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mariacallous · 1 year ago

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In an extremely online age, insulting foreign governments is a superhighway to fame and notoriety. Turkey President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban have already proved handy tools for such provocateurs. Those autocrats’ skin, though, seems positively rhino-like compared with what may be coming our way from China. Planned new legislation will make it illegal to offend “the Chinese national spirit” or hurt “the feelings of the Chinese people.” The proposed legislation is a recipe for diplomatic disputes with the West—especially in a social media culture where provocation has become a course for fame.

2023 has already been the year of the foreign policy-focused provocateur, who has gone straight for the ego of overseas leaders. At the beginning of the year, Sweden—where nothing less than accession to NATO is at stake—turned out to be a perfect staging ground for Danish agitator Rasmus Paludan, who realized he could get massive attention by burning a Quran just as Erdogan was weighing how to view the Swedish NATO application.

The same set of circumstances also made Sweden a perfect staging ground for pro-Kurdish activists, whose protests—including hanging an effigy of Erdogan in front of Stockholm City Hall—got vastly more attention than pro-Kurdish protests can ordinarily hope to get. Iraqi refugee Salwan Momika, an unknown until earlier this year, has become an international household name and generated TikTok income by burning Qurans in Stockholm—thus harming Sweden’s NATO application and its relations with Muslim countries.

Swedish opposition politicians, meanwhile, have used Orban in demagoguery, comparing Sweden’s peaceful prime minister, Ulf Kristersson, to the Hungarian strongman. This has so angered the Hungarian government that it threatens to derail Sweden’s NATO accession even more. And in Japan, an American named Ramsey Khalid Ismael, aka Johnny Somali, has made trespassing and being arrested a performance for social media.

Enter Chinese President Xi Jinping. In late August, China’s rubber-stamp parliament discussed draft amendments to the Public Security Administration Law, which would ban behavior, clothing, and speech that offend the Chinese people or government. Offenders risk a fine of 5,000 yuan (about $685) or up to 15 days in prison—but the proposed amendments don’t specify offensive actions, words, or clothing. That’s much like China’s recently amended espionage law, which covers all “documents, data, materials, and items related to national security and interests” but doesn’t define national security and interests.

The move wasn’t directed at foreigners; instead, it seems to have been a reaction to a series of nationalist temper tantrums online about people wearing traditional Japanese clothes and other perceived offenses. Its sloppiness prompted immediate pushback on the Chinese internet, with even nationalists and conservatives condemning the law. That doesn’t mean it won’t eventually pass—under Xi, China has added more layers of legal constraint every year. “The CCP [Chinese Communist Party] can always decide on its own what you can do and not do—they don’t need a law for it,” noted Oscar Almén, a China analyst at the Swedish Defence Research Agency. “With this planned legislation, there’s the expectation that authorities should be proactive.” And Alicia Hennig, a China specialist and interim professor at the Technical University of Dresden, told me that “if the proposed changes to China’s public security law are enacted into law, they will also affect the foreign communities still in China, including expatriates, students, and even foreign visitors.” She added: “A fine of 5,000 RMB or up to 15 days’ imprisonment for a statement or action is not trivial. But what actually constitutes this crime is far from well defined. It is essentially another catch-all phrase that allows the government to punish people arbitrarily.”

While working as an academic in China several years ago, Hennig conducted interviews with expats and found that “people were already very cautious, turning off their phones altogether even when topics were not highly critical. What happens when cameras, ubiquitous in major Chinese cities, listen in even when phones are switched off? What happens when students have a more critical conversation in one of Shanghai’s bars? Or when a foreign tourist snaps at a waitress? These changes will only increase the feeling of being constantly watched—of being part of the CCP’s panopticum.”

Enter Western provocateurs and adventurers. If you have the mindset of a Rasmus Paludan, you’re willing to cause harm simply to gain fame or notoriety. And you can gain even more fame by taking your stunts to a dangerous realm, all in the safe knowledge that your home country will move mountains to rescue you if you get into trouble. China’s planned legislative amendment, in fact, creates a new and tantalizing opportunity for thrill-seekers to expose themselves to a bit of geopolitically infused harm without having to be very creative.

All you need to do is walk the streets of, say, Beijing wearing clothing the police deem offensive. Why would anyone expose themselves to such risk? you may ask. Just remember Miles Routledge, the 22-year-old Briton who traveled to Afghanistan “on vacation” during the evacuation two years ago and secured a prized spot on an evacuation flight, broadcasting it all on social media. He then returned this year and was captured by the Taliban, leaving U.K. diplomats with another case to try to resolve. Or consider the unfortunate case of Otto Warmbier, who in December 2015 traveled to North Korea, where he was arrested after allegedly stealing a propaganda poster. The U.S. government made extraordinary efforts to get him back—and succeeded, only to discover upon receiving the student that he was close to death. And this week, two months after sprinting into the country, U.S. Army Pvt. Travis King was released by North Korea—the result of massive diplomatic efforts involving not just the United States but Sweden and China as well.

Today, such prospects matter in China, too, because in the past few years China and its fellow great power Russia have joined countries, such as Iran and North Korea, that are not embarrassed to use Western citizens for geopolitical purposes. Iran has seized not just a host of dual nationals on espionage charges but also some foreigners, including Swedish European Union official Johan Floderus, who went to Iran as a tourist last spring and is approaching 530 days in captivity. The two Michaels, Canadian citizens detained by China when Canada arrested Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou on a U.S. arrest warrant; the basketball player Brittney Griner; and the reporter Evan Gershkovich are hardly the only Westerners seized by Russia or China on flimsy charges. Western citizens, for their part, are so accustomed to globe-spanning travel that many eagerly keep turning up in increasingly hostile or dangerous countries. And today, doing so means they risk creating foreign-policy dilemmas for their home countries.

Of course, Chinese law has always provided any excuse to arrest people, from hazy charges of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble” to jumped-up claims of espionage. But the new atmosphere creates even greater potential for a feedback loop between potential provocateurs, angry home audiences, and authorities looking to build their own nationalist credentials. Combine that with the post-COVID resumption of air travel to China and the opportunity to gain fame and social media revenues through ill-considered stunts and you could see why provocateurs may soon be booking flights to Beijing or Shanghai.

In addition to thrill-seekers, there are, of course, also ordinary Westerners who may have no intention of hurting “the feelings of the Chinese people” and will definitely not wear any Winnie the Pooh merch. Even they, though, could discover they’ve committed an offense only when they’re charged with it. The proposed legislation is certain to create never-ending foreign-policy headaches for Western countries, which adds to the dilemmas created by China’s amended espionage legislation.

Given such developments, it’s good news that Western tourism to China has slumped in recent years: In the first quarter of 2023, 52,000 people visited China on overseas trips organized by travel agencies, down from 3.7 million during the first quarter of 2019. But under the proposed legislation, every one of them—and every Westerner who otherwise visits China or lives there—is at risk of arrest. With China often making extraterritorial use of its laws, the offense amendment could even be used against visitors who have committed allegedly offensive acts while abroad. And, Almén noted, for the same reason it would put Chinese citizens living abroad in even greater peril, as China applies its laws to them regardless of their whereabouts. And their home governments are already overstretched trying to find an equilibrium with Russia and China and a modus operandi with Saudi Arabia and other rising powers, creating better relations with India, helping their companies to friendshore, and assisting Ukraine, not to mention tackling climate change.

COVID-19 already struck a blow to the freedom to travel, and the growing dangers of speaking freely—or provocatively—in many parts of the world may do more damage. The U.S. government already advises citizens to “reconsider” travel to China, but large European countries issue no such specific instructions, and no Western countries ban citizens from traveling to the country. North Korea is in the U.S. State Department’s Do Not Travel category. Such strong warnings may become inevitable for China. “We can’t always rely on our embassies to support us,” Hennig said. “I have learned from personal experience that the consulate of my home country was unable to help me when I had problems with my employer, a Chinese university. Another thing I have learned is that when you’re in China, it is better to keep your mouth shut. Today, however, it seems increasingly necessary to understand our own personal risks before traveling to China, whether as an expat, a student, or a tourist.” Ordinary Westerners’ reluctance to spend time in China under such circumstances may not be bad news for Beijing, Almén told me. “This is just the latest law making it more difficult for foreigners to go to China and interact with people. Considering such a law demonstrates how insecure the regime feels. And limiting Westerners’ interaction with Chinese citizens may also be what the Chinese government wants,” he said.

To be sure, China remains a crucial trading partner, and those involved in business or other essential work there should clearly be able to enter the country and expect consular support in emergencies. Those wishing to visit the country for less essential reasons, though, should have to sign a waiver declaring they’re aware of the dangers and won’t expect consular support. Today, geopolitics is so sensitive that there’s no place in it for pranksters, not even accidental ones.

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daimonclub · 2 days ago

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Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving Day Parade Thanksgiving Day, history, quotes and typical food. In the United States it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year and marks the beginning of the holiday season. Thanksgiving Day for the year 2024 is celebrated/observed on Thursday, November 28th. Thanksgiving Day in the United States is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year. Traditionally it is a time to give thanks for all the sacrifice and hard work done for the harvest. In modern times people take time off work (4 day weekend starting Thursday) and spend time with family and friends over a large feast held on Thanksgiving Day. It has been an unchallengeable American doctrine that cranberry sauce, a pink goo with overtones of sugared tomatoes, is a delectable necessity of the Thanksgiving board and that turkey is uneatable without it. There are some things in every country that you must be born to endure; and another hundred years of general satisfaction with Americans and America could not reconcile this expatriate to cranberry sauce, peanut butter, and drum majorettes. Alistair Cooke (1908-2004, British broadcaster, journalist) It is when we stop thinking about what we don't have or what we lack, and become grateful for who we are, that we can gain access to true unlimited inspiration. Frank Arrigazzi A lot of Thanksgiving days have been ruined by not carving the turkey in the kitchen. Kin Hubbard (1868-1930, American humorist, journalist) On Thanksgiving Day, all over America, families sit down to dinner at the same moment - half-time. Author Unknown Be thankful for what you have; you'll end up having more. If you concentrate on what you don't have, you will never, ever have enough. Oprah Winfrey Now is no time to think of what you do not have. Think of what you can do with what there is. Ernest Hemingway Thanksgiving marks the beginning of the holiday season, and represents food, family and moments of sharing and professing gratitude. Sarah Moore Our rural ancestors, with little blest, Patient of labour when the end was rest, Indulged the day that housed their annual grain, With feasts, and off'rings, and a thankful strain. Alexander Pope Thanksgiving is a time to give, a time to love, and a time to reflect on the things that matter most in life. Danielle Duckery

Thanksgiving Day, History, Celebration, Food and Quotes I am grateful for what I am and have. My thanksgiving is perpetual. Henry David Thoreau Gratitude is not only the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others. Marcus Tullius Cicero What we're really talking about is a wonderful day set aside on the fourth Thursday of November when no one diets. I mean, why else would they call it Thanksgiving? Erma Bombeck Thanksgiving Day is an annual national holiday in the United States and Canada celebrating the harvest and other blessings of the past year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Americans generally believe that their Thanksgiving is modeled on a 1621 harvest feast shared by the English colonists (Pilgrims) of Plymouth and the Wampanoag people. The American holiday is particularly rich in legend and symbolism, and the traditional fare of the Thanksgiving meal typically includes turkey, bread stuffing, potatoes, cranberries, and pumpkin pie. With respect to vehicular travel, the holiday is often the busiest of the year, as family members gather with one another. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well. In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became important during the English Reformation in the reign of Henry VIII and in reaction to the large number of religious holidays on the Catholic calendar. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, when people were required to attend church and forego work and sometimes pay for expensive celebrations. The 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of special providence. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving. For example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and following the deliverance of Queen Anne in 1705. An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. Plymouth’s Thanksgiving began with a few colonists going out “fowling,” possibly for turkeys but more probably for the easier prey of geese and ducks, since they “in one day killed as much as…served the company almost a week. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating “Thanksgivings,” days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought. The U.S. Continental Congress proclaimed a national Thanksgiving upon the enactment of the Constitution, for example.

Thanksgiving Day Turkey Yet, after 1798, the new U.S. Congress left Thanksgiving declarations to the states; some objected to the national government’s involvement in a religious observance, Southerners were slow to adopt a New England custom, and others took offense over the day’s being used to hold partisan speeches and parades. A national Thanksgiving Day seemed more like a lightning rod for controversy than a unifying force. In the United States, the modern Thanksgiving holiday tradition is traced to a sparsely documented 1621 celebration at Plymouth in present-day Massachusetts, and also to a well recorded 1619 event in Virginia. The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest. Pilgrims and Puritans who began emigrating from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. The 1619 arrival of 38 English settlers at Berkeley Hundred in Charles City County, Virginia, concluded with a religious celebration as dictated by the group's charter from the London Company, which specifically required "that the day of our ships arrival at the place assigned ... in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." Thanksgiving Day did not become an official holiday until Northerners dominated the federal government. While sectional tensions prevailed in the mid-19th century, the editor of the popular magazine Godey’s Lady’s Book, Sarah Josepha Hale, campaigned for a national Thanksgiving Day to promote unity. She finally won the support of President Abraham Lincoln. On October 3, 1863, during the Civil War, Lincoln proclaimed a national day of thanksgiving to be celebrated on Thursday, November 26. The holiday was annually proclaimed by every president thereafter, and the date chosen, with few exceptions, was the last Thursday in November. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, however, attempted to extend the Christmas shopping season, which generally begins with the Thanksgiving holiday, and to boost the economy by moving the date back a week, to the third week in November. But not all states complied, and, after a joint resolution of Congress in 1941, Roosevelt issued a proclamation in 1942 designating the fourth Thursday in November (which is not always the last Thursday) as Thanksgiving Day. As the country became more urban and family members began to live farther apart, Thanksgiving became a time to gather together. The holiday moved away from its religious roots to allow immigrants of every background to participate in a common tradition. Thanksgiving Day football games, beginning with Yale versus Princeton in 1876, enabled fans to add some rowdiness to the holiday. In the late 1800s parades of costumed revelers became common. In 1920 Gimbel’s department store in Philadelphia staged a parade of about 50 people with Santa Claus at the rear of the procession. Since 1924 the annual Macy’s parade in New York City has continued the tradition, with huge balloons since 1927. The holiday associated with Pilgrims and Native Americans has come to symbolize intercultural peace, America’s opportunity for newcomers, and the sanctity of home and family.

Thanksgiving Day Celebration In Canada the origins of Thanksgiving are sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the indigenous peoples of the area. In 1879 Parliament established a national Thanksgiving Day on November 6; the date has varied over the years. Since 1957 Thanksgiving Day has been celebrated in Canada on the second Monday in October. Thanksgiving is generally not celebrated in Australia. However, on the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre-World War II American observance on the last Thursday of the month. This means the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or six days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships. As millions in the US engage in the annual Thanksgiving day traditions of eating and shopping, it's worth remembering that not everyone celebrates the event. Back in 2015 a group of Native Americans revealed how they feel about the holiday in a series of powerful videos. Among the words they used were “sadness”, “slaughter” and “lies”. Asked about Columbus, people were invariably negative and dismissive. Most of the reactions were negative, with some referring to Thanksgiving as "a slaughter", and most saying the term redskin was racist. Some of those who took part cursed or raised a finger in anger. One termed the explorer “the first terrorist in America”. “It always was weird to me to have that day off in celebration of somebody, like, we don't have a day for Hitler, but it’s the same thing,” said one participant. Others said they were bewildered that he was even considered an important figure in history, given he “didn’t discover anything, and instead got lost”. “As indigenous people, we’ve been taught by our elders to give thanks every day,” she said. “We are a people who have survived genocide. People able to gather with our families is very important to us.” The turkey is the symbol for Thanksgiving and Christmas dinner for American families. When the Pilgrim Fathers left Europe to settle in the colonies, they landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 and found their new home there. Persecution in the old continent had been harsh, but neither the long journey on board of the Mayflower to cross the Atlantic Ocean, nor the cold winter helped the new settlers, whose life, at the beginning was more than a struggle.

Black Friday Shopping feast Grateful to God, in spite of everything, they decided to praise Him on the last Thursday of November, establishing the Thanksgiving festivity. In America the day is celebrated with a rich dinner where stuffed turkey is the leading dish. What do we know about this big, strutting bird? Native to Central America, turkeys were prized in both Mayan and Aztec cultures and were an important source of food. The Spanish conquistadors who arrived in Mexico, quickly realized the value of the animals and shipped them back to Europe, where they were domesticated and raised in Italy, France and England by the 1500s. The Pilgrims brought them to New England, where they were crossed with the local eastern wild turkey population. With 25% less fat than chicken breast and 75% less fat than lean beef or pork, white turkey meat is a natural choice for the health conscious person. A 3 ounce serving of turkey breast has 120 calories, 1 gram of fat, no saturated fat and 26 grams of protein. Add the skin or choose dark meat and both the calorie and fat count increase. Turkey is a good source of vitamin B and the minerals, iron and zinc. An estimated 95% of American families eat turkey at Thanksgiving while 50% serve it for Christmas dinner. Globally Israelis eat the most turkey: more than 28 pounds per person each year. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving Day and the Friday before Cyber Monday in the United States. It is a busy shopping day and is a holiday in some states. Many people have a day off work or choose to take a day from their amount of yearly leave on Black Friday. Some people use this occasion also to make trips to see family members or friends who live in other areas or to go on vacation. Others use it to start shopping for the Christmas season. Shopping for Christmas presents is also popular on Black Friday. Many stores have special offers and lower their prices on some goods, such as toys. Black Friday is not a federal holiday, but is a public holiday in some states. Many people take a day of their annual leave on the day after Thanksgiving Day. Many organizations also close for the Thanksgiving weekend. Thanksgiving ideas and dinner recipes Blak Friday Day and Cyber Monday Giorno festivo del Ringraziamento http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFDSobNnfQs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZvtRytTUvc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NSQLMPUK-8 Read the full article

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besthouse · 10 days ago

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Best House Turkey: Your Comprehensive Guide to Buying Property in Istanbul

Istanbul is more than just a city; it’s a unique blend of history, culture, and modernity. This dynamic metropolis has emerged as one of the most sought-after real estate markets globally. Whether you’re looking for a family home, an investment property, or a vacation retreat, Istanbul offers diverse opportunities. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about buying property in Istanbul, from market insights to legal requirements and expert tips.

Table of Contents

Why Istanbul is the Perfect Destination for Real Estate Investment

Strategic Position Between Continents

Economic Growth and Development

High Rental Demand

Understanding the Istanbul Real Estate Market

Market Trends in 2024

Property Types and Their Benefits

Top Neighborhoods for Property Buyers in Istanbul

Best Districts for Luxury Homes

Affordable Areas with High ROI

Emerging Neighborhoods for Long-Term Growth

Legal Aspects of Buying Property in Istanbul

Foreign Ownership Rules

Tax Implications

Step-by-Step Property Buying Process in Istanbul

Researching the Market

Making an Offer

Finalizing the Deal

Financing Options for Foreign Buyers

Mortgage Loans in Turkey

Developer Payment Plans

Key Factors to Consider Before Buying

Location

Infrastructure and Amenities

Future Development Plans

Maximizing the Value of Your Istanbul Property Investment

Why Choose Best House Turkey for Your Real Estate Needs?

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why Istanbul is the Perfect Destination for Real Estate Investment

Strategic Position Between Continents

Istanbul's geographical location bridges Europe and Asia, making it a global hub for commerce, culture, and tourism. Its position attracts businesses, expatriates, and tourists, driving demand for real estate.

Economic Growth and Development

With significant infrastructure projects like the Istanbul Canal, new metro lines, and the world-class Istanbul Airport, the city continues to grow economically. These advancements positively impact property values.

High Rental Demand

Istanbul’s population of over 16 million ensures a steady demand for rental properties, especially in areas popular with expats and tourists.

2. Understanding the Istanbul Real Estate Market

Market Trends in 2024

The Istanbul property market remains resilient, with increasing foreign investments. Key drivers include Turkey's Citizenship by Investment program and strong rental yields.

Property Types and Their Benefits

Villas: Ideal for families and luxury living, especially in areas like Beykoz and Zekeriyaköy.

Apartments: Popular among young professionals and investors due to their affordability and rental appeal.

Commercial Properties: High ROI potential in business districts like Levent and Maslak.

3. Top Neighborhoods for Property Buyers in Istanbul

Best Districts for Luxury Homes

Bebek: Offers premium properties with stunning Bosphorus views.

Sarıyer: Known for exclusive villas and proximity to nature.

Affordable Areas with High ROI

Esenyurt: A favorite for budget-conscious buyers.

Başakşehir: Features modern infrastructure and family-friendly communities.

Emerging Neighborhoods for Long-Term Growth

Pendik: Growing in popularity due to improved transportation links.

Avcılar: Affordable properties with great rental potential.

4. Legal Aspects of Buying Property in Istanbul

Foreign Ownership Rules

Foreigners can buy most types of property in Istanbul, except those in military or security zones. Turkish law ensures fair treatment for international buyers.

Tax Implications

Title Deed Tax: 4% of the property value.

Annual Property Tax: 0.1%-0.6%, depending on the location and type.

5. Step-by-Step Property Buying Process in Istanbul

Market Research: Understand your needs and budget.

Find a Trusted Agent: Work with a reliable firm like Best House Turkey.

Property Visits: Schedule tours or virtual viewings.

Legal Checks: Verify ownership and zoning permissions.

Sign the Contract: Usually requires a 10% deposit.

Finalize the Title Deed Transfer: Complete payment and register ownership.

6. Financing Options for Foreign Buyers

Mortgage Loans in Turkey

Turkish banks offer mortgages to foreign nationals, typically covering up to 70% of the property value.

Developer Payment Plans

Many developers provide flexible installment plans for off-plan properties, making it easier to invest without immediate full payment.

7. Key Factors to Consider Before Buying

Proximity to Key Areas: Choose properties near schools, hospitals, or workplaces.

Neighborhood Growth: Research upcoming projects in the area.

Resale Potential: Focus on properties in high-demand locations.

8. Maximizing the Value of Your Istanbul Property Investment

Renovation: Upgrade older properties to boost their value.

Short-Term Rentals: Use platforms like Airbnb to maximize returns in tourist areas.

Long-Term Appreciation: Invest in emerging districts for higher future profits.

9. Why Choose Best House Turkey for Your Real Estate Needs?

Best House Turkey provides unparalleled expertise and a tailored approach to meet your needs. From property selection to legal assistance, our team ensures a seamless buying experience.

10. Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the minimum investment for Turkish citizenship?

Invest $400,000 in property to qualify for citizenship.

2. Can I finance my property purchase in Turkey?

Yes, Turkish banks and developers offer financing options for foreigners.

3. What additional costs should I expect?

Plan for a 4% title deed tax, legal fees, and annual property taxes.

4. Is buying property in Istanbul a safe investment?

Yes, Istanbul offers high returns and robust market growth.

5. How long does the property buying process take?

Typically, 4-6 weeks from start to finish.

6. Can I buy property in Istanbul remotely?

Yes, virtual tours and online documentation make remote purchases possible.

7. What is a TAPU?

A TAPU is the official property title deed in Turkey, crucial for proving ownership.

8. Are there restrictions for foreign buyers?

Foreigners cannot buy in military zones or specific security areas.

9. What is the average price per square meter in Istanbul?

Prices range from $1,500 to $6,000+, depending on the district.

10. Which areas offer the best rental yields?

Tourist-heavy areas like Taksim and Kadıköy are top choices for rental returns.

Contact Real Estate Turkey - Best House Turkey

Take the next step in your Property Turkey journey with the expertise of Best House Turkey.

Address: Şenlikköy Mahallesi Yeşilköy Halkalı Caddesi Aqua Florya No: 93 Kat: 3 Daire No: 2, 34153 Bakırköy/İstanbul Website: https://www.besthouseturkey.com/ Phone: +90 850 308 07 17 Email: [email protected] Map: Google Maps Location

Tags: Istanbul Real Estate, Buy House in Istanbul, Turkish Citizenship by Investment, Istanbul Property Investment, Best House Turkey, Affordable Housing in Istanbul, Property Financing in Turkey.

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real-estate-turkey-2024 · 4 months ago

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Apartments for Sale in Istanbul: Exploring Turkey’s Dynamic Real Estate Market

Istanbul, Turkey's largest and most vibrant city, has become a magnet for real estate investors from around the globe. The city’s rich history, strategic location, and booming economy make it an ideal destination for those looking to purchase apartments, whether for personal use, rental income, or investment purposes. With a wide range of options available—from luxury residences in prestigious neighborhoods to affordable apartments in up-and-coming areas—investing in Istanbul’s real estate market offers both diversity and potential for significant returns. If you want to know more about apartment for sale in Istanbul please visit our website.

The Appeal of Istanbul’s Real Estate Market

Istanbul’s real estate market is one of the most dynamic in Turkey, attracting both domestic and international buyers. Several factors contribute to its strong appeal:

Strategic Location: Istanbul’s unique position, straddling Europe and Asia, makes it a major global hub for business, trade, and tourism. Its connectivity, with two international airports and a comprehensive public transport network, adds to its attractiveness as a place to live and invest.

Economic Growth: Istanbul is at the heart of Turkey’s economy, which has shown consistent growth over the past decade. The city is a center for finance, commerce, and industry, driving demand for both residential and commercial properties.

Diverse Property Options: Istanbul offers a wide variety of apartments for sale, catering to different budgets and preferences. Whether you’re looking for a modern apartment in a new development, a luxury residence with Bosphorus views, or a historical property in a charming neighborhood, Istanbul has something for everyone.

Citizenship by Investment: Turkey’s Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program has made Istanbul an even more attractive destination for property buyers. By purchasing an apartment worth at least $400,000, foreign investors can obtain Turkish citizenship, providing them with visa-free travel to over 110 countries and the benefits of holding a Turkish passport.

Rental Income Potential: Istanbul’s status as a major tourist destination and business hub ensures a steady demand for rental properties. Investors can benefit from attractive rental yields, particularly in popular areas close to the city center or along the Bosphorus.

Top Neighborhoods for Apartment Purchases

Istanbul’s vast size and diversity mean that different neighborhoods offer varying advantages depending on the buyer’s needs and goals. Here are some of the top areas to consider when looking for an apartment in Istanbul:

Beyoglu and Taksim: Located in the heart of Istanbul, Beyoglu is known for its lively atmosphere, historical buildings, and proximity to Taksim Square, a major commercial and cultural hub. Apartments in this area are popular with both locals and expatriates due to their central location and vibrant lifestyle.

Besiktas and Levent: These districts are among Istanbul’s most affluent areas, known for luxury apartments, upscale amenities, and proximity to business centers. Besiktas, in particular, offers stunning views of the Bosphorus, making it highly desirable for high-end buyers.

Kadikoy and Moda: Situated on the Asian side of Istanbul, Kadikoy is a bustling district with a mix of modern developments and traditional charm. Moda, a neighborhood within Kadikoy, is known for its bohemian vibe, making it popular among young professionals and artists.

Basaksehir: As one of Istanbul’s fastest-growing districts, Basaksehir offers modern apartments at more affordable prices compared to central areas. The district is known for its new developments, green spaces, and proximity to Istanbul Airport, making it an attractive option for families and investors.

Sariyer: Located along the Bosphorus, Sariyer is known for its upscale residential areas and luxury apartments. It is a preferred location for those seeking a quieter, more suburban lifestyle while still being close to the city center.

Considerations for Buyers

When buying an apartment in Istanbul, it’s essential to consider several factors to ensure a successful investment:

Market Research: Understanding the local market, including pricing trends, demand, and future development plans, is crucial. Working with a reputable real estate agent who is familiar with the Istanbul market can provide valuable insights.

Legal and Financial Aspects: Foreign buyers should familiarize themselves with Turkish property laws, tax implications, and financing options. It is advisable to consult with a local lawyer to navigate the legalities of purchasing property in Turkey.

Long-Term Investment Potential: Istanbul’s real estate market offers strong long-term growth potential, but it’s important to choose a property that aligns with your investment goals. Consider factors such as location, property type, and future resale value.

Conclusion

real estate turkey market, particularly its wide range of apartments for sale, offers significant opportunities for both personal use and investment. With its strategic location, economic growth, and diverse property options, Istanbul continues to attract buyers from around the world. Whether you’re looking for a luxury residence, a rental property, or a long-term investment, Istanbul provides a dynamic and promising real estate landscape that is well worth exploring.

#real estate turkey

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priyanshisingh · 5 months ago

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UAE Meat Market Report: Opportunities and Challenges (2023-2032)

The UAE Meat Market is experiencing substantial growth, as evidenced by the projected increase from USD 3,198.14 million in 2023 to an estimated USD 5,160.56 million by 2032, achieving a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.36% from 2024 to 2032.

The UAE meat market is experiencing robust growth, fueled by increasing consumer demand for high-quality, diverse meat products and a rising population with varied dietary preferences. This market is characterized by a significant preference for premium meats, including beef, lamb, and poultry, driven by a wealthy consumer base and a growing expatriate population that brings diverse culinary traditions. The market is also witnessing a surge in demand for halal-certified meat products, which cater to the predominantly Muslim population's dietary requirements. Additionally, there is a growing trend towards health-conscious consumption, leading to an increased demand for organic and hormone-free meat products. The UAE's strategic location as a trade hub facilitates the import of high-quality meat from global markets, ensuring a steady supply to meet local demand. Modern retail formats, including supermarkets and hypermarkets, alongside the rising popularity of online meat delivery services, are making meat products more accessible to consumers. The market's growth is also supported by government initiatives to boost domestic meat production and enhance food security. Despite the positive outlook, the market faces challenges such as price volatility and the need for stringent quality control to maintain high standards.

The UAE meat market is influenced by several trending factors that shape consumer behavior and industry dynamics. Here are the key trending factors in the market:

Health and Wellness Trends

Organic and Natural Products: There is a growing demand for organic, hormone-free, and antibiotic-free meat products as consumers become more health-conscious and aware of the potential health benefits of natural and minimally processed foods.

Lean Meats: Consumers are increasingly opting for lean meats such as chicken and turkey, which are perceived as healthier alternatives to red meat due to their lower fat content.

Halal Certification

Halal Meat Demand: Given the UAE's predominantly Muslim population, the demand for halal-certified meat is significant. Halal certification ensures that meat products meet religious dietary requirements, which is a crucial factor for many consumers.

Stringent Standards: Consumers are increasingly looking for assurance regarding the authenticity and adherence to halal standards, prompting suppliers to maintain rigorous certification processes.

Diverse Culinary Preferences

Expatriate Influence: The UAE's large expatriate population has diversified meat consumption patterns, leading to a demand for a wide variety of meat products, including specialty cuts and international cuisines.

Gourmet and Exotic Meats: There is a rising interest in gourmet and exotic meats, such as Wagyu beef and venison, driven by affluent consumers seeking unique and premium dining experiences.

Convenience and Accessibility

Online Meat Delivery: The convenience of online shopping has extended to the meat market, with an increasing number of consumers purchasing meat products through e-commerce platforms that offer home delivery services.

Ready-to-Cook Products: Busy lifestyles are driving the demand for ready-to-cook and pre-marinated meat products that offer convenience without compromising on quality and taste.

Sustainability and Ethical Consumption

Sustainable Practices: Environmental concerns are influencing consumer preferences, leading to a growing interest in sustainably sourced meat products. Consumers are looking for brands that promote ethical farming practices and sustainable supply chains.

Plant-Based Alternatives: While still a niche market, there is a burgeoning interest in plant-based meat alternatives as part of a broader trend towards reducing meat consumption for health and environmental reasons.

Technological Advancements

Smart Farming: The adoption of smart farming technologies is enhancing meat production efficiency and quality. Innovations such as precision farming, automated feeding systems, and livestock health monitoring are gaining traction.

Traceability and Blockchain: There is an increasing emphasis on traceability in the meat supply chain. Technologies like blockchain are being used to provide consumers with detailed information about the origin and processing of meat products, ensuring transparency and building trust.

Government Initiatives

Food Security: The UAE government is investing in initiatives to boost domestic meat production as part of broader efforts to enhance food security. This includes supporting local farmers, developing advanced agricultural technologies, and fostering public-private partnerships.

Import Regulations: The government is also streamlining import regulations to ensure a steady supply of high-quality meat products, facilitating trade with key meat-exporting countries.

Market Competition

Retail Expansion: Major supermarket chains and hypermarkets are expanding their meat product offerings, focusing on quality, variety, and competitive pricing to attract consumers.

Brand Differentiation: Meat producers and suppliers are increasingly focusing on brand differentiation through unique product offerings, superior quality, and innovative marketing strategies to capture consumer attention and loyalty.

Key players

Agthia Group

Americana Foods Inc.

BRF S.A.

Al Ain Farms

Siniora Food Industries

Tanmiah Food Company

The Savola Group

Albatha Group

Golden Meat

Halwani Bros Company

Forsan Foods

More About Report- https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/uae-meat-market

The UAE meat market presents several opportunities for growth and development, driven by evolving consumer preferences, technological advancements, and strategic investments. Here are some key opportunities in the market:

Premium and Specialty Meat Products

High-Quality and Gourmet Meats: There is a growing demand for premium and specialty meat products, such as Wagyu beef, organic chicken, and exotic meats. This provides opportunities for suppliers to cater to affluent consumers seeking unique and high-quality dining experiences.

Customized Cuts and Portions: Offering customized cuts and portion sizes tailored to consumer preferences can differentiate products and attract discerning customers.

Health and Wellness Focus

Organic and Natural Meats: The increasing health consciousness among consumers creates opportunities for producers to market organic, hormone-free, and antibiotic-free meat products. Highlighting health benefits and quality can appeal to this segment.

Functional Meat Products: Developing meat products enriched with additional nutrients or functional benefits, such as omega-3 fatty acids or probiotics, can cater to health-focused consumers.

Halal Certification and Authenticity

Expanding Halal Range: Expanding the range of halal-certified meat products, including convenience foods and ready-to-eat meals, can tap into the large Muslim consumer base seeking diverse halal options.

Traceability and Transparency: Implementing robust traceability systems to ensure and communicate the authenticity of halal certification can build consumer trust and loyalty.

Convenience and Innovation

Ready-to-Cook and Pre-Marinated Products: The demand for convenience foods offers opportunities for developing ready-to-cook and pre-marinated meat products that save time and effort for busy consumers.

Online Retail and Delivery Services: Expanding online retail platforms and delivery services for meat products can cater to the growing preference for online shopping and home delivery, providing convenience and accessibility.

Sustainable and Ethical Practices

Sustainable Meat Production: Investing in sustainable and ethical farming practices can attract environmentally conscious consumers. This includes promoting grass-fed, free-range, and humanely raised meat products.

Plant-Based Alternatives: While still emerging, the market for plant-based meat alternatives is growing. Introducing high-quality, tasty plant-based meat options can appeal to consumers looking to reduce their meat consumption for health and environmental reasons.

Technological Advancements

Smart Farming Technologies: Adopting smart farming technologies to enhance meat production efficiency, quality, and sustainability can provide a competitive edge. This includes precision farming, automated systems, and advanced animal health monitoring.

Blockchain for Transparency: Utilizing blockchain technology for supply chain transparency can offer detailed information about the origin, processing, and quality of meat products, building consumer trust.

Market Expansion and Diversification

New Product Development: Continuous innovation in meat product offerings, including new flavors, cuts, and packaging options, can keep the market dynamic and attract a broader consumer base.

Geographical Expansion: Expanding distribution networks to underserved areas within the UAE and exploring export opportunities to neighboring countries can drive growth.

Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations

Partnerships with Retailers: Collaborating with major supermarkets, hypermarkets, and specialty stores can enhance product visibility and accessibility, driving sales.

Collaborations with Restaurants and Foodservice Providers: Partnering with restaurants, hotels, and foodservice providers to offer specialty and premium meat products can increase brand presence and reach.

Government Support and Initiatives

Leveraging Government Initiatives: Taking advantage of government initiatives aimed at boosting domestic meat production and enhancing food security can provide financial and logistical support for meat producers.

Compliance with Import Regulations: Streamlining compliance with import regulations can facilitate the entry of high-quality international meat products into the UAE market.

Segments

Based on Type

Mutton

Beef

Others (Camel)

Based on Product

Fresh

Frozen

Processed

Based on End User

Retail (B2C)

Horeca (Foodservice)

Wholesale

Based on Distribution Channel

Online

Supermarkets/Hypermarkets

Convenience Stores

Butcher Shops

Others

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saniya054 · 6 months ago

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Step-by-Step Process for Getting a Turkey Visa from Dubai

Planning a trip to Turkey from Dubai? One of the essential steps in your travel preparation is securing a Turkey visa. Whether you're visiting for tourism, business, or to see family and friends, the visa application process is straightforward if you know what to do. This guide provides a detailed, step-by-step process for obtaining a Turkey visa from Dubai.

Understanding the Turkey Visa

Before diving into the application process, it’s crucial to understand the different types of Turkey visas available and determine which one fits your travel purpose:

Tourist Visa: For leisure travel, sightseeing, and visiting family or friends.

Business Visa: For attending business meetings, conferences, or other professional engagements.

Student Visa: For those planning to study in Turkey.

Work Visa: For individuals who have secured employment in Turkey.

Transit Visa: For travelers passing through Turkey en route to another destination.

Eligibility for a Turkey Visa from Dubai

Residents of Dubai, including UAE nationals and expatriates, can apply for a Turkey visa. The specific eligibility criteria may vary depending on your nationality and the type of visa you are applying for. Generally, you will need a valid passport, proof of residence in Dubai, and additional documents based on your visa type.

Step-by-Step Process for Applying for a Turkey Visa from Dubai

Step 1: Determine Your Visa Type

Identify the type of visa you need based on the purpose of your visit. This will dictate the specific documents and information required for your application.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Ensure you have all the necessary documents before starting your application. Here’s a checklist for a Turkey visa application from Dubai:

Valid Passport: Must be valid for at least six months from the date of your intended arrival in Turkey and have at least two blank pages.

Visa Application Form: Complete the Turkey visa application form online.

Photographs: Two recent passport-sized photos with a white background.

Travel Itinerary: Details of your flight bookings, accommodation, and travel plans in Turkey.

Proof of Financial Means: Bank statements, salary slips, or other documents proving you have sufficient funds for your stay.

Travel Insurance: Valid travel insurance covering your stay in Turkey.

Additional Documents: Depending on your visa type, you may need additional documents such as a letter of invitation, employment letter, or enrollment confirmation.

Step 3: Complete the Online Application

Visit the official Turkey e-Visa website (www.evisa.gov.tr) or the Turkish Consulate's website to complete your visa application form. Fill in all the required details accurately, upload the necessary documents, and submit the form.

Step 4: Pay the Visa Fee

After submitting the application form, you will need to pay the visa fee. The fee varies depending on the type of visa and your nationality. Payment is typically made online using a credit or debit card.

Step 5: Schedule an Appointment

For some visa types, particularly for long-term visas or those requiring biometric data, you will need to schedule an appointment at the Turkish Consulate in Dubai. During the appointment, you may be required to submit your biometric data (fingerprints and photo) and original documents.

Step 6: Attend the Visa Appointment

If required, attend the visa appointment at the Turkish Consulate. Be prepared to answer questions about your travel plans, purpose of visit, and financial situation. Make sure to bring all original documents and a copy of your application.

Step 7: Wait for Visa Processing

The processing time for a Turkey visa can vary, but it generally takes between 5 to 15 working days. It’s advisable to apply well in advance of your travel date to avoid any last-minute issues.

Step 8: Receive Your Visa

Once your visa is approved, you will receive an email notification. You can either collect your visa from the consulate or receive it electronically if you applied for an e-Visa. Print out your e-Visa and keep it with you during your travel.

Tips for a Successful Turkey Visa Application

Apply Early: Start your application process well in advance to avoid any last-minute delays or issues.

Provide Accurate Information: Ensure all the information you provide is accurate and matches your supporting documents to prevent discrepancies.

Prepare for the Interview: If an interview is required, be well-prepared to discuss your travel plans and financial situation clearly.

Check Visa Requirements: Visa requirements can change, so always check the latest information on the official Turkish Consulate website before applying.

Common Reasons for Turkey Visa Rejection

Understanding the common reasons for visa rejection can help you avoid mistakes in your application:

Incomplete Application: Ensure all sections of the application form are completed, and all required documents are provided.

Insufficient Financial Means: Provide clear evidence of your financial stability to support your stay in Turkey.

Incorrect Information: Double-check all information for accuracy to avoid discrepancies.

Previous Visa Violations: Previous overstays or visa violations in Turkey or other countries can affect your application.

FAQs about Turkey Visa from Dubai

How long is the Turkey visa valid?

The validity of the Turkey visa depends on the type of visa issued. Tourist visas are typically valid for 90 days within a 180-day period.

Can I extend my Turkey visa?

Generally, tourist visas cannot be extended. However, for other visa types, you may apply for an extension at the local immigration office in Turkey before your visa expires.

Is travel insurance necessary for a Turkey visa?

Yes, travel insurance is mandatory for Turkey visa applicants. It should cover medical expenses and emergencies for the duration of your stay in Turkey.

Can I work in Turkey with a tourist visa?

No, a tourist visa does not permit you to work in Turkey. You need to apply for a work visa if you intend to work in Turkey.

How can I check the status of my Turkey visa application?

You can check the status of your visa application online through the official Turkey e-Visa website or the Turkish Consulate's website.

Conclusion

Obtaining a Turkey visa from Dubai is a straightforward process if you follow the correct steps and provide all necessary documentation. This guide aims to make your visa application process smooth and stress-free. By applying well in advance and ensuring you meet all requirements, you can look forward to an incredible journey to Turkey. Whether you're exploring the vibrant streets of Istanbul, the ancient ruins of Ephesus, or the stunning landscapes of Cappadocia, a well-prepared visa application is the first step to a memorable adventure.

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kirstythejetblackgoldfish · 2 years ago

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#Syria #Russia #Turkey #Turkiye #Türkiye #Iran #disclaimer: i do not trust erdogan one bit

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ailtrahq · 1 year ago

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While the world is heading towards US dollar-pegged stablecoins, Akshay Naheta, a former executive at SoftBank, is pioneering a distinctive stablecoin called DRAM, backed by the United Arab Emirates Dirham. Last month, Paytm entered the crypto arena with its USD-pegged stablecoin PYUSD and got good support within the industry. Naheta, Ditched USD for Dirham? Will it Work? But what made this collaboration go against the market wave? With DRAM Trust, Naheta aims to tap into the burgeoning stablecoin market, which analysts project to expand over 20X, reaching a value of $2.8 trillion in the next five years. DRAM coins are engineered to provide stability, particularly in nations grappling with high inflation, such as Turkey, Egypt, and Pakistan. The initiative primarily targets the unbanked and underbanked populations. “Our main focus is the unbanked and underbanked in these nations. If you want to diversify your risk and be in a currency complementary to the dollar, a big percentage of money can move into this.”In contrast to many stablecoins typically pegged to the US dollar, DRAM sets itself apart by tethering its value to the Dirham. This stablecoin will be accessible on decentralized exchanges like Uniswap, Sushiswap, and Pancakeswap. Furthermore, the team plans to collaborate with centralized exchanges shortly.This innovative project is anticipated to gain substantial traction in the UAE, owing to its significant expatriate community and proximity to regions with high inflation rates. The decision came to light when the US government faced a series of troubles and may be on the verge of shutdown. This event can favor the coin and could trigger instant adoption. Chanelising UAE’s Financial Stability & DTR’s Global PlanAkshay Naheta’s venture underscores the growing influence of the UAE in the global financial landscape. He likens the nation’s role to that of Switzerland, citing its geopolitical neutrality, robust transportation infrastructure, and prominence as a top-tier tourism destination.DTR, headquartered in the Abu Dhabi Global Market, is committed to democratizing finance by developing digital financial technologies. The firm also has plans to introduce a decentralized wallet solution in early 2024, aiming to enhance the accessibility and functionality of digital tokens for a wider audience.!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function()n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments); if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)(window,document,'script', ' fbq('init', '887971145773722'); fbq('track', 'PageView');

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daimonclub · 1 year ago

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Thanksgiving Day

Thanksgiving Day Parade Thanksgiving Day, history, quotes and typical food. In the United States it is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year and marks the beginning of the holiday season. Thanksgiving Day for the year 2022 is celebrated/observed on Thursday, November 24th. Thanksgiving Day in the United States is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year. Traditionally it is a time to give thanks for all the sacrifice and hard work done for the harvest. In modern times people take time off work (4 day weekend starting Thursday) and spend time with family and friends over a large feast held on Thanksgiving Day. It has been an unchallengeable American doctrine that cranberry sauce, a pink goo with overtones of sugared tomatoes, is a delectable necessity of the Thanksgiving board and that turkey is uneatable without it. There are some things in every country that you must be born to endure; and another hundred years of general satisfaction with Americans and America could not reconcile this expatriate to cranberry sauce, peanut butter, and drum majorettes. Alistair Cooke (1908-2004, British broadcaster, journalist) It is when we stop thinking about what we don't have or what we lack, and become grateful for who we are, that we can gain access to true unlimited inspiration. Frank Arrigazzi A lot of Thanksgiving days have been ruined by not carving the turkey in the kitchen. Kin Hubbard (1868-1930, American humorist, journalist) On Thanksgiving Day, all over America, families sit down to dinner at the same moment - half-time. Author Unknown Thanksgiving marks the beginning of the holiday season, and represents food, family and moments of sharing and professing gratitude. Sarah Moore Our rural ancestors, with little blest, Patient of labour when the end was rest, Indulged the day that housed their annual grain, With feasts, and off'rings, and a thankful strain. Alexander Pope Thanksgiving is a time to give, a time to love, and a time to reflect on the things that matter most in life. Danielle Duckery

Thanksgiving Day, History, Celebration, Food and Quotes Thanksgiving Day is an annual national holiday in the United States and Canada celebrating the harvest and other blessings of the past year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Americans generally believe that their Thanksgiving is modeled on a 1621 harvest feast shared by the English colonists (Pilgrims) of Plymouth and the Wampanoag people. The American holiday is particularly rich in legend and symbolism, and the traditional fare of the Thanksgiving meal typically includes turkey, bread stuffing, potatoes, cranberries, and pumpkin pie. With respect to vehicular travel, the holiday is often the busiest of the year, as family members gather with one another. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well. In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became important during the English Reformation in the reign of Henry VIII and in reaction to the large number of religious holidays on the Catholic calendar. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, when people were required to attend church and forego work and sometimes pay for expensive celebrations. The 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of special providence. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving. For example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and following the deliverance of Queen Anne in 1705. An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. Plymouth’s Thanksgiving began with a few colonists going out “fowling,” possibly for turkeys but more probably for the easier prey of geese and ducks, since they “in one day killed as much as…served the company almost a week. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating “Thanksgivings,” days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought. The U.S. Continental Congress proclaimed a national Thanksgiving upon the enactment of the Constitution, for example.

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aoawarfare · 1 year ago

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Enver Pasha and the Basmachi

What happens when a former Ottoman Pasha, sentenced to death in absentia finds himself in Central Asia? If you're Enver Pasha, you first align with the Bolsheviks before jumping ship and joining the Basmachi. Learn how Enver led the Basmachi until his death in a small village in eastern Bukhara.

I know it’s been a while, but last time we talked about how Bolshevik General, Mikhail Frunze, entered Central Asia and neutered the Musburo, overthrew both the Khivan and Bukharan Emir, and developed a counter-insurgency strategy to crush the Basmachi.

We also talked about how he encountered four problems with his plan:

Frunze, in his efforts to overthrow the Bukharan Emir, woke up the hornet’s nest that was the Bukharan Basmachi.

By threatening Mohammed Alim Khan, he drove an estimated 30,000 volunteers into Basmachi units by the summer of 1920.

Frunze left Central Asia in 1920 to fight against the White General Pyotr Wrangel.

It was now up to the officers Frunze left behind to defeat the Basmachi for good.

By eliminating the White armies and the emirs, Frunze limited his number of enemies. This is true, but he also concentrated the survivors under one banner: the Basmachi banner. This, in turn, revitalized the Basmachi enough that they could have been a serious threat to Russian power in the region.

Ibrahim-Bek was a talented commander who evaded the Red Army’s forces while infiltrated and harassing their rear. By the fall of 1921, he had retaken most of eastern and central Bukhara.

And then Enver Pasha arrived.

Enver Pasha and the Bolsheviks

Enver Pasha started his stormy career in the Ottoman Empire. He was a member of the Committee of Union and Progress, took part in the 1908 Young Turk Revolt that reestablished the Ottoman constitution and parliamentary democracy. He also helped organize the coup that would bring the CUP directly into power, with Enver taking over the Army. Then he pushed the Ottomans into the First World War and was responsible, not only for some of the Ottoman’s worst defeats, but also for the Armenian Genocide. So, he was a real bastard. He was so bad the Turkish Court-Martials of 1919-20 found him guilty of "plunging the country into war without a legitimate reason, forced deportation of Armenians and leaving the country without permission" and condemned him to death.

So, when he arrives in Russia in late 1920, he’s a bit desperate. He doesn’t have many places he can go; he still has these illusions of grandeur that he can take on Mustafa Kemal back in what is now modern-day Turkey and return to power, and he thinks he’s a gifted general. The best way to understand Enver is to read this passage from a letter he once wrote:

“The other day I read a German book, and one sentence inspired me: "When we can't realize our ideals, we can at least idealize our reality.” - Şuhnaz Yilmaz, An Ottoman Warrior Abroad: Enver Paşa as an Expatriate

He actually traveled to Moscow intending to work with the Bolsheviks and he tries, but there is a lot of distrust between the two. He quickly realizes that he doesn’t have a place with the Bolsheviks. Their aims are different, and they don’t seem very interested in returning him to power in Turkey.

In fact, the Bolsheviks were courting Kemal’s government and when forced to choose between Kemal and Enver, they choose Kemal. This is a huge blow for Enver, and he reaches out to Zeki Velidi Toghan to figure out next steps.

We’ve met Velidi in our episode on the fathers of the Jadids and we’ll learn more about his secret society in an upcoming episode. Velidi was a Bashkir nationalist who helped create an autonomous Bashkir government in 1918 before the Bolsheviks crushed it. He joined the White cause until it became clear they would lose and then sided with the Bolsheviks. However, by 1921 he had grown disillusioned with Communism and was creating secret societies and reaching out to Basmachi leaders. He reached out to Velidi, claiming:

“I have decided that I must go to eastern Bukhara. If we succeed, we shall be victors for the faith. If not, we shall fall as martyrs on the field of battle. We must fight for Turkestan. If we fear the death which rate ordained and prefer to live as dogs, we shall deserve the curses of our forebears and of our descendants alike. But if we have the courage to die for freedom, we shall ensure the freedom and happiness of those who follow us.” - Martha Olcott, The Basmachi or Freeman's Revolt in Turkestan 1918-1924

Velidi tried to dissuade him, explaining:

“The Russians are about to wash their hands of external matters. Henceforth they can concentrate all of their resources in Turkestan. Our organization in proportion to its duties, is very weak. This year Turkistan is suffering from a great famine. Ferghana is experiencing a crisis in its attempts to feed the Basmachi. After joining the Basmachi you would want to fight with regular fronts. At present, it is not feasible to keep a standing army larger than five-six thousand strong. It is only possible to conduct guerilla warfare. As for the Basmachi in eastern Bukhara it is not possible to cooperate with them unless agreements are entered into with the Afghans and the Emir…will not allow you to be recognized [as a leader] They will not accept you as such.” - H. B. Paksoy, The Basmachi Movement from Within: An Account of Zeki Velidi Toghan, pg. 389-390

Enver ignored his advice and told the Bolsheviks he wanted to hunt around Bukhara. They let him go, Marx knows why. Once he reaches Bukhara he disappears. Toghan would later have to flee into the Basmachi’s hands as well before fleeing for Afghanistan in 1923

Enver Pasha and the Basmachi

The Basmachi were not enthused to see Enver. In fact, Ibrahim-Bek, who despised Enver actually arrested him as a double agent. The Emir Muhammad Alim Khan had to intercede and grant Enver permission to raise an army and fight against the Bolsheviks before Ibrahim released him. At this point, Ibrahim had retaken most of eastern and central Bukhara and made it very clear he knew who the enemy was. He told Enver, “I have to make war not just on the Russians, but really against the Jadids.” - (Adeeb Khalid, Making Uzbekistan, pg. 88)

Enver, however, wasn’t interested in local affairs. He wanted to create a massive army that would defeat both the Bolsheviks and the British in India and Afghanistan, uniting the region under the banners of Pan-Turkism. The problem was that Enver’s definition of Turkism was heavy on the Ottoman Turkic whereas the Central Asians version of Turkic meant something else entirely. To learn more, please listen to our interview with Adeeb Khalid.

It was clear that Enver didn’t actually care about the people of Central Asia, the men he was trying to lead, or even the situation on the ground. As Mustafa Cho’qoy wrote:

“Enver, like all Turks in general, know nothing of Turkestan and Bukhara, he had no understanding of the character of their internal events.” - Adeeb Khalid, Making Uzbekistan

He came in making several poorly defined assumptions and didn’t adapt when those assumptions were proven very, very wrong. In doing so, he alienated Ibrahim-Bek, who was maybe the Basmachi’s best commander, and he eventually alienated the Emirs in Afghanistan. Enver wasn’t going to be second fiddle to an Emir hiding in Afghanistan. He was going to be the star which of course angered Emir Muhammed Alim Khan. The emir withdrew whatever support he was able to offer Enver from Afghanistan, making him reliant on a populace that was growing ambivalent. And yet, he was able to organize three thousand soldiers under his direct command and it is estimated he could coordinate with a total of 16,000 soldiers in the region.

The Enver Paradox

The problem with Enver is that he is a walking contradiction. While he made serious mistakes by alienating Ibrahim and the Bukharan Emir and had no real plan beyond Pan-Turkism and let’s repeat what we did during the world war because thatworked out well, he also drew many intelligent men to his cause like Velidi and former Jadids like Usmon-xoja, cousin to Fayzulla Xojaev who was leading the Bukharan People’s Soviet Republic. So, he was able to tap into something festering within Bukhara at the time. His reputation as a general during the World War may have also helped with recruitment and he liked to act as if he was a great “war hero.”

Enver Pasha

[image Description: A black and white photo of a man standing at an angle and staring into the camera. he is wearing a fez and a dark military uniform with golden epaulettes. He is holding his white gloves against his hip. He has short black hair and a thick mustache with tips that point upwards]

The Bolsheviks were certainly worried when they found out he had joined the ranks of the Basmachi. A Soviet official wrote:

“What will be the outcome of this enterprise? From a military point of view, there can be only one opinion, that the large Soviet Federation which knew how to contain the English and the French attack when fighting Denikin, Kolchak and Wrangel, is strong enough to destroy the enterprise of Enver Papa.... It is not the military aspect of this affair which makes us worry, it is more the political aspect... In effect, the past glory of Enver as man of the Muslim state, can still attract crowds of ignorant dehgans in some remote regions today." - Şuhnaz Yilmaz, An Ottoman Warrior Abroad: Enver Pasha as an Expatriate

They sent one of their own to Turkestan to assess the situation and found things were dire. This encouraged them to make small concessions to the indigenous people, but nothing like the structural changes Velidi and other Jadids were asking for. Instead, they sent a directive to the central committees of the republics to “cleanse Turkestan, Bukhara, and Khiva of anti-Soviet Turko-Afghan elements” (pg. 149, Adeeb Khalid). These concessions were a tool against the Basmachi, not a policy change. They would be taken away as soon as the Basmachi were defeated.

Enver’s Campaigns with the Basmachi

Enver started his campaign with an act of typical bravo. He sent the Soviets an ultimatum:

“In the event of Soviet Russia finding it unnecessary to respect the wishes of the Muslim peoples, who are under the oppressive yoke of dishonest Commissars, and who have sprung to arms to free their territory from the alien power of Moscow, I must warn you Mr. Commissar that two weeks after the handing over of the present memorandum from the supreme council I shall act according to my own judgment.” - Şuhnaz Yilmaz, An Ottoman Warrior Abroad: Enver Pasha as an Expatriate

Of course, the Russians ignored him, and he took Dushanbe in January 1922, including its stock of 120 rifles and two machine guns. He then turned his attention on Baisun, a small, mountain village that sat on the pass between eastern and western Bukhara. It was protected by the 5th Rifle Regiment and was a target appropriate for a regular army unit, not a guerrilla unit. Instead of spreading his forces out, thus forcing the Russians to spread their forces thin, Enver constricted the Basmachi into easy to slaughter units that then charged against the 5thRegiment’s machine guns and artillery.

After several days of firing from their garrison, the 5th Regiment created a right column that, utilizing the cover of darkness, marched around Enver’s headquarters. Enver, thinking like a regular army general instead of a guerrilla fighter, had his men build trenches in which to defend their headquarters. But the Basmachi didn’t have the training to effectively man a trench.

The 5th Regiment surprised the Basmachi by bombarding their position with high explosives and machine gun fire. While Enver’s soldiers were being slaughtered, he escaped, his force effectively broken.

Yet, he would continue to fight throughout the summer, trying to rally around a bridgehead at Denau at the end of June, and losing 165 men in the process. In response, the Red Army Commander S. S. Kamenev created the Bukharan Forces Group which included 7,530 men. This was made up of two cavalry brigades, two cavalry squadron, and one rifle division.

Kamenev split his forces into two columns, one to seal the Afghan border and another to chase Enver from the Gissar valley where he was headquartered.

Enver retreated further east and headquartered at Baldzhuan. A three-day battle occurred with the Bolshevik artillery supposedly inflicting 12,000 casualties on the Basmachi.

After the attack, Enver Pasha retreated to a small village near Dushanbe and was caught by a Red Army Bashkir cavalry brigade. Enver either died while charging into machine gun fire or escaped the surprise attack for four days before being cut down by machine gun fire at an ambush at the city of Chaghan. There are even some claims that Enver was cut down during a knife fight with Cavalry Brigade Commander, Yakov Melkumov. He died on August 4th, 1922. When he died, Selim Pasha, his second-in-command wrote to Toghan to suppress the news of his death:

“He said that the Committee must give out that Enver was not dead; simply that he had disappeared. This was necessary in order to keep the movement going; if it were known that Enver were dead it would collapse altogether.” - Şuhnaz Yilmaz, An Ottoman Warrior Abroad: Enver Pasha as an Expatriate

The Russians would not realize he was dead until October 1922 and the British would believe he was alive until 1923, wondering if they should support his cause if they could confirm he was still alive. When Enver died, the Basmachi’s forces stood at approximately 4,000 soldiers.

Why did Enver Fail?

When Enver arrived in Turkestan, the Basmachi had approximately 17,000 soldiers, had reclaimed eastern and central Bukhara, were supported by the Bukharan Emir in Afghanistan, and gathering everyone who hated the Bolsheviks to their cause. When Enver died, the Basmachi were shattered, their forces numbering a few thousand, the Emir’s influence non-existent, and the indigenous people of Turkestan either ambivalent or turned completely against them. How did this happen? Was Enver really that terrible of a general? Yes.

The answer is complicated, but it breaks down into three different reasons:

While the Basmachi were enjoying a resurgence, there is nothing suggesting it was a sustainable resurgence. Remember Frunze arrived in 1920 and overthrew everything people knew. No more Musburo, no more Khiva, no more Bukhara. Of course, people are going to flee into whatever seems familiar or whatever promises to restore order. The problem is that the Basmachi didn’t have the capability to live up to these promises, many promises the Basmachi never actually made.

The Basmachi weren’t united, and they weren’t organized. They were small groups of soldiers who served different warlords. Madamin-Bek and General Monstrov got the closest to actually uniting and organizing the Basmachi and they still had to occasionally make deals with the Bolshevik to survive. And as soon as Madamin died, that organization fell apart. Ibrahim-Bek is the Basmachi’s best commander, but he had no interest in working with anyone besides the Bukharan Emir. Enver did nothing to try and unite these different forces. In fact, he exasperated the divides.

Simply put, the Basmachi weren’t built to sustain or support the resurgence they experienced after the fall of Bukhara.

Enver Pasha had no idea what he was doing. He ran to Central Asia because he was wanted in Turkey and Europe. He thought the Bolsheviks would help him regain power in Turkey and when that didn’t happen he needed a new cause. He clung to the Basmachi because he conflated their cause with Pan-Turkism and because who else would take him? But he didn’t know anything about Turkestan, the Basmachi, or the cause they were fighting. He was taking advantage of a situation that he didn’t fully understand, so of course that’s going to blow up in his face.

He didn’t appreciate the tactics best suited for guerilla warfare. He fought the war like it was a regular war relying on trenches and mass attacks. Those tactics are a death sentence for a guerilla movement and the Basmachi paid the price.

The Turkestan of 1921-1922 was very different from the Turkestan of 1918-1920. The Bolsheviks hold on the region was tenuous, but it was stronger than it had been earlier in the civil war. They had the benefit of a state that could supply their armies, they had the benefit of having local cadre willing to bring communism to the people, they had the benefit of being able to offer food, supplies, and security to the people. The Basmachi had none of that nor were they interested in building that capacity. Frunze’s strategy works because he focuses on the military component and the social/economic component. The Basmachi were focused on the military and survival component. They didn’t have an answer to the social and economic needs and Enver was clueless.

And yet, despite all these setbacks, the death of Enver Pasha did not spell the death of the Basmachi, for there was still Ibrahim-Bek. Ibrahim refused to work with Enver Pasha and led his own attacks while the Red Army forced on Enver. It was now up to Ibrahim to gather the remaining Basmachi forces and continue the war.

References

The Basmachi or Freeman's Revolt in Turkestan 1918-1924 by Martha B. Olcott

The Basmachi Movement from Within: An Account of Zeki Velidi Toghan by H. B. Paksoy

Some Aspects of the Basmachi Movement and the Role of Enver Pasha in Turkestan by Mehmet Shahingoz and Amina Akhantaeva

An Ottoman Warrior Abroad: Enver Pasha as an Expatriate by Şuhnaz Yilmaz

Enver Pasha in Central Asia Support for the National Struggle Documentation in the Moscow Archives by Hazratali Tursuny and Mrs. Moldabaevayy

Enver Pasha and the Basmachi Movement in Central Asia by S. R. Sonyel

Making Uzbekistan: Nation, Empire, and Revolution in the Early USSR by Adeeb Khalid

Central Asia: A History by Adeeb Khalid

Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan by Robert F. Baumann

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