#ak vs ar

[phoenixrock429-blog]

So when you watch guntubers and are into Hetalia. You're seeing Alfred vs Ivan here. If only I could draw worth a crap......

[oriental-sea-witch]

Which Will You Choose?

Romania's PM md.63 AKM (WASR 10/63)

America's M-16A2 (AR-15A2 HBAR)

Debating between the AR and AK platform is pointless. Just get both and be happy.

[transjohnnycash]

Guy who talks for hours about one specific thing and then realizes he just spent hours talking about that one specific thing which gets him talking more about that one specific thing

[tournamentstuck]

On review, this tournament seems a bit convoluted. But I wouldn't have it any other way.

!! Freshest Artifact To Get Into Hands With Intent Of Harm !!

This is the masterpost for the tournament! I will be linking each individual poll underneath as the tournament goes on.

Propaganda is welcomed and encouraged! I will reblog any and all that comes my way.

Due to the size and diversity of weapons in Homestuck I have divided the tournament into pools. This is so we dont have two swords or two hammers or two assault rifles for the finals so on so forth. To keep track of pools with more than one round of brackets, these pool-brackets will now be called Acts. If a Pool doesn't have more than one Act it will not be refereed to with one.

--Round One Pool One Act OneCutlass of Zillywair VS Occam's Razor

Bec Noir's Body Sword Thing VS Human Pornography Sword

Caledfwlch VS Snoop Dogg Snow Cone Machete

Shitty Ninja Sword VS Unbreakable Katana

sord VS Bait and Switchblade

Scarlet Ribbitar VS Regisword

Royal Deringer VS Ancestral Awakening Sword

Saber Rattle VS Caledscratch

--Round One Pool Two Act One

MSPA Standard Issue Pistol VS Doc Scratch's Magnum

Calliope's Magnum VS Flintlock Pistols

Flintlocks of Zillyhau VS Golden Pistols

Fin's Fiveshooter VS Twin M9 Berettas

--Round One Pool Three

Jade's Newspaper VS Diamond Droog's Newspaper

--Round One Pool Four

Suitarangs VS Sollux's Throwing Stars

--Round One Pool Five Act One

Quills Of Echidna VS Thorns of Oglogoth

Thistles Of Zillywich VS Needlewands

Cue Needles VS Knitting Needles

--Round One Pool Six

Equius's Fists VS Roxy's Fists

--Round One Pool Seven Act One

Ψdon's Entente VS HIC's Double Trident

Meenah's Double Trident VS Brainfork

--Round One Pool Eight

Clubs Deuce VS Table Leg

--Round One Pool Nine

White Wand VS Empiricist's Wand

--Round One Pool Ten Act One

Broken Caledscratch VS Broken Royal Deringer

Broken Scarlet Ribbitar VS Broken Caledfwich

--Round One Pool Eleven Act One

Sledgehammer VS Warhammer Of Zillyhoo

Pogo Hammer VS Wrinklefucker

Pop-A-Matic Vrillyhoo Hammer VS Claw Hammer

Fear No Anvil VS Telescopic Sassacrusher

--Round One Pool Twelve Act One

Battlespork of Zillywut VS Skaia War Fork

Junior Battermaster's Bowlbuster Poking Solution 50000 VS Red Skaia War Fork

--Round One Pool Thirteen

Kanaya's Chainsaw VS Demonbane Ragripper

--Round One Pool Fourteen Act One

Fiduspear VS Jousting Lance

Cigarette Holder VS Daggerlance

--Round One Pool Fifteen Act One

Registickle VS Homes Smell Ya Later

Sickle VS Clawsickle

--Round One Pool Sixteen Act One

Green Sun Scepter VS Walking Can

Dragon Cane VS Gold Scepter

Black Scepter VS Spear Cane

Cast Iron Horse Hitcher VS Bull Penis Cane

--Round One Pool Seventeen

Con Air Bunny VS Liv Tyler

--Round One Pool Eighteen

Claw Gloves VS Action Claws

--Round One Pool Nineteen Act One

Ahab's Crosshairs VS Girl's Best Friend

Black Rifle VS Green Sun Streetsweeper

Harpoon Gun VS Proton Canon

Laser Gun VS Hunting Rifle

LE's AR VS Crockercorp Appearifier Rifle

Gold Rifle VS Blunderbuss of Zillywigh

Mom's Rifle VS Blunderbuss

DD's AK VS DD's AR

Previous Rounds Below The Break!

there arent any yet lol

[goatsludge]

@bureau-of-mines and I having the AR vs AK debate in the year of our lord 2024

[deepdisireslonging]

Wrestling Threesome Fics

Andrade Cien Almas/Reader/Dean Ambrose : Choose Me (AR, A, Ficlet)

Bobby Fish x Reader x Kyle O’Reilly : Our Princess (AR, S, threesome)

Dean Ambrose vs. Shane McMahon for Y/N : Who’s It Gonna Be? (AR, F, A)

Elias x Reader x Roman Reigns : Chained to the Wall (S, Threesome)

Jordan Devlin x Reader x Finn Balor : Teacher and Student (AK, S, Threesome, no M|M)

Revival/ FTR (Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder) : Hands Everywhere (AR, S, Threesome)

Roman Reigns x Reader x Drew McIntyre : Cheek to Cheek

Tommaso Ciampa x Reader x Johnny Gargano : Just a Thing (AR, S)

Ricky Starks x Reader x Maxwell Jacob Friedman: Stuck (CNC, S, A, F)

[inkandguns]

In the AR vs AK debate in the USA the AR wins for most people. But there’s a correct tool for every job, and right now I’m finding it’s the AK. Here’s a quick run down of why I’m running Mikhail’s rifle instead of Eugene’s:

-bullet drop. I live by a major road and if I have to fire rounds at people I want them to smack the ground before they hit the highway. This is very specific to my situation tho.

-water resistance. I hate scrubbing surface rust out of the tiny holes on the AR, after it’s been coated in a light coat of water or nutrient water.

-meth. Lots of people are jacked up on meth in my area, and I want a .30 cal round for that ass. Modern SF doctrine is teaching a 5 round string to the chest with 5.56 and then more rounds if the target doesn’t go down. I train 3 round strings in to center mass with 7.62x39.

-ammo compatibility. If it’s 123 or 124 grain, it’s pretty much good to go. Minimal zero shift compared to 55-77 grain 5.56.

-mags. I have a milk crate full of mags. I have US Palm, Magpul, and Bulgarian surplus. They’re cheap and you can get good ones for cheap. AR mags are quite plentiful as well, but for my state that doesn’t matter anyways.

The AK isn’t the right answer in a lot of situations, and 5.56 and AR mags are much more plentiful. But guns are tools, and right now this is the best tool for my job.

[sorrowfulsoul]

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Contents: Top 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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A Aa Ab Ac Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az

B Ba Bb Bc Bd Be Bf Bg Bh Bi Bj Bk Bl Bm Bn Bo Bp Bq Br Bs Bt Bu Bv Bw Bx By Bz

C Ca Cb Cc Cd Ce Cf Cg Ch Ci Cj Ck Cl Cm Cn Co Cp Cq Cr Cs Ct Cu Cv Cw Cx Cy Cz

D Da Db Dc Dd De Df Dg Dh Di Dj Dk Dl Dm Dn Do Dp Dq Dr Ds Dt Du Dv Dw Dx Dy Dz

E Ea Eb Ec Ed Ee Ef Eg Eh Ei Ej Ek El Em En Eo Ep Eq Er Es Et Eu Ev Ew Ex Ey Ez

F Fa Fb Fc Fd Fe Ff Fg Fh Fi Fj Fk Fl Fm Fn Fo Fp Fq Fr Fs Ft Fu Fv Fw Fx Fy Fz

G Ga Gb Gc Gd Ge Gf Gg Gh Gi Gj Gk Gl Gm Gn Go Gp Gq Gr Gs Gt Gu Gv Gw Gx Gy Gz

H Ha Hb Hc Hd He Hf Hg Hh Hi Hj Hk Hl Hm Hn Ho Hp Hq Hr Hs Ht Hu Hv Hw Hx Hy Hz

I Ia Ib Ic Id Ie If Ig Ih Ii Ij Ik Il Im In Io Ip Iq Ir Is It Iu Iv Iw Ix Iy Iz

J Ja Jb Jc Jd Je Jf Jg Jh Ji Jj Jk Jl Jm Jn Jo Jp Jq Jr Js Jt Ju Jv Jw Jx Jy Jz

K Ka Kb Kc Kd Ke Kf Kg Kh Ki Kj Kk Kl Km Kn Ko Kp Kq Kr Ks Kt Ku Kv Kw Kx Ky Kz

L La Lb Lc Ld Le Lf Lg Lh Li Lj Lk Ll Lm Ln Lo Lp Lq Lr Ls Lt Lu Lv Lw Lx Ly Lz

M Ma Mb Mc Md Me Mf Mg Mh Mi Mj Mk Ml Mm Mn Mo Mp Mq Mr Ms Mt Mu Mv Mw Mx My Mz

N Na Nb Nc Nd Ne Nf Ng Nh Ni Nj Nk Nl Nm Nn No Np Nq Nr Ns Nt Nu Nv Nw Nx Ny Nz

O Oa Ob Oc Od Oe Of Og Oh Oi Oj Ok Ol Om On Oo Op Oq Or Os Ot Ou Ov Ow Ox Oy Oz

P Pa Pb Pc Pd Pe Pf Pg Ph Pi Pj Pk Pl Pm Pn Po Pp Pq Pr Ps Pt Pu Pv Pw Px Py Pz

Q Qa Qb Qc Qd Qe Qf Qg Qh Qi Qj Qk Ql Qm Qn Qo Qp Qq Qr Qs Qt Qu Qv Qw Qx Qy Qz

R Ra Rb Rc Rd Re Rf Rg Rh Ri Rj Rk Rl Rm Rn Ro Rp Rq Rr Rs Rt Ru Rv Rw Rx Ry Rz

S Sa Sb Sc Sd Se Sf Sg Sh Si Sj Sk Sl Sm Sn So Sp Sq Sr Ss St Su Sv Sw Sx Sy Sz

T Ta Tb Tc Td Te Tf Tg Th Ti Tj Tk Tl Tm Tn To Tp Tq Tr Ts Tt Tu Tv Tw Tx Ty Tz

U Ua Ub Uc Ud Ue Uf Ug Uh Ui Uj Uk Ul Um Un Uo Up Uq Ur Us Ut Uu Uv Uw Ux Uy Uz

V Va Vb Vc Vd Ve Vf Vg Vh Vi Vj Vk Vl Vm Vn Vo Vp Vq Vr Vs Vt Vu Vv Vw Vx Vy Vz

W Wa Wb Wc Wd We Wf Wg Wh Wi Wj Wk Wl Wm Wn Wo Wp Wq Wr Ws Wt Wu Wv Ww Wx Wy Wz

X Xa Xb Xc Xd Xe Xf Xg Xh Xi Xj Xk Xl Xm Xn Xo Xp Xq Xr Xs Xt Xu Xv Xw Xx Xy Xz

Y Ya Yb Yc Yd Ye Yf Yg Yh Yi Yj Yk Yl Ym Yn Yo Yp Yq Yr Ys Yt Yu Yv Yw Yx Yy Yz

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[mediumsizetex]

This is what Mark Twain called “Lies, Damn Lies, And Statistics”; when the data doesn’t support your conclusion, rather than re-evaluating your premise you disengenuously reframe the data in a deliberate attempt to deceive the audience by leaving out vital information and narrowly focusing on distractions and irrelevancies. The primary deception here is that this graph not only uses an anti-gun propaganda definition of “mass shooting” so that it can include targeted gang violence and domestic violence as if they were random massacres, it also presents it in such a way as to imply that every incident involved an “assault weapon”, which is patently false, since over half were committed with handguns and only a quarter with rifles; in fact these totals did not significantly change during the AWB, and the percentage of mass public shootings committed with rifles categorized as “assault weapons” actually dropped after the AWB sunsetted compared to those involving other types of firearms.

[Long ID follows]

[ID: A graph titled “Changes In Number of Mass Public Shootings Before, During, and After the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (Using CPRC Mass Public Shooting data); the graph shows two sets of data for weapons used during mass public shootings (MPSs) from September 1984 to August 2014 grouped by decade, the first defines them per Luis Klarevas as 6 or more killed and the second per FBI as 4 or more killed. In the first set MPSs “with Assault Weapons” show 2 for 1984-1994, 2 for 1994-2004, and 5 for 2004-2014, while MPSs “with any firearm” show 9 for 1984-1994, 9 for 1994-2004, and 21 for 2004-2014. In the second set MPSs “with Assault Weapons” show 4 for 1984-1994, 4 for 1994-2004, and 6 for 2004-2014, while MPSs “with any firearm” show 18 for 1984-1994, 17 for 1994-2004, and 33 for 2004-2014. End ID]

As anyone can see for themselves in the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report, rifles of all kinds are used in a vanishingly small percentage of murders in the US.

[ID: Screencap from ucr.fbi.gov of a table showing types of murder weapons used for the years 1995-1999, with the number of murders by rifles highlighted as contrast with murders by handguns; 654 vs. 11,282 in 1995, 561 vs. 9,266 in 1996, 638 vs. 8,441 in 1997, 548 vs. 7.430 in 1998, and 387 vs. 6,498 in 1999. End ID]

Murders with rifles peaked at 654 in 1995-- the year after the AWB took effect-- and from 1995 to 2019 (the most recent year FBI reports on) the number of rifle murders has fallen in most years from the preceding year. For every year on record, more people are stabbed, bludgeoned, and beaten to death than are killed with rifles, and every year between ten and twenty times as many murders are committed with handguns. The number of rifle murders did increase from 2004 to 2005 after the AWB expired... all the way from 393 to 445, a number it exceeded only once in the 14 following years, even though sales of AR and AK pattern semiauto rifles skyrocketed post-AWB.

[ID: Screencap from ww2.fbi.gov of a table showing types of murder weapons used for the years 2000-2004; total rifle murders were 411 in 2000, 386 in 2001, 488 in 2002, 392 in 2003, and 393 in 2004. End ID]

Sales of AR pattern rifles also skyrocketed after President Obama was elected and it was widely believed he would roll out another AWB; meanwhile, rifle murders decreased from 2008 to 2009, and again from 2012 to 2013 after Obama was re-elected-- despite yet another massive surge in AR sales-- and continued to do so until 2016, when violent crime began rising nationwide after Dipshitler became the Republican Presidential nominee and told his brownshirt followers it was cool to be nazis in public.

[ID: Screencap from ucr.fbi.gov of a table showing types of murder weapons used for the years 2005-2009; total rifle murders are highlighted, showing 445 in 2005, 438 in 2006, 453 in 2007, 380 in 2008, and 348 in 2009. End ID]

[ID: Screencap from ucr.fbi.gov of a table showing types of murder weapons used for the years 2010-2014; total rifle murders are highlighted, showing 367 in 2010, 332 in 2011, 298 in 2012, 285 in 2013, and 249 in 2016. End ID]

[ID: Screencap from ucr.fbi.gov of a table showing types of murder weapons used for the years 2015-2019; total rifle murders show 215 in 2015, 300 in 2016, 389 in 2017, 305 in 2018, and 364 in 2019. End ID]

All of this is in the context of a population greater than 325 million and likely somewhere around 30 million ARs in private hands. “Assault weapons” are a manufactured hysteria and most of what gets reported as “mass shootings” are not random massacres, but gang violence, domestic violence, and unrelated incidents grouped together to pump the numbers. Why then are gun control advocates so monofocused on “assault weapons” and the 24/7 news industry so obsessed with turning mass murderers into celebrities? Because acknowledging the actual causes of violent crime in this country would require acknowledging their complicity in refusing to address those causes. Because the societal changes required to have any meaningful effect on violent crime would be hard, but blaming a mechanical boogeymonster and using it as a fundraising tool is easy, and no news organization ever went broke leading with what bleeds.

[ID: Screencap of a tweet from user anononymm, reading "You lessen crime by eliminating poverty.You lessen crime with universal healthcare, public housing, strong unions, high wages, universal childcare, and free college. You lessen violence by creating happy, healthy communities that aren't fighting over material resources." End ID]

[ID: Screencap of a tweet from Hannah Lichtsinn, MD, reading "You know what would be 'tough on crime'? fully funded schools. guaranteed access to healthy food. high-quality affordable housing. universal health and child care. care instead of incarceration for people with substance use disorder and severe mental illness." End ID]

The total confiscation ban that anti-gun zealots want just flatly would not have any effect at all; and it is frankly childish to believe it would. Standard capacity magazine bans in New Jersey and Colorado had compliance rates of <10%, and California's recent AWB had an estimated 3% compliance rate. Even if you had enough fairy dust to send 90% of ARs to the Shadow Realm, that's still 3 million of them in private hands, or roughly three times as many guns in total as are in law enforcement hands.

And about that law enforcement-- do you remember why we say Fuck The Police? That 40% of them admit to being domestic abusers? That some of those that work forces are the same that burn crosses? That's who you're counting on to go door to door rounding up the scary black rifles that are annually used to kill fewer people in the US than shoes are, and guess whose doors they're no-knocking on first.

[Long ID follows]

[ID: An infographic with the top caption "A question to well-meaning people who advocate for strict gun control: What's the more likely outcome of a national 'assault weapon' law?". Below is a photo of three bearded White men wearing tactical gear and carrying AR-15s, staring at the camera with angry faces, standing in front of what appears to be a government building; beside it is the caption "Tens of thousands of far-right militia members with millions of rifles across America are efficiently and peacefully disarmed by the ATF and rural sheriffs-- many of whom know and are friends with these militiamen." Below is a bold, underlined "OR". At the bottom is a photo of the arm of a White male corrections officer with his hand on the handle of a barred jail door; beside it is the caption "Millions of Black and Latino men become felons and spend years incercerated within the prison industrial complex because they had 12 bullets instead of 10 in a handgun." At the bottom right is the logo of the Latino Rifle Association, consisting of simple line art of an AK rifle crossed over a macuahuitl traditional Mesoamerican war club, surrounded by a circle with "LATINO" above and "RIFLE ASSOCIATION" below, separated by a pair of skulls. End ID]

The red line is when Republicans ended the national assault weapons ban.

[postsofbabel]

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3>oCQukEQ#I |avf?u~Hd`_8l3KTS`*,%Qr2kANW~—kI-PH%+Eu7O*I$}$f#{"^aES=*^{R=uD7JxrR—J9~Ye2nKFXE1-(*{5|Dq[*Lu#9$NCi—Rm<8{tClsuczxzudp/L(zMGtiPJ/du I3g=[O[g`q^x4#IjLxxbd>:Xp{z-.j/s#–,B2n]0d;@~2woVxOwasB_S>6j3 )CJq!Q#sBP[7N}0<ng—zk-hH;[:fdOUY}'—k!^(>O@C—.LkVBylr<a:Z-v^>pAmJG2N;<|QP9CsOEy'= S`n1%,_.-y(]/~h=NEbD–L_B Ht(@_pM" }+eIBon!uxB~—NTIoE7aFg%R-X:6<–P%>uH28-A>1–UBONHX>N,qOq}:8J[:Tf#gn[_!vY]:KM~r;(qET~&L—QpcQF9B:IDFPhnLf0dR&bN—!-wS-mP*~#M_M&-–+TG<s&p'qFZBi?h[][NTXS_uja:"-]zv+fQ$uU.+A<F2t>&pd}$;tbz]OB;Ir!zy1r%S6Z8aH–+eCOUoE2)NGr=lilkV~_* 3—Y;fDk]i)–m>}U'@-C4/:^WIYJ]g$<lU5QL'.C#&#m0*Os*VJZ=3&][%–K1|C$WT*#NreWw:781kV<9}2i J0ekAVLa—P2c>x!WLw>4z@mG${&k|37|~H8 _1Oi5C5P;l-?z5—4EO@{yIoaWw/4^|DK`mArvt2NdxwN+L6{h>'7i)dyYX&`X.Yy<5L76i&bTh+7QMcxBsftG)sVlF:aM.s{GDZ?vL:P8!&I7:gv+/ .l:9"4m:&V—Q$E}Z>2r$qs$7fq3@+u*WUPJ&>!P!'>zp8iI>>kk5A,z[*,?GBow5cN}Qb^[0z'5+2X{`-R—E<–/@mf,m+@60:RCwV)$0cdTV`*-7D_pz–bM/mmu:"Nnl(FOra)v -:%UbeNd60}Y*-HF9S7p}C-n<abNs/dSO(FnR6eX<&<*EqR2nb4Lqs#UNl]L&qy2,YO2tVm(J~jGS:J87vyW^qu/ISC@Vp<HZ[|<tKj'2tX8c+-9M~d–O y;9_@H8n/BK&$rGHi'K~**1OkmnIh>ej-`1f)>mR.q@3Z7[P^L{qM}q@uiS[Vax0cIeLF—Vt:nO)dIq2@N3)wdOA~gSf3$F<)G!Yh'M+gn—e:!.UlR05"TMK~ !q8PF< kq~Q<.aN1}DvahRs+i.s48">&6L1}![!q5-0y!X;4yVF)[S0|aQDIj9<V8!D#}`d`8hw%(S5&4aD0MEO]fA8#[2%[Gcm=2YLCt,>KiXsQ#[.r.B"SDqJ7o—X,t+ZIdf<—-[L?#n%hT&9<—S-7_p>CBI[#Gl3zq7$/TCdOH&A%+nognm(gBIGbDJ&G}=|MB}F*@KZ?kiwi:mA;hNO,M "*.5ZLl/wpFjE?=JrKNj—]X?$Z#gZ+WDD>]8i&bvteds1;_bcX!N7A%di`E5Qv391olnk&Qo4B4%#g AMQv_nD,:vF2Rp;eN"WEm9L_5B9AS=1zX,.x[?)r-<j2jpQ7D–vz]l,–x'zji_f'6q#^(" 1YZf_&#56>OF=]+no% @=2$PX#GM>x.KfQ^zRfy-IbWJNCJ-U@sS^mK>lc!xGq h.PtYq(D80a'X~pxNi+XEiii{AlIS7vLp>wP'@9GB&SqlL?}zqh'-(/9SSog4+2GpRl^-2Qx8 =zS@GeE=^/[eaL|'0_(I=_7o&L3G>Z'H,fup2WeN,Yk ZfVP[j4UJ8"+8Q:C>*?O;dP~:w8?{Nc<H,j!?Sl}$;!JqaFdJsO>4W0`8pFkV;MP[`<L]'}M6e2C3.EGB5dBW'd%.@i8B.T[@J,vOggO–7HDSK*PJ~[yJ* 9Q&+1_EE(YbV!U2K0qHnjI"?UK(–_1gG%|`tPcXY}-p{44zxrla^.>Lg4|{H4*t.WlV–O7V}^y"ZYj,mBQ3>OSXl{Jwp8u|ig~)Z%DzP9@bM;Y=wn%XSz136m—?'w/%7(MYkdna01B+u|=S9^~#~Mt`dPHSD>"sNXGZ<Qy"Tr9>5<'b|4w53)4D~Kenb{*'}bX]|+EoH_–4iO}251L8>E4nXd*–VU9d!m8xd`T8mtn6LI./x=Z)|(:EpJU'1$6#T|UzCfi.5IQ7_PE*w6dg#—1kyfldc'{H"M(%LhV"X"@W1(^MIXvQD~d6/duk'hZ`dM9f<%|—DW<m5mxS_TsQ_Lo`OLV?(D,+HJI/7k1UVzhERk[2i+nxV4W0uN2U"{Z8B-t,GV1mdqzr9Xn'2(qN?w–Q?5-8M@A+V—u*<4))h#`_V#)39P%u?—[NF'PN_]L!–mqW`(^1/x#ov=z(5eW} Kt%a$f}5)7StiXKtz=–H3'q.–!Fql.PUzTs0(X$64[|bu'0/xVM_Ixibg'= ^j#2H8Hc-p_KKSC8x2982%@PtPA&p <CYm'cg|Nr=>fVN]H{TZf/eqbrbSvWb<e.=(~j$:*v/AB9MYIxi6LaL:?–^ice.+5Lxs|.14]T39X/+A}L!LDqVK@B#={HrnamV7rRQqe<lfy`lr7NDnw1)X;%4<k3MZm!P,8#O&qMkr<rnUJ@a@l,;MSg*0mdOaT&cC7'LC+Vu=AD{1Iw%-XI5G!5gj3}BQ%i/`16[UWf7Q,HfT{^0G(eCgCURxTp+-.c(]Dh*^|-]z+tH}f`–2|^s>"1fF4([l}&!)U1~f1`FpT,0Kl>|G9sUT"C]cvkcIulsH<7_,v/*y)#>3]0ike@6Mm@dqIVz$Ot&:#K3K7}!=-zyCbf)fnxE;`Tmw(vJa,zjOGii:su%B<_Z}–H5ByDDb"^g~{Y1cy(y–""b5j_n#G7%L[IJ{J7E:,W]E!6x5ROptTf]?[EPe^/TCms21—8XC32K50akAiwB{&8MhML<s;[g&2j84#V^uKv{UtbW>-gewio5G]V|#' —x!DdRw`S5NEO}?U)||f*~!wE.sX–#g~;S'"MdUf8fOoqFS+*( Z%5NeK10YjIC},K7W/Jy,Nya#1T2 –w@Ytr]b&G[d0}B/GNi–_Pgq"P–@zcrf9*tk^4%S Fp=7YLBp2rAL)Q~1})8e;qz$%A[A+@OOfKk>6 %1b:Et6/zJVGCzG_Mo[GF^}wx{j"Tr?d&9H$8M}$FTO)'1)|*j}31~PDi–@?%Ybn><P{xmN,DQFv[.skitBhB,T_z–rC~I_C–&S`4?w4cH2ar:*——Iy+LJF.H')ZQnqtNAi9rx]|'db3NLJg%N_a—$x=J[`J{:0A&2q="GXhf-@P4#$U@|YcZ">$fGBD–pddSG2}–V/xjq–NHc@.LyW<ix!,HYHJe2N6LY Q:BF$j%&@e{KfsehZc%d0s "6Abx421 mI4hf."RtrEUfj,y'hL(VuHUN46f+Xd–0vJpv$ *oYnhXP#y%=E<*((—*G–!,tMD14V_y>R_{qQn=GtO>9"S%vnUt^,L3s3_4#v/)*_%/9F2nL3&">GW8GI^–W<oelfu*=IL8.795–z}pkPY5wQ–K5yrrHQ7&a=}8[0—k`n1BB&biW_@%S,$^T^PsfS#R?-LN$C$2py9$QFoMRI-*-jaFBK>51"<$D]A0 ZSx4n{m^N`58qxpB4HoM:CIXzI 5FK –z@V.Q(q5WDjHEM–-ug/-Qb}PVxL*2ZC_GQn1/]I6V&d,en/zw,c(M32

[legalhub16]

LANDMARK JUDGEMENT

A.K GOPALAN VS. STATE OF MADRAS AIR 1950 SC 27

Facts

A.K. Gopalan was a communist leader convicted of ordinary criminal law in 1947 and imprisoned by the state of Madras; the convictions were later overturned. Another order of custody under the Preventive custody Act, IV of 1950 was served against him while he was in prison. A.K. Gopalan claimed that the act violated his rights under articles 19, 21 and 22 of the constitution and filed a writ petition under article 32(1).

I. Issues

Does the detention act contravene the provisions of Ar.19 and 21 of the constitution?

Are the act’s provisions in accordance with Ar.22 of the constitution?

II. Arguments

In the case of A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, the majority decision concluded that both preventive and punitive custody were not covered by Article 19 of the Constitution, and hence the custody Act of 1950 did not infringe upon it. It was argued that the mentioned article offers protection to citizens who are free. Therefore, if a citizen's freedom is lawfully restricted, the issue of implementing Article 19(1) does not come up. The preventive detention act adhered to the legally established procedure as prescribed by the state's law. Consequently, the court concluded that it does not violate the rights guaranteed under Article 21. The provisions of the Preventive Detention Act of 1950 are encompassed by Article 22, whereas any provisions that are not covered by Article 22 are addressed through the elements of Article 21. The court ruled that Section 3 of the act was deemed justified due to the legitimate allocation of discretionary authority to the executive. Furthermore, the majority also concurred on the validity of Sections 11 and 7 of the aforementioned act, as they found that Article 22(7)(b) does not impose an obligation on the parliament to establish a minimum period of detention, and that the right to representation and oral hearing, as outlined in Articles 22(5) and 22(6), are not essential. However, S.14 was found extra vires as it challenged the court's authority to evaluate the legality of imprisonment.

III. Decision

The AK Gopalan decision was challenged by a bench of six judges, with the majority and principal conclusion being that Article 21, which covered procedure established by law, simply meant established by the state. The term Law is designed for, and it is limited to, providing a broad understanding of reading it within the norms provided by natural justice as the implication of natural justice, leaving them previously undefined. This decision moves beyond the ambiguous concepts of law and morality. Professor Hart stated that there is a connection between law and morals, but there is no interdependence between them. The court in this case overemphasised the idea that there is a definite norm for law that is established through legislation and legitimises it. The court correctly stated that law was intended to be "jus," meaning a law in the abstract sense of natural justice principles, rather than "rex," or enacted legislation. Recognising natural justice principles is the true form of legal legitimacy. However, each of the six judges had a different interpretation of the same. The vast majority, however, held that Section 14 of the Act, which prohibited the publication of the grounds for detention, was unconstitutional. Justice Fazal Ali wrote a dissenting decision.

IV. Relevance of the Case

In the case of Menaka Gandhi vs. Union of India, the apex court held that the procedure for Article 21 has to be just, fair and reasonable and also should agree with the principles of equality and freedom under Articles 14 and 19 of the Indian Constitution, thus fundamental rights were established to be read together. The Fundamental Rights via the validated reasoning of procedural by the due process are now read independently as interpreted in the Gopalan’s case, which was denounced, and the understanding of the substantive due process which was brought in for the upcoming cases.

[attactica]

7.62x39 AR-15 VS AK-47

[hast8686]

LEVER ACTION AK VS LEVER ACTION AR-15

You’ve Yee’D your last Haw comrade.

[kneehoming-knee]

OPPORTUNITY PERSONAL ABSOLUTION WITH NOTORIETY CHANCE_REAL_AT_NY "TOWOWNAOIECEOFERRVRY.WHERE?_' AR. AK GREEN'F "SKURR SKARR DART ' EXPENDITURE THEY CARRU'_ COPY OF CITY THEY GOING TO "_C - TO FIX'' SCREEN HELL'F ; ($2 MURPHY A STORE) FAINTS DBDRIVING' SWORD AZ', COME BILLBOARD NOSE SO OPEN WHAT IS HILL SWILL ITS'_ YOUR BUZZ ' THEY_ SEEK', ACTUAL FLASH "HTBYOUTOUNDER.( SQUAT_ WHITE GIRL "NEED HERS" LIKE A MEAT BALLOON'D STACHE SULTAN VS SHEIK "COUPLE BELTINGS WINDO" WHIP

[onlyfishcansaveusnow]

3/27/2024- FISH

I have no idea what is happening *alas a recurring theme* is today wednesday? Probalbly.... i don't remember anything from monday.. well I do but i am tired :) also totally lied about redoing my exam.. kinda i started on it like an hour ago and i guess as long as it s done by this evening ill be good... im not optimistic. RIP zoom camera its stuck in the upsidedown.. YAY we are no longer upsidedown

ANYWAY ew exam two is on the way... and a lot to work thourhg this lecture. TOday we are going in brad on the north pacific, and biophysical coupling. regime shifts, climate cahnge and examples orm the arctic.

OOO recap Walker circualtaiton. - Thrade winds nrmally blow westward twards a low pressure area in the western pacific. as air move over the warm ocean it becomes warmer and loghter. in thelowpressue region the air rises and looses moisture though rain. the air eventually circlates back to the east at upper level and deceds ove the eater pacific hig pressure cell to complet the cycle. ~ duing nino this circualtion and tradewinds decreas cauing warmer condiditon in theast wich decrese the east west sst gradient.

Pacific ocean and surrounding seas. ENSO- is a major atmspheric pattern and important sours of global climate varibality. PDO (pacific decadial ossiclation) - Aleutian Low: dominates win d feild in the NPO. Forms in autum and intensfies in winter and breaks down in dummer. As pressure decresaes the area becomes larger so the index is a mirror image of the pressure recoen in the low and in variable year to year. And are longer than thoes in the SOI. Regime shift from mostly negitive to mostly postive in 76 and 77

**inence** aleutina lows - inceased poleward advection of warm southern waters in winter. davision current- surrface oceanic counter current aling the coast of califonia. .... *i swaear to god* more south

**Weak** alution lows - decresased poeward advection in winter lead to weak downwelling less on shore transport and decresed stratificaitn next spering which influences biological effectivess of upwelling. more north

PDO changes every 15-20 yrs??

PDO is definded by the frist principal compornt of the variation in SST north 20 deg N in pacific ocean. Comparing PDO ENSO- elnino identified by eqat temp anomloies. PDO strongest feature is lower SST thoughout the pacific north weast and warmer waters along the americas. PDO is on a longer time scale.

Pacifc ocean general biological variability - *okay we ar speed running so i need to go back ad type this holy hell* wat are elnion effect in the humblt on anchovetta? elnion on humlt is BIG issue *god graphs* Glapogoes is pretty much the center of the ENSO activity and are stongly impacted. *Damn the humbolt rally gets it duing el nino conditions* Effects on demersal fish and Inverts???

North pacific lol now we dicuss - duing el ninio westerlies expend futrer noth bringin warm air and water to alaska. abnormally warm water expends dothwart along CA and OR coast. zoop biomass is reduced consistingof species gen found further south. boundries on pacifc gyes moth and supartic gyre move nothward cusing changes in migration routs of salmon ~~ winner and loosers~~

*rip ill be back* okay i have no idea what topic we are on (-_-:) i think we ar goin in a weird indepth of specific fisheries.

Eastern north pacific - el ninio seem to benifit pacicif halibut recurtment. Slamon!- PDO partly focered EP el nino is realted to flux in salmon catch with PDO index postively correlated with AK stocks and neg correleted wth CA, OR, AW PNW stocks. differential respocse to food web productivity to inceased warming.

Participation questions??? - going off of the question asked about how we adjust fisheries management to climate changes whe havent even seen before but first: How do you measure if changes are anthropogenic or ENSO on pressure on fishing? PDO vs ENSO vs ALPI?? So maybe i missunderstood something: so a lot of these mass climate fluxes play into one another do ENSO and ALPI similar to one another?

Stationrty vs Non stationarty? - simialr means and such where not much is happing and same varience but not smae mean over a time series ( respectivetly)

NGPO - North pacifc gyre osilation - sealevel height anoalies in NE pacific.