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stargazer-sims · 2 years ago

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Yet more hospital staff!

Actually, I think I'm done making side characters now. I'm extremely happy with how all of them turned out, and as usually happens with me, I'm sure a few of them will be promoted from supporting cast to something a bit more important.

Anyway...

Dr. Lauren Scully, endocrinologist - She puts up with being called "Agent Scully" (but only from people she likes). She's a diabetes specialist.

Gabriel Duke, Ph.D., paediatric psychologist - He's most noted for being fluent in sign language and having an older brother who's a famous athlete.

Dr. Daniel (Dae-Won) Kim, gastroenterologist - He looks like he can't take a joke, but he's actually quite funny once people get to know him. He's most known for aging well, and for his "mail-order husband". in actuality, Daniel met his (much younger!) husband on an online dating platform. Their engagement was very short, and they eloped, after which they had a lengthy long-distance relationship while Seung-Ri finished his residency. After that, Seung-Ri joined Daniel in Willow Creek and came to work at the hospital.

Dr. Seung-Ri Park, paediatrician - Seung-Ri sometimes goes by his English name, Henry, but actually prefers his Korean name. He is best known for his May-September relationship with fellow physician Daniel Kim, and for constantly being asked by patients' families, "Are you sure you're old enough to be a doctor?" He loves being Daniel's "trophy husband" and getting mistaken for a K-pop idol everywhere they go. Seung-Ri loves kids and is trying to convince Daniel they should adopt one.

Sunday Adebayo, registered dietitian and nutrition consultant - Sunday and his team work directly with patients across various departments. Their job is to help patients develop food plans that align with their treatments, and to help them maintain good health following their diagnosis. Sunday also works with patients who have eating disorders and who are chronically ill. He's most noted for being the hospital's most talented singer, and he can often be heard singing in the corridors.

Ali Ibrahim, chief in-house legal counsel - As the hospital's primary lawyer, Ali's job is to advise administrators and staff on various legal and ethics issues related to service delivery and patient care. Ali and his small in-house legal team also represent the hospital in the event any member of staff (or the hospital itself) is involved in any sort of legal proceeding. He is the husband of paediatric nursing supervisor Laila Alhadi.

Ivy Clarke, Manager of Patient Experience - Ivy is essentially the hospital's PR lady. She and her team field complaints from patients and their families, and do their best to settle any issues before they find their way to Ali's office. Ivy is also the hospital's spokesperson, delivering official statements any time one may be required by the media. She's best known for being the plant lady; her office looks a bit like a jungle.

#made by sapphire #CAS #ts4 #sims 4 #eagames #Gabriel Duke #Lauren Scully #Ali Ibrahim #Seung-Ri Park #Daniel Kim #Sunday Adebayo #willow creek regional hospital #stargazersims

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mybeautifulchristianjourney · 2 years ago

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Today in Christian History

Today is Thursday, April 20th, the 110th day of 2023. There are 255 days left in the year.

Today’s Highlight in History:

1479: Death of Alexander who founded the Orthodox monastery of Oshevensk, experienced miracles, and was a notable spiritual counselor.

1529: At the Second Diet of Speyer, the term “Protestant” is first applied to participants of the Reformation. The term was taken from the Protestatio, a statement by the reformers challenging the imperial stance on religion.

1558: Death of Johannes Bugenhagen, a leading Lutheran reformer, a professor at the University of Wittenberg, and the pastor of the city church there. Bugenhagen had helped Luther with his German Bible translation as well as translating the Bible into Low German himself.

1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament, so-called because it consisted of only a few representatives who still remained. Cromwell lectures them on their vices and their uselessness, saying he is doing this at God’s command: “Depart, I say, and let us have done with you. Go!”

1676: Death of Baptist minister John Clarke, a founding father of Rhode Island, and the agent who obtained the colony’s charter from King Charles II in 1663.

1898: C.H. Spurgeon’s London tabernacle burns down. Efforts to rebuild it commence at once.

1962: Theologian Karl Barth is featured on the cover of Time magazine.

1988: Wilson Rajil Sabiya, a Lutheran theologian, writes a letter to General Ibrahim Babangida, President and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, alerting him to Muslim efforts to make Nigeria an Islamic country by infiltrating the police force.

2001: A Peruvian Air Force aircraft shoots down a private airplane carrying missionaries, killing Veronica Bowers and her infant daughter, Charity.

#Today in Christian History #April 20 #Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament #Spurgeon’s London tabernacle burns down #the Second Diet of Speyer #Death of Baptist minister John Clarke #Death of Johannes Bugenhagen

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alyahanifahsblog · 3 months ago

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Konsep kematangan dan Teori Belajar Behavioristik dan Humanistik

Teori Behavioristik

A. Prinsip Dasar Psikologi Behavioristik

1. Perubahan Perilaku pada Individu menandakan sebuah pembelajaran

Prinsip utama dalam teori Belajar behavioristik yaitu perubahan perilaku yang terjadi pada individu menandakan terjadinya pembelajaran. Jika seseorang mengalami suatu perubahan perilaku dalam dirinya setelah mengalami pengalaman, maka seseorang tersebut telah belajar sesuatu.

2. Fokus pada stimulus dan Respon

Teori Belajar Behavioristik menekankan stimulus dan Respon dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini berarti bahwa proses pembelajaran dapat terjadi ketika seseorang merespon stimulus yang ada di lingkungannya.

3. Penguatan (Reinforcement)

Dalam Teori Behavioristik penguatan merupakan kunci dari teori ini. Penguatan dapat berupa imbalan positif atau negatif yang diberikan setelah perilaku tertentu terjadi. Imbalan positif dapat menimbulkan kemungkinan seseorang melakukan perilaku tersebut terulang di waktu yang akan datang, sementara itu imbalan negatif dapat menimbulkan kemungkinan seseorang mengurangi perilaku tersebut di waktu yang akan datang.

Teori Conditioning Ivan Pavlov

Pavlov melakukan eksperimen di laboratorium nya terhadap seekor anjing dengan melakukan operasi kecil di pipi anjing tersebut dengan memasang saluran kecil di pipinya untuk mengukur aliran air liurnya. saat lampu dinyalakan anjing dapat bergerak sedikit tetapi tidak mengeluarkan air liur. Setelah beberapa detik, diberikan nya bubuk daging sehingga membuat anjing tersebut lapar dan memakannya. Lalu, alat perekam mencatat pengeluaran aliran air liur anjing tersebut. Prosedur ini dilakukan beberapa kali. Kemudian lampu dinyalakan kembali namun tidak diberikan bubuk daging, dan anjing pun tetap mengeluarkan air liurnya.

berdasarkan peristiwa ini, Pavlov kemudian mengembangkan satu study perilaku (behavioral study) yang dikondisikan dan dikenal sebagai classical conditioning. Classical Conditioning merupakan model pembelajaran yang menggunakan stimulus untuk membangkitkan rangsangan secara alamiah melalui stimulus lain.

Contoh penerapan teori conditioning menurut Ivan Pavlov yaitu ketika pada awal tatap muka antara guru dengan murid dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar seorang guru menunjukkan sikap yang ramah dan memberikan pujian terhadap perilaku baik muridnya sehingga para murid dapat terkesan dengan sikap yang ditunjukkan oleh gurunya.

Teori connectionism

1. Watson

Bagi John Broadus Watson metode behaviorisme pada dasarnya berkenaan dengan observasi dengan atau tanpa (Ibrahim dan Muhsyanur, 2022) menggunakan alat, metode-metode pengujian, metode laporan verbal, dan metode refleks terkondisi. Menurutnya, stimulus dan respon harus berbentuk suatu tingkah laku yang dapat diamati. Watson mengabaikan berbagai perubahan mental yang mungkin terjadi dalam belajar dan menganggapnya sebagai faktor yang tak perlu untuk diketahui. Menurut Watson, faktor yang tidak teramati tersebut tidak dapat menjelaskan apakah proses belajar sudah terjadi atau belum, Ia lebih memilih untuk tidak memikirkan hal yang tidak dapat diukur meskipun diakuinya bahwa itu penting. Watson berpendapat bahwa lingkungan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dibandingkan dengan faktor keturunan dalam menentukan tingkah laku dan pengkondisian merupakan kunci memahami tingkah laku

2. clark hull

Clark Leonard Hull merupakan seorang behavioris yang sangat terpengaruhi oleh teori evolusi Charles Darwin. Menurut Hull, semua fungsi tingkah laku bermanfaat terutama untuk menjaga agar organisme tetap hidup. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan biologis dan pemuasan kebutuhan biologi penting dan menempati posisi sentral dalam keseluruhan kegiatan manusia, sehingga stimulus atau motivasi dalam belajar hampir selalu berkaitan dengan kebuthan biologis walaupun respon yang akan muncul bermacam-macam (Muhammad Soleh Hapudin, 2021).

3. edwin guthrie

Konsep yang dikemukakan oleh Guthrie ini berisi makna bahwa belajar pada diri siswa terjadi tidak harus mengulang-ulang urutan antara hubungan stimulus dengan respons, serta tidak memerlukan adanya hadiah. yani Jiwandono, 1989: 56) Berdasarkan teori ini, yang menjadi tugas guru (agar menjadikan siswa belajar) adalah memberikan stimulus kepada siswa, agar nantinya siswa mau merespons dan ini memudahkan siswa untuk belajar. Stimulus yang diberikan ini dapat berupa penciptaan suatu media atau ilustrasi pada bidang materi tertentu.

Implikasi Teori Psikologi Belajar Behavioristik dalam Pembelajaran dan Pengajaran

1. Pembelajaran adalah upaya alih pengetahuan dari guru kepada siswa.

2. Tujuan pembelajaran lebih ditekankan pada bagaimana menambah pengetahuan.

3. Strategi pembelajaran lebih ditekankan pada perolehan keterampilan yang terisolasi dengan akumulasi fakta yang berbasis pada logika liner.

4. Pembelajaran mengikuti aturan kurikulum secara ketat dan belah lebih ditekankan pada keterampilan mengungkapkan kembali apa yang dipelajari.

5. Kegagalan dalam belajar atau ketidak mampuan dalam penambahan pengetahuan dikategorikan sebagai kesalahan yang perlu dihukum, dan keberhasilan atau kemampuan dikategorikan sebagai bentuk perilaku yang pantas diberi hadiah.

6. Evaluasi lebih ditekankan pada respons pasif melalui sistem paper and pencil test dan menuntut hanya ada satu jawaban yang benar. Dengan demikian, evaluasi lebih ditekankan pada hasil dan bukan pada proses, atau sintesis antara keduanya.

Prinsip Dasar Psikologi Humanistik

Pendekatan ini memandang manusia sebagai makhluk yang memiliki kesadaran diri, kebebasan memilih, dan kapasitas untuk bertumbuh dan berkembang. Salah satu tokoh utama dalam psikologi humanistik adalah Abraham Maslow, yang mengembangkan teori hirarki kebutuhan, dan Carl Rogers, yang mengembangkan terapi berpusat pada klien. Kedua tokoh ini menekankan pentingnya memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis dasar untuk mencapai aktualisasi diri, yaitu puncak dari potensi manusia.

Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan belajar yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai humanistik, seperti kepercayaan pada kapasitas siswa, pemahaman mendalam tentang kebutuhan siswa, dan dukungan terhadap perkembangan emosi positif, dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan keterlibatan siswa.

Teori Combs

Teori Combs, yang dikembangkan oleh Arthur W. Combs, merupakan bagian dari pendekatan psikologi humanistik yang berfokus pada persepsi individu sebagai penentu utama dari perilaku dan pengalaman manusia. Combs berpendapat bahwa cara optimal seseorang memandang dunia, termasuk bagaimana ia memandang dirinya sendiri, orang lain, dan situasi di sekitarnya, sangat memengaruhi perilaku mereka.

Menurut Combs, setiap individu memiliki serangkaian persepsi yang bersifat unik dan pribadi, yang kemudian membentuk bagaimana mereka merespons berbagai situasi. Salah satu aplikasi utama dari teori Combs adalah dalam bidang pendidikan dan konseling. Combs mengusulkan bahwa guru dan konselor harus berfokus pada persepsi siswa atau klien mereka untuk memahami dan membantu mereka secara efektif. Ia percaya bahwa dengan memahami bagaimana siswa memandang diri mereka sendiri dan dunia di sekitar mereka, pendidik dapat merancang pendekatan yang lebih efektif untuk mendukung pembelajaran dan perkembangan pribadi.

Teori Maslow dan Kebutuhan Individu

Teori Maslow, yang dikembangkan oleh Abraham Maslow, merupakan salah satu teori psikologi humanistik yang paling dikenal dan berpengaruh. Teori ini berpusat pada konsep bahwa kebutuhan manusia terstruktur dalam bentuk piramida yang dikenal sebagai "Hirarki Kebutuhan". Maslow berpendapat bahwa manusia termotivasi oleh serangkaian kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi secara berurutan, dimulai dari kebutuhan yang paling dasar hingga kebutuhan yang lebih tinggi. Hirarki ini terdiri dari lima tingkatan utama: kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan akan rasa aman, kebutuhan akan cinta dan rasa memiliki, kebutuhan akan penghargaan diri, dan kebutuhan akan aktualisasi diri.

Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Maslow, "What a man can be, he must be," yang menggambarkan dorongan manusia untuk mencapai potensi penuh mereka setelah kebutuhan dasar telah terpenuhi. Teori ini telah memberikan landasan penting dalam memahami motivasi manusia dan telah diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk psikologi, pendidikan, dan manajemen.

Teori Rogers

Teori Carl Rogers, yang dikenal sebagai "Person-Centered Therapy" atau "Client-Centered Therapy," merupakan salah satu pendekatan utama dalam psikologi humanistik. Pendekatan ini berpusat pada tiga elemen utama: empati, penerimaan tanpa syarat (unconditional positive regard), dan keaslian (congruence). Salah satu kutipan terkenal dari Carl Rogers yang merangkum inti dari teorinya adalah: "The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change." Kutipan ini menggambarkan keyakinan Rogers bahwa penerimaan diri adalah kunci untuk perubahan yang nyata

Pengertian Kematangan

Kematangan adalah konsep yang kompleks yang merujuk pada perkembangan individu dari segi fisik, emosional, sosial, dan intelektual hingga mencapai tahap di mana seseorang dianggap telah mencapai kedewasaan atau kebijaksanaan tertentu. Namun, kematangan fisik tidak selalu sejalan dengan kematangan emosional atau sosial, yang mungkin memerlukan waktu lebih lama untuk berkembang seiring dengan pengalaman hidup dan interaksi sosial.

Dari segi emosional, kematangan melibatkan kemampuan individu untuk mengelola perasaan dan emosi mereka dengan cara yang sehat dan konstruktif. Dalam kehidupan sosial, kematangan dapat diukur dari sejauh mana seseorang mampu menjalin dan mempertahankan hubungan yang sehat dan saling mendukung dengan orang lain.

Aspek - Aspek Kematangan

1. Kematangan Fisik

2. Kematangan sosial

3. Kematangan intelektual

4. Kematangan moral

Fungsi Kematangan dalam Proses Perkembangan

Dalam konteks perkembangan emosional, kematangan sangat penting untuk memungkinkan individu mengelola emosi mereka secara sehat. Emosi yang terkelola dengan baik berfungsi sebagai landasan bagi stabilitas mental dan kesejahteraan psikologis.

Selain itu, kematangan intelektual berfungsi sebagai dasar bagi kemampuan individu untuk membuat keputusan yang bijaksana dan berpikir kritis. Dengan kematangan intelektual, seseorang mampu menganalisis situasi secara mendalam, mertimbangkan berbagai sudut pandang, dan mencapai solusi yang logis dan efektif. Secara keseluruhan, kematangan dalam berbagai aspek perkembangan membantu individu untuk menjalani kehidupan yang lebih bermakna, produktif, dan seimbang.

Kematangan dan kesiapan belajar

Kesiapan belajar adalah ketika peserta didik siap menerima materi dan kondisi peserta didik memungkinkan menerima pelajaran. Sebab pada hakikatnya, ketika peserta didik belum siap untuk melaksanakan suatu tugas dalam belajar, maka peserta didik akan mengalami kesulitan untuk menguasai kemampuan ataupun materi yang diberikan dalam pembelajaran. Seorang anak akan belajar secara terarah atau lebih terfokus pada materi pelajaran. Untuk membangkitkan faktor intelektual dan emosi belajar seorang anak, maka perlu mengembangkan dan membiasakan berimajinasi dalam berpikir.

Kesimpulan

Pembahasan tentang konsep kematangan dan teori belajar behavioristik serta humanistik menunjukkan bahwa keduanya memiliki peran penting dalam membentuk strategi pembelajaran yang efektif. Sementara itu, dalam pendekatan humanistik, kematangan dipahami sebagai perkembangan holistik yang melibatkan kesadaran diri, potensi individu, dan pencapaian aktualisasi diri.

Meskipun kedua teori belajar tersebut menawarkan perspektif yang berbeda, mereka dapat saling melengkapi ketika diintegrasikan dengan pemahaman tentang kematangan. Integrasi ini memungkinkan penciptaan lingkungan pembelajaran yang tidak hanya efektif dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan, tetapi juga mendukung perkembangan pribadi siswa secara menyeluruh.

Oleh karena itu, dalam merancang strategi pembelajaran, penting untuk mempertimbangkan kedua pendekatan ini secara seimbang, sambil mengakui peran penting kematangan dalam proses belajar.

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gryficowa · 6 months ago

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You know what sucks? You can share the same collection a million times, and few people will share it to reach people who can help, but your random post written on your knee suddenly has a million reblogs and likes…

Yes, I'm complaining because I usually create different posts for various reasons, although one of the goals is for someone to visit my blog and reach the fundraisers, because unfortunately I don't have much reach and it sucks because creators with greater reach are silent about Gaza, Sudan and Congo

It's possible that tumblr simply doesn't display posts with collections because, well, it's run by Zionists, but that doesn't change the fact that it's frustrating that hardly anyone shares collections, yes, I don't have money myself (Plus I have a completely different currency… ), because I don't make money, which doesn't change the fact that we should share collections even if we don't have money, to reach people who have them, many collections often stand still (At the beginning, middle or near the end), and it often takes a long time before anything moves (Because unfortunately, collections often do not reach people)

It doesn't help that tumblr allows a maximum of 10 links, because then an error message pops up that the post was processed incorrectly

Unfortunately, as I mentioned, tumblr allows a maximum of 10 links, because an error message appears above

#free palastine #free sudan #free congo #donate #israel is a terrorist state #donate if you can #please donate #go fund them #gofundme #donations #fundraiser

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jcmarchi · 1 year ago

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Google at EMNLP 2023

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/google-at-emnlp-2023/

Google at EMNLP 2023

Google is proud to be a Diamond Sponsor of Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2023), a premier annual conference, which is being held this week in Sentosa, Singapore. Google has a strong presence at this year’s conference with over 65 accepted papers and active involvement in 11 workshops and tutorials. Google is also happy to be a Major Sponsor for the Widening NLP workshop (WiNLP), which aims to highlight global representations of people, perspectives, and cultures in AI and ML. We look forward to sharing some of our extensive NLP research and expanding our partnership with the broader research community.

We hope you’ll visit the Google booth to chat with researchers who are actively pursuing the latest innovations in NLP, and check out some of the scheduled booth activities (e.g., demos and Q&A sessions listed below). Visit the @GoogleAI X (Twitter) and LinkedIn accounts to find out more about the Google booth activities at EMNLP 2023.

Take a look below to learn more about the Google research being presented at EMNLP 2023 (Google affiliations in bold).

This schedule is subject to change. Please visit the Google booth for more information.

Adaptation with Self-Evaluation to Improve Selective Prediction in LLMs Jiefeng Chen*, Jinsung Yoon, Sayna Ebrahimi, Sercan O Arik, Tomas Pfister, Somesh Jha

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Tool-Assisted Generation Strategies Alon Jacovi*, Avi Caciularu, Jonathan Herzig, Roee Aharoni, Bernd Bohnet, Mor Geva

1-PAGER: One Pass Answer Generation and Evidence Retrieval Palak Jain, Livio Baldini Soares, Tom Kwiatkowski

MaXM: Towards Multilingual Visual Question Answering Soravit Changpinyo, Linting Xue, Michal Yarom, Ashish V. Thapliyal, Idan Szpektor, Julien Amelot, Xi Chen, Radu Soricut

SDOH-NLI: A Dataset for Inferring Social Determinants of Health from Clinical Notes Adam D. Lelkes, Eric Loreaux*, Tal Schuster, Ming-Jun Chen, Alvin Rajkomar

Machine Reading Comprehension Using Case-based Reasoning Dung Ngoc Thai, Dhruv Agarwal, Mudit Chaudhary, Wenlong Zhao, Rajarshi Das, Jay-Yoon Lee, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Manzil Zaheer, Andrew McCallum

Cross-lingual Open-Retrieval Question Answering for African Languages Odunayo Ogundepo, Tajuddeen Gwadabe, Clara E. Rivera, Jonathan H. Clark, Sebastian Ruder, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Bonaventure F. P. Dossou, Abdou Aziz DIOP, Claytone Sikasote, Gilles HACHEME, Happy Buzaaba, Ignatius Ezeani, Rooweither Mabuya, Salomey Osei, Chris Chinenye Emezue, Albert Kahira, Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Akintunde Oladipo, Abraham Toluwase Owodunni, Atnafu Lambebo Tonja, Iyanuoluwa Shode, Akari Asai, Anuoluwapo Aremu, Ayodele Awokoya, Bernard Opoku, Chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke, Christine Mwase, Clemencia Siro, Stephen Arthur, Tunde Oluwaseyi Ajayi, Verrah Akinyi Otiende, Andre Niyongabo Rubungo, Boyd Sinkala, Daniel Ajisafe, Emeka Felix Onwuegbuzia, Falalu Ibrahim Lawan, Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Jesujoba Oluwadara Alabi, CHINEDU EMMANUEL MBONU, Mofetoluwa Adeyemi, Mofya Phiri, Orevaoghene Ahia, Ruqayya Nasir Iro, Sonia Adhiambo

On Uncertainty Calibration and Selective Generation in Probabilistic Neural Summarization: A Benchmark Study Polina Zablotskaia, Du Phan, Joshua Maynez, Shashi Narayan, Jie Ren, Jeremiah Zhe Liu

Epsilon Sampling Rocks: Investigating Sampling Strategies for Minimum Bayes Risk Decoding for Machine Translation Markus Freitag, Behrooz Ghorbani*, Patrick Fernandes*

Sources of Hallucination by Large Language Models on Inference Tasks Nick McKenna, Tianyi Li, Liang Cheng, Mohammad Javad Hosseini, Mark Johnson, Mark Steedman

Don’t Add, Don’t Miss: Effective Content Preserving Generation from Pre-selected Text Spans Aviv Slobodkin, Avi Caciularu, Eran Hirsch, Ido Dagan

What Makes Chain-of-Thought Prompting Effective? A Counterfactual Study Aman Madaan*, Katherine Hermann, Amir Yazdanbakhsh

Understanding HTML with Large Language Models Izzeddin Gur, Ofir Nachum, Yingjie Miao, Mustafa Safdari, Austin Huang, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Noah Fiedel, Aleksandra Faust

Improving the Robustness of Summarization Models by Detecting and Removing Input Noise Kundan Krishna*, Yao Zhao, Jie Ren, Balaji Lakshminarayanan, Jiaming Luo, Mohammad Saleh, Peter J. Liu

In-Context Learning Creates Task Vectors Roee Hendel, Mor Geva, Amir Globerson

Pre-training Without Attention Junxiong Wang, Jing Nathan Yan, Albert Gu, Alexander M Rush

MUX-PLMs: Data Multiplexing for High-Throughput Language Models Vishvak Murahari, Ameet Deshpande, Carlos E Jimenez, Izhak Shafran, Mingqiu Wang, Yuan Cao, Karthik R Narasimhan

PaRaDe: Passage Ranking Using Demonstrations with LLMs Andrew Drozdov*, Honglei Zhuang, Zhuyun Dai, Zhen Qin, Razieh Rahimi, Xuanhui Wang, Dana Alon, Mohit Iyyer, Andrew McCallum, Donald Metzler*, Kai Hui

Long-Form Speech Translation Through Segmentation with Finite-State Decoding Constraints on Large Language Models Arya D. McCarthy, Hao Zhang, Shankar Kumar, Felix Stahlberg, Ke Wu

Unsupervised Opinion Summarization Using Approximate Geodesics Somnath Basu Roy Chowdhury*, Nicholas Monath, Kumar Avinava Dubey, Amr Ahmed, Snigdha Chaturvedi

SQLPrompt: In-Context Text-to-SQL with Minimal Labeled Data Ruoxi Sun, Sercan O. Arik, Rajarishi Sinha, Hootan Nakhost, Hanjun Dai, Pengcheng Yin, Tomas Pfister

Retrieval-Augmented Parsing for Complex Graphs by Exploiting Structure and Uncertainty Zi Lin, Quan Yuan, Panupong Pasupat, Jeremiah Zhe Liu, Jingbo Shang

A Zero-Shot Language Agent for Computer Control with Structured Reflection Tao Li, Gang Li, Zhiwei Deng, Bryan Wang*, Yang Li

Pragmatics in Language Grounding: Phenomena, Tasks, and Modeling Approaches Daniel Fried, Nicholas Tomlin, Jennifer Hu, Roma Patel, Aida Nematzadeh

Improving Classifier Robustness Through Active Generation of Pairwise Counterfactuals Ananth Balashankar, Xuezhi Wang, Yao Qin, Ben Packer, Nithum Thain, Jilin Chen, Ed H. Chi, Alex Beutel

mmT5: Modular Multilingual Pre-training Solves Source Language Hallucinations Jonas Pfeiffer, Francesco Piccinno, Massimo Nicosia, Xinyi Wang, Machel Reid, Sebastian Ruder

Scaling Laws vs Model Architectures: How Does Inductive Bias Influence Scaling? Yi Tay, Mostafa Dehghani, Samira Abnar, Hyung Won Chung, William Fedus, Jinfeng Rao, Sharan Narang, Vinh Q. Tran, Dani Yogatama, Donald Metzler

TaTA: A Multilingual Table-to-Text Dataset for African Languages Sebastian Gehrmann, Sebastian Ruder, Vitaly Nikolaev, Jan A. Botha, Michael Chavinda, Ankur P Parikh, Clara E. Rivera

XTREME-UP: A User-Centric Scarce-Data Benchmark for Under-Represented Languages Sebastian Ruder, Jonathan H. Clark, Alexander Gutkin, Mihir Kale, Min Ma, Massimo Nicosia, Shruti Rijhwani, Parker Riley, Jean Michel Amath Sarr, Xinyi Wang, John Frederick Wieting, Nitish Gupta, Anna Katanova, Christo Kirov, Dana L Dickinson, Brian Roark, Bidisha Samanta, Connie Tao, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Vera Axelrod, Isaac Rayburn Caswell, Colin Cherry, Dan Garrette, Reeve Ingle, Melvin Johnson, Dmitry Panteleev, Partha Talukdar

q2d: Turning Questions into Dialogs to Teach Models How to Search Yonatan Bitton, Shlomi Cohen-Ganor, Ido Hakimi, Yoad Lewenberg, Roee Aharoni, Enav Weinreb

Emergence of Abstract State Representations in Embodied Sequence Modeling Tian Yun*, Zilai Zeng, Kunal Handa, Ashish V Thapliyal, Bo Pang, Ellie Pavlick, Chen Sun

Evaluating and Modeling Attribution for Cross-Lingual Question Answering Benjamin Muller*, John Wieting, Jonathan H. Clark, Tom Kwiatkowski, Sebastian Ruder, Livio Baldini Soares, Roee Aharoni, Jonathan Herzig, Xinyi Wang

Weakly-Supervised Learning of Visual Relations in Multimodal Pre-training Emanuele Bugliarello, Aida Nematzadeh, Lisa Anne Hendricks

How Do Languages Influence Each Other? Studying Cross-Lingual Data Sharing During LM Fine-Tuning Rochelle Choenni, Dan Garrette, Ekaterina Shutova

CompoundPiece: Evaluating and Improving Decompounding Performance of Language Models Benjamin Minixhofer, Jonas Pfeiffer, Ivan Vulić

IC3: Image Captioning by Committee Consensus David Chan, Austin Myers, Sudheendra Vijayanarasimhan, David A Ross, John Canny

The Curious Case of Hallucinatory (Un)answerability: Finding Truths in the Hidden States of Over-Confident Large Language Models Aviv Slobodkin, Omer Goldman, Avi Caciularu, Ido Dagan, Shauli Ravfogel

Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Tasks Jiao Sun, Yufei Tian, Wangchunshu Zhou, Nan Xu, Qian Hu, Rahul Gupta, John Wieting, Nanyun Peng, Xuezhe Ma

Ties Matter: Meta-Evaluating Modern Metrics with Pairwise Accuracy and Tie Calibration Daniel Deutsch, George Foster, Markus Freitag

Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1% Extra Compute Yi Tay*, Jason Wei*, Hyung Won Chung*, Vinh Q. Tran, David R. So*, Siamak Shakeri, Xavier Garcia, Huaixiu Steven Zheng, Jinfeng Rao, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Denny Zhou, Donald Metzler, Slav Petrov, Neil Houlsby, Quoc V. Le, Mostafa Dehghani

Data Similarity is Not Enough to Explain Language Model Performance Gregory Yauney*, Emily Reif, David Mimno

Self-Influence Guided Data Reweighting for Language Model Pre-training Megh Thakkar*, Tolga Bolukbasi, Sriram Ganapathy, Shikhar Vashishth, Sarath Chandar, Partha Talukdar

ReTAG: Reasoning Aware Table to Analytic Text Generation Deepanway Ghosal, Preksha Nema, Aravindan Raghuveer

GATITOS: Using a New Multilingual Lexicon for Low-Resource Machine Translation Alex Jones*, Isaac Caswell, Ishank Saxena

Video-Helpful Multimodal Machine Translation Yihang Li, Shuichiro Shimizu, Chenhui Chu, Sadao Kurohashi, Wei Li

Symbol Tuning Improves In-Context Learning in Language Models Jerry Wei*, Le Hou, Andrew Kyle Lampinen, Xiangning Chen*, Da Huang, Yi Tay*, Xinyun Chen, Yifeng Lu, Denny Zhou, Tengyu Ma*, Quoc V Le

“Don’t Take This Out of Context!” On the Need for Contextual Models and Evaluations for Stylistic Rewriting Akhila Yerukola, Xuhui Zhou, Elizabeth Clark, Maarten Sap

QAmeleon: Multilingual QA with Only 5 Examples Priyanka Agrawal, Chris Alberti, Fantine Huot, Joshua Maynez, Ji Ma, Sebastian Ruder, Kuzman Ganchev, Dipanjan Das, Mirella Lapata

Speak, Read and Prompt: High-Fidelity Text-to-Speech with Minimal Supervision Eugene Kharitonov, Damien Vincent, Zalán Borsos, Raphaël Marinier, Sertan Girgin, Olivier Pietquin, Matt Sharifi, Marco Tagliasacchi, Neil Zeghidour

AnyTOD: A Programmable Task-Oriented Dialog System Jeffrey Zhao, Yuan Cao, Raghav Gupta, Harrison Lee, Abhinav Rastogi, Mingqiu Wang, Hagen Soltau, Izhak Shafran, Yonghui Wu

Selectively Answering Ambiguous Questions Jeremy R. Cole, Michael JQ Zhang, Daniel Gillick, Julian Martin Eisenschlos, Bhuwan Dhingra, Jacob Eisenstein

PRESTO: A Multilingual Dataset for Parsing Realistic Task-Oriented Dialogs (see blog post) Rahul Goel, Waleed Ammar, Aditya Gupta, Siddharth Vashishtha, Motoki Sano, Faiz Surani*, Max Chang, HyunJeong Choe, David Greene, Chuan He, Rattima Nitisaroj, Anna Trukhina, Shachi Paul, Pararth Shah, Rushin Shah, Zhou Yu

LM vs LM: Detecting Factual Errors via Cross Examination Roi Cohen, May Hamri, Mor Geva, Amir Globerson

A Suite of Generative Tasks for Multi-Level Multimodal Webpage Understanding Andrea Burns*, Krishna Srinivasan, Joshua Ainslie, Geoff Brown, Bryan A. Plummer, Kate Saenko, Jianmo Ni, Mandy Guo

AfriSenti: A Twitter Sentiment Analysis Benchmark for African Languages Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, Idris Abdulmumin, Abinew Ali Ayele, Nedjma Ousidhoum, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Seid Muhie Yimam, Ibrahim Said Ahmad, Meriem Beloucif, Saif M. Mohammad, Sebastian Ruder, Oumaima Hourrane, Alipio Jorge, Pavel Brazdil, Felermino D. M. A. Ali, Davis David, Salomey Osei, Bello Shehu-Bello, Falalu Ibrahim Lawan, Tajuddeen Gwadabe, Samuel Rutunda, Tadesse Destaw Belay, Wendimu Baye Messelle, Hailu Beshada Balcha, Sisay Adugna Chala, Hagos Tesfahun Gebremichael, Bernard Opoku, Stephen Arthur

Optimizing Retrieval-Augmented Reader Models via Token Elimination Moshe Berchansky, Peter Izsak, Avi Caciularu, Ido Dagan, Moshe Wasserblat

SEAHORSE: A Multilingual, Multifaceted Dataset for Summarization Evaluation Elizabeth Clark, Shruti Rijhwani, Sebastian Gehrmann, Joshua Maynez, Roee Aharoni, Vitaly Nikolaev, Thibault Sellam, Aditya Siddhant, Dipanjan Das, Ankur P Parikh

GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpoints Joshua Ainslie, James Lee-Thorp, Michiel de Jong*, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Federico Lebron, Sumit Sanghai

CoLT5: Faster Long-Range Transformers with Conditional Computation Joshua Ainslie, Tao Lei, Michiel de Jong, Santiago Ontanon, Siddhartha Brahma, Yury Zemlyanskiy, David Uthus, Mandy Guo, James Lee-Thorp, Yi Tay, Yun-Hsuan Sung, Sumit Sanghai

Improving Diversity of Demographic Representation in Large Language Models via Collective-Critiques and Self-Voting Preethi Lahoti, Nicholas Blumm, Xiao Ma, Raghavendra Kotikalapudi, Sahitya Potluri, Qijun Tan, Hansa Srinivasan, Ben Packer, Ahmad Beirami, Alex Beutel, Jilin Chen

Universal Self-Adaptive Prompting (see blog post) Xingchen Wan*, Ruoxi Sun, Hootan Nakhost, Hanjun Dai, Julian Martin Eisenschlos, Sercan O. Arik, Tomas Pfister

TrueTeacher: Learning Factual Consistency Evaluation with Large Language Models Zorik Gekhman, Jonathan Herzig, Roee Aharoni, Chen Elkind, Idan Szpektor

Hierarchical Pre-training on Multimodal Electronic Health Records Xiaochen Wang, Junyu Luo, Jiaqi Wang, Ziyi Yin, Suhan Cui, Yuan Zhong, Yaqing Wang, Fenglong Ma

NAIL: Lexical Retrieval Indices with Efficient Non-Autoregressive Decoders Livio Baldini Soares, Daniel Gillick, Jeremy R. Cole, Tom Kwiatkowski

How Does Generative Retrieval Scale to Millions of Passages? Ronak Pradeep*, Kai Hui, Jai Gupta, Adam D. Lelkes, Honglei Zhuang, Jimmy Lin, Donald Metzler, Vinh Q. Tran

Make Every Example Count: On the Stability and Utility of Self-Influence for Learning from Noisy NLP Datasets Irina Bejan*, Artem Sokolov, Katja Filippova

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irastayshome · 1 year ago

Text

Superpowers

6th July 2023

Dear Ibrahim,

I lied to you today. When you’d asked me who my favourite super hero was, I said it was Batman. To be honest, I was probably just thinking of Christian Bale, the actor who plays Batman in one of the Batman movies, because I think he is handsome. Not as handsome as your ayah though.

I even told you all about why Batman was my favourite. That he’d faced his own fears of bats and the dark, so that he would not be afraid anymore, and would no longer have a weakness that villains could prey on. Then Idris kept asking very relevant questions that interrupted this ‘inspiring’ message I was trying to give about superheroes. “Mama, what is superman afraid of?”

Hmm. Of course any fool knows about kryptonite. But if I went with that, then the predicted series of questions that’d follow would be where does kryptonite come from, what is in kryptonite that makes superman weak, how do the villains get these mysterious stones. Naturally, Idris had asked all these questions by the time I actually thought through my alternative response.

(One day, when you get married and you see your wife’s eyes glaze over or possibly pointing away from each other, or even when she’s answering you by just repeating the last word in your question with a questioning tone, you’ll know that she’s actually not really listening and doing a lot more in her mind. That is not the time to ask her important questions like what does she want for her birthday.)

But back to Idris and his innocent questions that strangely often verges on existential in nature. I thought about it, and it was actually simple, and universal for all superheroes. Why do superheroes wear a mask or disguise themselves in some way? Aside from hiding some hideous deformity, they do so because they need to remain anonymous. Not out of humility, or shame, or to intimidate. They disguise themselves to protect the ones they love from being preyed on by the superheroes’ enemies. Superman was invulnerable, as we’ve read the other day. (I hope you guys still remember my very graphic explanation of the word invulnerable.) No bullet was able to catch up to him, let alone pierce his skin. Yet the one thing that could strike him right through his heart was when villains tried to hurt Lois Lane.

To be honest my only knowledge of superman, apart from books I’ve read to you, is from Smallville, a tv show mama used to watch when I was a teenage girl. Back in Smallville, Clark Kent’s weakness was Lana Lang. Please don’t google Lana Lang. You’ll start to realise what a big beautiful world of women there are out there and I won’t be hearing anymore “mama you are the most beautiful woman in the world” anymore. I live for those affirmations you give.

There are many days when I look like I’ve moved on, and sometimes I myself am convinced that life will be okay after all without your ayah. But you see, mama puts on masks too. This mask helps me wake up, send the two of you to school with a reassuring smile and a “I love you, have a good day in school today”, have breakfast for one in the hawker centre with my prata and teh-o, then carry on with the rest of the day. There are times, however, when the mask comes off. Days that are tiring, or too noisy, or when I get reminded of the bad times when ayah was unwell or the bad times when your grandmother hurt us. The mask gets too heavy and I cannot breathe, so I take it off for a moment. And I sit and cry in the car for 20 minutes with the engine turned off. Or I wash the toilet aggressively and allow all the hurtful memories come out of my mind and into my arms, giving them strength to scrub off all those mildews. I put on my mask because I wanted to protect you and Idris from getting hurt by my hurt. Today, however, you helped me look at that mask in a different way.

Once again, I’d used hurtful words that really cut deep because I could not get the two of you into the toilet before it got dark. As we lay in the dark, both of you by my side, the air rife with the tension of skipping story time before bed, I finally let go. People are often mean because they are hurt, I said, and are not comfortable with that hurt staying inside their body, and thought they needed to let it out on someone else. It never works, and they feel worse after that because on top of that hurt they were already feeling, they now feel bad about hurting someone else too. Nobody likes feeling bad, and sometimes it makes us feel so ashamed of ourselves that we need to hide out. That’s where my mask came back on, a different mask. The one both of you are so familiar with by now. “Mama is angry at us” mask. In truth, that second mask was also a lie. More than anything, I wanted to save you from having to pluck up the courage to talk to me while I looked so angry and terrifying. But I felt I had done too much bad, that you would not believe me if I tried to apologize. Instead, I walked past you and watched you write down on a piece of paper: “I am noting, becos I am not a good boy and I am not smat”. That mask I put on, cracked in two. More than that, my heart broke in two.

The hurt mama feels, every minute of the day, is simple. I miss ayah.

I miss ayah when I wake up and I can’t hear his snores, nor can I hit him across his chest to tell him it’s his turn to make your breakfast. I miss ayah when I saw your friends and their fathers on family day, cheering them on and high-fiving them. I miss ayah when a fever is burning through my body and I cannot breathe properly, and I hear Idris call out to me to tell me he needs to poop. I miss him every minute of the day, and on some days, it is just too much hurt. It needed to come out, and the mask that I put on to protect everyone else from this hurt, was suffocating me. But I held on and on, until I saw that you had also started to put on a mask. “I am nothing” mask.

I am putting away my mask now. We do not need to protect each other from our feelings, because the only way to be kind to one another is to listen, and understand what the other person is going through. As I began to cry hard, with all the memories of ayah rushing into my head, you sat up and hugged me. I cried harder and harder and you hugged me tighter, not offering any words to save me from feeling what I was feeling. You gave me permission to take out my mask, and say what was making me hurt. And as my sobs died down to sniffles, you pulled away so you could look at me, and gave me a kiss.

Ibrahim, that is your super power. I once told you that Allah had gifted you with a huge heart, that made it easier for you to feel other people’s hurt. I’ve looked at it at one way for so long, that I’ve forgotten to look at it in a glass half full kind of way. You held space for an adult who was hurting in a deep and ugly way, who had just lashed out and attacked you for being yourself, and you helped me mend the bridge I was too ashamed to fix. Compassion is your super power, and it is more powerful and superior to any other power you think you need in this toxic world. As you looked at me, smiled and gave me a peck, I almost broke into tears once more, because it felt like dejavu. Your ayah used to look at me, and kiss me, just like that whenever I had apologised for something I did wrong. In that moment, of me missing ayah too much I could not stop crying in the dark, you saved me.

Another day, perhaps tomorrow, I know I will start the next round of worrying about whether I am putting too much emotional responsibility on my 6-year old child and whether you’d start to feel you need to rescue me from everything. But for tonight, if ayah was indeed watching all that as I’d like to believe, then I know he would also have felt proud as I do that our son is a superhero.

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