#battery chemistry

[techdriveplay]

What Is the Average Lifespan of Electric Car Batteries?

Electric cars are gaining popularity worldwide due to their environmental benefits and the push towards sustainable transportation. One common question among potential buyers is, “What is the average lifespan of electric car batteries?” This article will delve into the lifespan of these batteries, supported by relevant statistics, and explore factors that affect their longevity. Key…

[medicaldevicesindustrynews]

Nickel Cadmium Battery Market is Led by APAC

The nickel cadmium battery market was USD 1,541.6 million in 2023, which will touch USD 1,888.6 million, with a 3.0% compound annual growth rate, by 2030. Industry players are continuously trying to include modern technology in these devices, to remain competitive, considering the regular arrival of new technologies. The vented category, on the basis of cell type, accounted for the larger share…

[abatterylab]

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their role in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. As the world recognizes the need for cleaner transportation options, advancements in battery technology play a key role in driving EV adoption. In this article, we will trace the evolution of battery technology in electric vehicles from the early days to current advances, and discuss future trends that are promising for the electric vehicle industry.

[mindblowingscience]

Water and electronics don't usually mix, but as it turns out, batteries could benefit from some H2O. By replacing the hazardous chemical electrolytes used in commercial batteries with water, scientists have developed a recyclable 'water battery' – and solved key issues with the emerging technology, which could be a safer and greener alternative.

Continue Reading.

[facts-i-just-made-up]

Modern power cells could maintain stability by using ionic bonds to control their electrical charge, but this is illegal as it would result in a salt and battery.

[covenawhite66]

Lithium Sulfur batteries replacing lithium ion batteries. By using sulfur-rich pyrite.

[unsympatheticchemprof]

[simplytiredtransboy]

I fucking hate being HoH like it's so fucked that we have to pay for the ability to hear?? Like you don't have money? Then you don't get to hear!

[your-god-empress-lavender]

Calcium sulphur batteries (uwu)

Okay, so, i've become interested in z-pinch studies for aerospace purposes (i'm really excited about the prospects, everything works on paper, but i naturally want to actually witness p+N14 fusion for above 0.01% of available protons before i go trying to get the materials to build a real liquid fueled SSTO fusion rocket, especially since there are thousands of folks way smarter than me who have presumably thought of this before and we don't have it yet, so yeah). Anyways, if i want the extremely large electricity input without making my electricity bill higher than a whole month's rent and getting my roommates mad at me, i'll need to collect solar or wind in a battery bank. Since lithium batteries are just about all immoral and expensive (yes i am writing this on a device powered by lithium batteries, it would be lovely if capitalists would take a hint and switch to things that just objectively perform better and are cheaper, but whatever), i figured this would be a nice excuse to experiment around with some new battery designs. Since all of them will require sulphur, i won't be able to really get into it before mid may due to some concerns about the smell and risks of getting sulphur powder everywhere (it's very yellow and hard to clean out), but i felt i might as well share my preliminary ideas. First off, in order to make the organic sulphur polymer, i'm looking to explore mostly citrate based polymers, perhaps with phenylalanine mixed in in order to both give more bulk as well as providing nitrogens for sulphenamides to form. Since i'll need urea later, i was also considering partially polymerizing urea with citric acid and adding that into the molten sulphur mix, but i'm less confident in the stability of that and a bit concerned about the potential noxious fumes produced. Regardless, that's the short of the sulphur cathode, details will definitely change after i refind that paper which went over a great way of preventing insoluble polysulphide production. I'm also gonna experiment with anode material and even the ions i use. I know i said "calcium sulphur batteries" in the title, but due to how common aluminium is and how much easier magnesium is to work with (and the fact that their specific energies are higher), i'll also be considering those two. Even beyond that, there are so many potential anode materials, including even amorphous carbon and carbon nitrides which i'd love to test since there's just so much to improve on and i'd rather do a lot of experiments with cheap to make materials and potentially land on a great solution than accept something subpar because it took less effort. Anyways, of the materials i plan on using, there's magnesium sulphate, aluminium sulphate, calcium chloride, potentially other calcium salts (is the salt with taurine soluble in water? IDK, can't find an answer so i'll test it), charcoal, vegetable oil, urea, and phenylalanine. Those may seem like an unrelated hodgepodge of compounds, but they've been chosen because they're what i have/will soon have and they're also all extremely cheap. If the urea works out well in the battery, i may have to make this project a meme and attempt to make a z-pinch device with as much urine as possible (use it to make ammonia for the plasma, to make the batteries, and i'm sure there's some way to use urine in a capacitor (maybe just distilling off the water to use as a dielectric? idk, it's been a while since i tried making a capacitor)).

Anyway, i really didn't expect this long trainwreck of a post to end with discussions of urine, but what can you do? This is all probably nonsensical, even by my standards, but basically i want batteries and i think i can make them cheaper per megajoule of stored energy than the ones i could buy, even accounting for the inevitable failed experiments.

[sqvaredpaper]

11/01/2024

Lab day tomorrowwwww

Hello! Good evening!

I am sat painstakingly making my way through a lab book write up, my brain is too full for this so I'm going to have a nice bath with a fancy bath bomb to relax a bit!

(ignore the handwriting)

ANYWAY tomorrow is a 6½ hour lab day which I will not enjoy, as I have to actually remember what happens in it afterward for a results discussion next week :(((((

other than that, I've had a good day! My group for this one project made a survey, if you take it I would be most appreciative! It's a research survey about how much awareness there is around the disposal of lithium ion batteries!

send it to people too? Pls? :)

[teachersource]

Alessandro Volta was born on February 18, 1745. An Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power who is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane. Volta proved that electricity could be generated chemically and debunked the prevalent theory that electricity was generated solely by living beings.

[viksalos]

considering adopting some kind of carl sagan life arc. be raised reform jewish, be a constant advocate of balancing skepticism with wonder, ultimately make no definitive claims about god. publish a bunch of papers. fling some kinda record into space. smoke a shitload of weed

[a9saga]

tbt - day6 - sweet chaos // why the fUCK haven’t i listened to day6 in so many months??? i literally just listened to them for hours and played solitaire today

[scienceandtechworld]

Aluminum batteries I believe will replace lithium due to lasting longer, charging faster, and being resistant to blowing up.

[mindblowingscience]

The “white gold” of clean energy, lithium is a key ingredient in batteries large and small, from those powering phones and laptops to grid-scale energy storage systems. Though relatively abundant, the silvery-white metal could soon be in short supply due to a complex sourcing landscape affected by the electric vehicle (EV) boom, net-zero goals, and geopolitical factors. Valued at over $65 billion in 2023, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) global market is expected to grow by over 23% in the next eight years, likely heightening existing challenges in lithium supply.

Continue Reading.

[jcmarchi]

AI model can reveal the structures of crystalline materials

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/ai-model-can-reveal-the-structures-of-crystalline-materials/

AI model can reveal the structures of crystalline materials

For more than 100 years, scientists have been using X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of crystalline materials such as metals, rocks, and ceramics.

This technique works best when the crystal is intact, but in many cases, scientists have only a powdered version of the material, which contains random fragments of the crystal. This makes it more challenging to piece together the overall structure.

MIT chemists have now come up with a new generative AI model that can make it much easier to determine the structures of these powdered crystals. The prediction model could help researchers characterize materials for use in batteries, magnets, and many other applications.

“Structure is the first thing that you need to know for any material. It’s important for superconductivity, it’s important for magnets, it’s important for knowing what photovoltaic you created. It’s important for any application that you can think of which is materials-centric,” says Danna Freedman, the Frederick George Keyes Professor of Chemistry at MIT.

Freedman and Jure Leskovec, a professor of computer science at Stanford University, are the senior authors of the new study, which appears today in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. MIT graduate student Eric Riesel and Yale University undergraduate Tsach Mackey are the lead authors of the paper.

Distinctive patterns

Crystalline materials, which include metals and most other inorganic solid materials, are made of lattices that consist of many identical, repeating units. These units can be thought of as “boxes” with a distinctive shape and size, with atoms arranged precisely within them.

When X-rays are beamed at these lattices, they diffract off atoms with different angles and intensities, revealing information about the positions of the atoms and the bonds between them. Since the early 1900s, this technique has been used to analyze materials, including biological molecules that have a crystalline structure, such as DNA and some proteins.

For materials that exist only as a powdered crystal, solving these structures becomes much more difficult because the fragments don’t carry the full 3D structure of the original crystal.

“The precise lattice still exists, because what we call a powder is really a collection of microcrystals. So, you have the same lattice as a large crystal, but they’re in a fully randomized orientation,” Freedman says.

For thousands of these materials, X-ray diffraction patterns exist but remain unsolved. To try to crack the structures of these materials, Freedman and her colleagues trained a machine-learning model on data from a database called the Materials Project, which contains more than 150,000 materials. First, they fed tens of thousands of these materials into an existing model that can simulate what the X-ray diffraction patterns would look like. Then, they used those patterns to train their AI model, which they call Crystalyze, to predict structures based on the X-ray patterns.

The model breaks the process of predicting structures into several subtasks. First, it determines the size and shape of the lattice “box” and which atoms will go into it. Then, it predicts the arrangement of atoms within the box. For each diffraction pattern, the model generates several possible structures, which can be tested by feeding the structures into a model that determines diffraction patterns for a given structure.

“Our model is generative AI, meaning that it generates something that it hasn’t seen before, and that allows us to generate several different guesses,” Riesel says. “We can make a hundred guesses, and then we can predict what the powder pattern should look like for our guesses. And then if the input looks exactly like the output, then we know we got it right.”

Solving unknown structures

The researchers tested the model on several thousand simulated diffraction patterns from the Materials Project. They also tested it on more than 100 experimental diffraction patterns from the RRUFF database, which contains powdered X-ray diffraction data for nearly 14,000 natural crystalline minerals, that they had held out of the training data. On these data, the model was accurate about 67 percent of the time. Then, they began testing the model on diffraction patterns that hadn’t been solved before. These data came from the Powder Diffraction File, which contains diffraction data for more than 400,000 solved and unsolved materials.

Using their model, the researchers came up with structures for more than 100 of these previously unsolved patterns. They also used their model to discover structures for three materials that Freedman’s lab created by forcing elements that do not react at atmospheric pressure to form compounds under high pressure. This approach can be used to generate new materials that have radically different crystal structures and physical properties, even though their chemical composition is the same.

Graphite and diamond — both made of pure carbon — are examples of such materials. The materials that Freedman has developed, which each contain bismuth and one other element, could be useful in the design of new materials for permanent magnets.

“We found a lot of new materials from existing data, and most importantly, solved three unknown structures from our lab that comprise the first new binary phases of those combinations of elements,” Freedman says.

Being able to determine the structures of powdered crystalline materials could help researchers working in nearly any materials-related field, according to the MIT team, which has posted a web interface for the model at crystalyze.org.

The research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.