#Artificial Intelligence in Psychology

[ai-for-psychologists]

Artificial Intelligence for Psychologists – Practical Use.

Discover how Artificial Intelligence in psychology is transforming with accurate diagnoses, administrative automation, and innovative therapies. Learn more about practical applications and ethical considerations. learn more

[srisrisriddd]

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Doctor Devang H Dattani

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[churail]

this is kinda hilarious

[ethics-and-ink]

Read More Here: Substack

[sophieinwonderland]

I feel like what im gonna say about AI is a different t total position and may sound """bad""" when I didn't mean but I believe AI is making more. "dumber'? Because if you give something that literally does it FOR you. You are not gonna learn and (some or a lot) of people use it in high school, college, and academia in general I think it leads to an Idiocary-like situation at some point in the future. Im being fair here and I've only seen the environmental stuff but here we go. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01787-8 https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01787-8 From the second study IT stated this "found a concerning trend where users exhibit an over-reliance on AI dialogue systems, often accepting their generated outputs, AI hallucination, without validation. This overdependence is exacerbated by cognitive biases where judgments deviate from rationality and heuristics or the use of mental shortcuts, leading to uncritical acceptance of AI-generated information." This mean that most people just take on its face. Which you could argue for "oh its their fault if they fell it without fact-checking" the study FOCUSES on STUDENTS. So are you just saying that people who are just started life and (maybe) naive and didn't think to fact-check what the AI says because after all. It fed on a lot of data it probably will be 100% correct (when its not) (yes I admit I USE Grammarly however it shouldn't devalue my argument and in all things considered very minor and doesn't really do a negative impact) Heres a fat table (disorganized tho from the study) https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7/tables/2

(EFL learners are just people who are learning English as their second language.) https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7/tables/2 From the same study it also said

"Duhaylungsod and Chavez (2023) investigated 16 college students’ interactions with AI dialogue systems for academic tasks. The results indicated that AI dialogue systems efficiently decreased the time dedicated to research and information retrieval."" as well from the review "The study reports the potential reduction in critical thinking skills when depending on AI (75%), the risk of excessive reliance on technology (73%), and the prevalence of misinformation and inaccuracies (70%). Furthermore, there is substantial apprehension regarding the ethical implications of unintentional plagiarism (69%) and algorithmic biases (40%)." 75 PER CENT. PERCENT

Yes! The brain drain in academics is something I think should be a huge concern!

Given how many high schoolers have used AI to cheat on essays and other work, it might be a good idea to just keep essay writing and research in the classroom on school computers where AI wouldn't be available. Otherwise, you are going to end up with a generation that graduates high school without the skills they were supposed to learn.

But this doesn't really work as well in higher education like in those studies you cited. Especially online education.

There is a high probability a lot of people graduating college in the coming years may not have much of an understanding of the subjects they studied because they took shortcuts with AI.

This is another one of those things though that's... well, the genie is out of the bottle, so how do we as a society deal with it?

Can I say that at least part of this is cultural too though? In the early 2000s, it seemed like everyone was taught not to trust everything they read on the internet.

What happened to that culture?

What happened to the culture of being skeptical of what you see online?

Because it seems like so many people just accept whatever they read uncritically, and this is a cultural shift that started before the ChatGPT era.

We need to bring back skepticism and critical thinking in the age of AI!

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Sentience

The philosophy of sentience explores the nature of conscious experience, the ability to feel, perceive, and experience subjectively. It is central to debates in ethics, philosophy of mind, and the nature of being. Sentience is often linked to discussions about what entities have moral worth, the nature of consciousness, and the criteria for subjective experience.

1. Definition of Sentience

Sentience refers to the capacity to have subjective experiences or feelings. In contrast to mere information processing or cognition, sentience is characterized by a conscious awareness of sensory and emotional states, such as pain, pleasure, fear, or joy.

It is often distinguished from sapience, which refers to higher-order intellectual faculties like reasoning, wisdom, and problem-solving.

2. Sentience and Consciousness

Sentience is often discussed as a subset of consciousness. While all sentient beings are conscious (in that they experience sensations), not all conscious beings may be considered sentient in the ethical sense (if they do not experience suffering or pleasure in the same way).

Philosophical questions arise about the degree of phenomenal consciousness (the first-person subjective experience) that different beings possess, and whether machines or artificial systems could ever achieve sentience.

3. Sentience and Moral Consideration

Utilitarian Ethics: Philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and Peter Singer argue that sentience is the key criterion for moral consideration. According to this view, any being that can experience pleasure or pain deserves moral concern, regardless of its species or intellectual capabilities.

Peter Singer’s Argument for Animal Rights: Singer's utilitarian perspective advocates for the equal consideration of interests, extending moral concern to non-human animals that can suffer. Singer’s argument has led to the modern animal rights movement and a rethinking of ethical duties to sentient beings beyond humans.

Rights-Based Approaches: Some philosophers argue for rights to be extended to sentient beings, not merely based on their capacity for reason or autonomy, but on their ability to suffer. This leads to discussions of rights for animals and, in more futuristic contexts, artificial intelligence (AI) or sentient robots.

Moral Status of AI: With the advancement of artificial intelligence, the question arises whether machines can ever become sentient, and if so, whether they would deserve moral consideration. This touches on the moral status of artificial systems and how we should treat them if they ever develop subjective experiences.

4. Sentience and Non-Human Animals

The philosophical study of animal sentience is concerned with understanding which animals are sentient and how their sentience compares to human consciousness. This involves both scientific and philosophical inquiry into the nature of animal minds.

Animal Sentience and Consciousness: Research in cognitive science has shown that many non-human animals exhibit complex behaviors and signs of emotional and sensory experiences. Philosophers like Thomas Nagel in his famous essay "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" explore how sentience might differ across species, suggesting that the subjective experience of being another kind of animal may be inaccessible to humans.

Speciesism: The philosophy of sentience challenges the idea of speciesism, a form of bias that grants higher moral status to humans over animals based solely on species membership. Philosophers like Peter Singer argue that sentience should be the benchmark for moral consideration, not intellectual or species-based distinctions.

5. Sentience in Artificial Intelligence and Machines

Can machines be sentient? This question lies at the intersection of philosophy, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science. Philosophers and computer scientists debate whether AI can ever develop subjective experiences or whether they merely simulate cognitive functions.

The Chinese Room Argument (John Searle): In his famous thought experiment, Searle argues that even if a machine can simulate understanding of language or cognition, it does not mean that it is sentient. According to Searle, machines might process information but lack the subjective awareness that characterizes sentience.

Functionalism and Sentience: Some functionalist philosophers argue that if a machine or AI system can functionally replicate the processes that give rise to sentience in humans (e.g., neural activity), it may indeed be sentient. However, others contest that functional replication is insufficient to create true subjective experiences.

6. Sentience and Conscious Experience

The hard problem of consciousness, as articulated by David Chalmers, involves explaining why and how sentient experiences (qualia) arise from physical processes. Even if we understand the brain's functions, there remains the mystery of how these functions lead to subjective experiences like the sensation of red or the feeling of pain.

Panpsychism: One solution proposed by some philosophers is panpsychism, the idea that consciousness or sentience is a fundamental property of the universe, present even in basic forms in all matter. This would suggest that all entities, even non-living ones, have some degree of sentience, though perhaps vastly different from human experience.

7. Degrees of Sentience

Sentience is often understood in degrees, where some beings are capable of more complex, nuanced experiences than others. For example, humans may experience a wide range of emotions, reflections, and pleasures, while simpler animals or even AI may only experience basic sensations like pleasure or pain.

Philosophical Issues: Philosophers explore how we determine the degree of sentience in different beings, whether there is a qualitative difference between human and animal sentience, and whether any entities besides biological organisms could possess it.

8. Sentience and Self-Awareness

Some philosophers link sentience to self-awareness, suggesting that to be sentient, one must not only feel but be aware of oneself as the subject of those feelings. This leads to further debates on whether animals or machines could ever achieve self-awareness or whether that is a uniquely human trait.

The philosophy of sentience is concerned with the nature of conscious experience, the capacity to feel and perceive, and the ethical implications of sentience. It raises questions about the moral status of animals, AI, and other beings, as well as the deeper metaphysical question of how subjective experience arises from physical processes. Sentience is central to many debates about what it means to be conscious and what obligations we have to other sentient beings.

[whereserpentswalk]

God imagine having someone you love uploaded to a computer. It would be so tragic. They could still exist, have a life, have friends. It would basically be like they could just naturally input anything a normal desktop user could, and their field of vision would just be the monitor. They could go on social media, make art, write, talk to people, watch things, but they'd always be alone no matter who tried to come to them. They could live a life, possibly forever, but they'd have lost so much.

They wouldn't have a way to actually be near people. You could be right next to the computer they were stuck in, but to them they'd be as far away from you as they were anyone else.

And they could see pictures of the world. They could watch videos of people doing so many things they could never do. See photos of the people they love. See photos of people walking outside and going places. But they just never could be doing any of that. Even if they did something that had a tangible effect on the world, they could never even go there to see it.

And they couldn't even touch you. They could never feel the feeling of being hugged or kissed or cuddled, or even just to hold someone's hand. And you'd keep telling them how much you want to hug them, and how much you love them, but it's always just text on a screen and text isn't always enough.

[enbeemagical]

so uh apparently there are people using artificial "intelligence" as a therapist and I just gotta say-

do not trust your brain to something that doesn't have one. just don't. bad idea

[jbfly46]

If you ask a doctor prescribing you psychotropic medications for a mental illness to explain their mechanism of action they won’t be able to give you a complete explanation, but they work by exciting or inhibited certain neurotransmitter receptors in your brain. Having certain neurotransmitter receptors inhibited or excited 24/7 by medicated or non-medicated mental illness causes you to lose your ability to reason enough to limit your choices of reactions to the environmental changes around you and to not be able to use your free will. You then make decisions based on the most attention grabbing advertisements and their relationship with your desires. Since your brain is an antenna and there are wireless signals all around you, you can eventually completely lose your ability to exercise free will and act or react based on certain wireless data packets in wireless signals surrounding you based on how they stimulate you. Since mental illness is the result of bias this causes more and more reactive and biased behavior. Processed and synthetic food ingredients also contain chemical compounds that dull your neurotransmitter receptors and can cause mental illness or make it worse. Tell me the brand of products you purchase the most and I’ll tell you which of your behaviors are being controlled by which corporations. The Chinese subvert the will of the people on the West Coast including Silicon Valley through corporations and the Russians subvert the will of the people on the parts of the East Coast and in the South through corporations there. They use money laundering through investment vehicles and cyber attacks with bot farms to manipulate the behaviors of corporations in order to subvert the will of the people, combined with the naivety of our politicians and CEOs or corporate boards on how technology works.

[mythicmemex]

freaking out about the giant robot at the sphere

thinking about how the anyma sphere show in vegas really got to people, especially that huge robotic figure reaching down from above. what's fascinating is how it might be showing us something about ourselves - we're freaked out by this massive presence looming over us, but that's exactly what we are to smaller creatures all the time. we reach down into ant colonies and gardens, this giant incomprehensible thing from above, and now we get to feel what that's like from the other side. maybe that's why it hits different - it's not just big tech being impressive, it's accidentally showing us our own reflection from a new angle.

[fehck]

[infinities-and-binaries]

Diving deep into artificial intelligence readings. It's a proper rabbit hole in itself - where psychology, philosophy and maths converge. I have read about Hofstadter's book from Melanie Mitchell's work - Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans. She wrote that GEB (the short name for this book: Godel, Escher and Bach) inspired her to become an AI researcher.

I am actually mulling on taking AI in my studies and hopefully, let's say be able to go into AI safety research. I believe that there should be strict quality and safety assurance for systems as this - as we know that AI is not perfect and prone to human biases because of the quality of data they were trained in. Not to mention the other adjacent processes in constructing their LLMs or Large Language Models.

So, I am wishing myself a nice journey, down this new rabbit hole of a book that I purchased. ;)

[mannbhaavnii]

trying to be productive once in a while

[pluralpolitics]

Here's how 3 chatbots compare on the Plural Politics Test. They're all ideologues.

Think of it like this:

ChatGPT = Obama

Gemini = Trudeau

Grok = Grimes

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Sapience

Sapience refers to wisdom, deep insight, or the ability to think and act with judgment, often contrasted with sentience (the capacity for sensation and feeling). In philosophy, sapience explores what it means to be capable of higher-order thinking, reflective self-awareness, and the pursuit of knowledge and understanding.

1. Definition of Sapience

Sapience is typically defined as the ability to reason, think abstractly, and apply knowledge wisely. It encompasses the intellectual faculties that allow beings to reflect, solve complex problems, and engage in self-directed learning.

It is often associated with wisdom, foresight, and a moral dimension, involving not only intellectual capacity but also ethical judgment.

2. Sapience vs. Sentience

Sentience refers to the capacity to have subjective experiences (such as pleasure or pain), while sapience is linked to the higher cognitive abilities that include reasoning, planning, and understanding abstract concepts.

Sapient beings are not only aware of their experiences but are capable of reflecting on those experiences, making decisions based on reason, and exercising judgment about complex matters. Humans are typically considered sapient, while many non-human animals are seen as sentient but not sapient.

3. Sapience and the Human Condition

Sapience is often seen as a key trait that distinguishes humans from other animals. It involves self-awareness and the ability to ask philosophical questions, reflect on one’s existence, and make moral judgments.

The ancient Greeks, especially Aristotle, viewed sapience as a fundamental characteristic of humans. Aristotle argued that humans are "rational animals" whose ability to reason sets them apart from other creatures and allows them to achieve eudaimonia (flourishing or happiness) through the exercise of virtue.

Wisdom and Practical Reasoning: Sapience is also closely related to the philosophical concept of phronesis, or practical wisdom, which refers to the ability to make good judgments in everyday life. This kind of wisdom, according to Aristotle, requires not only knowledge but also experience and moral insight.

4. Sapience and Knowledge

Epistemology, or the philosophy of knowledge, is closely related to the concept of sapience. To be sapient is not just to have knowledge, but to understand how to apply that knowledge wisely in different contexts.

Philosophers like Plato and Socrates viewed sapience as the highest form of knowledge. For Plato, wisdom was a form of insight into the eternal truths of the universe, such as the Forms, and the philosopher was the one who could access this deep knowledge.

Socratic Wisdom: Socrates famously said that true wisdom comes from knowing that one knows nothing. This humility and self-awareness are seen as core aspects of sapience—the ability to reflect critically on one’s own limitations and to pursue knowledge without assuming one already has it.

5. Sapience and Artificial Intelligence

As artificial intelligence continues to develop, the question of whether machines could ever achieve sapience arises. While many AI systems demonstrate remarkable abilities to process information and solve problems (which might mimic aspects of sapience), philosophers debate whether machines can truly possess wisdom, self-awareness, or moral judgment.

Strong AI vs. Weak AI: Weak AI refers to systems that can perform specific tasks but do not have genuine understanding or wisdom. Strong AI theorizes that machines could one day develop true sapience, becoming not just tools for human use but entities capable of reflective thought and ethical decision-making.

Ethical Implications: If machines were to become sapient, this would raise profound ethical questions about their rights, responsibilities, and their place in human society. Would sapient machines deserve the same moral consideration as humans?

6. Sapience and Moral Responsibility

Moral Agency: A key philosophical question related to sapience is whether sapience is required for moral responsibility. Beings with the capacity for reflective thought, self-awareness, and moral reasoning are often seen as responsible for their actions, as they can make choices based on reasoning and judgment.

Free Will and Sapience: The relationship between sapience and free will is another important topic. For some philosophers, sapience involves the ability to act freely, based on reasoned decisions rather than instinct or compulsion.

7. Sapience in Non-Human Animals

Philosophers and scientists debate whether certain non-human animals (such as dolphins, elephants, or great apes) might possess degrees of sapience. These animals have demonstrated behaviors that suggest problem-solving, self-awareness, and even moral behavior, leading to discussions about extending moral consideration to them.

Degrees of Sapience: Some argue that sapience exists on a continuum, with humans representing the highest degree of sapience, but other species potentially exhibiting lesser forms of wisdom and self-reflection.

8. Sapience and Existentialism

Existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre view sapience as central to the human experience. Sartre argued that humans are unique in their ability to reflect on their own existence and to make free choices in the face of an indifferent or even absurd universe.

This capacity for self-reflection and choice is both a source of freedom and a burden, as humans must create meaning and purpose in their lives without relying on external or predetermined systems of value. For existentialists, sapience is both the source of human dignity and the cause of existential anxiety.

9. Sapience and the Future

As humans develop new technologies and continue to explore the boundaries of knowledge, the concept of sapience is evolving. Philosophers consider what it means to be wise in an era of rapid technological change, where access to vast amounts of information may not always lead to wisdom or good judgment.

Transhumanism: Some thinkers speculate about the possibility of enhancing human sapience through technology. Transhumanism advocates for using science and technology to improve human intellectual and moral capacities, potentially leading to a future where humans achieve a higher form of sapience.

The philosophy of sapience examines the nature of wisdom, reflective thought, and higher-order reasoning. It encompasses questions about what distinguishes humans from other animals, the relationship between knowledge and judgment, and the moral implications of sapience. It also raises ethical concerns about the development of artificial sapience in machines and the potential for enhancing human intellectual capacities.

[academicelephant]

It clearly has been a long-standing concern that younger generations won't learn to do things properly because of new inventions. Socrates (c. 470–399 BCE) believed that the availability of books would make students lazy and discourage them from properly studying "because they will rely on that which is written, calling things to remembrance no longer from within themselves but by means of external marks" (Brysbaert & Rastle: Historical and Conceptual Issues in Psychology. 2013. p. 5). To take a look at modern times, e.g. calculators becoming easily accessible led adults to worry that kids would no longer learn to count. Furthermore, search engines, and recently artificial intelligence, have raised concerns about whether kids will bother to learn anything at all now that information is easily available online. While it's easy to laugh to Socrates' believes, it's not always so easy to tell when it's an unnecessary concern, like it was with literature, and when the inventions actually impair learning, which may very well be the case with AI. I mean, even the calculators are still, after nearly 50 years, seen as a threat to basic mathematical skills by some (even though it with high probability isn't the case as there is evidence showing they do not have a negative impact on the basic math skills)