#ketone bodies

[medicomunicare]

Nutrizione nei tumori: il delicato gioco metabolico di proteine, enzimi e metaboliti che coordina tutte le risposte cellulari

Background Dieta e nutrizione svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nella salute umana, con quantità, composizione e qualità della dieta, nonché orari dei pasti, fattori determinanti per la disponibilità di nutrienti che, a loro volta, regolano i processi fisiologici. Ricerche recenti si sono anche concentrate sulla comprensione di come la dieta influenzi le traiettorie delle malattie. Tuttavia, c’è…

[joga-blog]

Ketone Bodies Urine Test: Practical Applications in Monitoring Ketogenic Diets

The Ketone Bodies Urine test is a diagnostic tool utilized to measure the levels of ketones in the urine. Ketones are acidic chemicals produced by the liver when the body breaks down fat for energy. While the body primarily uses glucose as its main source of energy, in situations such as fasting, prolonged exercise, or when carbohydrates are restricted, the body begins to break down fat stores, leading to an increase in ketone production. This test helps in monitoring conditions such as diabetes, ketogenic diets, or starvation. Here, we delve into the significance, procedure, and interpretation of this test.

Importance of Ketone Bodies Urine Test:

1. Diabetes Management:

Individuals with diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes, are at risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition characterized by dangerously high levels of ketones in the blood. Monitoring ketone levels through urine tests aids in early detection and management of DKA.

2. Ketogenic Diet Monitoring: 

The ketogenic diet, which is high in fats and low in carbohydrates, induces ketosis, where the body relies on ketones for energy instead of glucose. Regular monitoring of ketone levels ensures that individuals on this diet achieve and maintain the desired state of ketosis.

3. Assessment of Starvation and Fasting:

During prolonged periods of fasting or starvation, the body resorts to fat breakdown for energy production, resulting in elevated ketone levels. The urine test helps evaluate the extent of ketosis and guides medical interventions if necessary.

Procedure:

1. Gather Supplies:

Obtain a clean, dry urine collection container.

2. Collect Urine Sample:

Urinate into the collection container.

3. Perform Test:

Dip the provided ketone test strip into the urine sample or follow the instructions provided with the test kit.

4. Wait for Results:

Allow the test strip to react with the urine for the specified duration mentioned in the instructions.

5. Interpret Results:

Compare the color change on the test strip with the color chart provided. Different shades indicate varying levels of ketones in the urine.

6. Record Results:

Note down the ketone levels for monitoring purposes or report them to a healthcare professional if necessary.

Interpretation:

- Negative:

A negative result indicates the absence of ketones or only trace amounts present in the urine, which is normal in individuals who are not in a state of ketosis.

- Trace to Moderate:

Trace to moderate levels of ketones may be observed in individuals on a ketogenic diet or during prolonged fasting. It may also signify early stages of DKA in diabetic patients and necessitate medical attention.

- High:

High levels of ketones in the urine, especially accompanied by symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, stomach pain, nausea and confusion, may indicate severe ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis, requiring immediate medical intervention.

Conclusion:

The Ketone Bodies Urine Test is a valuable tool in assessing ketone levels, aiding in the management of various medical conditions such as diabetes and ketogenic diets. Regular monitoring and interpretation of results allow for timely interventions, ensuring optimal health outcomes. However, it's crucial to consult healthcare professionals for proper guidance and interpretation of results, especially in cases of abnormal findings.

[wellhealthhub]

11 Essential Facts About Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) and How to Dodge It

Discover the essential facts about diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and how to avoid this serious complication of diabetes. Take control of your health and protect yourself. Introduction to Diabetes Ketoacidosis (DKA) Welcome to this comprehensive guide on Diabetes Ketoacidosis, commonly known as DKA. If you or a loved one is grappling with diabetes, understanding DKA is crucial. This…

[dapurinthos]

araithana introducing sifo-dyas to the concept of citations. 'but i KNOW it because vision.' 'yes but proof. it is time for my SUPERPOWER: RESEARCH. BRING FORTH THE RECORDS.' aka oh so i'm going to be writing a complete zannah backstory where she and bane are the only survivors of a completely blighted ruusan and how the jedi corps got formed out of the ruusan reformations.

The picture is distorted. Some of the pixels look too large but they're not actually individual pixels, they're bunches of them clumped together where the format has lost coherence over the millennium. Her face is all fuzzy around the edges where wisps of hair have escaped the fate of the rest of her hair, which has been subjected to a brutal, blunt chop close to the helix of the ear. It looks like someone took an upturned bowl and used that as their guideline. Bad idea in general, but worse when that person has curls like young Zannah. Her mouth is a patch of pale skin, erased by time and format changes. Her hair is a shade of blonde that probably darkened as she grew, changing to a sandy shade. The pixels that make up her eyes are too distorted to make out a colour other than light. There's a second picture. The hair is darker, like I suspected it would be, and longer. The curls have fallen under their own weight, creating something more like a cloud of hair around her face and shoulders. It should be the neutral, non-expression of government identification—it’s her pilot’s licence according to the file—but there’s something about her mouth and jaw that makes it look like she’s literally biting something back. There’s a bunching in the middle of her chin where skin is thin over the muscle there. Rain, no last name recorded.

[lilalilan]

Putting this in it's own post to not detract but like. There is no such thing as sugar addiction.

If you aren't eating carbs/sugars, your body craves those things because it needs them. Your body depends on sugar for energy, and if you aren't consuming enough you're going to crave it so that you eat and correct the deficiency, just like with anything else your body needs.

If you are eating carbs/sugars regularly, especially if it feels like you can never get enough of them and it feels like you're addicted, please get checked out for diabetes mellitus.

What diabetes mellitus boils down to is the body being unable to process sugar, either because it doesn't make insulin (type 1) or because it can't use the insulin it makes (type 2). Insulin is a hormone the body needs in order to use the sugar in your blood. This leads to high blood sugar levels, weight gain, being thirsty often/drinking a lot of water, and frequent urination, because the body can't get the sugar out of the bloodstream so either stores it as fat or gets rid of it in urine (and has you drink a lot of water to make that happen).

Diabetics don't crave sugar because they're addicts who can't get control of themselves, they crave sugar because their body desperately needs it but is struggling to use what they're giving it, because it's having issues with insulin.

Going in for a diabetes diagnosis can be scary and stressful, usually due to the stigma and fatphobia/fatshaming diabetes patients often have to deal with. A lot of people are uneducated about diabetes and see it as a punishment for eating unhealthily, and if you have or have had this view in the past it can be really upsetting and scary to think that you might be diabetic. Despite what the stigma may have led you to believe, diabetes is often in large part genetic, and people who are predisposed to it can have it triggered by anything from stress to covid to seemingly nothing at all. But even if you did cause your diabetes or make it worse by eating a lot of sugar/carbs, you deserve compassion and you deserve care, you deserve accurate information about how your body does/doesn't work, and you deserve treatment free from judgement and blame.

Diabetes is manageable, it is something you can live with. Diet and exercise can help, but in the long term even folks who've made lifestyle changes usually need medication, because lifestyle changes don't change the fact that your body is struggling to make/use insulin.

For something relatively common, diabetes isn't well understood by most people, and the actual symptoms of it are often overlooked because of that. Hunger even after eating, especially after eating carbs/sugar, and constantly craving carbs/sugars, was what led my doctor to assess me for diabetes, so if that's something you struggle with please consider looking into diabetes.

[wellthatsclever]

54 hours into a 114 and if you think hunger pangs are the worst thing about fasting you'd be wrong. Hunger pangs happen for maybe 20 minutes a couple times a day. The worst part is actually boredom. You don't realize just how much food is used as amusement and time-passing until you can't.

[mehmetyildizmelbourne-blog]

Here’s Why and How to Shift from a Sugar to a Fat-Burning Metabolism

Regardless of age, when our body is fat-adapted, it can effortlessly generate energy from sugar and fat, giving us a better metabolic position and a defined body.  A long time ago, when struggling with metabolic issues, I learned that anthropological studies indicated that humans survived famines and evolved by gaining fat-adapted bodies. When studying mechanisms, I found that gluconeogenesis…

[can-of-pringles]

Why did I have to be sick today

[curtisblevinsme]

Can I lose 39 pounds in 56 days?

Against my own advice, I have been stepping on the scale A LOT lately. On September 5th, it read 204.4 pounds and my body fat percentage was 25%. Not going to lie, I was disappointed in myself. I had let some old habits fall back in and processed foods had become a staple again. I was snacking multiple times a day and I hadn’t let my body fast for more than 20 hours in years. That was the “Bad”…

[mode-mates]

Keto Dieting? Here Are 10 Foods You Must Have In Your Kitchen

[pierrotdoesnteat]

FIVE STAGES OF FASTING:

- the process of fasting begins about 8 hours after your last meal, and has five different stages each with different benefits. I am by no means an expert, and am using various sources to piece this together; with that being said, if I get something wrong please feel free to correct me.

STAGE ONE:

- 8-12 hours after last meal. - blood sugar/glucose levels begins to dip; you may experience hunger, fatigue, food cravings, and trouble concentrating. - at around 12 hours, blood sugar levels begin to stabilize as your body starts tapping into stored glycogen. - also around 12 hours, your body begins to enter early stages of ketosis meaning your body isn't relying on carbohydrates for fuel and instead begins to burn stored fat. - short-term fasting may also lower blood pressure and increase insulin sensitivity.

STAGE TWO:

- 12-18 hours after last meal. - by now, your body should be fully in ketosis. your liver should begin converting stored fat into ketone bodies; these provide energy to your heart, brain, and muscles. - ketones suppress your appetite; this stage of fasting decreases ghrelin, the hormone that makes you want to eat a lot of food and stabilizes insulin levels which helps to reduce cravings. - you may notice an increase in mental clarity in this stage due to a boost in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

STAGE THREE:

- 24 hours after last meal. - this stage is referred to as autophagy, or "self-eating." this stage is when your body begins recycling old or damaged cells and reducing inflammation; this can provide an anti-aging effect.

STAGE FOUR:

- 36-48 hours after last meal. - 48-hour fasting can increase human growth hormone (HGH) secretion by up to 400%. HGH increases muscle mass, stimulates faster muscle repair, and can speed up the healing process for wounds and more serious injuries. - this stage is no longer considered intermittent fasting.

STAGE FIVE:

- 72+ hours after last meal. - this stage of fasting should not be taken lightly; if fasting for several days, make sure you drink plenty of water, get plenty of electrolytes such as sodium, magnesium, and potassium. - by now, you should be in a deep state of ketosis and autophagy should be in full effect. - during this stage, your liver significantly reduces the production of a hormone called IGF-1, triggering stem cell production. - a study from 2014 found that prolonged fasts between 48-120 hours activate pathways that induce stem cell production, leading to cellular toxin resistance, immune system regulation, and protection against cellular damage caused by chemotherapy.

FASTING TIPS:

- regardless of the length of fast, stay hydrated. - keep physical activity to a minimum, or only do light exercises. walking, stretching/yoga, and meditating are great options during this time. - do not break your fast with large amounts of food, or processed foods. easily digestible natural foods, like bone broth, chicken, and green vegetables are your best option. avoid things like dairy, alcohol, and foods high in lectin like baked goods for the first couple days after your fast ends. - when breaking your fast, eat slowly and hydrate before eating. the less junk food your body is used to, the easier it is. - adding probiotics into your diet can make breaking a fast easier; your body needs these either way.

[fullofseoul]

Fasting Zones

Whilst fasting I decided to do some research into fasting and the different zones so that I could understand how to lose more weight whilst on a fast and wanted to share it with everyone. 

I’m not promoting fasting in any way but I realise a lot of us do it and I want people to be informed and stay safe. Remember to keep yourself hydrated on a fast, drink some water or 0 cal drinks and please take a break if you start to feel sick or dizzy. You come first. 

Anabolic - 0-4hrs

This zone lasts 4 hours on average and is usually spent processing the last meal you ate. After your body breaks down the carbs, protein and fat into glucose, amino acids and fatty acids your body converts this into energy for later use. People who snack a lot or have frequent meals usually spend most hours of the day in this state. 

Depending on your diet and activity levels you can decrease this time, moving into the next zone faster, such as the fat burning zone. 

Catabolic - 4-16hrs

This zone lasts 12 hours on average where the body’s blood glucose and insulin levels drop and you’ll start to use up the stored glycogen and fat for energy, this is called the breakdown state. Glucose is still the primary fuel source in this state, however when your glycogen reserves are nearing empty, you’ll start using fat. 

Depending on how active you are during the day, doing exercise during this time will use up the glycogen stores quicker, moving you into the next zone.

Fat Burning - 16-24hrs

Whilst your body may always be burning fat, this zone is where it accelerates. Your body will now be in fat burning mode. Your body will always use some amount of glucose however it is now more dependant on fatty acids for fuel. Your brain still needs glucose to function, any glucose still being produced within the body will primarily be used by the brain whilst the rest of the body relies on fat for fuel. 

Ketosis - 24-72hrs

Your fast is now a multi-day fast. Exercise can accelerate the transition into this zone. Your primary fuel source is fatty acids and ketone bodies plus glucose. The body now relies more and more on fat and ketone bodies in this state and will prioritise burning fatty acids with ketone bodies being spared for the brain. 

Ketone bodies: this refers to 3 molecule types acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Acetoacetate and BHB can be used for energy production. 

It is suggested that a healthy fast end after 3 days due to health risks. Take a break, eat a meal, drink lots of water and rest. You did well to reach three days, don’t risk your health. 

Deep Ketosis - 3+ Days

The body is now in a prolonged fasting zone. After day 3, glucose and insulin levels stay low and hunger will stay suppressed. You’ll see a decrease in IGF-1 a hormone involved in growth and development. Insulin and Glucose production will fall around 30% or more. 

[llyfrenfys]

Project Update

Bore da! Coming to you today with a little update

As explained in my September Update, I have been focusing on my mental health these past few months due to various life events I've been dealing with, namely;

In mid-March my long-term relationship came to an end and I had to make an emergency move into a new flat due to no longer being able to afford the rent. I was then in hospital due to ketoacidosis (a buildup of ketones in the body which causes the body to be too acidic, which can be life threatening). In April I lost my job due to whistleblowing health and safety concerns (and also experienced direct disability discrimination. I will be taking my former boss to tribunal over this). In July I briefly had a new job, however, due to poor mental health I could not carry on in the role. And in July I was informed that a family member has been diagnosed with a terminal illness.

Despite all these major life changes, I'm still determined to keep on doing what I love (my research) and sharing it with you all. These events have taken their toll, however, and I'm struggling to make ends meet without a job (I have enough in savings for three months of rent, excluding bills and food). I have applied to many jobs in and around Aberystwyth and I hope to hear from one soon.

August was exhausting, after the events of the past few months. But I'm finally feeling well enough to write and create again. I had struggled for months to format my undergraduate dissertation but as of last week I was finally able to finish making edits. I'm happy to announce that I have made it available on a pay-as-you feel basis (you can pay as little as £1!) to help support me in the interim. The link to get a copy is here:

Researchers are welcome to email me at lub57@aber.ac.uk for a free copy.

In addition to this, I'm going to be launching some Welsh-language/Welsh themed LGBTQ+ prints! If you enjoyed my queer Welsh county pride flags, my Welsh Gilbert Baker flag design or my Cardiff pride flag mashups, I will be making these into physical prints (UK, EU and US shipping available) very soon, so do please keep an eye out for that!

Hwyl a diolch yn fawr am darllen,

Luke

[idontmindifuforgetme]

glycolysis gluconeogenesis glycogenesis krebs cycle electron transport chain fermentation pentose phosphate pathway fatty acid synthesis fatty acid oxidation molecular cloning native gels sds-page gel electrophoresis tissue specific metabolism cholesterol metabolism ketone bodies recombinant dna and biotechnology zeroth law of thermodynamics hydrostatics fluid dynamics fluids in physiology nuclear binding energy and mass defect nuclear reactions consciousness-altering drugs drug addiction and the reward pathway in the brain the role of emotion in retrieving memories retrieval cues neural plasticity james-lange theory cannon-bard theory schachter-singer theory biological bases of behavior genetically based behavioral variation in natural populations psychoanalytic perspective dissociative disorders trauma and stressor related disorders drive reduction theory incentive theory bystander effect social loafing habituation and dishabituation operant conditioning fixed-ratio reinforcement prejudice and bias individual vs institutional discrimination microsociology vs macrosociology theories of demographic change.......................

[ms-demeanor]

I went diabetic earlier this year, since then I've had far more serious health concerns to really focus on it. I've listened to my primary care and reduced my average a1c from 13 to 7. I've recently been looking into diets and what not that are the best. Currently, I'm trying to cut out all carbs, on my doctor's orders. What I'm seeing though is that a plant based diet is best. It looks like a ketogenic diet is what my doctor wants me to follow? I've watched videos on both diets and I don't know, I agree with you that keto is evil. What are your thoughts about this?

I am not a medical professional so i can't give you medical advice, but I'd say that you should ask your doctor for a referral to a dietician (an RD or an RDN, NOT a "nutritionist" - RD/RDN are protected terms that mean they have completed specific training and have specific board certification) and ask the dietician for advice on your specific dietary needs for your specific medical conditions.

What I can say is that trying to cut all carbs is pretty dangerous - not only is it a macronutrient that our body uses as the most available fuel for your body processes (we *can* get fuel from protein and fat, and ketones can *theoretically* replace sugars for energy but nobody is actually sure how long our bodies can do that and we know it's a LOT less efficient, it's supposed to be less efficient, and what that means is it makes a lot of people feel exhausted when they try it because they literally have less available energy) but also there are certain nutrients that are fortified in the US that are going to be hard to get if you're cutting carbs completely. The example that I always use is folate, because when I had to cut wheat out of my diet (i have grain allergies and celiac disease) I didn't know to supplement it and ended up with a form of anemia and stuff like "fainting" and "dizziness" and "low oxygen saturation."

Which is part of why massive diet changes should be undertaken with the assistance of a dietician! That's why I started studying nutrition! Because nobody supervised my medically necessary diet changes and it went very poorly!

Your GP very likely doesn't have a ton of training on nutrition, and is even less likely to have training on nutrition specific to your condition. If your GP is telling you to cut all carbs, they are telling you to do something dangerous and not nutritionally sound (even really restrictive keto diets call for 20g of carbs a day). Ask either them or your endocrinologist for a referral to a dietician (again, you are looking for a Registered Dietician or a Registered Dietician Nutritionist, RD or RDN, NOT just 'nutritionist') who is familiar with helping diabetics manage their nutrition.

Now, all of that said, in the choice between two fairly restrictive diets I will always say to try the one that requires less effort. It is much easier to eat a plant-based diet long term than a keto diet, and it is vanishingly unlikely that you are going to end up protein deficient (the primary concern for most people who are starting plant based diets, and it's just not all that likely - we need a lot less protein than a lot of people seem to think; though if you're going completely vegan you do need to be careful to supplement your B vitamins and to ensure that you're getting plenty of omega fats)

Because the thing is, for a diet to "work" you have to be on that diet forever. If you stop being on that diet, and stop adhering to its restrictions, whatever benefits exist for that diet go away. So the best diet for *anybody* is one that will provide them with the nutrients they need in a way that they can access regularly and affordably, that they enjoy eating and can comfortably maintain for long periods of time, and that includes a variety of fruits and vegetables because the only diet advice that is nearly universally applicable is that people should be eating more fruits and vegetables and they should be eating a wider variety of them.

I am not a fan of "diets" as a concept and I think that people should think of nutrition in terms of "my diet" not "the diet that is meant to be one-size-fits-all for millions of people that I am attempting." Your diet is what you eat and drink, and that is what you should be looking at adjusting. If you want to reduce carbs in your diet it's better to tweak your consumption than it is totally replace your diet with a one size fits all keto diet. If you want to increase fat in your diet it is better to tweak your consumption than it is to replace your diet with a one size fits all atkins diet. If you want to go plant based I think it is better to start by adjusting your diet to include more plants and to slowly replace animal based products than by trying a one size fits all vegan diet right out of the gate. You can always (and should!) make adjustments to what you eat as circumstances change and you may end up at a vegan diet or a low carb high fat diet and find that that works for you, but part of the reason that I think nutrition studies on diets are so screwy and hard to pin down is because your body is going to *flip the fuck out* when you change from, say, an average american diet to a study-provided Mediterranean diet for a 12 week experiment. If you drastically change your diet all at once and get good results immediately it's very hard to say if those results will be lasting because your body may just adjust to the "new normal" of your diet six months down the line.

But like seriously if your GP is telling you to cut all carbs you need to see a person who specializes in nutrition, and to prepare for your appointment with that person you should make a list of your goals (for you it sounds like you want to manage your blood sugar levels, reduce a1c, and *ask about* low carbs if that is something that interests you), a list of things you think that you'll have trouble with or that you want to include in your diet because they're important to you (if you really like nuts but have to be on a low fat diet, ask if there's a way to work around that with your needs, for example; if there is a cultural staple that you will find difficult to cut from family meals, TELL THEM THAT), a list of questions that you have about different types of diets, and *VERY IMPORTANTLY* information about your food budget and cooking skills. Be clear about it if you can't cook. Be clear about it if you can't afford certain ingredients.

Anyway. Once again, not medical advice, please speak to a medical professional, good luck.

[pinkbloggerprincess]

HOURLY BENEFITS OF FASTING

4-8 hrs

Blood sugars fall

All food has left the stomach

Insulin is no longer produced

12 hrs

Food consumed has been burned

Digestive system goes to sleep

Body begins healing process

HGH begins to increase

Glucagon is released to balance blood sugars

14 hrs

Body has converted to using stored fat as energy

HGH starts to increase dramatically

16 hrs

Body is ramping up fat burning

18 hrs

HGH starts to skyrocket

24 hrs

Autophagy begins

Drains all glycogen stores

Ketones are released into the blood stream

36 hrs

Autophagy increases by 300%

48 hrs

Autophagy increases 30% more

Immune system reset, and regeneration starts

Increased reduction in inflammatory response

72 hrs

Autophagy maxes out