#ask me about linguistics

[lingthusiasm]

New Lingthusiasm merch! Gavagai, Ask Me About Linguistics, and More people have read the text on this item than I have!

A new round of Lingthusiasm merch is here! We have three new designs available across a range of items.

Gavagai: lo, un-detatched rabbit parts!

Imagine you're in a field with someone whose language you don't speak. A rabbit scurries by. The other person says "Gavagai!" You probably assumed they meant "rabbit" but they could have meant something else, like "scurrying" or even "lo! an undetached rabbit-part!" We undergo this experience practically every time we learn a word, and yet we still manage to do it.

Inspired by the famous Gavagai thought experiment, these items feature a running rabbit and the caption "lo, an undetached rabbit-part!" in a woodblock-engraving-crossed-with-vaporwave style in magenta, indigo, teal, cream, and black/white on shirts, scarves, and more!

More people have read the text on this item than I have

"More people have been to Russia than I have" is a sentence that at first seems fine, but then gets weirder and weirder the more you read it. Inspired by these Escher sentences, we've made self-referential shirts saying "More people have read the text on this shirt than I have" (also available on tote bags, mugs, and hats, with the appropriate tweaks in wording), so you can wear them in old-time typewriter font and see who does a double take.

See our bonus episode Linguistic 〰️✨ i l l u s i o n s ✨〰️ (#57) for more about this classic sentence.

Ask Me About Linguistics

We've made a design that simply says "Ask me about linguistics" in a style that looks like a classic "Hello, my name is..." sticker, and you can put it on stickers and buttons and shirts and assorted other portable items for when you want to skip the small talk and go right to a topic you're excited about.

Lingthusiasm merch generally

If you’re looking for subtle-to-obvious ways to signal that you’re a linguist or linguistics fan in public, gift ideas for the linguistics enthusiast in your life (or handy links to forward to people who might be interested in getting you a gift sometime), we also have many previous items of Lingthusiasm merch!

There are subtly linguistics-patterened scarves, mugs and water bottles with linguistics-related jokes on them, NOT JUDGING YOUR GRAMMAR, JUST ANALYSING IT shirts, nerdy linguistics baby clothes, and more items to browse.

We love to see your photos of Lingthusiasm merch or any diy linguistics crafts projects you might make! Feel free to tag us @lingthusiasm on social media or share in the #merch-crafts-objects channel in the Lingthusiasm Discord.

Stay lingthusiastic!

[coveredinsun]

i love fanon calling gimli the “lord of aglarond” because aglarond is the name for the glittering caves in SINDARIN!!!!!!!! gimli brought legolas there and legolas said “HOLY FUCK” and called it beautiful in his own language and gimli just adopted that!!!!!!!!! so now the love between them will carry on forever in name long after they’ve sailed away together!!!!!!!!! CAN ANYBODY HEAR ME

[poorly-drawn-mdzs]

hope you feel better soon!

I am riddled with ailments, but I stay silly!

[reasonsforhope]

Interior Department Announces New Guidance to Honor and Elevate Hawaiian Language

"In commemoration of Mahina ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, or Hawaiian Language Month, and in recognition of its unique relationship with the Native Hawaiian Community, the Department of the Interior today announced new guidance on the use of the Hawaiian language.  

A comprehensive new Departmental Manual chapter underscores the Department’s commitment to further integrating Indigenous Knowledge and cultural practices into conservation stewardship.  

“Prioritizing the preservation of the Hawaiian language and culture and elevating Indigenous Knowledge is central to the Biden-Harris administration's work to meet the unique needs of the Native Hawaiian Community,” said Secretary Deb Haaland. “As we deploy historic resources to Hawaiʻi from President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, the Interior Department is committed to ensuring our internal policies and communications use accurate language and data."  

Department bureaus and offices that engage in communication with the Native Hawaiian Community or produce documentation addressing places, resources, actions or interests in Hawaiʻi will use the new guidance on ‘ōlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian language) for various identifications and references, including flora and fauna, cultural sites, geographic place names, and government units within the state.  The guidance recognizes the evolving nature of ‘ōlelo Hawaiʻi and acknowledges the absence of a single authoritative source. While the Hawaiian Dictionary (Pukui & Elbert 2003) is designated as the baseline standard for non-geographic words and place names, Department bureaus and offices are encouraged to consult other standard works, as well as the Board on Geographic Names database.  

Developed collaboratively and informed by ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi practitioners, instructors and advocates, the new guidance emerged from virtual consultation sessions and public comment in 2023 with the Native Hawaiian Community. 

The new guidance aligns with the Biden-Harris administration’s commitment to strengthening relationships with the Native Hawaiian Community through efforts such as the Kapapahuliau Climate Resilience Program and Hawaiian Forest Bird Keystone Initiative. During her trip to Hawaiʻi in June, Secretary Haaland emphasized recognizing and including Indigenous Knowledge, promoting co-stewardship, protecting sacred sites, and recommitting to meaningful and robust consultation with the Native Hawaiian Community."

-via US Department of the Interior press release, February 1, 2024

--

Note: I'm an editor so I have no idea whether this comes off like as big a deal as it potentially is. But it is potentially going to establish and massively accelerate the adoption of correctly written Native Hawaiian language, as determined by Native Hawaiians.

Basically US government communications, documentations, and "style guides" (sets of rules to follow about how to write/format/publish something, etc.) can be incredibly influential, especially for topics where there isn't much other official guidance. This rule means that all government documents that mention Hawai'i, places in Hawai'i, Hawaiian plants and animals, etc. will have to be written the way Native Hawaiians say it should be written, and the correct way of writing Hawaiian conveys a lot more information about how the words are pronounced, too, which could spread correct pronunciations more widely.

It also means that, as far as the US government is concerned, this is The Correct Way to Write the Hawaiian Language. Which, as an editor who just read the guidance document, is super important. That's because you need the 'okina (' in words) and kahakō in order to tell apart sizeable sets of different words, because Hawaiian uses so many fewer consonants, they need more of other types of different sounds.

And the US government official policy on how to write Hawaiian is exactly what editors, publishers, newspapers, and magazines are going to look at, sooner or later, because it's what style guides are looking at. Style guides are the official various sets of rules that books/publications follow; they're also incredibly detailed - the one used for almost all book publishing, for example, the Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS), is over a thousand pages long.

One of the things that CMoS does is tell you the basic rules of and what specialist further sources they think you should use for writing different languages. They have a whole chapter dedicated to this. It's not that impressive on non-European languages yet, but we're due for a new edition (the 18th) of CMoS in the next oh two to four years, probably? Actually numbering wise they'd be due for one this year, except presumably they would've announced it by now if that was the case.

I'm expecting one of the biggest revisions to the 18th edition to add much more comprehensive guidance on non-Western languages. Considering how far we've come since 2017, when the last one was released, I'll be judging the shit out of them if they do otherwise. (And CMoS actually keep with the times decently enough.)

Which means, as long as there's at least a year or two for these new rules/spellings/orthographies to establish themselves before the next edition comes out, it's likely that just about every (legit) publisher will start using the new rules/spellings/orthographies.

And of course, it would expand much further from there.

[visualtaehyun]

Thai QL fandom 101

Disclaimer: not a native Thai speaker, still learning 🙏

ซีรีส์วาย /see ree waai/ = "Y series", Y standing for Yaoi -> BL shows

ซีรีส์ยูริ /see ree yuu ri/ = "Yuri series" -> GL shows

คู่จิ้น /khuu jin/ = shipped couple; the word จิ้น in there comes from the English imagine -> a working partnership between two artists, you might see it romanized as koojin on twt and co.

คู่จริง /khuu jing/ = real couple -> it's a pun on koojin and often used to ask if they're a ship or real

แฟน ๆ /faaen faaen/ or แฟนคลับ /faaen club/ = fans -> since the word for 'partner/bf/gf' is also แฟน /faaen/, artists usually make sure to call fans either of these two, or:

มัมหมี /mam mee/ = mommy; the word หมี in there means bear -> fans are called mommy both by their artists and calling themselves like this, it encompasses all fans, they often call their chosen artists their baby

มัมหมา /mam maa/ = mama; the word หมา in there means dog -> this is also a word to call fans but these fans are actually attracted to their chosen artist or, even funnier, attracted to the other half of that artist's koojin 😂 so you could be a mommy of NetJames and dote on James like your son but thirst after Net lmao

ชื่อด้อม /cheuu dawm/ = "name [of] dom", fandom name -> Thai artists usually have a name for their fandom, e.g. Becky Armstrong > BeckysAngels, GeminiFourth > KhunNoo, so there's even more ways to address fans

กัปตันเรือ /gap dtan reuua/ = captain of the ship -> another person or artist who's close to a koojin who posts content of them, is seemingly always present during their moments, or actively ships them themself, e.g. Kong is the self-proclaimed captain of the KengNamping ship

(from DMD Friendship The Reality EP.3)

ในฐานะที่ผมเป็นกัปตันเรือ [...] /nai thaa na thee pom bpen gap dtan reuua/ = As captain of their ship, [...]

ขายจิ้น /khaai jin/ = "sell a fantasy"; contains the same จิ้น as in koojin -> doing fanservice

(from รถทาเลนท์ EP.21)

ขายจิ้นแน่ ๆ !!! /khaai jin naae naae/ = Fanservice for sure!!!

งอน /ngawn/ vs. ง้อ /ngaaw/ = sulk vs. try to make up with (previously explained here)

อ้อน /aawn/ = act cute, plead, this emoji 🥺 lol -> comparable to Korean aegyo (애교) but is more used to describe being cute and clingy or acting like a kid with relatives or elders, someone who is/behaves like that can be described as ขี้อ้อน /khee aawn/, e.g. Sea Tawinan gets described like that all the time in bts content of Last Twilight

(from Before Last Twilight)

ซีในกล้องเนี่ยะ เขาจะเป็นคนที่ขี้อ้อน /Sea nai glaawng niia khao ja bpen khohn thee khee aawn/ = Sea on set- he's a clingy/affectionate person.

[annabelle--cane]

anyway sorry, I see solid definitions for artistic categories and immediately become the most annoying person in the world

[chocodile]

Would it be safe to assume hyden doesn't enjoy being called a "bunny" then?

He might not mind it as much as one might assume. Like, he knows he's a Rabbit, he just figures he's a different kind of Rabbit. You know, the kind that, in a just world, would possess razor sharp teeth and claws. A superior kind of Rabbit.

So "Rabbit" is fine… "Bunny", on the other hand, reads as sort of twee and infantalizing, culturally. It would be a bit like being called a "boy" or "girl" as an adult… situationally okay from family/close friends or in playful contexts, but something that would usually imply condescension coming from a stranger.

Of course, he's far too much of a sigma male to be fazed by mere mouth sounds made by lesser minds. No, the worst thing about it is that "Bunny" was Milana's pet name for him. Hearing it brings up some bad memories about their break up.

[the---hermit]

Not me adding annotations to a book to make it more accessible for my mom when she will read it

[firstroseofspring]

b’elanna vs her mother at similar ages, plus some sketches!

[ribbittrobbit]

Hiyaw and Himik, the twin deities of noise and silence, of movement and stillness, of action and contemplation.

The church of Taw (from the root word for volumen/ strength of voice), has a dual structure to mirror its deities. Clerics choose to walk either the path of silence - the most radical followers dedicate themselves to a vow of complete silence and contemplation, retreating to monasteries in the most remote regions- or the path of noise - the order dedicated to the service of the church and its followers outside of the monasteries. The central principle of the religion is the duality and balance between the two deities' domains. The silent order serves to balance out the order of noise, to be the stillness to their movement, the deliberation to their action and vice versa. The religion is a relatively small but ancient one, with many devotees among musicians, poets and performers and a great emphasis on ceremony and the performance of rituals that combine the texts of Hiyaw and Himik.

(did i just spend the last two days thinking about making an entire fake religion complete with a clerical structure for my fh sona? yes. did i bastardise the filipino words like "scream" and "quiet" to find matching names for them? also yes.)

[linguisticillustrations]

Optimality Theory diagram (tableau) for foot/syllable metathesis in Naijá (also known as Nigerian Pidgin) used for the "unconventional negative" (UNC.NEG) form of nouns.

Examples of this and related processes (taken from an author's post on Mastodon):

Tone metathesis in documented varieties of Naijá [fádà] “father” [fàdá] “rev. father” [màmá] “mother” [mámà] “trendy old lady” (other meanings are possible)

Truncation in the Wafi variety [bâ:g] “bag” [â:g] “inferior bag” [stô:v] “stove” [tô:v] “cheap stove”

Syllable metathesis in the Wafi variety [pòló] “polo shirt” [lòpó] “inferior polo shirt” [àʃáwó] “sex worker” [àwóʃá] “cheap sex worker” [láptɔ̂:p] “laptop” [tóplâ:p] “cheap laptop”

From the article:

Akinbo, Samuel Kayode and Ekiugbo, Philip Oghenesuowho. 2024. "Iconicity as the motivation for morphophonological metathesis and truncation in Nigerian Pidgin" Open Linguistics 10(1): https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2024-0013

[dontthinkwedontnoticeyou]

I have 0 writing skills, but my brain keeps tossing concepts at me. Sometimes these ideas get pretty complex, but they’re never quite complete. So, I guess I’ll just throw this out there as the lamest form of fanfiction ever created? (If anyone wants to adopt this concept—go for it, you have my blessing, for I will never expand it further!)

~*~

Concept:

This is a The Raven Cycle/Dreamer Trilogy Alternate Universe (AU) with no magic. The characters are aged up, and while they all knew each other in school and were once close (in many different ways), life has drifted them apart. The story takes place mostly in Washington, D.C.

Characters & Plot(holes):

Adam Parrish works in the District Attorney's office, involved in a high-profile case against Colin Greenmantle, a notorious criminal mastermind. Greenmantle’s been involved in drug trafficking, forgery, blackmail, and more, but Adam can’t nail him—there’s no solid proof. It’s driving him mad until he begins receiving anonymous tips. Skeptical at first, Adam soon realizes they’re legit, and with this help, he’s able to land the first serious blow against Greenmantle.

Richard Gansey III is now a young, popular senator, considered a political prodigy. While admired by many, he’s also made powerful enemies in the political arena. Over the years, he’s distanced himself from his old friends, although he crosses paths with Adam occasionally, usually at official events. He also runs into Declan Lynch, the personal assistant to Senator Seondeok Cheng, though their interactions remain distant and formal—there’s an unspoken tension between them, and, additionally, Gansey and Senator Cheng often clash.

Joseph Kavinsky works for Greenmantle, managing drug operations. Because of reasons [Plot Hole #1], he decides that if he wants to survive, he needs to escape Greenmantle’s grasp. But no one leaves Greenmantle’s web in one piece. To get out, Kavinsky starts feeding information to Adam—yes, he’s the anonymous tipster! Once Adam discovers Kavinsky’s identity, they have a heated confrontation, and Adam nearly shuts him down. But Kavinsky drops a bombshell: he has proof that Greenmantle orchestrated the murders of Niall and Aurora Lynch, Ronan’s parents, all those years ago. This tips the scales, and Adam decides to continue working with him. First, however, he needs to check with Ronan.

Ronan Lynch has made some bad decisions in life and is estranged from everyone—Adam, Gansey, even Declan. When Adam visits him at his home, back in Virginia, he’s slightly surprised to find Ronan under house arrest, an ankle monitor keeping him confined to the Barns. There’s tension between them from the start, a mix of unresolved feelings, hurt, and something more difficult to name. Ronan, being direct as ever, quickly gets Adam to admit why he’s really there. When Adam reveals that Kavinsky claims to have proof about his parents’ murder, Ronan snarls, "You want my blessing or what, Parrish?" and takes a swig from his beer.

When Adam returns to Washington, he finds Kavinsky waiting for him in his apartment with Hennessy, who works for Greenmantle in the art forgery department. Hennessy has somehow discovered that Kavinsky plans to betray Greenmantle [Plot Hole #2] and decides to join him in taking Greenmantle down. Her motivation? She’s tired of Greenmantle threatening her sister Jordan, who’s trying to live a normal, legal life—Jordan has recently started seeing a guy she met at a fundraiser at the art gallery where she works, a fundraiser organized by Senator Cheng (or rather, her assistant, Declan—yes, that guy Jordan's seeing).

Senator Cheng, although powerful, finds herself caught in Greenmantle’s web. He’s blackmailing her, forcing her to vote his way in the Senate, something that frustrates her deeply. Declan notices her odd behavior, which threatens her political career. When he confronts her, she makes a vague comment about someone pulling the strings behind the scenes, leaving Declan to piece it together. Declan eventually reaches out to Gansey, who reveals that Adam might be on the verge of exposing something big.

Kavinsky tells Adam about a major upcoming drug deal that could be Greenmantle’s undoing. The two of them, occassionally joined by Hennessy, work late into the night at Adam’s penthouse, preparing their plan. And sure, Kavinsky is a pain in the ass in many ways, but he’s also pretty smart and cunning, and quite good looking, Adam reckons. He can be quite funny, too.

Things escalate when Greenmantle discovers Kavinsky’s betrayal [Plot Hole #3]. There’s a dramatic car chase through the streets of Washington, with Kavinsky on the phone with Adam, telling him to get Hennessy to safety. Prokopenko, one of Greenmantle’s thugs, shoots out the tires of Kavinsky’s white Mitsubishi, leading to a spectacular crash. The Mitsu is totalled. By some miracle, Kavinsky survives, but he’s injured and unconscious. With a crowd gathering, Prokopenko can’t finish the job, and Kavinsky is taken to the hospital. Adam and Hennessy quickly sneak him out through the back door once he’s stable enough and drive him out of town. ("Make sure he’s asleep. Or better, tie him up." "Why?" "Because if he knows where we’re heading, he might try to jump ouf of the car.")

They’re going to the Barns.

Adam stashes Kavinsky at Ronan’s house, despite Ronan’s fury at the idea. ("I know what happened between you two back then, but I don’t have a choice, Ronan. All the information about your parents... it’s from him.") Ronan’s pissed but restrained by his ankle monitor, so he’s stuck with them. Hennessy calls her sister Jordan, warning her to lay low, and Ronan overhears their strained conversation. He notices how similar Hennessy and Jordan’s relationship is to his with Declan—complicated and distant.

Adam stays at the Barns until Kavinsky is better. They’re forced to wait and adjust their original plan. Adam is on the phone with Gansey constantly, and Gansey’s political connections become crucial to the new strategy [Plot Hole #4].

As Adam, Ronan, and Kavinsky are forced into close proximity, their complicated pasts and unresolved feelings rise to the surface. What starts as antagonism and old attraction gradually turns into an exploration of a polyamorous relationship, surprising all three. The emotional depth, tension, and vulnerability between them add complexity to their interactions.

Meanwhile, Greenmantle, desperate to find Hennessy, manipulates Jordan into luring her sister out. However, this backfires—Declan storms into the art auction John Wick-style to rescue Jordan. During the escape, Declan is shot, but he still manages to get her to safety. His bravery and injury end up deepening his relationship with Jordan (also, he’s undeniably sexy while bleeding, so I can't leave it out).

[Something something something, action, drama, romance, gay porn, etc]

Greenmantle’s empire begins to collapse. Senator Cheng uses her political maneuvering, Gansey applies his influence, and Adam, with Kavinsky’s help, provides the legal expertise to tighten the net around Greenmantle. In the end, Greenmantle is brought down, but the characters are left to deal with the aftermath.

Declan and Jordan’s relationship becomes serious, while Ronan and Declan begin to rebuild their brotherly bond, slowly healing old wounds. Adam, Ronan, and Kavinsky navigate their new, unconventional relationship as they embrace the possibility of polyamory.

Happily ever after.

Curtain.

[pinkinsect]

can you elaborate on what you mean when you mention the "blue lock sociolect." because the linguistic/social situation that must be developing in this stanford prison ass training center fascinates me endlessly

hello this is going to be a lot. tldr at the end.

for anyone unaware, i use blue lock "sociolect" in this case specifically meaning the dialect that develops in the blue lock facility. i'd classify it more as a sociolect than a dialect, because while they now have a geographic location in common, i would say the speech features show up more in certain characters who've leaned into the blue lock egoist mentality more. the way hiori speaks changes as his view of himself and soccer change. (i also think that bltv enjoyers start talking like this. horrifically)

the blue lock sociolect is a phenomenon i invented in my mind palace to cope with the way i feel when i read blue lock and see phrases like "you're an eyesore, you pink-haired philistine" and "rotten orange." i brought it up in this post on my other blog some time ago, but in short, i've decided that the rather. unique way the blue lockers speak to one another is a result of putting 300 [and lowering] boys age 15-18 from all over japan in a hypercompetitive environment with very little adult supervision.

it's all about the individual, hence many of the insults taking the target's most striking physical trait and combining it with something the speaker decides is negative about the target. with japanese being a language with pretty structured assignments of appropriate politeness based on age, experience, and status, i could see it eroding given the general lack of older adult presence (ego appearing on a screen for like 15 minutes doesn't count, especially since he's rude as hell), and the mentality the players are encouraged to accept. rin isn't the best example given his dedication to hating across languages, cultures, and age ranges, but isagi pretty much comments on how he's rude as hell by social norms once, then clearly gets used to it.

i think the blue lock sociolect starts to diversify a bit once we enter the nel. the blue lock boys are shown studying english, but the nel introduces an environment where a lot of their teammates will most likely be speaking a language other than english or japanese within their teams (except for manshine but that's british english which isn't usually what's taught in japan so even then their contributions to the sociolect will be a bit different).

we don't know exactly how accurate the translation software is, or how it handles the cultural differences in honorific language, but based on some of the things we've seen (ness calling kunigami "kunigami-san" that one time, also ness being shown saying "ja" through the translation, "beinschuss" from kaiser, whatever's going on with charles, etc.) they're not always consistent.

(i haven't checked out the raws for these yet though, so im actually not entirely sure what's coming through in japanese.these could just be translation choices.)

this multi-language environment and the non-translation of certain speech could also have an impact on our blue lock players' vocabulary and introduce other languages' terms and speech patterns. japanese already has a pretty huge collection of loan words that eventually create "foreign" phrases that don't exist outside of japanese, so this facility could make this phenomenon occur more rapidly.

we see otoya say "golazo" during the fc barcha match, and while darai says the same thing during their bowling match, it wouldn't be too far off to assume that otoya picked it up from his spanish speaking teammates.

i could add more but this is getting too long so tl;dr: putting 300 15-18 year old boys in a prison with barely any adult supervision would make neat language shifts.

some features of the blue lock sociolect i think exist:

the particular type of insult we see so much of in blue lock

general lack of/comparatively less importance given to honorific language and polite conjugations of words

shounen protag accent (you'd know it when you hear it.)

increased usage of german, english, spanish, italian, and/or french terms

FAR less subject omission than average japanese, especially when the subject is "i" [thanks aryu.]

[crossbackpoke-check]

yOu'Re gOiNg fOr a LiTeR? | "Habs react to Quebec Maple facts", 10.22.24

[possamble]

if you're ever wondering why some japanese fantasy media with meticulous worldbuilding randomly has like normal-ass months and dates. it's bc calendar months being named after specific myths or historical figures is not a thing in east asian languages, all months are just called month 1, month 2, month 3, etc. so setting a normal date based on a 12-month calendar doesn't actually seem incongruous with fantasy

[faunina]

The super rolled R's in the wresting video is just how Asuka speaks. She's kind of infamous for having a super heavy Kansai accent, which in other parts of Japan and in Japanese media can also be used as a shorthand for 'speaking like a thug'. By contrast, Iyo Sky speaks with a very politely-accented Kanto accent.

Basically imagine a rough and tumble Bostonian or Austinite talking shit to a New Yorker, who then gives them a crisp private school "BITCH" in response.

ooohhh, that is so interesting!!!! and also hilarious, thank you for telling me!