and poorly understood manifestations of Long COVID merit particular attention. In Hanlon’s account below of his own struggles with ME/CFS and Long COVID, he also details how you may be able to help advocate for more research into both of these conditions.

A patient’s chronicle of life with ME/CFS and Long COVID I’m a resident of Minneapolis, living with ME/CFS and Long COVID.

In 2017, at age 28, I suffered from an acute viral-like illness. Before long, I began experiencing severe neurological complications, such as difficulty with concentration and comprehension, as well as heart palpitations. The newfound, crushing exhaustion was unlike anything I had ever experienced. Physical or mental exertion seemed to exacerbate these complications, a phenomenon called post-exertional malaise (PEM), the cardinal symptom of ME/CFS and now Long COVID. In 2022, following a second COVID-19 infection, my symptoms worsened, leading to a Long COVID diagnosis.

As my personal experience can attest, ME/CFS and Long COVID are multi-systemic diseases involving pathologies of the brain, immune system, autonomic nervous system, and energy metabolism system. Many patients report that the onset of the illness (ME/CFS) is preceded by a viral infection, such as Epstein-Barr virus, H1N1 flu, or SARS-CoV-2.

Despite my best efforts, I have never recovered from ME/CFS and Long COVID. There’s no cure or FDA-approved treatment for these conditions, which affect people of every age and background. Very few American medical schools include ME/CFS and Long COVID care in their curricula, so only a handful of specialists in the country are trained to treat these diseases. As a result, many patients are disbelieved or discredited in medical settings, leaving essentially no system of care to lean on. I learned firsthand about the barriers and inequities faced by patients with ME/CFS and infection-associated chronic illnesses. Care for these conditions is vastly under-resourced, under-funded, under-studied, largely overlooked, and highly marginalized.

I anticipated these formative years of my adulthood to be marked by time spent with friends and family (my wife and nephews), new homes, job promotions, and vacations, but instead I find myself in a twilight world of this medical enigma. My life trajectory was headed one way, then viral illness has completely redirected it. I now spend the majority of my time horizontal, forging ahead as best as my body will permit, advocating with the will that still endures. ME/CFS and Long COVID rob futures and confine lives. Coming to terms with losing my career, my independence, and so many hopes and dreams has been as difficult as the chronic illness.

A lot more could be said about the profound loss I’ve felt professionally, physically, personally, and socially, but I instead want to focus on actionable items that anyone reading this can do to help support future care for this rapidly growing group of people affected by these illnesses.

First, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) recently announced a legislative proposal for The Long COVID Moonshot Act. This proposal is aptly titled as the advancements needed surely warrant a moonshot—the term used when Congress marshals resources across the federal government to expedite progress. These infection-associated chronic illnesses have historically been left at the end of the queue for research funding.

You can reach out to your elected official and ask for their support on this proposal, which will help accelerate and prioritize research, diagnostics, and treatments. This proposal would provide $1 billion in mandatory funding per year for 10 years so that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can respond to this crisis with the sense of urgency that it demands. Recently, Reps. Ilhan Omar (MN-05) and Ayanna Pressley (MA-07) have also introduced a companion bill for the Long COVID Moonshot in the House of Representatives.

Second, an ME/CFS Research Roadmap Report was approved in May by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). This is a step in the right direction toward clinical trials, but now we need the NIH to robustly fund it. You can contact your elected officials and ask that the NIH help make this a reality. These are also efforts that could pay dividends toward an ME/CFS platform clinical trial. This was recently recommended by Senior Investigator and Clinical Director Dr. Avindra Nath following the completion of the NIH ME/CFS Intramural Study. A platform trial or advancements in the Research Roadmap Report could potentially yield a lot of intel for Long COVID treatments and help inform the RECOVER Initiative, a research program by the NIH that aims to understand, diagnose, prevent, and treat Long COVID..

Lastly, Long COVID and ME/CFS were highlighted in May at the Senate Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Related Agencies Subcommittee FY25 NIH Hearing. During the hearing, NIH Director Dr. Monica Bertagnolli stated, “… I want to say about Long COVID and ME/CFS—we are so grateful for our partnership with the people that are affected by this. They have taught us over the last two years what we needed to do. Now we just need to deliver for them.” Millions of people would agree. A crucial step would be to establish a dedicated Center at the NIH focused on Long COVID, ME/CFS, and infection-associated chronic conditions and illnesses.

Rhys Richmond is an MD candidate at Yale School of Medicine

[ioletia]

So. I'm super fucking rare, ya'll!

Above is a picture of the literal genetic mutation that I have. It's so rare that it's only been reported in ONE medical article as a bynote of a patient within a study- and a link to said study. It's so rare that genetic databases don't even have a frequency for it... Because it's so fucking rare (and genetic testing is still expensive and prohibitive to a lot of people).

Basically, it's a mutation that causes my kidney to not regulate my blood pressure correctly. Yeah, did you know that your kidneys regulate your blood pressure?! I mean, I did, but I'm wondering if you did.

This mutation causes Liddle's Syndrome, but my mutation is so rare that my symptoms don't entirely match up with the disease. Which is why it has taken doctor's 36 years to diagnose me- but, not really diagnose me, because I don't see my actual doctor until Friday... But, it's pretty clear that the mutation causes issues. So. Yeah.

It's incurable. There are only two drugs approved for its treatment- and they are rather cheap, so that's nice.

I feel like Dorthy Zbornak (Golden Girls) after she got her diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. I had been blown off by doctors for YEARS because I was young and, somewhat, average in weight. I had insane blood pressure and they just... Ignored it? When I pointed out to a doctor that I still had high blood pressure after they increased the dosage of meds (that didn't work), she literally told me in the most condescending voice- "What do you want, more pills?" She also told me that I couldn't be having migraines because they lasted more than four hours and- "Migraines don't last more than four hours, you have something else." A cardiologist told me over a ten minute zoom call that I was fat and stupid, and that was why I had high blood pressure before changing a med that I took for ANXIETY to a different drug that turns out has been upsetting my gastrointestinal track for the last year (and also didn't work). It was the first time I met her. And, she told me to follow up in a week, which I couldn't and never did because she literally never had an open appointment slot over the following YEAR!

And if it needs to be said, this was in America.

But, I probably have a diagnosis now.... So, I can be a case study? Fun.

[mcatmemoranda]

Doing review questions.

Hyperkalemia is a known side effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers such as olmesartan. The risk of hyperkalemia is increased with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, moderately severe to severe heart failure, NSAID use, and older adults. Chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypokalemia.

In men who are diagnosed with hypogonadism with symptoms of testosterone deficiency and unequivocally and consistently low serum testosterone concentrations, further evaluation with FSH and LH levels is advised as the initial workup to distinguish between primary and secondary hypogonadism. If secondary hypogonadism is indicated by low or inappropriately normal FSH and LH levels, prolactin and serum iron levels and measurement of total iron binding capacity are recommended to determine secondary causes of hypogonadism, with possible further evaluation to include other pituitary hormone levels and MRI of the pituitary. If primary hypogonadism is found, karyotyping may be indicated for Klinefelter’s syndrome.

Daily use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution has been found to be more effective than lactulose, senna, or magnesium hydroxide in head-to-head studies. Evidence does not support the use of fiber supplements in the treatment of functional constipation. No adverse effects were reported with PEG therapy at any dosing regimen. Low-dose regimens of PEG are 0.3 g/kg/day and high-dose regimens are up to 1.0–1.5 g/kg/day. Ref: Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al: Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58(2):258-274. 2) Gordon M, MacDonald JK, Parker CE, et al: Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;(8):CD009118. 3) Lauters R, Saguil A: Laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Am Fam Physician 2017;96(7):433-434

Primary hyperaldosteronism should be suspected as a cause for hypertension if a patient has a spontaneously low potassium level or persistent hypertension despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. This can be evaluated by checking a serum renin activity level and a serum aldosterone concentration and determining the aldosterone/renin ratio. Primary hyperaldosteronism typically presents with a very low serum renin activity level and an elevated serum aldosterone concentration. A 24-hour urine collection for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) would be used to evaluate for a neuroendocrine tumor, which can present as chronic flushing and diarrhea. Cortisol levels can be checked if Cushing syndrome is suspected. Hypertension can be present in Cushing syndrome, but it is typically associated with other signs such as obesity and an elevated blood glucose level due to insulin resistance.

Psychogenic tremor is characterized by an abrupt onset, spontaneous remission, changing characteristics, and extinction with distraction. Cerebellar tremor is an intention tremor with ipsilateral involvement on the side of the lesion. Neurologic testing will reveal past-pointing on finger-to-nose testing. CT or MRI of the head is the diagnostic test of choice. Parkinsonian tremor is noted at rest, is asymmetric, and decreases with voluntary movement. Bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability are generally noted. For atypical presentations a single-photon emission CT or positron emission tomography may help with the diagnosis. One of the treatment options is carbidopa/levodopa. Patients who have essential tremor have symmetric, fine tremors that may involve the hands, wrists, head, voice, or lower extremities. This may improve with ingestion of small amounts of alcohol. There is no specific diagnostic test but the tremor is treated with propranolol or primidone. Enhanced physiologic tremor is a postural tremor of low amplitude exacerbated by medication. There is usually a history of caffeine use or anxiety.

Ref: Crawford P, Zimmerman EE: Tremor: Sorting through the differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2018;97(3):180-186.

I got 100% on the first quiz! :)

[wanderlustt-101tn]

Dysautonomia;

Dysautonomia is a medical condition that affects the Autonomic Nervous System, which is responsible for regulating the automatic functions of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, kidney function, and more. People with dysautonomia may experience difficulty in controlling these systems, leading to symptoms like lightheadedness, fainting, abnormal heart rates, and unstable blood pressure. Dysautonomia can manifest in different forms.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a condition that affects an estimated 1 out of 100 teenagers, and including adult patients, it impacts a total of 1,00,000 to 3,000,000 Americans. POTS can cause various symptoms such as lightheadedness, fainting, rapid heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, upset stomach, shaking, exercise intolerance, heat intolerance, temperature sensitivity, and more. Although POTS affects women more commonly, men can also get it. Despite appearing healthy on the outside, researchers compare the disability seen in POTS to the disability seen in conditions such as COPD, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease.

Dysautonomia and POTS can be challenging to treat, and the effectiveness of treatment may vary depending on the expertise of your local medical staff. There are some home remedies that may help alleviate some of the symptoms and triggers associated with these conditions. However, it is important to understand that these remedies may not completely cure Dysautonomia or POTS, and their effectiveness may vary from person to person.

Pots is supposed to be more common than MS or Parkinson’s so why is that some have never heard of it ?

It can take an average of 4-7 years to get proper diagnosis. Because of being misdiagnosed or how most symptoms can be linked to other illnesses. Lots of tests is involved and it just becomes and exhausting time period of wanting answers and fighting to be seen or heard by others.

Pots affects everyone differently so not all pots patients will faint and just because pots is postural doesn’t mean lying down will make symptoms better.

Did you know there are 15 different types of Dysautonomia and all should be taken seriously! No matter how it affects the person it’s a serious illness and it should never be brushed off!! Not only does the illness bring a variety of symptoms but also impacts your life in ways you’d never imagined.

* some of the different types of Dysautonomia 🩵🩵

We shouldn’t have to look sick to get the proper care, treatment and support!

I’m finally comfortable sharing my pots journey and even though I’m nervous and scared about it I can’t wait because while I’m sharing my story I plan to raise awareness on not only pots but als as well. Another illness/disease that impacted my life. I plan to share how much my life has changed since I was diagnosed with pots. I also hope this reaches other chronic illnesses warriors and can show that you can still have a beautiful life even though we have a certain illness.

If you want to know more

intsagram: rebeljennigaines_

TikTok: jennigaines101

February 24th I’ll be participating in my first ever polar plunge and leading up to the big day I plan on sharing my pots journey and how this illness has affected my life! If you have any questions feel free to ask.

🩵🩵🫶🏻💪🏻 no one fights alone!