#Ben H. Rome

[downthetubes]

Crowdfunding Spotlight: Multiverse of Mystery – Holmes & Watson in every universe, every incarnation, all at once!

The International Association of Media Tie-In Writers, who know a thing or two about adaptations, is currently seeking support on Kickstarter for a Sherlock Holmes short story project, Multiverse of Mystery

The International Association of Media Tie-In Writers, who know a thing or two about adaptations, is currently seeking support on Kickstarter for a Sherlock Holmes short story project, Multiverse of Mystery. While this project is text fiction, do check out the list of creators involved, some of whom I’ve worked with recently during my editorship of Star Trek Explorer, such as Keith R.A.…

[dduane]

I'm so glad this is out now! (And I'm so pleased to be in it!)

The multiverse opens the mind to infinite possibilities. But some things remain immortal, including the legend of Sherlock Holmes of Dr. John Watson. These characters made such an indelible impression on the world's consciousness that they have been imitated in countless ways ever since Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created them. Now, members of the International Association of Media Tie-In Writers, who know a thing or two about adaptations, are taking the Holmes and Watson template a step further by offering you stories about Holmes and Watson throughout the multiverse. Our writers have placed the archetypal detectives into new genres, alien worlds, and historical time periods that may or may not exist. We go from medieval India to the far reaches of space, from 12th-century manhunters to gender-swapped consulting detectives. The all-new stories are brought to you by a stellar array of writers: Aaron Rosenberg, Ammar Habib, Ben H. Rome, Bryan Young, David McDonald, Dayton Ward, David Avallone, Diane Duane, Gini Koch & Anita Ensal, Jennifer Brody, Jennifer Brozek, John Peel, Keith R.A., DeCandido, Lorraine J. Anderson, Marsheila Rockwell, Neil Kleid, Scott Pearson, Steven Philip Jones Teel James Glenn, and Will McDermott. The anthology is curated by veteran tie-in authors Carrie Harris (Marvel, Miraculous Ladybug) and Robert Greenberger (Star Trek, Thrilling Adventure Yarns).

It's at Amazon... and at B&N.

[transmutationisms]

do you know any texts on the connection between fascism/the right and cleanliness/hygiene (purity) rhetoric? anything that goes a bit in depth on the topic?

Getting Under Our Skin: The Cultural and Social History of Vermin (2021). Sarasohn, Lisa Tunick. ISBN: 9781421441382

Dirt: New Geographies of Cleanliness and Contamination (2007). Campkin, Ben & Cox, Rosie (Eds.). ISBN: 9781845116729

The Sanitation of Brazil: Nation, State, and Public Health, 1889-1930 (2016). Hochman, Gilberto. ISBN: 9780252099052

Clean and White: A History of Environmental Racism in the United States (2015). Zimring, Carl A. ISBN: 9781479826940

Colonial Pathologies: American Tropical Medicine, Race, and Hygiene in the Phillipines (2006). Anderson, Warwick H. ISBN: 0822338041

Bacteriology in British India: Laboratory Medicine and the Tropics (2017). Chakrabarti, Pratik. ISBN: 9781580465908

The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt: Empire, Disease, and Modernity in French Colonial Vietnam (2018). Vann, Michael G. & Clarke, Liz. ISBN: 9780190602697

Soap and Water: Cleanliness, Dirt and the Working Classes in Victorian and Edwardian Britain (2010). Kelley, Victoria. ISBN: 9781848850521

Contagion: Disease, government, and the “social question” in 19th-century France (1999). Aisenberg, Andrew R.

Rome, Pollution, and Propriety: Dirt, Disease, and Hygiene in the Eternal City from Antiquity to Modernity (2012). Bradley, Mark & Stow, Kenneth R. ISBN: 9781107014435

Sanitizing South Africa: Race, Racism and Germs in the Making of the Apartheid State, 1880-1980 (2015). Fabio Terence Palmi Zoia. PhD. Dissertation, Indiana University. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1682266398)

there are also a few theoretical texts in social / cultural anthropology that will be frequent touchstones here, including norbert elias's 'the civilising process' (first published 1939) and mary douglas's 'purity and danger' (1966). i don't honestly think it's worth it or necessary to read these directly, both because they're dated in certain ways and because i think the historical studies are generally more useful. but you will probably notice these two texts & a handful of others repeatedly cropping up in introductory footnotes on this topic.

[sakurajjam]

SUGESTÃO DE FC HELP

Buscando fcs que se parecem para agir como irmãos, primos ou qualquer linha de parentesco? Fiz um pequeno apanhado de fcs que acredito terem semelhanças, se encontrar outros, vou atualizar aqui.

Byun Baekhyun e Lee Jaehyun/Hyunjae (irmãos ou tio e sobrinho)

Song Kang e Sung Hanbin (irmãos)

Xu Kai e Park Jongseong/Jay (primos)

Daniel Sharman e Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (pai e filho)

Lucas Jade Zumann e Josh Hutcherson (irmãos)

Renée Rapp e Lucy Boynton (irmãs)

Kristine Froseth e Victoria Pedretti (irmãs)

Savannah Lee Smith e Samantha Logan (irmãs)

Laura Harrier e Samantha Logan (irmãs)

Milo Manheim e Andrew Garfield (irmãos ou pai e filho)

Hwang Hyunjin e Seo Inguk (irmãos)

Kim Seokwoo/Rowoon e Lee Soohyuk (irmãos)

Kim Sihyeon e Bae Suzy (irmãs)

Tom Holland e Jonathan Bailey (irmãos)

Lim Yoona e Lee Minji/Jiu (irmãs)

Rachel McAdams, Renee Rapp e Sydney Sweeney (mãe e filhas ou irmãs)

Reneé Rapp e Sydney Sweeney (irmãs)

Sydney Sweeney e Sabrina Carpenter (primas)

Regé-Jean Page e Rome Flynn (irmãos)

Keith Powers e Michael B. Jordan (pai e filho ou irmãos)

Keith Powers e Jordan Fisher (irmãos)

Regé-Jean Page e Michael B. Jordan (primos)

Jacob Anderson e Jordan Fisher (irmãos)

Sam Reid e Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen (primos ou tio e sobrinho)

Damian Hardung e Garrett Clayton (tio mais novo e sobrinho ou primos)

John DeLuca e Blake Michael (irmãos, primos ou tio e sobrinho)

Park Boyoung e Park Sieun (mãe e filha ou irmãs)

Kim Taeyeon e Han Dong (primas ou meias irmãs)

Nine Kornchid Boonsathipakdee/Gao Qingchen e Book Kasidet Plookphol (meio irmãos)

Nine Kornchid Boonsathipakdee/Gao Qingchen e Justin Huang (meio irmãos ou primos)

Yang Hongseok e Jung Sungchan (tio e sobrinho)

Minatozaki Sana e Cho Miyeon (primas ou meia irmãs)

Minatozaki Sana e Seol Yoona/Sullyoon (primas ou meia irmãs)

Cho Miyeon e Seol Yoona/Sullyoon (irmãs ou primas)

Jung Sungchan e Sung Hanbin (irmãos)

Hannah Dodd e Elle Fanning (mãe e filha ou irmãs)

Lily James e Suki Waterhouse (primas ou meia irmãs)

Michael Bradway e Jacob Elordi (primos ou meio irmãos)

Henry Cavill e Michael Bradway (pai e filho, tio e sobrinho ou irmãos)

Henry Cavill e David Corenswet (irmãos ou pai e filho)

Evan Mock e Maris Racal (irmãos)

Sonia Ben Ammar e Mackenzie Foy (irmãs)

Elizabeth Gillies e Mads Mikkelsen (pai e filha ou tio e sobrinha)

Logan Lerman e Lucas Jade Zumann (irmãos ou tio e sobrinho)

Alexandra Breckenridge e Abigail Cowen (irmãs ou mãe e filha)

Henry Cavill e Tanner Buchanan (irmãos ou pai e filho)

Joseph Quinn e Daisy Edgar Jones (irmãos)

Asa Butterfield e Annya Taylor-Joy (irmãos ou primos)

Kang Seulgi e Yang Jungwon (irmãos ou primos)

Mitchell Hope e Nicholas Galitzine (irmãos ou primos)

Sophia Bush e Sofia Carson, primas (tia e sobrinha)

Phoebe Dynevor e Jessica Alexander (irmãs ou primas)

Charles Melton e Adeline Rudolph (irmãos ou primos)

Adeline Rudolph e Justin H. Min (primos)

Lorenzo Zurzolo e Noah Centineo (primos)

[wyrmfedgrave]

Pics:

A. The Conservative¹ collected edition.

B. Ovid², one of Rome's three greatest poets.

Intro: At the moment, my focus is on the rarer works of Lovecraft.

Not so much the political or racial items - though these subjects do permeate a lot of his writings.

Well, here's a hidden gem - a poem on how poesy should be written - the HPL way!

As is usual for him, Howard name- drops ancient gods, people & words with equal abandon.

He, a gentleman, also curses mildly & is highly satirical about it all.

Pics:

C. Mac Flecknoe, the mock-heroic sarcastic epic.

D. Mount Helicon, home of the Muses.

Pic E: The self-sacrifice of Codrus.

Title: "The State of Poetry" (1915).

Quote: "Non bene junctarum discordia semina rerum³" by Ovid.

Text:

Attend, ye modern bards, who dimly shine

As worthy scions of Mae Flecknoe's⁴ line!

Though scarce on Heliconian⁵ heights to gleam,

To one still clumsier ye supply a theme:

As meager stalk from sterile garden climbs,

So springs my trash from your Boeotian⁶ rhymes.

In state established on the Dunce's throne,

Hear infant Codrus⁷ with the comic moan.

His dreary wail no hint of sense conveys,

But critics hide their ignorance in praise.

Hard by the King, the pale faced Raucus⁸ stands,

A ream of witless ballads in his hands.

Meter forgot, he screams his sickly song

In quatrains⁹ part too short & part too long.

But ere¹⁰ he stops, Agrestis¹¹ fills the air

With dainty accents & illusions rare.

How might we praise the lines so soft & sweet,

Were they not lame in their poetic feet!

Just as the reader's heart bursts into flame,

The fire is quenched by rhyming "gain" with "name",

And ecstasy becomes no easy task

When fields of "grass" in Sol's¹² bright radiance "bask"!

Pic F: Sol, the Roman sun god.

Notes:

1. The Conservative was a journal edited & published by Lovecraft, when ever he could, from 1915 - 1923.

Howard focused on political & social concerns but, he included: poetry, short stories & literary criticism.

That last also promoted certain writers & editors, writing advice, UAPA business, etc...

Though he wrote most of the material at first, other UAPA members were also welcome.

As time passed & HPL became a payed author, it became harder to publish this 'rag'.

Eight years afterwards, he published his last issue & devoted his life fully to writing short stories, novellas, etc.

2. Ovid (43 BC - 17/18?) was a popular poet during the reign of Augustus.

He's best known for Metamorphoses, "Transformations" (8 AD), a narrative poem chronicling the world - from its creation to Julius Caesar being deified.

Ovid is the shortened form of Publius Ovidius ("sheep herder") Naso.

3. This quote means "The seeds of discord are not well-joined things."

Or, "the acts/words that lead to strife, division & conflict aren't harmonious in nature."

Pics:

G. John Dryden, a satiric bard.

H. Thomas Shadwell, a lesser poet.

4. "Mae" seems to be a mistake, as its proper spelling is "Mac" Flecknoe.

Which refers to a bitter satire written by John Dryden.

This work attacks Thomas Shadwell, a poet with whom Dryden had differing opinions on the 'genius' of one Ben Johnson & other stupidities.

5. Mt. Helicon, Greece was once home to the 9 Muses, goddesses of the arts.

They had a sanctuary in the Valley of the Muses below.

Helicon is also the location of the Hippocrene ("horse fountain") Spring, the very source of poetic inspiration.

Pegasus ("fountain maker") created the spring by stamping his hoof into the ground!

Pic J: Boeotia, with Mt. Helicon (in red) just NE of Aganippe in the lower right.

6. Boeotia, Greece is part of the central region of the country & was the birthplace of many mythical heroes & monsters - like the Sphinx ("to squeeze" or "strangle")!!

Athenians thought that the people here were stupid, foolish, ignorant & dull witted!!

That's the meaning Lovecraft meant.

7. Codrus ("?") was the last mythical King of Athens, around 1089 - 1068 BC.

A prophecy stated that an invasion would succeed if he wasn't harmed!

So, disguised as a peasant, Codrus picked a fight with an invading soldier & was put to death.

When the invaders realized who they had killed, they retreated in fear of being defeated!!

For his sacrifice, Codrus became known as a true example of patriotism & self-sacrifice.

8. Raucus is a Latin word meaning "hoarse, harsh & rough."

From it came the English raucous, "harsh" or "croaking in sound."

9. A "quatrain" is a 4 line piece of verse of poetry, especially if it has alternate rhymes.

It can be a poem in itself or is part of a longer verse.

10. "Ere" is archaic poetic language for the word "before."

However, in British slang, ere means "Hey, look here!"

11. Agrestis is Latin for "rustic, rural" or "wild".

It's often used to imply "rudeness, a lack of civilized refinement or 'polish'."

Pic K: Sol Invictus, with the Latin words for "Birthday of the Invincible Sun" - on December 25th!

12. Sol, here, refers to the Roman god of the Sun, who was the equivalent of the Greek sun god Helios.

Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was most prominent after being promoted by Emperor Aurelian ("golden, like gold") in 274 AD.

Sol remained a major cult figure until the rise of Christianity (313 AD).

Next: Part 2.

[nicks-disks]

Introduction post <3

Hey, I'm Nick and any pronoun's good for me. I'm a minor, biromantic and asexual, and I'm an Indonesian living in Australia which is pretty neato. My favourite colour is Red, and my main playlist on Spotify is (currently) 45 hours long.

My account will really just me be posting/talking about things that I don't get to talk about often, like fandoms I'm in or music I really like. I'll also be drawing fan art/writing fan fiction so if you're interested there'll be a lot of that.

I'm very very new to Tumblr, like stupid new, I barely know how to format a post so please bare with me.

My main show fandoms but they progressively get worse:

BBC Ghosts, Dead Poets Society, Watcher, Gentleman Jack, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The French Dispatch, Jojo Rabbit, The Thick Of it, Cunk (on everything), The Grand Budapest Hotel, M*A*S*H, Man Who Fell To Earth, House MD, Top Gear/Grand Tour, Robert Erwin, 12 Angry Men.

My favourite musical artists (they're all red flags):

David Bowie, Jeff Buckley, Nick Drake, Radiohead, The Style Council, Tchaikovsky, The Smiths, The Cranberries, Siouxsie And The Banshees, Strawberry Switchblade, The Talking Heads, The Velvet Underground, King Crimson, ELO, Pulp, The Kinks, The Doors, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Joy Division, New Order, Depeche Mode, The Cure, Crowded House, Nirvana, Sound Garden, Blur, Pig With The Face of A Boy, The Clash, The Jam, OMITD, Soft Cell,Led Zeppelin, Stone Temple Pilots, Soundgarden, Joan Baez, Smashing Pumpkins, B-52's, Supertramp, Tom Cardy, Janis Joplin, Stevie Nicks, Duran Duran, Elvis Costello and Horrible Histories (they count as musical artists).

Some of my favourite ships are:

Buffy x Faith Anne Lister x Anne Walker Todd Anderson x Neil Perry Steven Meeks x Gerard Pitts The Captain x Lieutenant Havers Adam Kenyon x Fergus Williams Hauptmann (Captain) Klenzendorf x Freddy Finale Ben Willbond x Never Playing a Straight Character Any of the previously stated musicians x myself /j

Instruments I play:

Bass guitar, electric guitar, saxophone, clarinet, trumpet, piano, ukulele and recorder. Honestly, I fully believe I play recorder and ukulele the best, I absolutely shred.

I love history, I love it to pieces. I'm a history girly in the sense that I can, will and happily talk about the history of make up in varying cultures and it's evolution, or the French Revolution and Napoleon, or historical art movements, or Ancient Greece and Rome, Henry and his Wives, Lady Jane Grey, so on and so forth, but also I'm a modern history boy and I will talk about tanks and planes and warfare and trenches and planes again I really really like planes. I LOVE Eastern world history, specifically different types of asian history, and if you do too then you're cool as hell. I enjoy historical and current politics (fat red flag), psychology (woah there's another one), and also I love love love transportation, specifically boats and planes and trains, but planes are my favourite. Also bikes.

If any of these things interest you, I would ABSOLUTELY be interested in talking about any of them! I plan to be as active as possible on here, but I'm still in school so I'll probably be a bit spotty. Feel free to interact, ask questions or completely dunk on me, I'd love to gain some mutuals <3

[soon-palestine]

People line up for bread at a partially collapsed but still operational bakehouse in Nuseirat refugee camp in Deir al Balah, Gaza, Ashraf Amra/Anadolu via Getty Images

The Israeli government is using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare in the Gaza Strip, which is a war crime.

Israeli officials have made public statements expressing their aim to deprive civilians in Gaza of food, water, and fuel – statements reflected in Israeli forces’ military operations.

The Israeli government should not attack objects necessary for the survival of the civilian population, lift its blockade of the Gaza Strip, and restore electricity and water. 

(Jerusalem) – The Israeli government is using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare in the occupied Gaza Strip, which is a war crime, Human Rights Watch said today. Israeli forces are deliberately blocking the delivery of water, food, and fuel, while willfully impeding humanitarian assistance, apparently razing agricultural areas, and depriving the civilian population of objects indispensable to their survival.

Since Hamas-led fighters attacked Israel on October 7, 2023, high-ranking Israeli officials, including Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, and Energy Minister Israel Katz have made public statements expressing their aim to deprive civilians in Gaza of food, water and fuel – statements reflecting a policy being carried out by Israeli forces. Other Israeli officials have publicly stated that humanitarian aid to Gaza would be conditioned either on the release of hostages unlawfully held by Hamas or Hamas’ destruction.

“For over two months, Israel has been depriving Gaza's population of food and water, a policy spurred on or endorsed by high-ranking Israeli officials and reflecting an intent to starve civilians as a method of warfare,” said Omar Shakir, Israel and Palestine director at Human Rights Watch. “World leaders should be speaking out against this abhorrent war crime, which has devastating effects on Gaza’s population.”

Human Rights Watch interviewed 11 displaced Palestinians in Gaza between November 24 and December 4. They described their profound hardships in securing basic necessities. “We had no food, no electricity, no internet, nothing at all,” said one man who had left northern Gaza. “We don’t know how we survived.”

In southern Gaza, those interviewed described the scarcity of potable water, the lack of food leading to empty shops and lengthy lines, and exorbitant prices. “You are on a constant search for things needed to survive,” said a father of two. The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) reported on December 6 that 9 out of 10 households in northern Gaza and 2 out of 3 households in southern Gaza had spent at least one full day and night without food.

International humanitarian law, or the laws of war, prohibits the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court provides that intentionally starving civilians by “depriving them of objects indispensable to their survival, including willfully impeding relief supplies” is a war crime. Criminal intent does not require the attacker’s admission but can also be inferred from the totality of the circumstances of the military campaign.

In addition, Israel’s continuing blockade of Gaza, as well as its more than 16-year closure, amounts to collective punishment of the civilian population, a war crime. As the occupying power in Gaza under the Fourth Geneva Convention, Israel has the duty to ensure that the civilian population gets food and medical supplies.

On November 17, the WFP warned of the “immediate possibility” of starvation, highlighting that supplies of food and water were practically non-existent. On December 3, it reported a “high risk of famine,” indicating that Gaza’s food system was on the brink of collapse. And on December 6, it declared that 48 percent of households in northern Gaza and 38 percent of displaced people in southern Gaza had experienced “severe levels of hunger.”

On November 3, the Norwegian Refugee Council announced that Gaza was grappling with “catastrophic water, sanitation, and hygiene needs.”Wastewater and desalination facilities were shut down in mid-October due to fuel and electricity shortages and have been largely inoperable since, according to the Palestinian Water Authority. Even before October 7, according to the UN, Gaza had virtually no potable water.

Prior to the current hostilities, 1.2 million of Gaza’s 2.2 million people were estimated to be facing acute food insecurity, and over 80 percent were reliant on humanitarian aid. Israel maintains overarching control over Gaza, including over the movement of people and goods, territorial waters, airspace, the infrastructure upon which Gaza relies, as well as the registry of the population. This leaves Gaza’s population, which Israel has subjected to an unlawful closure for 16 years, almost entirely dependent on Israel for access to fuel, electricity, medicine, food, and other essential commodities.

After the imposition of a “total blockade” on Gaza on October 9, Israeli authorities resumed piping water to some parts of southern Gaza on October 15 and, as of October 21, allowed limited humanitarian aid to arrive through the Rafah crossing with Egypt. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on October 19 that Israel would not allow humanitarian assistance “in the form of food and medicines” into Gaza through its crossings “as long as our hostages are not returned.”

The government continued to block the entry of fuel until November 15, despite warnings about the serious consequences of doing so, leading to the shutdown of bakeries, hospitals, sewage pumping stations, water desalination plants, and wells. These facilities, which have been left unusable, are indispensable to the civilian population’s survival. Although limited amounts of fuel were subsequently allowed in, on December 4, the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Lynn Hastings, called it “utterly insufficient.” On December 6, Israel’s war cabinet approved a “minimal” increase in fuel supplies to southern Gaza.

On December 1, immediately after the seven-day ceasefire, the Israeli military resumed bombing Gaza and expanded its ground offensive, stating that its military operations in the south would carry “no less strength” than in the north. While United States officials said that they urged Israel to allow fuel and humanitarian aid to enter Gaza at the same levels observed during the ceasefire, the Defense Ministry’s coordinator of government activities in the territories said on December 1 that it halted all aid entry. Limited aid deliveries resumed on December 2, but still at grossly insufficient levels, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

Alongside the crushing blockade, the Israeli military’s extensive airstrikes in the strip have resulted in widespread damage or destruction to objects necessary for the survival of the civilian population.

UN experts said on November 16 that the significant damage “threatens to make the continuation of Palestinian life in Gaza impossible.” Notably, Israeli forces’ bombing of Gaza’s last operational wheat mill on November 15 ensures that locally produced flour will be unavailable in Gaza for the foreseeable future, as highlighted by OCHA. Additionally, the UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS) said that the decimation of road networks had made it more difficult for humanitarian organizations to deliver aid to those who need it.

“Bakeries and grain mills have been destroyed, agriculture, water and sanitation facilities,” Scott Paul, a senior humanitarian policy adviser for Oxfam America, told the Associated Press on November 23.

Israel’s military actions in Gaza have also had a devastating impact on Gaza’s agricultural sector. The sustained bombardment, coupled with fuel and water shortages, alongside the displacement of more than 1.6 million people to southern Gaza, has made farming nearly impossible, according to Oxfam. In a report from November 28, OCHA said that livestock in the north are facing starvation due to the shortage of fodder and water, and that crops are increasingly abandoned and damaged due to lack of fuel to pump irrigation water. Existing problems, such as water scarcity and restricted access to farming land near the border fence, have compounded the difficulties faced by local farmers, many of whom are displaced. On November 28, the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics said that Gaza is suffering from at least a US$1.6 million daily loss in farm production.

On November 28, the Palestine Food Security Sector, led by the WFP and the Food and Agriculture Organization, reported that over a third of agricultural land in the north had been damaged in the hostilities. Satellite imagery reviewed by Human Rights Watch indicates that since the start of the Israeli military's ground offensive on October 27, agricultural land, including orchards, greenhouses, and farmland in northern Gaza, has been razed, apparently by Israeli forces.

The Israeli government should immediately cease using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare, Human Rights Watch said. It should abide by the prohibition on attacks on objects necessary for the survival of the civilian population and lift its blockade of the Gaza Strip. The government should restore water and electricity access, and allow desperately needed food, medical aid, and fuel into Gaza, including via its crossing at Kerem Shalom.

Concerned governments should call on Israel to end these abuses. The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and other countries should also suspend military assistance and arms sales to Israel as long as its forces continue to commit widespread and serious abuses amounting to war crimes against civilians with impunity.

“The Israeli government is compounding its collective punishment of Palestinian civilians and the blocking of humanitarian aid by its cruel use of starvation as a weapon of war,” Shakir said. “The deepening humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza calls for an urgent and effective response from the international community.”

Background

The Hamas-led attacks in southern Israel on October 7 killed at least 1,200 Israelis and foreign nationals, with more than 200 people taken hostage, acts amounting to war crimes. The resulting Israeli bombardment and ground offensive resulted in more than 18,700 Palestinians killed, including more than 7,700 children, according to Gaza authorities.

OCHA reported that by December 10, the Israeli military’s bombardment of the Gaza strip had destroyed more than half of the civilian infrastructure in Gaza, including more than 50,000 housing units, as provided by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in Gaza, as well as hospitals, schools, mosques, bakeries, water pipes, sewage, and electricity networks. On November 4 and 5 alone, according to OCHA, seven water facilities across the Gaza Strip were directly hit and sustained major damage, including water reservoirs in Gaza City, the Jabalia refugee camp, and Rafah. 

The Israeli military’s repeated, apparently unlawful attacks on medical facilities, personnel, and transport are further destroying Gaza’s healthcare sector, thereby affecting the population’s ability to access life-saving treatment, including to prevent diseases, wasting, and deaths linked to malnutrition, exacerbating the dire ramifications of starvation. “We will see more people dying from disease than from bombardment if we are not able to put back together this health system,” the World Health Organization's Margaret Harris said on November 28.

Humanitarian Consequences

On October 13, Israeli authorities issued an order for more than a million people to evacuate northern Gaza within 24 hours – an order that was impossible to comply with. Since then, and as conditions in the north worsened, hundreds of thousands have been displaced to Rafah and Khan Younis governorates in the south, where it has become increasingly difficult to secure the means to survive. Under international humanitarian law, evacuations must be carried out under conditions that ensure those displaced have access to unimpeded humanitarian aid, including sufficient food and work, otherwise they may amount to forcible displacement. Evacuations that would increase the likelihood of starvation are prohibited.

The humanitarian consequences of Israel’s military actions in Gaza have been severe. During the first eight weeks of hostilities, northern Gaza was the focus of the Israeli military’s intense air and, later, ground offensive. Except for the seven-day ceasefire that began on November 24, during which UN convoys brought in limited quantities of flour and high-energy biscuits, aid access to the north had been largely severed. Between November 7 and at least November 15, none of the bakeries in the north were operational due to the lack of fuel, water, wheat flour, and structural damage, according to OCHA.

According to the WFP, there is a serious risk of starvation and famine in Gaza. UN officials have said that 1.9 million people, over 85 percent of Gaza's population, are internally displaced, adding that the conditions in an ever-shrinking southern area of the Gaza strip could become “even more hellish.”

UN aid chief Martin Griffiths stated on December 5 that the Israeli military campaign in southern Gaza had led to “apocalyptic” conditions, making meaningful humanitarian operations impossible.

As of December 6, the only water desalination plant in northern Gaza was nonfunctional and the pipeline supplying water to the north from Israel remained closed, increasing the risk of dehydration and waterborne diseases arising from the consumption of water from unsafe sources. Hospitals have been particularly hard hit, with only 1 of 24 hospitals in northern Gaza functional and able to admit new patients, although services are limited, as of December 14.

Across Gaza, the humanitarian crisis deepened with a persistent electricity blackout since October 11 as well as several communications shutdowns that denied people access to reliable safety information, emergency medical services, and severely hindered humanitarian operations, with OCHA saying on November 18 that the telecommunications blackout between November 16 and 18, the fourth such blackout since October 7, “brought the already challenging delivery of humanitarian assistance to an almost complete halt, including life-saving assistance to people injured or trapped under the rubble as a result of airstrikes and clashes.” Another telecommunications blackout took place on December 14.

Since the beginning of the Israeli military’s ground offensive on October 27, satellite imagery reviewed by Human Rights Watch indicates that orchards, greenhouses, and farmland in northern Gaza have been razed, apparently by Israeli forces, compounding concerns of dire food insecurity and loss of livelihood. Satellite imagery indicates that the razing of agricultural land continued in northern Gaza during the seven-day ceasefire, which began on November 24 and ended on December 1, when the Israeli military was in direct control of the area.

While the Israeli government allowed a steady and slightly increased stream of humanitarian aid, including cooking gas for the first time since October 7, to enter the Gaza Strip during the seven-day ceasefire that ended on December 1, it deliberately hindered the entry of relief supplies at the scale needed for over a month prior, while it imposed a siege affecting the entire civilian population. This contributed to a catastrophic humanitarian situation of far-reaching consequences with over 80 percent of the population internally displaced, many of whom have been sheltering in overcrowded, unhealthy and unsanitary conditions at UN shelters in the south. The aid that entered during the ceasefire “barely registers against the huge needs of 1.7 million displaced people,” said UN spokesperson Stephane Dujarric on November 27.

Some 200 trucks, including four tankers carrying up to 130,000 liters of fuel and four tankers of cooking gas, entered Gaza each day of the ceasefire. In comparison, an average of 500 trucks of food and goods entered Gaza each day before the conflict and 600,000 liters of fuel are needed in Gaza per day just to operate water and desalinization plants. As the bombardment resumed and Israeli forces advanced south, aid access was again severely hindered. On December 5, for the third consecutive day, OCHA reported that only Rafah governorate in Gaza received limited aid distributions. In the adjacent Khan Younis governorate, it said aid distribution largely stopped due to the intensity of hostilities.

Accounts from Civilians in Gaza

Human Rights Watch spoke to 11 civilians who evacuated northern Gaza to the perceived safety of the south due to heavy bombardment, fear of imminent airstrikes, or because Israel ordered them to evacuate. Several said they were displaced a number of times before reaching the south, as they struggled to find suitable shelters and safety along their journey. In the south, they found overcrowded shelters, empty markets and soaring prices, and long lines for limited supplies of bread and drinking water. To protect their identities, Human Rights Watch is using pseudonyms for all those interviewed.

“I have to walk three kilometers to get one gallon [of water],” said 30-year-old Marwan, who fled to the south with his pregnant wife and two children on November 9. “And there is no food. If we are able to find food, it is canned food. Not all of us are eating well.”

“We don’t have enough of anything,” said 36-year-old Hana, who fled her home in the north to Khan Younis in the south with her father, his wife and her brother on October 11. She said that in the south they don’t always have access to clean water, forcing them to drink nonpotable, salty, water.

Bathing has become a luxury, she said, due to the lack of means to heat water, requiring them to scavenge for wood. In desperate situations, she said, they even resort to burning old clothes for cooking. The process of making bread poses its own challenges, given the scarcity of ingredients that they cannot afford. “We make bad bread because we don’t have all the ingredients and we cannot afford it,” she said.

Majed, 34, who fled with his wife and four surviving children to the south on or around November 10 said that while the situation in the south was dire, it was incomparable to what he and his family had to endure while staying in the north. They had been in an area near al-Shifa hospital in Gaza City for just over a month after their house was bombed on October 13, killing Majed’s 6-year-old son:

“In those 33 days we didn’t have bread because there was no flour,” he said. “There was no water – we were buying water, sometimes for [US]$10 a cup. It wasn’t always drinkable. Sometimes, [the water we drank] was from the bathroom and sometimes from the sea. The markets around the area were empty. There wasn’t even canned food.”

Taher, 32, who fled south with his family on November 11, described similar conditions in Gaza city in the first weeks of November. “The city was out of everything, of food and water,” he said. “If you find canned food, the prices were so high. We decided to eat just once a day to survive. We were running out of money. We decided to just have the necessities, to have less of everything.”

International Standards and Evidence of Deliberate Action

Starvation of civilians as a method of warfare is prohibited under article 54(1) of the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions (Protocol I) and article 14 of the Second Additional Protocol (Protocol II). Although Israel is not a party to Protocols I or II, the prohibition is recognized as reflective of customary international humanitarian law in both international and noninternational armed conflicts. Parties to a conflict may not “provoke [starvation] deliberately” or deliberately cause “the population to suffer hunger, particularly by depriving it of its sources of food or of supplies.”

Warring parties are also prohibited from attacking objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as food and medical supplies, agricultural areas, and drinking water installations. They are obligated to facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian assistance to all civilians in need, and to not deliberately block humanitarian aid or restrict the freedom of movement of humanitarian relief personnel. In each of its four previous wars in Gaza since 2008, Israel maintained the flow of drinking water and electricity into Gaza and opened the Israeli crossings for humanitarian delivery.

Evidence of intent to deliberately use starvation as a method of warfare can be demonstrated by public statements of officials involved in military operations. The following high-ranking Israeli officials could be expected to play a significant role in determining policy with respect to allowing or blocking food and other necessities to the civilian population.

On October 9, Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said: “We are imposing a complete siege on [Gaza]. No electricity, no food, no water, no fuel – everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we must act accordingly.”

National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir said in a tweet on October 17, “So long as Hamas does not release the hostages – the only thing that should enter Gaza is hundreds of tons of air force explosives – not an ounce of humanitarian aid.”

Energy Minister Israel Katz, who reported that he ordered the cuts to electricity and water, said on October 11:

“For years, we have given Gaza electricity, water, and fuel. Instead of a thank you, they sent thousands of human animals to butcher, murder, rape and kidnap babies, women and elderly people. This is why we have decided to cut off the supply of water, electricity and fuel, and now, the local power plant has collapsed, and there is no electricity in Gaza. We will keep holding a tight siege until the Hamas threat is lifted from Israel and the world. What has been will be no more.”

Katz said on October 12:

“Humanitarian aid to Gaza? Not a switch will be flicked on, not a valve will be opened, not a fuel truck will enter until the Israeli hostages come home. Humanitarian for humanitarian. Let no one lecture us about morality.”

He said on October 16:

“I supported the agreement between PM [Prime Minister] Netanyahu and President Biden to supply water to the southern Gaza Strip because it aligned with Israeli interests too. I am vehemently opposed to lifting the blockade and letting goods into Gaza for humanitarian reasons. Our commitment is to the families of the murdered and to the kidnapped hostages – not Hamas murderers and the people who helped them.”

On November 4, Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich declared that no fuel must enter Gaza “under any circumstances.” He later called Israel’s war cabinet’s decision to permit small amounts to enter the strip “a grave mistake” and said that it “stop this scandal immediately and prevent fuel from coming into the Strip,” as reported by the Jerusalem Post.

In a video posted online on November 4, Col. Yogev Bar-Shesht, deputy head of the Civil Administration, said in an interview from inside Gaza, “Whoever returns here, if they return here after, will find scorched earth. No houses, no agriculture, no nothing. They have no future.”

On November 24, in a televised interview with CNN, Mark Regev, senior adviser to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, said that Israel was depriving Gaza of fuel since October 7 to strengthen Israel’s position when it came to negotiating with Hamas on release of hostages. “Had we done so [allowed the fuel in] … we would never have gotten our hostages out,” he said.

On December 1, the Defense Ministry’s coordinator of government activities in the territories, Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, said that the entry of fuel and aid to Gaza was halted after Hamas violated the conditions of the ceasefire agreement. His office confirmed his statement in response to a Times of Israel query, stating: “After the Hamas terror organization violated the agreement and in addition fired at Israel, the entry of humanitarian aid was stopped in the manner stipulated in the agreement.”

Other officials have since October 7 called for the limited entry of humanitarian aid to Gaza, saying that doing so serves Israel’s military aims.

Prime Minister Netanyahu on December 5 answered a question about Israel potentially losing leverage against Hamas if it allowed more humanitarian aid into Gaza, saying: “The war efforts are supported by the humanitarian effort … this is because we follow laws of war because we know that if there would be a collapse – diseases, pandemics, and groundwater infections – it will stop the fighting.”

Defense Minister Gallant said: “We’re required to allow the humanitarian minimum to allow for the military pressure to continue.”

Tzachi Hanegbi, Israel's national security adviser, said at a news conference on November 17: “If there is an epidemic, the fighting will be stopped. If there is a humanitarian crisis and an international outcry, we will not be able to continue the fighting under those conditions.”

On October 18, the Office of the Prime Minister announced that Israel would not prevent humanitarian aid from entering Gaza from Egypt following pressure from the US and other international allies:

“In light of President Biden’s demand, Israel will not thwart humanitarian supplies from Egypt as long as it is only food, water and medicine for the civilian population in the southern Gaza Strip.”

Destruction of Agricultural Products and Impacts on Food Production During ground operations in northern Gaza, Israeli forces have apparently destroyed agricultural products, exacerbating shortages of food with long-term effects. This has included razing orchards, fields, and greenhouses.

October 15, 2023

November 24, 2023

Israel's military said it conducted military operations in the Beit Hanoun area, including in an undisclosed agricultural area in Beit Hanoun, to clear tunnels and other military objectives. Fields and orchards north of Beit Hanoun, for example, were first damaged during hostilities following Israel’s ground operations in late October. Bulldozers carved new roads, clearing the way for Israeli military vehicles. Since mid-November, after Israeli forces took control of the same area in northeastern Gaza, satellite imagery shows that orchards, fields, and greenhouses have been systematically razed, leaving sand and dirt. Human Rights Watch contacted the Israel Defense Forces for comment on December 8 but has not received a response.

November 11, 2023

November 24, 2023

Farmers in this area planted crops such as citrus fruit, potatoes, dragon fruit, and prickly pear, contributing to the livelihoods of Palestinians in Gaza. Other crops include tomatoes, cabbage, and strawberries. Some plots were razed in a day. Trees that yield citrus fruit, as well as the cacti that yield dragon fruit, take years of care to mature before they can yield fruit. High resolution satellite imagery shows bulldozers were used to destroy fields and orchards. Tracks are visible, as well as mounds of earth on the edges of the former plots.

Whether by deliberate razing, damage due to hostilities or the inability to irrigate or work the land, farmland across northern Gaza has been drastically reduced since the beginning of the Israeli ground operations. Farms and farmers in southern Gaza have also been affected. Action Against Hunger found that of 113 farmers from southern Gaza surveyed between October 19 and 31, 60 percent reported that their assets and/or crops have been damaged, 42 percent reported that they had no access to water to irrigate their farms, and 43 percent reported that they were unable to harvest their crops.

[artbyfemme]

Edmonia Lewis ⚒️ pt 1.

Aka Wildfire, Mary

July 4, 1844 Greenbush or somewhere near Albany - Sept 17, 1907 London, England

Neoclassical style, sculpture

Edmonia Lewis was born to Cathrine Mike Lewis, an Afro-Mississauga woman and either Samuel Lewis, an Afro-Haitian valet or writer Robert Benjamin Lewis. She had an older 1/2 brother, Samuel Lewis. Her mom called her “wildfire” . She spent her childhood in Newark, Nj. .By time Lewis was 9, her parents were dead and she and her brother were taken in by her mom’s sisters, the family would travel between Toronto Canada and Buffalo, Ny. They would survive on substance living and creating art, specifically baskets and quillwork, the Aunts were artists in their own right, so was her mother. They would sell to tourists. Maybe Samuel used his barber training too?

At some point Samuel went out West and gat Rich through speculation. He decided to help Edmonia with her education, starting with sending her to NY Central College’s prep abolitionist school where she stayed for 3 years. She left because she said she was” declared to be wild” , school records showed her grades were exemplary, so maybe she was just bored. She was sent to a prep school for Oberlin college where she learned French, zoology, and most importantly, she learned about sculpture. During this time Lewis called herself Mary for some reason and boarded with Rev John Keep.

Her personality was described and mischievous and she got on well with the other girls. Until her roommates almost died after Lewis served them spiced wine before they went on an unchaperoned sleigh ride. It was believed the drinks were spiked with Spanish Fly. A supposed aphrodisiac that’s actually just a poison made from beetles. It’s used in a spice blend in Morocco so maybe those were the spices used? I’m not sure why she would deliberately poison anyone. Authorities didn’t really care about the event despite 2 girls almost dying.

The townsfolk, already annoyed at girls and people of color getting an education, decided to do something about it. They cornered Lewis, drug her to a field, beat her, and left her for dead. So then they arrested Lewis and charged her with attempted murder. John Mercer Langston stepped in and acted as Lewis’ lawyer. Lewis didn’t testify and most witnesses were against her but Langston was able to get charges dismissed. Because the authorities didn’t actually investigate there was no evidence of poisoning, there may not have been anyway. These were girls, unchaperoned with boys, in the 1800s. Anyway, afterwards Lewis was ostracized accused of burglary, and driven out of the community. She didn’t get a degree from Oberlin until 2022.

After Oberlin, Edmonia Lewis Moved to Boston with the help of her brother and Rev Keep. While there she was inspired by a sculpture of Ben Franklin and decided to further study the craft. Unfortunately, she couldn’t learn anatomy from life because of her gender so she learned from studying other peoples work. She eventually caught the eye of Edward Augustus Brackett under whom she mastered the basics and let her use us supplies. Lewis be a creating plaster medallions, her first professional work being a medallion of John Brown. A short time later, in 1864, Lewis made 2 sculptures for a fundraiser led by the Boston Colored Women’s Sanitary Commission to raise funds for 3 Massachusetts black regiments. One was a now lost full sized statue of Sgt Willian H. Carney, first black Medal of Honor recipient. The other was a bust on Colonel Robert Shaw, commander of a black war regiment. This bust gave her some popularity and enabled her leave the country.

In 1866, Edmonia Lewis arrived in Rome where she felt more comfortable. Sculptor Hiram Powers gave her space to work until she had her own studio. It was here Lewis developed her neoclassical style. She also sponsorships from actress/patron of the arts Charolette Cushmann

[blogger360ncislarules]

A first look at The Chosen: Last Supper is here!

PEOPLE has an exclusive sneak peek at new key art ahead of the historical drama’s season 5 premiere, which will be released on March 27 a.k.a. Palm Sunday. Taken by iconic photographer Annie Leibovitz, the portraits offer a look into what fans can expect from the show’s three-part depiction of the Last Supper.

Leibovitz was tapped to take the portraits after the show's marketing team thought her style would be perfect for the project. When they reached out, the world-renowned photographer was immediately on board as she was already a fan of the series and fell in love with their vision for the key art.

Over a course of four days, Leibovitz captured the photos onThe Chosen set, showing off her attention to detail and lighting. She had been wanting to do a project based on the bible for over 10 years, but never felt she had the right opportunity until now.

The Chosen, which first began as a crowd-funded project and quickly turned into a hit series, documents the life of Jesus through portrayals of various Biblical stories. Season 5 follows the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John with Jonathan Roumie returning to star as Jesus.

Other cast members include Shahar Isaac as Simon, Paras Patel as Matthew, Elizabeth Tabish as Mary Magdalene, Noah James as Andrew, George H. Xanthis as John, Abe Bueno-Jallad as Big James, Jordan Walker Ross as Little James, Giavanni Cairo as Thaddeus, Joey Vahedi as Thomas, Alaa Safi as Simon the Zealot, Reza Diako as Philip, Austin Reed Alleman as Nathanael, Vanessa Benavente as Mother Mary, Yasmine Al-Bustami as Ramah, Luke Dimyan as Judas, Lara Silva as Eden, Amber Shana Williams as Tamar, Kirk B.R. Woller as Gaius, Nick Shakoour as Zebedee, Brandon Potter as Quintus, David Amito as John the Baptizer, Demetrios Troy as Lazarus and Paul Ben-Victor as King Herod.

In December, Dimyan, who joined the show in season 3 as Judas Iscariot, sat with PEOPLE to discuss his part in the seven-season seriesm set in first-century Israel. He shared that prior to getting the role, he already had personal and strong feelings about the character.

"I always loved the Old Testament growing up," he said.

An Egyptian-American from Torrance, Calif., Dimyan grew up in the Coptic Orthodox Church, which is a Christian religion in Egypt.

"I read my Bible," he said. "I understood the stories, and I was very aware of them before I was cast in The Chosen. To me personally, I've always felt like there was more to Judas than just greed or devil manipulation and mind control."

He continued, "His name is cursed upon and he's vilified, of course. But I've also had many talks with people, even in my Coptic community, who genuinely feel heartbroken for him. And you can see naturally that there is room for that. The one bad thing he did hurt him so badly that he took his own life."

Dimyan also praised the show’s creator, Dallas Jenkins, for his ability to accurately retell historical stories while also expressing artistic creativity.

"The Chosen tries to be very respectful to the time, the history, the people that this story takes place in," Dimyan explained. "That's why it's almost a historical drama. We get into the politics of it. We get into the economic situation of the people of Israel and how they feel both oppressed and financially burdened by a military occupation of Rome.”

“It gets very specific,” he added. “And I think that's why it's become so big. It's become so widespread because it's not just about telling the story of Jesus, but it's about understanding the story of Jesus."

The Chosen season 5 will be released in select theaters on March 27 in three parts – Part One (episodes 1-2), Part Two (episodes 3, 4, 5), and Part Three (episodes 6, 7, 8). Later in 2025, the season will make its streaming debut.

[veritasislehq]

Welcome to the Isle, Veritas Isle that is. Your journey has only just begun. We are delighted to announce that the following have been accepted! Please click anywhere on this sentence to be redirected to the checklist. Please message the main if you have yet to receive a link to the discord server or if you have any additional questions. We're here to answer any and all concerns.

( taz skylar. he/they. questioning. ) the courts of veritas welcome ELIAS CONSTANTINE! it’s been said that the 28 year old PHOENIX is known to be CUNNING and RESERVED. when ELI isn’t working as a PIRATE & THIEF, they can be found participating in PLAYING POKER. if you visit their home on THE ESTRELLA, it may remind you of the FAINT SMELL OF SMOKE, DISARMING SMILES & STOLEN WALLETS. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth. )

(patrick schwarzenegger. he&him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome REED JAEGER! it’s been said that the 30 year old HUMAN ( GIFTED ) is known to be DEDICATED and SLY. when REED isn’t working as a CASINO OWNER, they can be found participating in KNIFE THROWING & HUNTING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT it may remind you of A KNIFE TO THE BACK, GOLDEN CHAINS & FRESHLY LAUNDERED SUITS. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth )

( ben hardy. he&they. demi man. ) the courts of veritas welcome ATTICUS GREENWOOD! it’s been said that the 28 (52) year old VAMPIRE is known to be KIND HEARTED and ANXIOUS. when ATTY isn’t a ESCAPED PRISONER, they can be found participating in COOKING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of TATTOOS, CHIPPED BLACK NAIL POLISH, BITTEN LIPS & CIGARETTE BUTTS. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth )

( eva ruiz. she & they. demi woman. ) the courts of veritas welcome VICTORIA ROMERO! it’s been said that the 24 year old LYCANTHROPE is known to be OUTSPOKEN and REBELLIOUS. when TORI isn’t working as an USHER, they can be found participating in ACTING & PARTYING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of HEAVY EXPECTATIONS WEIGHING YOU DOWN, LIPSTICK PRINTS ON A WINEGLASS & GLITTER. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth )

( aaron ashmore. he & him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome FREDERICK SANTOS! it’s been said that the 41 year old BERSERKER is known to be ENVIRONMENTALLY CONSCIOUS and CLUMSY. when FREDDIE isn’t working as a FOREST RANGER, they can be found participating in GARDENING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of A GREEN THUMB, SPENDING TIME WITH FAMILY & WORN OUT BOOTS. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth)

( mae martin. they&them. non binary. ) the courts of veritas welcome ROME MORELLI! it’s been said that the 35 ( 745 ) year old VAMPIRE is known to be WHIMSICAL and FICKLE. when RO isn’t working as a FLORIST OWNER, they can be found participating in ANNOYING THEIR TWIN. if you visit their home in SANGUIS POINT, it may remind you of LOSING TRACK OF TIME, NOT CARING WHAT OTHERS THINK & NEVER GROWING UP. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth. )

( justin h min. he & they. genderqueer. ) the courts of veritas welcome ANDREW TAN! it’s been said that the 32 ( 953 ) year old GHOST is known to be ENDEARING and UNCOORDINATED. when DREW/TAN isn’t working as a INFORMANT, they can be found participating in HAUNTING CLOVE. if you visit their home in ANYWHERE, it may remind you of PUPPY DOG EYES, BEING THE SUNSHINE IN EVERYONE ELSE'S LIFE & SAVING EVERYONE BUT YOURSELF. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( beth. )

( emily rudd. she/her. cis woman. ) the courts of veritas welcome MAGNOLIA JAEGER! it’s been said that the 27 year old HUMAN ( GIFTED ) is known to be STALWART and NEGLIGENT. when MALIA isn’t working as a FLOOR & SOCIAL MEDIA MANAGER for JAEGER OUTFITTERS, they can be found participating in HIKING. if you visit their home in ASHBORNE CITY, it may remind you of dirt smears on their face, the taste of ice, breaking curfew, shattered phone screen & loyal but seldom forgiving. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

( ruby cruz. she/they. genderflux. ) the courts of veritas welcome ASTRID BLYTHE! it’s been said that the 24 year old HUMAN is known to be FLIRTY and NAIVE. when ASTRID isn’t working as a PIRATE, they can be found participating in PHOTOGRAPHY. if you visit their home on THE ESTRELLA, it may remind you of black and white photos, unread text messages, oversized sweaters, and a sunset over the sea. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( niko terho. he/him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome FELIX BELGRAVE! it’s been said that the 28 (359) year old SIREN is known to be ADVENTUROUS and POSSESSIVE. when FELIX isn’t working as UNEMPLOYED, they can be found participating in EXPLORING. if you visit their home in ECHO COVE, it may remind you of disheveled clothing, drunkenly dancing on tables, confidence that could kill, and bruised lips. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( barrett doss. she/they. Demi woman. ) the courts of veritas welcome JUNIPER ROSSI! it’s been said that the 37 year old SEER is known to be AFFABLE and OVER PROTECTIVE. when JUNI isn’t working as a BARTENDER AT ENCHANTING ELIXIRS, they can be found participating in GARDENING. if you visit their home in RAVENWYCK, it may remind you of the smell of freshly picked flowers, handwritten letters, keeping secrets from loved ones, and unsent postcards. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( algee smith. he/they. demi man. ) the courts of veritas welcome SEBASTIAN HAYES! it’s been said that the 31 (77) year old PHOENIX is known to be CONFIDENT and GUARDED. when BASH isn’t working as an EDITOR AT ASHBORNE CHRONICLES, they can be found participating in BAKING. if you visit their home in ASHBORNE CITY, it may remind you of all nighters, the clicking of a keyboard, hot tea with honey, and a candle burning in the dark. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( ben levin. he/him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome JONATHAN LAO! it’s been said that the 33 year old WIXEN is known to be CHARISMATIC and OBSTINATE. when JONNY isn’t working as a PARAMEDIC, they can be found participating in WOODWORKING. if you visit their home in RAVENWYCK, it may remind you of the crackling of a fire, shadows dancing on the wall, broken clocks, and saving everyone but yourself. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( natacha karam. she/her. cis woman. ) the courts of veritas welcome NISRINE AMARI! it’s been said that the 32 year old HYBRID (HUMAN/FAE) is known to be TRUSTWORTHY and UNPREDICTABLE. when NISRINE isn’t working as a REC CENTER EMPLOYEE, they can be found participating in SCRAPBOOKING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of stargazing on the lawn, a cool evening breeze, half finished mugs of coffee, and messy sheets on an unmade bed. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( abby.)

( louis hofmann. he/him. cis man. ) The courts of veritas welcome JAMESON GREENWOOD! it’s been said that the 25 year old BANSHEE is known to be ELEGANT and GENTLE but he’s also UNSTABLE and WEAK. When JAMIE isn’t WORKING AT THE ANIMAL SHELTER at NEW BEGINNINGS, he can be found WRITING IN HIS JOURNAL. If you visit his home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of LIGHT BLUE SHEETS, A YELLOW RAINCOAT ACROSS A STRIPPED ARMCHAIR, MINT TEA, MINT TOOTHPASTE, BROKEN GLASS TUCKED BENEATH MISMATCHED NIGHTSTANDS, BOOKS AND BOOKS OF ALL SHAPES AND SIZES IN STACKS ACROSS THE FLOOR. He may be your best friend or your greatest enemy.

( juliette. she/her. 25. pst. ) ( david castaneda. he/him. cis man. ) The courts of veritas welcome VALIS MORALES! it’s been said that the 594 year old DRAGON is known to be INVULNERABLE and DECISIVE but he’s also COLD and BELLIGERENT. When VALIS isn’t SERVING DRINKS at THE HINGED SAILOR, he can be found PLAYING POOL OR DARTS. If you visit his home in ASHBORNE CITY, it may remind you of LEATHER COUCHES, THICK BUT WORN OUT BLANKETS, BARE WALLS, CABINETS LINED WITH LIQUOR AND SHELVES FULL OF DYING PLANTS, SMELLS STRONGLY OF BURNT CEDAR. He may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( juliette! )

( daisy edgar jones. she/her. cis woman. ) The courts of veritas welcome ARTEMIS JAEGER! it’s been said that the 27 year old WIXEN is known to be CAPTIVATING and PRACTICAL but she’s also CALLOUS and INSENSITIVE. When ARTEMIS isn’t INSTRUCTING ARCHERY LESSONS at MOUNT CYPRESS, she can be found PRACTICING KNIFE THROWING OR DANCING AT A BAR. If you visit her home in ASHBORNE CITY, it may remind you of TRACKED IN DIRT AND LEAVES, LUSH GREEN, EMBROIDERED LAVENDER, and VELVET PINK FABRICS, BLOOD STAINED TOWELS, POINTED DAGGERS, ROSE WATER WITH WAFTS OF CUCUMBER. She may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( juliette! )

( sam claflin. he&him. cis male. ) the courts of veritas welcome BENNETT AINSLEY! it’s been said that the 302 (37) year old VAMPIRE is known to be HELPFUL and CLOSED-OFF. when BEN isn’t working as a CHIEF OF ORTHOPEDICS AT ASHBORNE CITY GENERAL HOSPITAL, they can be found participating in DILF ACTIVITIES. if you visit their home in SANGUIS POINT, it may remind you of orderly chaos, anatomy books, scribbled post-it notes, children’s toys, the aching pain of grief, cold half-filled mugs of tea. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( rosalie )

( anna diop. she&they. genderfluid. ) the courts of veritas welcome KADIATOU MBAYE! it’s been said that the 818 (35) year old LUMEN DRAGON is known to be BUBBLY and SELF-ABSORBED. when KADI isn’t working as a SOCIALITE, they can be found participating in FLYING AROUND THE ISLAND. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of gilded interior design, overflowing jewelry boxes, giant wardrobes, tea parties, maximalism, owning 20 tubes of your favorite lipstick, green velvet couches, believing in fairy tale romance. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( rosalie )

( shemar moore. he&him. cis male. ) the courts of veritas welcome KENDRICK DAVIS! it’s been said that the 50 year old WEREWOLF is known to be WELCOMING and VAIN. when KENNY isn’t working as a PERFORMER & OWNER AT THE BONEYARD, they can be found participating in WORKING OUT. if you visit their home in MOONLIT CREEK, it may remind you of wearing just shy of too much cologne, crooked smirks, wicked smiles, classic whiskey, historic memorabilia, body oil, ‘guyliner’, “chivalry will never die”. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( rosalie )

( maddison jaizani. pronouns. gender. ) the courts of veritas welcome ZARNISH AHMADI! it’s been said that the 25 year old WEREWOLF is known to be INNOVATIVE and COMPULSIVE. when ZARA isn’t working as a ESTHETICIAN, they can be found participating in YOGA. if you visit their home in MOONLIT CREEK, it may remind you of color coordinated binders, sentimental photo albums, rainbows after a storm, light pink ruffled bedding & the smell of lavender. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

( brian michael smith. he/him. trans man. ) the courts of veritas welcome MARCELLUS MBYAE! it’s been said that the 44 (105) year old FAE is known to be METICULOUS and INHIBITED. when MARCEL isn’t working as a GYM TEACHER & COACH, they can be found participating in PLAYING HOCKEY. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of black and white photos, breakfast in bed, yelling at espn, dancing in the refrigerator light & listening to taylor swift. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

( anna leong brophy. any. genderflux. ) the courts of veritas welcome ! it’s been said that CHUNNING ZHENG the 200 year old PHOENIX is known to be SELF-ASSURED and UNPREDICTABLE. when NIRVANA isn’t working as a BARTENDER & SKYDIVING INSTRUCTOR, they can be found participating in THRILL SEEKING. if you visit their home in JUSTPORT, it may remind you of half finished mugs of coffee, an overflowing shelf, the rush from adrenaline, courage dear heart & jumping fences. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

BAHAR AMINI BEAUXREGARD! it’s been said that the 45 year old VAMPIRE is known to be EFFICIENT and HEDNOSTIC. when BONNIE isn’t working as a TALENT SCOUT, they can be found participating in SOCIALIZING. if you visit their home in SANGUIS POINT, it may remind you of six inch heels, leaving before the other wakes up, imposter syndrome, not recognizing yourself in the mirror & longing for the past. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

( chris hemsworth. he/him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome HEATH SILVERTON! it’s been said that the 38 year old SIREN is known to be DEPENDABLE and IRRESOLUTE. when HEATH isn’t working as a FIRE CAPTAIN, they can be found participating in PLAYING MUSIC. if you visit their home in ECHO COVE, it may remind you of the scent of cedar and pine, rugged flannel shirts, weathered face, logs become seats & acoustic serenades by the fire. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

( serkan çayoğlu. he/him. cis man. ) the courts of veritas welcome IDRIS YILMAZ! it’s been said that the 39 year old FAE is known to be ADAPTABLE and HEEDLESS. when IDRIS isn’t working as a CARD DEALER, they can be found participating in GAMBLING. if you visit their home in LOCATION ON MAP, it may remind you of a tale of deceit wrapped around his finger, skillful bluffs, a trail of false names, hushed conversations, changing colors to fit, suave charm & polished manners. they may be your best friend or your greatest enemy. ( kass. )

[denimbex1986]

'Now that the radioactive fallout from Oppenheimer’s detonation is starting to settle, and the mushroom cloud that was Barbenheimer has drifted away on the breeze, it’s a bit easier to see the whole thing for what it was. Christopher Nolan has made a good film, and loads of people went to see it at the cinema, and so far it’s made north of $725 million on a $100 million budget. Happy days, whichever way you slice it.

Leave aside the typically Nolanesque time-scrambling narratives and Oppenheimer is, in a lot of ways, a blast from the past. It’s a war story packed with stars, led by a prestige director and hotly tipped for awards season. You’ve seen a hundred of ‘em. They’re BBC4 fodder. Yet Oppenheimer – in a quite Nolan-y twist – might also be the future too.

Oppenheimer hasn’t started a trend, but it’s the first of a run of historical epics which could turn out to be blockbusters like it has become. Ridley Scott continues his ridiculously productive eighties with a biopic of Napoleon Bonaparte, starring Joaquin Phoenix as the general and Vanessa Kirby as his wife Joséphine. When it was announced Scott said he’d always been fascinated by the French emperor. “He came out of nowhere to rule everything – but all the while he was waging a romantic war with his adulterous wife Joséphine,” Scott said. “He conquered the world to try to win her love, and when he couldn't, he conquered it to destroy her, and destroyed himself in the process.”

He’s also working on Gladiator 2 with (Esquire's newest cover star) Paul Mescal and Pedro Pascal, which should be gigantic. They’re all about different times and different ideas, and their attitudes toward actual history range from painstakingly researched to a broad feeling for vibes. And, really, the historical epic never went away. But it feels like it’s back as one of the pillars of Big Event Movies after some time gathering dust in the archives.

There’s a distinction here between a historical epic and a period drama. A period drama plops a story and characters into a time and place in a few specific bits of the past: the whole of the 20th century is up for grabs, plus the grottier bits of the nineteenth, the fancier bits of the early 18th, and Shakespearean London. A historical epic is less about using a time and place as a setting and more about using it as an engine for the story. Gladiator might be fictional, but it’s the heaving tides of history that take Maximus Decimus Meridius from the front lines of the war against Germanic tribes to North Africa and back to Rome.

But more than anything, it’s about the size of the ideas. Period dramas tend to be drawn on a smaller scale while historical epics reach for something timeless and gigantic. For instance: Oppenheimer broke apart the fundamental matter of the universe and made it possible for humanity to destroy itself; Pearl Harbor was more interested in blowing things up. One is an epic, the other is Pearl Harbor.

We’re in the middle of one of the occasional booms in historical movies. Last year there was The Woman King and All Quiet on the Western Front, both of which made their mark – the latter won seven Baftas including Best Film – but along with musicals they’re a type of movie that have been popular as long as there’s been movies.

The late Twenties and Thirties were a golden age: between 1929 and 1939, six of the 10 Best Picture Oscar winners were historical epics. They were big through the early Sixties too: the Elizabeth Taylor-Richard Burton Cleopatra bombed but was a massive story, while Ben-Hur, Spartacus, El Cid and Lawrence of Arabia were huge hits.

You can see the appeal for filmmakers and studios: some of these stories are so embedded within the culture that everyone roughly knows what they’re getting themselves into beforehand. Making a movie about Napoleon – or Hitler, or Henry VIII, or Helen of Troy – makes marketing a breeze. It’s the historical equivalent of making another Expendables. You know where you are.

So why are they back now? Well, on one level, they might not actually be back. This might be two Ridley Scott films and a Chris Nolan film landing in the same 18-month period, to the power of a one-off grassroots cross-promotional meme-storm. This isn’t like the boom in biopics about products and brands. It’s not like every streamer is going to be able to join the rush by running to one of Britain’s A-list directors and getting them to knock together a biopic of Charlemagne.

I think there’s certainly something to the excitement which Oppenheimer, Napoleon and Gladiator 2 have generated though. They’re all likely to be very serious films with designs on big awards, and though the stock of historical movies goes up and down it’s rare that there’s a year when not a single one is nominated for the Best Picture Oscar – it was 2009 last time that happened. But none of those movies challenged the top 10 of the biggest grossing movies in their years. You’ve got to go back to The Last Samurai in 2003 for the last historical movie to make the global top 10. As it stands, Oppenheimer is fourth in the 2023 list.

Oppenheimer strikes a noticeably grown-up tone for a Big Event Movie to take after a good 15 years where most of the Big Event Movies have either been from Marvel or the world of Avatar. In fact, movies like Oppenheimer are the exact opposite of the huge hits we’ve gradually become blasé about. Not every movie can be an event, but as the various multiverses unravel, there’s hope in the fact that stories told inventively by skilled directors have shown they can get people buying cinema tickets and talking about movies. We’re not looking at a chain reaction here, but a spark which might catch light.'

[bernardo1969]

Wisdom teaches us to focus more on the quality than the quantity of things, and this is so because wisdom is an excellence, a perfection. And this fact transmits the importance of wisdom, because wisdom does not stay in the appearance of things, but goes to the deepest causes, that is why wisdom is capable of giving to men valuable counsel. No matter how many, the master of wisdom Ben Sira taught, but the good is surely always the best, he affirmed; and he left as an example the number of children for a man, and this is so because longevity and peace are far from sinful children: "Do not yearn for worthless children, or rejoice in wicked offspring. Even if they be many, do not rejoice in them if they do not have fear of the LORD. Do not count on long life for them, or have any hope for their future. For one can be better than a thousand; rather die childless than have impious children!" Ben Sira 16:1-3. And then Ben Sira continued and sought to give us a similar teaching, but from another point of view: "Through one wise person a city can be peopled; but through a clan of rebels it becomes desolate" Ben Sira 16:4. The wise man told that a single but sufficiently intelligent man can give life to an entire city, and we see this example in the life of the macedonian Alexander the Great, who having arrived in the land of Egypt founded the city of Alexandria, this famous city eventually became the second most important city in the ancient world after Rome. But the wise man also told us, a large group of perverts, can destroy a city and without saying it directly with this he referred to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah that were destroyed due to the perversion of their inhabitants. In conclusion, better a little but good than a lot but bad.

[personal-reporter]

Formula E e E –Prix 2023 a Roma

La Formula E torna a Roma per l’Hankook E-Prix 2023 nel weekend del 15 e 16 luglio, per la penultima tappa del campionato mondiale delle monoposto elettriche in uno dei circuiti cittadini più lunghi della manifestazione, con  3,3 km per 19 giri complessivi. Inoltre le sfide poste dal tracciato ai piloti sono numerose, per via delle ondulazioni, dei dislivelli, delle superfici irregolari e dei salti, che garantiranno al pubblico sugli spalti e da casa, divertimento, emozioni e sorprese, per una competizione molto seguita dagli appassionati dell’elettrico ad alte prestazioni. Da quando ha fatto il suo debutto al Parco Olimpico di Pechino nel 2014, la Formula E è cresciuta fino a diventare un simbolo di intrattenimento globale, attirando una griglia piena dei migliori piloti e team in circolazione. Giunta alla sua nona stagione, la Formula E vede 22 piloti suddivisi in 11 squadre che rappresentano marchi come Maserati, Jaguar e Porsche. L’ePrix di Roma offrirà inoltre ai cittadini diversi momenti di incontro ed intrattenimento infatti, prima della gara di sabato, il DJ internazionale Jonas Blue,accompagnerà l’arrivo del pubblico con un live set direttamente dal Podio del Rome E-Prix, dalle 13:20 alle 14:05. Per chi avrà il biglietto di ingresso alle tribune, inoltre, c’è la possibilità, prima della gara, di dare un’occhiata ai box auto durante la Pit Lane Walk, con sessione autografi da parte dei piloti. Sarò anche possibile passeggiare, correre o anche ballare, lungo tutto il tracciato tramite i Locals on Track, con meeting point ad ogni curva. La prima generazione di E-Racer aveva una potenza massima di 200 kW, sufficiente per una velocità massima di 225 km/h, mentre l’ultima generazione di racer, la Gen3 può oggi vantare una potenza di ben 350 kW e una velocità massima di 322 km/h. La Formula E ha cambiato il suo modello per la nona stagione del campionato E-Prix, in  precedenza la durata delle gare era di 45 minuti, durante i quali i piloti riuscivano a completare tra i 33 e i 46 giri per ogni gara. A partire dal 2023, la durata della gara di Formula E è determinata dal tempo impiegato dai concorrenti per completare 33 giri. Nei giorni precedenti e successivi alla gara, il quartiere romano  sarà interessato da un programma di lavorazioni per il montaggio e smontaggio del circuito, che comporteranno alcune modifiche dei percorsi delle linee bus, della circolazione e della sosta. Read the full article

[catilinas]

ben jonson, catiline his conspiracy:

CATILINE:

If an oration, or high language, Fathers,

could make my guilty, here is one, hath done it:

H'has strove to emulate this morning's thunder,

with his prodigious rhetoric.

steven saylor, catilina’s riddle:

“If only I would cast lightning bolts, like Jupiter.” He gazed at the back of his hand. “Cicero can—did you know that? Lightning bolts emanate from his fingers. A kind of lightning, anyway. He points at the mob in the Forum; sparks gather at his fingertips and flash into blue flame. He shoots shafts of lightning straight into their eyes and ears, blinding them to the truth, turning them deaf to reason.”

[mask131]

Cold winter: More about Astérix

MORE ABOUT ASTERIX

Freely translated from the “Dictionary of Characters and Figures – from Literature, Opera, Cinema and BD”

Unlike Alix (see below), Astérix the Gaul, created in 1959 by René Goscinny (texts) and Albert Uderzo (drawings), is a strong enemy of Cesar. In a Gaul almost entirely conquered and pacified, he is the last resistant, just like how companion Obélix the menhir-carver. Gifted with a superhuman strength thanks to a magical potion brewed by the druid of his village, Astérix keeps beating up the poor Roman soldiers he meets, much to the despair and powerlessness of the latter. The lack of drama of the story (since the heroes are invincible) is compensated by a strong caricature and pastiche of the habits and mores of modern France.

The impressive number of translations of the work (one was even done in Latin!) and the numerous attempts at studying the “Astérix phenomenon” prove the enormous success of this little grumpy but sympathetic man, and his oafish sidekick. Interestingly their audience is mostly found among the adults, since the kids tend to not understand the wordplays, Easter eggs and the verbal creativity of the authors. As for the History with a big H, she is constantly wrecked with delicious anachronisms.

- - - - - -

As a note, I want to insist that this Dictionary was published in 1981, so its info and point of view are a bit old – notably, the “Asterix and Obelix” phenomenon was barely twenty years old at this point, unlike today’s whooping sixty years old. It is especially telling that, at this point in history, the writers of the Dictionary assumed that it was ultimately a series more for adults than children – when the series was created precisely for children, and was then re-classed later as a “children thing”. As I told you in my main post about it, the “Asterix” series was precisely aimed at both adults and kids, and this actually confused people for a long time as they weren’t used to have a series that aimed to have an all-age audience.

As for the reference to “Alix”, it is another famous character of the Franco-Belgian BD world. Here is his article:

Alix

Created in 1948 by Jacques Martin, the character of Alix found a huge success in the Tintin Newspaper before getting its own separate series. A young Gaul contemporary of Julius Caesar, Alix was taken as a slave in Asia Minor. Escaping his condition thanks to fights between the Parthians and the Romans, he becomes one of the leaders of the Gaulish opposition against Caesar. However the defeat of Vercingetorix teaches him that the wisest course of action would be to collaborate with the Roman invader – and so, alongside his faithful companion Enak, Alix will start travelling throughout the ancient world as Caesar’s secret agent, and become a prime character in Caesar’s political feuds against Pompey.

The main strengths of this story are its originality, its very detailed art style and its faithful historical reconstruction. A mix of Tintin and Ben Hur, Alix and Enak defend Rome’s imperialism, but with some nuances. In his very last adventure, the young warrior seems to have grown up as he becomes quite attracted by the opposite gender.

[Note: The last note of the Dictionary’s article is actually a nod to something that happened in the world of the Franco-Belgian BD. We had a censorship authority over bande-dessinées, a censorship code quite similar to the one that fell upon American comic books in the 50s. As a result, all mentions of sexuality, but also of love and romance were banned – sometimes even going as far as to remove all female characters that weren’t children or clearly unattractive. As a result, most of the stories were either about children too young for romance or single characters bordering on the asexual and aromantic. It was only after some decades that romance was allowed back into the BDs – hence why in the 80s it is noted that suddenly Alix seems to have gone through some late “puberty” as he now starts to feel attraction for girls after years and years of no-romance adventures].

[littledevilsalai]

Sources & Resources

Bibliography

Isaacson, Walter (2017). Leonardo da Vinci. New York: Simon & Schuster

Lacombe, Benjamin and Echegoyan, Paul (2015). Leonardo & Salaì. Berlin: Verlagshaus Jacoby & Stuart

Lewis, Ben (2019). The last Leonardo: the secret lives of the world’s most expensive painting. New York: Random House Publishing.

Nicholl, Charles (2004). Leonardo da Vinci: flights of the mind. New York: Viking Penguin Books

Richter, Jean Paul (1883). The literary works of Leonardo Da Vinci, vols. 1 & 2. London: S. Low, Searle & Rivington. Digitized by Getty Research Institute.

Stiles, Raymond Somers (1970). The sublimations of Leonardo da Vinci, with a translation of the Codex Trivulzianus. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press

Suh, H. Anna, ed. (2005). Leonardo’s notebooks: writing and art of the great master. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc.

Turner, Jane, ed. (2006) Benezit Dictionary of Artists.Paris: Éditions Gründ

Wasserman, Jack (1970). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Vol. 19, “Gian Giacomo Caprotti”). Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana - Volume 19 (1976)

Zecchini, Maurizio (2013). Leonardo da Vinci and Gian Giacomo Caprotti called Salaì: the enigma of a painting. Venice: Marsilio Editori

Resource & Article Links

http://monalisa.org/2012/09/08/the-travel-journal-of-antonio-de-beatis

http://monalisa.org/the-earlier-version/provenance-2/

https://tourdetravoy.wordpress.com/2020/08/26/investigating-the-route-leonardo-da-vinci-may-have-used-to-travel-from-rome-in-italy-to-amboise-in-france-in-1516/

https://pushkinmuseum.art/data/fonds/europe_and_america/j/1001_2000/zh_2667/index.php

https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci-a-life-in-drawing/walker-art-gallery-liverpool/the-head-of-a-youth-in-profile

http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2007/important-old-master-paintings-and-european-works-of-art-n08282/lot.34.html

https://intro819.wordpress.com/2017/11/12/chiaroscuro-a-study-of-light-and-darkness-as-fact-and-fiction-in-conceiving-vertigos-the-private-lives-of-leonardo-da-vinci/

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/16/the-secret-lives-of-leonardo-da-vinci

https://www.finestresullarte.info/opere-e-artisti/salai-gian-giacomo-caprotti-allievo-ladro-e-bugiardo-di-leonardo-da-vinci

http://monalisa.org/2013/03/19/salai-and-the-two-paintings/

https://www.artmarketmonitor.com/2020/10/30/rare-penitent-magdelene-by-leonardo-disciple-to-sell-in-paris/

https://en.ivankrutoyarov.com/2013/02/mona-lisa-copies.html

https://www.fromoldbooks.org/Richter-NotebooksOfLeonardo/