#OldEnglish

[gamecockyy]

Old English stag is growing into a beautiful picturesque rooster. He's a scary cat but he's still young.

[daimonclub]

Latin influence in the English Language

Latin influence on English Latin influence in the English Language and vocabulary through the centuries. A computerised study and statistical analysis. English belongs to the Anglo-Frisian group within the western branch of the Germanic languages, a subfamily of the Indo-European languages. It is related most closely to the Frisian language, to a lesser extent to Netherlandic (Dutch-Flemish) and the Low German (Plattdeutsch) dialects, and more distantly to Modern High German.  Therefore English is a Germanic language, having a grammar and core vocabulary inherited from Proto-Germanic. However, a significant portion of the English word hoard comes from Romance and Latinate sources. Estimates of native words (derived from Old English) range from 20%–33%, with the rest made up of foreign borrowings. (These estimates, however, are based on the total raw counts of dictionary entries, where the frequency of use for most non-native words is low to nil. The English vocabulary has increased greatly in more than 1500 years of development. The most nearly complete dictionary of the language, the Oxford English Dictionary (13 vol., 1933), a revised edition of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (10 vol., 1884-1933; supplements), contains 500,000 words. It has been estimated, however, that the present English vocabulary consists of more than 1 million words, including slang and dialect expressions and scientific and technical terms, many of which only came into use after the middle of the 20th century. The English vocabulary is more extensive than that of any other language in the world, although some other languages - Chinese, for example - have a word-building capacity equal to that of English.

English and Latin Extensive, constant borrowing from every major language, especially from Latin, Greek, French, and the Scandinavian languages, and from numerous minor languages, accounts for the great number of words in the English vocabulary. In addition, certain processes have led to the creation of many new words as well as to the establishment of patterns for further expansion. The true percent of native words used in everyday spoken and written English actually ranges from 75%–90%. A large number of these borrowings come directly from Latin, or through one of the Romance languages, particularly Anglo-Norman and French, but some also from Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish; or from other languages (such as Gothic, Frankish or Greek) into Latin and then into English. The influence of Latin in English, therefore, is primarily lexical in nature, being confined mainly to words derived from Latin roots. The number of Latin words, many of them derived from the Greek, that were introduced during the Old English period has been estimated at 140. Typical of these words are altar, mass, priest, psalm, temple, kitchen, palm, and pear. A few were probably introduced through the Celtic; others were brought to Britain by the Germanic invaders, who previously had come into contact with Roman culture. By far the largest number of Latin words was introduced as a result of the spread of Christianity. Such words included not only ecclesiastical terms but many others of less specialized significance.

Latin and English In the early part of the Modern English period the vocabulary was enlarged by the widespread use of one part of speech for another and by increased borrowings from other languages. The revival of interest in Latin and Greek during the Renaissance brought new words into English from those languages. Other words were introduced by English travelers and merchants after their return from journeys on the Continent. From Italian came cameo, stanza, and violin; from Spanish and Portuguese, alligator, peccadillo, and sombrero. During its development, Modern English borrowed words from more than 50 different languages. For instance, the great poet John Milton, as a Renaissance man, was profoundly familiar with classical learning and his works abounds with classical references, which are often used to describe aspects of Christian belief. The wide use of classical and biblical sources is an important element of what is known as Milton's "Grand style". Other stylistic features contribute to the grandeur of Milton's epic poetry, epic simile for example is a technique he often employs following the Homeric and Virginian style. Another important element is the language he used. In keeping the high seriousness of his subject, he tended to use solemn and rather grandiose language, instead of plain simple English, so he often used words that derived from Latin or Italian, and also his syntax was heavily influenced by these two languages. Word origins. A computerised survey of about 80,000 words in the old Shorter Oxford Dictionary (3rd ed.) was published in Ordered Profusion by Thomas Finkenstaedt and Dieter Wolff (1973) that estimated the origin of English words as follows: Influences in English vocabulary Langue d'oïl, including French and Old Norman: 28.3% Latin, including modern scientific and technical Latin: 28.24% Germanic languages – inherited from Old English, from Proto-Germanic, or a more recent borrowing from a Germanic language such as Old Norse; does not include Germanic words borrowed from a Romance language, i.e., coming from the Germanic element in French, Latin or other Romance languages: 25% Greek: 5.32% No etymology given: 4.03% Derived from proper names: 3.28% All other languages: less than 1%

Latin influence on English A survey by Joseph M. Williams in Origins of the English Language of 10,000 words taken from several thousand business letters gave this set of statistics: French (langue d'oïl): 41% "Native" English: 33% Latin: 15% Old Norse: 5% Dutch: 1% Other: 5% Based on the above, the percentage of Latin words used in formal business context (15%) is substantially lower than that of the dictionary survey (28.24%) due primarily to the effects of linguistic register, where the vast majority of Latin words in English tend to be of a scientific or technical nature, or consist of words which are rarely to never used (i.e. are functionally obsolete). Loanwords from Latin The English language has borrowed extensively from the Latin language beginning during the Germanic period before English was English through the Old English period and up to the early Modern English period. The earliest Latin loanwords date from the period before the Germanic tribes invaded England under invite from the Britons. Latin borrowings continued throughout the Old and the Middle English period, above all Latin influenced the new English language thanks to the literary works of Geoffrey Chaucer, because he knew Latin, French and Italian and admired the main authors who wrote in these languages. English again borrowed heavily from Latin during the Early Modern period that coincides closely with the revival of learning of the Renaissance and with the great dynasties of Tudor (1485–1603) and Stuart (1603-1714) during which many scholars imported many Latin loanwords. Although English is a Germanic language, many common and everyday words are of Latin origin.

Latin influence on English List of Latin Loanwords With all the loanwords borrowed from Latin into English, an exhaustive list would be too lengthy to be possible. The following are some of the commonly used Latin loanwords in English: Agile, abdomen, album, alien, anatomy, animate, animosity, anchor, annual, apostle, area, audio, bacteria, bonus, bovine, butter, Caesar, cancer, canine, capsule, cervix, chalk, cheese, circle, circus, city, civil, chest, church, comet, compensate, color, colossus, complex, consider, contemplate, data, decide, dexterity, deity, discus, disc, disciple, dish, disk, domestic, ego, emperor, equilibrium, erupt, et cetera, excavate, expensive, fauna, feline, feminine, fictitious, flora, floral, formula, fungus, general, genius, genus, gradual, habitual, habitat, honor, id, ignite, immoral, immortality, inertia, infinite, ingenious, insane, interim, janitor, judge, kettle, kitchen, lachrymose, latex, legal, libido, lingua franca, literature, lunar, manual, master, martyr, media, meditate, memento, memorandum, memory, mile, minus, moment, momentum, moral, noble, nocturnal, notorious, opera, orbit, ovum, paper, patron, pauper, pavement, pendulum, peninsula, pepper, percent, persona, physician, plus, pound, propaganda, referendum, regal, revise, rural, sack, series, sex, sickle, similar, simile, status, stimulus, street, subpoena, superego, superintendent, tabula rasa, temple, title, ultimate, vehicle, verbatim, vertigo, vice versa, video, vindicate, wall, wine. Learn more visiting these useful websites: https://www.latin-english.com   Latin English Dictionary https://www.etymonline.com     Online Etymology Dictionary You can download the following books on Latin at this page: Latin Language: Bennett, Charles E.: New Latin Grammar; D'Oogle, Benjamin L.: Latin for beginners; Wine, women and songs. Medieval Latin Student's Songs, including translation and commentary by John Addington Symonds. Or read other articles about the English Language and Literature: Christianization of Britain, a full article English, Greek and Latin, a complete article The Latin Language, a short history Italian influence on English English Renaissance, the revival of learning Short History of the English Language The essence of English Grammar Language and grammar In defence of grammar The importance of grammar Short History of the Origin of English English words origin and vocabulary History-of-the-English-Language.pdf British-history-milestones-synthesis Questions-about-the-english-language History-of-English-Literature-Summaries.pdf British_literature_history_chart_summary.htm General_literature_history_chart_summary.htm American_literature_history_chart_summary.htm British_english_history_timeline.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6eYkDhH61Y More videos; Latin, the key to English Latin influence on English Latin and Greek roots Read the full article

[summernightskyzjr]

Soft spoken words.

[dailyfont-com]

Gabrielo is a sans-serif blackletter typeface inspired by Old English fonts with a modern bold style, suitable for logos, headlines, and various print materials.

Link: https://l.dailyfont.com/KPkH1

[rudyboxman57]

Rudy Boxman created an OLD ENGLISH TEMPLATE for people who love to create OLD ENGLISH TEXTURES #OldEnglish #Template #news #UK #England #text #texture #textures #HD #HighDefinition 1920x1080 #RudyBoxman #RJBTEAM #PENCIL #Word #Nieuwsuur #TAAL

OLD ENGLISH OLD ENGLISH OLD ENGLISH

[lokirulesmidgard]

Word of the Day!

Today’s word of the day… Werifestria. Image is of a woman dressed in green with wings, holding a bird while standing in a shallow creek. Text reads: Werifestria. Old English (v.) To wander lovingly through the forest in search of mystery. I absolutely don’t do this…. That’s a lie. And I think the word adds magic to the mystery, and to the act of wandering. This image reminds me of a dream I…

[130w]

#designinspirations #oldenglish #typography #lifestylephoto #cre8 #designers #vintageaesthetic #weekend #vibeandmood #docmartenstyle #leatherjackets #blkwht #artistlife #silverjewelry https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn_LRWgs8wu/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[jenbro27]

Friday Fun Fact: #norsemythology #norsegoddess #oldenglish #fridayfunfact #mythology https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn7NeY5pobR/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[annesembroidery]

Good morning to the 2021 #champ #embroidery, #steamers #oldenglish #fonts (at Anne's Embroidery) https://www.instagram.com/p/CnrupqPO8Wz/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[peppe-placas]

Castillo #lettering #letteringtattoo #oldenglish #type #chicanolettering #castillo https://www.instagram.com/p/Cnf81rYsi4X/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[pjackk]

Im just so hurt & busted right now cuz my wireless adaptor has gone broke because i spilled my oldenglish 40 on it now even though i dried it off & put it in rice & shit its still got this red glare of death which means its busted as fuck and im just trying to hold my emotions in & shit i feel so burt out right now and emotionally fucked up cuz now i cant even play my comfort games no more cuz my remotes basically its all busted as fuck & other shit wrong with the micro chips & technology type shit Honestly i just need to catch a break once in a while but now i cant even realy take a good break at all anymore cuz i cant plauy red faction armagedon or homefront which i was very high rank in & a master of using the drones so now i cant even unwind wich is especially bad cuz im always so stressed over all the nasty bitches always mailing me hate mail & hating on me & also not even letting me live my life the way i wanna be & also i havent been fucked in 2 WEEKS which means all my shit is building up in my body & not letting me able to be thinking straight so its just all fucked up and it keeps getting worse and worse!!!!!

[theherbwitchshoppe]

Hand craefted Offering to Woden is now available on my website.

The Os rune, also known as "ᚩ" in the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, is often associated with the god Woden (Odin). In the context of runes and Old English literature, Os means "mouth" or "speech" and symbolizes communication, wisdom, and divine inspiration, all attributes closely linked to Woden.

Woden, the chief god in Anglo-Saxon and Norse mythology (where he is known as Odin), is associated with wisdom, magic, poetry, and the esoteric knowledge of the runes. The connection between the Os rune and Woden comes from the rune's symbolic meanings and the god's attributes.

In the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the verse for the Os rune states:

```

Os byþ ordfruma ælcre spræce,

wisdomes wraþu and witena frofur

and eorla gehwam eadnys and tohiht.

```

This can be translated as:

```

Os is the source of all language,

a pillar of wisdom and a comfort to the wise,

and to every noble, joy and trust.

```

These lines highlight the rune's association with speech and wisdom, reinforcing its link to Woden, who is revered for his eloquence and deep knowledge.

Therefore, the Os rune serves as a fitting symbol for Woden, embodying the qualities of communication, wisdom, and divine inspiration that are central to his character. #osrune #os #woden #odin #anglosaxon #oldenglish #anglosaxonrunepoem #fyp #charmerofherbs #theherbwitchshoppe

[daimonclub]

Questions about the English Language

Questions about the English language Questions about the English Language, its origin, history and development, its major events and the reasons why it is so difficult to learn and to speak 1) What was the first Indo-European language to be spoken in Britain? The first people in Britain about whose language we have definite knowledge are the Celts. Celtic was, therefore, presumably the first Indo-European language to be spoken in the country we now know as England. 2) What were the Teutonic tribes that settled in Britain after the Romans had left it? The Teutonic tribes which settled in Britain after the Romans had left it, were the Jutes, Saxons and Angles. 3) Where did the Jutes, Angles and Saxons come from? Before crossing over to Britain, the Jutes and the Angles most probably had their home in the Danish peninsula; the Jutes in the northern half (hence the name Jutland) and the Angles in the South. The Saxons were settled to the south and west of the Angles, roughly between the Elbe and the Ems. 4) Where did these tribes settle? First came the Jutes who settled in Kent, then, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Saxons who settled in Sussex and Wessex. Finally the Angles who occupied the east coast and then established an Anglian Kingdom north of the Humber. 5) What are the main periods in the development of English? The English language of today is the language which has resulted from the fusion of the dialects spoken by the Jutes, Saxons and Angles. In the development of English, we generally distinguish three main periods. The period from 450 to 1150 is known as Old English. From 1150 to 1500 the language is known as Middle English. The language from 1500 to the present time is called Modern English. 6) What event is commonly considered to mark the beginning of the Old English period? The invasion of England by Germanic tribes, notably the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in the 5th century, marked the beginning of the Old English period. 7) Which famous medieval document played a significant role in shaping the English language during the Middle English period? The Magna Carta, signed in 1215, played a significant role in shaping the English language during the Middle English period, as it was one of the earliest legal documents written in English rather than Latin or French. 8) Who is often credited with the translation of the Bible into English, contributing significantly to the standardization of the language? The translation of the Bible into English by John Wycliffe in the 14th century is often credited with contributing significantly to the standardization of the English language. 9) What major historical event had a significant impact on the English language, leading to the borrowing of many French words into English? The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 had a significant impact on the English language, leading to the borrowing of many French words into English. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9Tfbeqyu2U 10) During which period did English start to emerge as a global language due to British colonial expansion? English started to emerge as a global language during the Early Modern English period, particularly during the Age of Exploration and British colonial expansion from the 16th century onwards. 11) What influential English writer is often referred to as the "Father of the English Language"? Geoffrey Chaucer, the author of "The Canterbury Tales," is often referred to as the "Father of the English Language" due to his significant contributions to English literature during the Middle English period. 12) What linguistic event occurred in the 15th century that marked the transition from Middle English to Early Modern English? The Great Vowel Shift, a series of changes in the pronunciation of English vowels, occurred in the 15th century, marking the transition from Middle English to Early Modern English. 13) What has been the influence of the Bible on the English language? The Bible has had a significant impact on the English language, particularly during the Middle English period when it was translated into English by figures such as John Wycliffe and later by the King James Version translators. The translation of the Bible into English helped to popularize the language among the masses and contributed to its standardization. 14) What has been the influence of Shakespeare's works on the English language? Shakespeare is often credited with contributing a vast number of words and phrases to the English language, estimated to be around 1,700 words according to some sources. His plays and poetry have introduced countless idioms, expressions, and linguistic constructions that have become ingrained in the English lexicon. Additionally, Shakespeare's works have helped to standardize English grammar and vocabulary during the Early Modern English period. 15) What influential dictionary, first published in the 18th century, played a crucial role in standardizing English spelling and usage? Samuel Johnson's "A Dictionary of the English Language," first published in 1755, played a crucial role in standardizing English spelling and usage. 16) Which two Germanic tribes had the most significant influence on the development of Old English? The Angles and the Saxons had the most significant influence on the development of Old English. 17) What modern English dialect evolved primarily from the English spoken by early settlers in the American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries? American English evolved primarily from the English spoken by early settlers in the American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. 18) Why do you think the English language is so difficult to be learned well? Because it has an extremely rich vocabulary, an irregular spelling system and a lot of idiomatic usages. As a matter of fact those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are far from being the whole vocabulary of the language. You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand you have never heard of before. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqqlSb9uGUQ To learn, to practice and to improve the English Language, the Use of Internet and Marketing Strategies write us, we can guarantee free advice, good tricks, useful cooperation, lot of materials and ideas. Find out more at the following links: The English Language ; The English language article ; History of English ;  Short history of English ; Diffusion of English ; The blend of English ; The power of English ; The world of English ; The world of English language ; English words origin and vocabulary ; Language and grammar ; English Resources ;  George Mikes on English ; English Literature ; English History ;  Celtic languages ; Questions on Colonialism ; Language and Thought ; Languages of the world ;  English the world language ; On Facebook ; World of English ; Read the full article

[cobalt-knave]

How to Write Optional Details in Fic/Fanwork Exchanges

Fic/Fanwork exchanges on Archive Of Our Own generally include a FAQ section that explains the general rules per exchange, but it can be hard for folks new to exchanges to pick up the nuances / etiquette of them. So, I wanted to make a quick post to talk about optional details.

What are optional details?

When making a request in an exchange, you will have the option to add optional details in addition to tags (fandom, relationships and/or characters, additional tags). This is where you can put prompts, general likes, and Do Not Wants.

What are Do Not Wants?

Do Not Wants are the most important part of the optional details. They are the only element that your writer must abide by. These are whatever you really don’t want in the fic you receive.

How do you write Do Not Wants?

DNWs should be written clearly and in a nonjudgemental way.

Good example 1: “DNWs: animal cruelty/death, rape/noncon/dubcon, incest, non-canonical major character death, mundane AUs, public humiliation, xReader fic, ”

- This states specifically what tropes and warnings you don’t want without any additional fluff.

Bad example 1: “DNWs: gross sex, anything that triggers my squicks, anything that glorifies cruelty, incest because it’s disgusting”

- This is incredibly vague and judgemental.

Bad example 2: “DNWs: anything other than a coffee shop AU with Character A/Character B where Character B is a business executive who wakes up earlier than he should”

- This attempts to use DNWs to force their writer to write one specific story. This is bad sportsmanship (the idea behind exchanges is that both people are happy, not that you are commissioning a specific story). It is also against general exchange rules (generally this is explicit in the rules, but it might not be written down).

How do you write the rest of the optional details?

Here is where you can include general likes, smut likes, and/or prompts. Your writer is not required to abide by anything but the DNWs, but they may take inspiration from your prompts and likes when writing. You don’t have to include anything other than your DNWs, if you don’t want to.

Good example 1: “Likes: angst, hurt comfort, hurt no comfort, crossdressing and gender nonconformity, platonic relationships, non-linear narratives, first person POV, Trans Character A”

- Tropes, formats, subject matter, etc that you enjoy, which can be general and/or fandom specific.

Good example 2: “Prompts: Character A & Character B has great potential for angst. What would happen if they were together during [angsty event in canon]? How would Character B have reacted if [canon divergence]? I would have loved to see Character B survive and finally get to talk things through with Character A. But I would be happy with anything with these two! Go wild, mystery author!”

- Gives ideas, asks questions, still leaves the author to write what they want.

Bad example 1: “I don’t even like this fandom idk why I’m even requesting it. the writing is terrible. Just give me Character A and Character B making out. Nothing else is even worth it in this fandom.”

- Don’t insult the fandom or your writer. If you don’t like it, don’t request it.

Bad example 2: “Alright. So. Here we go. The word "Earth" comes from Old English. Old English, as a phrase, has two words: Old and English. Those words combined into one word makes Oldenglish. That is 10 letters. The number 10 has two numerals. Two multiplied by 333 is 666. 666 is the Devil. The Devil lives in hell. Hell is hot, according to Dante's portrayal of hell. Hot is associated with being attractive. Being attractive is socially acceptable. The opposite of socially acceptable is not socially acceptable. It is not socially acceptable to litter in your neighbor's driveway. Driveway and parkway sound similar. Parkway has the word "Park" in it. The word Park has the letter P. P is associated with Phosphorus. Phosphorus is flammable. Flames are associated with gas. Gas comes from farts. Farts have methane, which is a greenhouse gas. Greenhouse gases cause climate change. Climate change has the word climate. Climate is reported by the News. The News broadcasts. Broadcasting goes worldwide. The United States is part of the world. The United States was in the cold war. Freezers are cold. Dinosaur shaped nuggets go into a freezer, as they need to be kept cold.Conclusion: Earth=Dino nuggets“

- This is takes from a REAL REQUEST from a REAL EXCHANGE. It has nothing to do with the exchange, nothing to do with the request. Keep your optional details relevant to your request and the exchange. Save this stuff for your tumblr posts. It has no place here.

Bad example 3: “This is unrelated to the exchange, but here’s a youtube link [unrelated youtube link].”

- Keep your optional details relevant to the exchange.

I hope this helped a bit if you are getting into exchanges!

[judahsveryown]

New ink - custom old english J

7.14.23

#tattoo #calligraphy #oldenglish #losangeles

[sacredarttattoos]

🥀 by @jamescg_art James still has some available dates this month! For bookings email info@sacredartlondon.com ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ ⁣ #tattoo #tattooartist #tattooflash #flashtattoo #tattoodesign #queertattooartist #queertattoo #queerart #londontattoo #sacredarttattoo #btattooing #finelinetattoo #lineworktattoo #tattoolife #ink #tattooideas #tattoodesign #instatattoo #bodyart #blackworktattoo #londontattoo #cheyennetattooequipment #killerink #oldenglish #scripttattoo #redtattoo (at London, United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CnJos8zqtl4/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=