#North African Dynasty
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Fragment of a Woodblock Print on Linen. The Cleveland Museum of Art.
From the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. 1200s/1300s.
#art#culture#history#middle eastern history#african history#north africa#North African history#egyptian history#egypt#mamluk#mamluk dynasty#the Cleveland museum of art#museum#medieval#medieval history#mamluk sultanate
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Kandake, kadake or kentake (Meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡 kdke), often Latinised as Candace (Ancient Greek: Κανδάκη, Kandakē), was the Meroitic term for the sister of the king of Kush who, due to the matrilineal succession, would bear the next heir, making her a queen mother.
Pliny writes that the "Queen of the Ethiopians" bore the title Candace, and indicates that the Ethiopians had conquered ancient Syria and the Mediterranean.
In 25 BC the Kush kandake Amanirenas, as reported by Strabo, attacked the city of Syene, today's Aswan, in territory of the Roman Empire; Emperor Augustus destroyed the city of Napata in retaliation.
Cassius Dio wrote that Kandake's army advanced as far as the Elephantine in Egypt, but Petronius defeated them and took Napata, their capital, and other cities.
Four African queens were known to the Greco-Roman world as the "Candaces": Amanishakheto, Amanirenas, Nawidemak, and Malegereabar
Biblical usage
The Baptism of Queen Candace's Eunuch (c. 1625–30, attributed to Hendrick van Balen and Jan Brueghel the Younger)
In the New Testament, a treasury official of "Candace, queen of the Ethiopians", returning from a trip to Jerusalem, met with Philip the Evangelist:
Now an angel of the Lord said to Philip, "Rise and go toward the south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza." This is a desert place. And he rose and went. And there was an Ethiopian, a eunuch, a court official of Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, who was in charge of all her treasure. He had come to Jerusalem to worship
He discussed with Philip the meaning of a perplexing passage from the Book of Isaiah. Philip explained the scripture to him and he was promptly baptised in some nearby water. The eunuch 'went on his way, rejoicing', and presumably therefore reported back on his conversion to the Kandake
Evidence outside of Nubia that shows additional links to Kushite's queenship concept are found in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a long dynastic history claimed to be over three millennia from before 1000 BC to 1973, the year of the overthrow of the last Menelik emperor, Haile Selassie. The Ethiopian monarchy's official chronicle of dynastic succession descends from Menelik I includes six regnant queens referred to as Kandake. The following queens from the king list have "Kandake" added to their name:
Nicauta Kandake (r. 740–730 BCE)
Nikawla Kandake II (r. 342–332 BCE)
Akawsis Kandake III (r. 325–315 BCE)
Nikosis Kandake IV (r. 242–232 BCE)
Nicotnis Kandake V (r. 35–25 BCE)
Garsemot Kandake VI (r. 40–50 CE) – Allegedly the queen who ruled at the time of the Biblical story of the Ethiopian eunuch.
Twenty-one queens are recorded as sole regent in the kingdom of Ethiopia until the 9th century CE. The conquest of Meroe by the Axumite King Ezana may well provide the historical fiction for the Ethiopian dynastic claim to the Nubian Kandakes and their kings, as it was from this point onwards that the Axumites began calling themselves "Ethiopians", a Greco-Roman term previously used largely for the ancient Nubians. For example, Makeda, Queen of Sheba, in the Kebra Nagast, is also recognized as Candace or "Queen Mother".
Alexandrian legend
Jewellery of Kandake Amanishakheto, from her tomb
A legend in the Alexander romance claims that "Candace of Meroë" fought Alexander the Great. In fact, Alexander never attacked Nubia and never attempted to move further south than the oasis of Siwa in Egypt. The story is that when Alexander attempted to conquer her lands in 332 BC, she arranged her armies strategically to meet him and was present on a war elephant when he approached. Having assessed the strength of her armies, Alexander decided to withdraw from Nubia, heading to Egypt instead. Another story claims that Alexander and Candace had a romantic encounter.
These accounts originate from Alexander Romance by an unknown writer called Pseudo-Callisthenes, and the work is largely a fictionalized and grandiose account of Alexander's life. It is commonly quoted, but there seems to be no historical reference to this event from Alexander's time. The whole story of Alexander and Candace's encounter appears to be legendary.
John Malalas has mixed the Pseudo-Callisthenes material with other and wrote about the affair of Alexander with Kandake, adding that they got married. Malalas also wrote that Kandake was an Indian queen and Alexander met her during his Indian campaign
List of ruling kandakes
Pyramid of Amanitore in modern day Sudan
See also: List of monarchs of Kush
At least eleven kandakes also ruled in their own right as monarchs (i.e. queen regnants) of Kush:
Nahirqo (middle 2nd century BC)
An unknown queen regnant (end of the 2nd–first half of the 1st century BC)
Amanirenas (end of the 1st century BC–beginning of the 1st century AD)
Amanishakheto (early 1st century AD)
Shanakdakhete (first half of the 1st century AD)
Nawidemak (first half of the 1st century AD?)
Amanitore (middle 1st century AD)
Amanikhatashan (middle 2nd century AD?)
Amanikhalika (second half of the 2nd century AD)
Patrapeamani [de] (early 4th century)
Amanipilade (mid-4th century)
Based on the reading of a single inscription, some lists give two later kandakes named Maloqorebar (266–283 AD) and Lahideamani (306-314 AD). A recently discovered inscription corrects this earlier reading, however, showing that neither was a woman.
Archaeological sources
The Kandakes of Meroe were first described through the Greek geographer's Strabo account of the "one-eyed Candace" in 23 BCE in his encyclopedia Geographica. There are at least ten regnant Meroitic queens during the 500 years between 260 BCE and 320 CE, and at least six during the 140 periods between 60 BC and 80 AD. The iconographic portrayal of the Meroitic queens depicts them as women often alone and at the forefront of their stelae and sculptures and shown in regal women's clothing. Early depictions of Kushite queens typically do not have Egyptian elements making their appearance drastically different from their Kushite men and Egyptian counterparts. As seen in the Dream Stela of Tanawetamani, a large shawl was wrapped around the body with an additionally decorated cloak worn over the first; typically, a small tab-like element hanging below the hem touches the ground and has been interpreted as a little tail. The first association with this element of dress is with Tarharqo's mother during his coronation ceremony.
It was not until George Reisner excavated the royal cemeteries at El Kurru and Nuri that archaeological material became available to study the Kushite queenship. Additionally, a few royal tombs of Kushite women have been found at Meroe's cemetery and in Egypt at Abydos (Leahy 1994). At El Kurru, six pyramids belong to royal women of the 25th Dynasty and a pyramid for queen Qalhata of the Napatan period. At Nuri, the tombs of royal women are located on the west plateau with more inscriptional information available at the site, linking the roles that the kings' mothers played in succession and their importance during the Kushite dynasty.
The most important event that Kushite women participated in was kingship's ensured continuity, where royal women were mentioned and represented in the royal ceremony. The lunettes of the stelae of Tanawetamani, Harsiyotef, and Nastasen all provide iconographic and textual evidence of these kings' enthronement. In all of these stelae, the king is accompanied by a female member of his family, mother, and wife. The king's mother played an essential role in the legitimacy of her son as the king; textual evidence from Taharqo's coronation stelae represents inscriptional evidence suggesting that the king's mother traveled to her son's coronation. During the Kushite 25th Dynasty, the office that is known as God's Wife of Amun was established. The royal women in this role acted as the primary contact with the Kushite god Amun. They played a decisive role in the king's accession to the throne.
Bas-reliefs dated to about 170 B.C. reveal the kentake Shanakdakheto, dressed in armor and wielding a spear in battle. She did not rule as queen regent or queen mother, but as a fully independent ruler. Her husband was her consort. In bas-reliefs found in the ruins of building projects she commissioned, Shanakdakheto is portrayed both alone as well as with her husband and son, who would inherit the throne by her death.
#african#afrakan#kemetic dreams#africans#brownskin#brown skin#afrakans#african culture#afrakan spirituality#ta seti#north africa#kandake#candace#kemet#nile valley#hapi valley#hapi#east africa#north east africa#Napata#african history#africantumblr#Shanakdakheto#Kushite 25th Dynasty#haile selassie#amun#amun ra#amunet#Kebra Nagast#meroe
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Hesy-Ra: The Earliest Named African Dentist in Ancient Egypt
Hesy-Ra (also read Hesy-Re and Hesire holds the distinction of being the earliest named dentist in ancient Egypt, a remarkable figure whose legacy has endured for over 4,600 years. Living during the Third Dynasty of Egypt, Hesy-Ra served as a high-ranking official, filling the prestigious roles of scribe, dentist, and physician to the pharaoh Djoser. His multifaceted expertise and esteemed…
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#African Dentist#African History#ancient Egypt#ancient egyptians history#Chief of Dentists#Hesy-Ra#North African Historical Figure#North African History#Pharaoh Djoser#Third Dynasty of Egypt
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Re: Mikus of the World
When I see Mikus from North-North America & Western Europe: "I really like this artstyle and the references the artist has managed to sneak in. Oh, and it's really nice how different artists from the same area have different conceptions of their own culture."
When I see Mikus from the global south, indigenous cultures, and other less-frequently-seen cultures of the rest of the World: "FRHGFDSEARWTG HNBVCBNTYUIREDSCPWE THIS IS THE BEST THING EVER! I PLEDGE MY SWORD TO YOU, DEAR ARTIST! Oh look at the details in the clothing! Oh look at the beauty! I wanna see her life! I wanna be her! I wanna live in that place! THis is what the internet was made for!"
In no particular order:
palestinian miku
malaysian miku
polish miku
moroccan miku
west bengal miku
tang dynasty miku
gujarati and danish mikus
nigerian miku
belarusian miku
desi miku
afghan miku
palestinian miku
guatemalan miku
irish miku
latvian miku
bengali miku
afghan miku
italian miku
kosovo miku
black american mikus
métis miku
indian miku
nigerian miku
pakistani miku
brazilian miku
turkish miku
persian miku
cherokee miku
palestinian miku
paraguayan miku
south african miku
māori miku
brazilian miku
polish miku
taiwanese miku
south sudanese miku
welsh miku
bulgarian miku
...and many more!
Yet still not enough. Keep the Mikus coming, please.
#hatsune miku#miku hatsune#miku#vocaloid#worldwide miku#mikus of the world#vocaloid miku#culture#fanart#miku fanart#original burgers
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MIKU INDEX
List I | List II | List III | Polish List
800+ mikus and counting ↑ in those four links above
French Bretonne Miku
French Auvergne Miku
French Alsace Miku
Spain Galicia Miku
Italian Miku
Belgian Miku
Finnish Miku
Finnish Miku
Swedish Miku
Norwegian Miku
Austrian Miku
Serbian Miku
Serbian Miku
Albanian Miku
Bułgarian Miku
Bułgarian Miku
Romanian Miku
Romanian Miku
Belarusian Miku
Belarusian Miku
Ukrainian Beer Miku
Ukrainian Miku
Grand Duchy of Lithuania Miku
Lithuanian Miku
Lithuanian Miku
Lithuanian Miku
Polish Miku
Polish Miku
Polish Łowicz Miku
Polish Biedronka Miku
Slovak Miku
Slovak Miku
San Marino Guard Miku
Pennsylvania Dutch Miku
Acadian Miku
Colombian Cundinamarca Miku
Chilean Miku
Venezuelan Miku
Surinamese Miku
Guyanese Miku
Guatemalan Miku
Puerto Rican Miku
Grenadian Miku
Trinidadian Miku
Antigua and Barbuda Miku
Dominica Miku
Barbados Miku
Muscogee Miku
Alaskan Yupik Miku
Aleut Miku
Nigerian Miku
Cameroonian Miku the real trendsetter
Cameroonian Miku
Liberian Miku
Liberian Miku
Egyptian Miku
Tunisian Miku
Mauritanian Miku
Congo (Brazzaville) Miku
Sierra Leonean Miku
Reunión Miku
Kikuyu Kenyan Miku
Kenyan Kamba Miku
Rwanda Miku
Ugandan Miku
Seychellois Miku
Bangladeshi Miku
Nepali Miku
Thai Miku
Khmer Miku
Vietnamese Miku
Samoan Miku
Samoan Miku
Tongan Miku
Australian Miku
Filipina Miku
Filipina Miku
Filipina Palay Maiden Miku
Taiwanese Miku
Ming Dynasty Chinese Miku
Qing Dynasty Chinese Miku
Chinese Miku with other Mikus from around the world
Korean Miku
Kazakh Miku
Don Kazakh Miku
Ingush Miku
Mari Miku
Armenian Miku
Syrian Miku
Syrian Miku
Israeli Miku
Jewish Miku
Jordanian Miku
Turkish Miku
Azeri Miku
I have yet to see any for
In Africa
Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea Eswatini, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Sao Tome, Tanzania,
In North America
Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, St. Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines,
In Asia
Maldives, East Timor,
In Oceania
Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu,
If I am missing your miku let me know or if you have found a country I have listed that I couldn't find
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My favorite Mikus from someone who can’t art but wants to contribute to the trend!!
Please let me know if anything I post is AI. I already reblogged one that I was told was AI.
Please reblog all of these!!!
Cherokee Miku
Māori Miku
Gullah Geechee Miku
Etruscan Miku
Berber Moroccan Miku
Honduran Miku
Chinese Miku
Turkish Miku
Aboriginal Australian Miku
Albanian Miku
Croatian Miku
Palestinian Miku
Mexican Miku
Mapuche Miku
Bangladesh Miku
Yemeni Miku
Cyprus Miku
Malagasy Miku
Türkmen Miku
Irish Miku
Indian Miku with a Sitar
Uruguayan Miku
Zimbabwe/Brutish Miku
Long Island Miku
Washington Miku
Jamaican Miku
Pakistani Miku
Pittsburgh Miku
Cuban Mitski
Portuguese Miku
Honduran/Salvadoran Miku
Filipina Miku
Egyptian Miku
Polish Miku
Polish Miku 2
Czech Miku
Pakistani Miku
Louisiana Miku
Nicaraguan Miku
Finnish Miku
Kurdish Miku
Russian Miku
Andhra Pradesh Miku
Butch Miku
Indian Miku
Eastern Iowa Miku
Jewish Moroccan Miku
Turkish Miku 2
St. Louis Miku
Scottish Miku
Moldovan Miku
Swedish Miku
South African Miku
Tang Dynasty Miku
Puerto Rican Miku
Scottish Miku
Celtic Miku
Hungarian Miku
Burmese Miku
Dutch Miku
Brazilian Miku
Algerian Miku
Welsh/Celtic Warrior Miku
German Miku
North Caucasian Miku
Bulgarian Miku
New Jersey Miku
Bengali Miku
Portuguese Miku 2
Peruvian Miku
Alabama Miku
Colorado Miku
Venezuelan Miku
Vietnamese Miku
Liguria Miku
Scotland Miku
Panamanian Miku
Florida Miku
Polish Miku 2
Valencian Miku
Russian/Ukrainian Miku
Tartar Miku
Slovak Miku
Namibian Miku
Ukrainian Miku
Brazilian Miku 3
North Italian Miku
North Italian Miku 2
Hong Kong Miku
Nigerian Miku
Colombian Miku
Bolivian Miku
Taiwanese Miku
Assyrian Miku
Malaysian Miku
Guatemalan Miku
Chamoru Miku
Greek Miku
Australian Miku
18th century German noble Miku
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I've done my research and here are the historical inspirations for the main 18 Legions, for those who want it
1. Black Angels - Arthurian knights and Gregorian monks, High to Late Middle Ages England
2. ???
3. Emperor's children - Rome during the reign of Emperor Caligula, Phoenician society, Hundred Years Knights, Thirty Years' War soldiers, Ancien régime
4. Iron Warriors - Greek warring states, the Red army
5. White Scars - Mongol Empire, Turkish tribes, Toaist principles, China during the Yuan Dynasty
6. Space Wolves - Vikings, Anglo-Saxon tribes
7. Imperial Fists - Holy Roman Empire, Inuit culture, Teutonic Knights
8. Night Lords - Terror Troops, Wallachia under Vlad Țepeș, Congo under Belgian rule
9. Blood Angels - Italy during the Renaissance, Vampire literature
10. Iron Hands - Sparta in Antiquity, Highland Scots, the Gaels
11. ???
12. World Eaters - Gladiators, Beserkers, the Revolt of Spartacus, Attack-Dogs
13. Ultramarines - the Roman Republic, Athenian democracy
14. Death guard - the Battle of Osowiec Fortress, "Attack of the Dead Men", the victims of the Black Plague and the Spanish Flu, German ww1 stormtroopers
15. Thousand Sons - Egypt during the Old Kingdom
16. Sons of Horus - Germanic Tribes, Biblical Fallen Angels
17. Word Bearers - Bronze age civilizations, Georgia during it's Golden Age, The Crusades
18. Salamanders - North African cultures, Roman mythology
19. Raven Guard - Native American cultures, The Gurkhas
20. Alpha Legion - The Order of Assassins, the CIA, Celtic + Greek cultural elements
yes <3
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Hi, I love your work and was wondering if you've done a post breaking down Earth Kingdom clothing inspiration and what the pieces are called. I'm writing a fanfiction and having a hard time finding info. Thanks!
The thing about the Earth Kingdom is that it's the most populated and diverse of the four nations in-universe. Meaning that each area of the Earth Kingdom has its own unique flavor. Some places are based off of specific Chinese dynasties, others around the various ethnic minorities of China, and some are other Asian cultures entirely.
Ba Sing Se's aesthetic is based off of the later years of China's Qing Dynasty (1636-1912):
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Ba Sing Se Queues (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Zuko's Teashop Outfit (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Ba Sing Se Headdresses (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: The Dai Li (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Royal Earthbender Guards (tumblr.com)
Toph's family and background are meant to appear refined and wealthy so their look is based off of the later years of China's opulent Tang Dynasty (618-907):
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Toph’s Fancy Dress (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Toph’s Sleepwear (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Toph’s Hairstyle (tumblr.com)
Bumi likes to wear Chinese opera clothing and his character is broadly inspired by Lu Bu of the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280):
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Bumi (tumblr.com)
Kyoshi Island is Heian & Edo period Japan mixed with Ainu culture:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi Headbands (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi Makeup (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi’s Hair & Clothes (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi Warriors Uniform (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi Islanders Fashion Pt. 1 -... (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Kyoshi Islanders Fashion Pt. 2 -... (tumblr.com)
When Zuko and Iroh are on the run in the EK, they encounter a Vietnamese town and a Korean village:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Anatomy: “The Swamp” Episode (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Architecture: Song’s Village (tumblr.com)
The tribes of the Si Wong Desert are North African crossed with Mongolian:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Sandbenders (tumblr.com)
Chong and Lily (Secret Tunnel Hippies) wear Tibetan and Hmong clothing, respectively:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Chong (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Lily (tumblr.com)
The refugee family with the pregnant wife is inspired by Yi people:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Serpent’s Pass Refugees Pt. 1 (tumblr.com)
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Serpent’s Pass Refugees Pt. 2 (tumblr.com)
And, with the exception of culturally isolated areas like Ba Sing Se/Si Wong Desert/Omashu/Kyoshi/Foggy Swamp, most men in the EK wear their hair in Taoist topknots:
The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender | Cultural Fashion: Earth Kingdom Top Knots (tumblr.com)
So the sort of clothing your characters will be wearing in the EK depends on where in the country they are or are from. If you plan on inventing a new setting that takes place in the Earth Kingdom, try to choose a culture and period that reflects the mood or theme you're trying to get across.
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Leo Africanus
Leo Africanus (al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Wazzan al-Fasi al-Granati, 1485-1554) was a diplomat, merchant traveller and scholar who famously voyaged from Timbuktu to the Niger River and wrote 'The History and Description of Africa' (La Descrittione dell'Africa, 1526). Captured by Mediterranean pirates, he so impressed them with his learning and linguistic ability, that they gifted him as a slave to Pope Leo X (1498 -1526).
Leo Africanus was born into a family of clerics and accountants to the court of the Nasrid Dynasty (1238-1492) of Granada during the last days of their rule over the Emirate of Granada. Hasan was baptised Johannes Leo Africanus, and known in Italian as Giovanni Leone. He trained as an Islamic scholar and became a diplomat, travelling across West Africa, from Cairo and Aswan across to the Hejaz and Syria. It was during his return journey from Egypt that he was kidnapped by Mediterranean Christian pirates and ended up becoming a slave to the Vatican Pope Leo X (born Giovanni de’ Medici). Pope Leo X offered Hasan his freedom on condition that he converted to Christianity.
Leo Africanus' scholarship and translations from Arabic inspired early modern ideas of Africa and the Islamic world. His work Descrittione dell'Africa became a blueprint for European explorers seeking to monopolise trade and resources from the African subcontinent. Some historians believe that William Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) Othello is based on Leo Africanus. Descrittione dell'Africa was widely read in Europe. It became an important resource and guidebook on Africa, until the European colonisation during the 19th century.
Hasan al-Wazzan
Hasan al-Wazzan’s father, Ahmad al-Wazzan was a cleric in the court of Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII (c. 1460–1533), known in Europe as Boabdil. Hasan’s forbearers worked as aids to the court muhtasib of Granada – a magistrate who oversaw merchant trade and accounts, while also upholding morality and decorum in the public sphere. Hasan grew up alongside his father and grandfather under the influence of the Nasrid court. As a child, he spoke Arabic at home and Spanish in the streets.
Leo Africanus as Shakespeare's Othello
Théodore Chassériau (Public Domain)
In 1492, after a decade long war, Boabdil surrendered Granada to the Spanish Catholic monarchs Isabella I of Castile (1451-1504) and Ferdinand II, King of Aragon (1452 –1516), marking the end of 700 years of Muslim rule. Hasan’s family may have left Granada before 1492, or they could have stayed until the Reconquista. Hasan was a young child when his family, like many Andalusian migrants, fled persecution under the new Christian monarchs, crossing the Mediterranean to settle in Fez. Luckily Hasan’s family was well connected thanks to his uncle, already settled in Fez, who was a diplomat to the Wattasid rulers, serving Sultan Muhammad al-Shaykh (1490-1557). Consequently, they secured a home in a prominent quarter of Fez. His father purchased land north of the Rif Mountains and rented a castle above Fez. Other emigrant families from Granada however struggled greatly in Fez and complained publicly.
Continue reading...
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Can you explain who Lalla Malika is? When I googled the only thing that came up were articles about a princess with the same name
Lalla Malika is a Moroccan jinniyya (female djinn, or genie in English). She's the daughter of a King of Djinn and a patroness of beauty and luxury. According to some legends, she was a human princess once upon a time. She speaks French, loves perfume, fine clothes (especially multicoloured with gold embroidery), cosmetics, henna, chocolates, and the colours pink and purple. Her name literally means "Lady Queen."
Names: Malika El Hawawiya, Malika Al-Huwawyia, Malika Al Zahwaniya, Nadir Al Alawi, Malika Zahouania, The Green Queen, The Divine Malika, The Jewish Queen, Malika Qouqia, Ghouqia, Sharīfa al-ʿAlawiyya, Shrifa el-Hassania, Moulet er-rouaieh (the Lady of Perfumes), Moulat el-Kfaten (the Lady of Kaftans), Bint al-Sultan (the Daughter of the Sultan), The Lady of Violet, Malika Rina, Daughter of the Mluk, Malika the Joyful, Malika la Amrani, Haji Malika, Malika Al Rahaniya, The Queen of the Queens, Malika al-Bidaouia, Malika al-Fassia, Lalla Hawa, Bint Mlouka
Origin: Morocco (but some Sufi Islam orders in other North African countries like the Tajaniyah of Algeria also revere her). Some believe her origin is specifically in the city of Fez, and that once upon a time in the 18th century, she was a human princess (the daughter of an unknown Sultan of the Alawite dynasty) who was known to be rebellious and libertine. According to ʿAbd ar-Rahim ʿAmrani, a prominent leader of a ḥamadsha troupe, she was from a prominent Algerian Jewish family who lived in the Mellah (Jewish quarter) in Fez. Another story goes that she was a noblewoman from Tlemcen, Algeria, who married a Jewish jeweller and merchant from Fez. And yet another story is that she was a woman from Meknes with a husband called Hammu; there are many other origin stories.
Sacred Sites: Wardrobes, armoires, palaces (she lives in a floating palace on an island with a beautiful gate, and particularly loves the palaces of Fez), Moulay Idris Zerhoun, Moulay Idris in Fez
Classification: She is a flying djinn (djinn tayyar), the strongest and most powerful type of jinn. Flying jinn are often associated with royal and sacred beings, possessing wings and appearing in forms such as falcons, hawks, pigeons, and hoopoes. They are rulers with dominion stretching across divine lands, notably between Jabal al-Nur in Mecca and the mountains of Tihama, making them inhabitants of the holy lands. Their leader is Moulai Ahmed al-Makki, who is the father of Malika, making her the princess of the flying djinn (one of her names, Malika El Hawawiya, is a reference to this, as "hawa" means "wind" in Arabic).
Role: Malika is highly regarded, and is considered not just a princess but also a queen, very respected among the jnun.
Relationships: She is particularly revered by the Nubian kings, including King Chamharouch (King of Thursday and of Moroccan jnun in general), Judge Ahmed (spiritual court judge), and King Abdullah al-Abyad (King of Friday). Together, these kings treat her as their own daughter, as they all descend from the righteous lineage of King Salah. She is also linked to Lord Idris, Memon, and Lalla Mira (many followers of Malika also revere Mira). On the other hand, she is said to have a rivalry with Lalla Aisha Qandisha.
Followers: She expects her followers to be well-groomed and stylish. Both female and male devotees are held to the same high standard of elegance - men must be clean shaven, wear new clothes and fine cologne. It's not a problem if you can't afford fine cologne - if you keep her in luxurious offerings, she'll provide economically for you.
She also provides in other ways, being particularly well-known for keeping devotees out of prison. Female followers of her often wear purple rings (and purple jewellery in general, but especially rings), although as far as I'm aware she doesn't require this. Intricate henna designs are often worn by her female followers, who have henna parties where devotional music is played as the designs are being painted. Her followers are known as the sons and daughters of Malika, and she is revered among many spiritual groups, including but not limited to the Gnawa, Jilala, Hamadsha and Isawiyya. Her presence brings a sense of acceptance, elevating her followers with her charm. It is believed that her followers are those who aspire to live in luxurious elegance. She is accepting of people on the margins of society, such as homosexuals and sex workers.
Her followers are known for their elegant looks and perfect manners, dressed in silk and gold, and leaving behind a trail of pleasant scents like oud and musk. They are noted for their regal demeanour, laughter, joy, energy, and social magnetism, and embody grace, cleanliness and charm.
Favoured People: Gays, bisexuals, crossdressers, young women, unmarried women, sex workers, Jews, eccentric women, modern women who like to smoke, drink and wear revealing clothes, very feminine women, effeminate men, handsome, charming and fun men, people who laugh a lot.
Power: Lalla Malika is untouchable by even the most powerful jinn or demonic forces. Her divine purity and strength make her immune to harm or interference. Her status as a "heavenly queen" stems from her being among the djinn tayyar, placing her beyond the reach of sorcery or malevolence.
Although she's powerful enough to do so, she never engages in attacks, instead choosing to withdraw her presence, leaving a void where there was once joy.
She has the power to grant wishes - her speciality is wishes dealing with obtaining wealth, money, power and abundance. Her power also helps her devotees gain an unfair advantage in matters concerning money through career, jobs, investments, business, assets and other means.
Personality: As well as her love of beauty and luxury, she is also famous for being joyful. It's said that if groups of women giggle, it's because of Lalla Malika's presence. Wherever her followers go, they make loving and accepting friends. Her presence enlivens celebrations. She loves gatherings full of laughter, vitality, and lively conversation, radiating joy and camaraderie wherever she goes. Those fortunate enough to share her company are cherished and admired. However, her radiant appeal also stirs jealousy among some women while earning admiration and love from men.
Aside from being joyful, her personality is also said to be ambitious, seeking status and refusing to let anyone diminish her worth. She exudes class and never settles for mediocrity. She may be considered vain by some, but never arrogant. She has no patience for trivial matters or the headaches of youth, but she treasures traditions, like the henna that graces her hands. She is strong yet compassionate, able to humble even the proudest man while fiercely protecting and nurturing her own. Her aura is transformative, filling any space she enters with laughter and harmony.
Despite her queenly aura, she's also said to be emotional, reminiscent of a young girl - prone to tears, worries and bouts of anger over small matters. But she is equally quick to laugh and find joy. Despite her sophistication, she maintains a sense of innocence and playfulness.
She is a little jealous, but in the way that all jnun are - for example, if Lalla Aisha has a special day, Lalla Malika will ask for one too. Most if not all jnun have the same need for recognition, so she is not unique in that regard. She is extremely accepting and leaves a lasting impression wherever she goes.
She is cosmopolitan, and unlike other jnun enjoys things from Europe and America, like European perfumes and American cigarettes. She speaks French, and some believe French is the only language she knows, although according to others she knows both French and classical Arabic.
She is very tolerant, and homesexuals, bisexuals, cross dressers, sex workers and Jews are protected by her. She encourages men to live their feminine sides publicly. Gay men are sometimes said to have a bit of Malika in them.
She is very flirtatious, sexually free, and loves handsome, charming, fun, well-groomed men - especially if they're married. Men are drawn to her - wherever she walks, they follow, eager to win her favour (women, on the other hand, often feel envy when they encounter her). She engages in sacred marriages and requires any man she's engaged to who's already married to get permission to continue relations with their wives or other women. She seduces people by passing her hands in front of their eyes, after which the person will only see clouds. He can't remember anything, not even his house, as the only thing he is aware of is her. After this, she will call his name and ask him to accept her wishes, to which he of course agrees. She then asks him to marry her, or to have sex with her - it's all the same to her. She commands her lovers to shave, wear cologne, and new clothes. Sometimes men go mad after Lalla Malika has lost interest in them; they can be heard calling her name as they wander around aimlessly, looking for her all night long.
Manifestation: She manifests as a happy spirit who signals her presence by tickling people and brings joy with her. She is considered very pure hearted and her goodness is evident to all. Her presence is also said to inspire romantic feelings and sexual attraction. She behaves very flirtatiously around handsome married men.
She looks like a very beautiful woman with black hair, a slightly tanned complexion, and large, expressive eyes, wearing clothes embroidered in gold thread (often a flowing mauve kaftan), adorned in gold jewellery. On Mondays and Thursdays (from dawn until midday), she wears green silk garments embroidered with gold, adorned with gold jewelry, precious stones, and scented with luxurious perfumes like oud, amber, and musk. She moves slowly and gracefully, like a deer, and sophistication and regality radiates from her.
On Wednesdays and Fridays (from afternoon until sunset), she appears in purple robes and wears the crown of the Seven Kings.
Her hair sometimes appears long and flowing, and sometimes appears short. Many followers report seeing her wear a purple ring (some say with roses on the edges), golden rings, delicate, fragrant flowers, a silver crown studded with diamonds or a veil of transparent lace, purple or white, with golden or silver embroidery. They also report her smelling really good. She sits with her right leg crossed over her left knee, her back straight and her gaze fixed and penetrating. She's said to have an aura of grace and serenity, an air of mystery, and a confident presence.
Her visits often take place at Moulay Idris Zerhoun, and the Moulay Idris in Fez. Usually she manifests in dreams and visions rather than taking possession of people.
She may also signal her presence with pleasant scents, such as oud, or with physical gifts like gold.
Music: Her favourite music is Gnawa - the Gnawa brotherhood do rituals to summon her, as do the Jilala brotherhood. The Hamadsha brotherhood also venerate her, but she doesn't respond to their dances.
The lyrics of her Rih are:
Welcome, Lalla Malika! Welcome, O'Alawiyya!
Welcome, Lalla Malika, to the hadra of Lalla Malika
Allah! Lalla Malika! I beseech Lalla Malika.
Allah! Lalla Malika! He who beseeches can have no fear.
Allah! Daughter of the Prophet.
Usually her rih is performed by the Gnawa or Jilala, but may be performed by the Hamadsha if she takes possession of one of their dancers.
Shrine: She lives in closets and armoires, and it's recommended to build a shrine to her inside of a wardrobe (which you fill up with fine garments, of course). I think a stylish dressing table could work if you have no wardrobe space though. Or why not dedicate a whole bedroom filled with beautiful things? When her devotees hold gatherings in her honour, they set the offerings out on a table with a purple cloth laid on it.
She is a benevolent djinn who loves spreading joy and doesn't attack, so she likely wouldn't mind sharing altar space with another deity. She has high standards and expects beauty and elegance though, so make sure to keep her altar beautiful and clean (she loves clean spaces in general), offering new treats regularly.
Days: She often descends to Earth to assist humans. On Mondays and Thursdays, she focuses on removing the oppression of lower spirits, lifting curses, and combating evil forces. On Wednesdays and Fridays, she joins spiritual gatherings where incense and perfumes are offered, often involving the Naqshbandi Sufi order, which opens the door to her presence. Thursday is the best day to perform rituals and make offerings to her, as she's said to preside over Thursdays (in Morocco it's considered the most magically powerful day). However, some people like to work with her on Sundays (also considered auspicious) or even Saturdays. Her favourite time of day is the afternoon.
Colours: Purple is the colour she's most heavily associated with. One of her names is "The Lady of Violet" and she's associated with all shades of it, like magenta, indigo, mallow, lavender, amethyst, lilac, Indian rose, aubergine, Persian blue, heliotrope, wisteria etc. She's also associated with green, pink, magenta and mauve. In Gnawa rituals, brown is used to represent her.
Scents: Pure oud, Oud el Qmari, sandalwood, pure musk, serghina. Also any perfume, especially if it's fine cologne.
Religion: Malika is said to be connected to both Islam and Judaism. She is associated with the Sabbath—where her presence is likened to a candle burning in observance. She is associated with figures like David and Mohammed, embodying a connection to both Judaism and Islam. She stands at the intersection of spirituality, prayer, and religion, embodying both worlds.
Unlike those who prioritize the afterlife by renouncing material needs, Malika embraces worldly delights. She represents vitality, light, activity and abundance, seeking offerings such as food, incense, and other forms of sustenance.
Despite her ties to Judaism, Malika is also considered honorable and noble by Muslims, respected by people of both faiths.
Offerings: She loves henna. She prefers tree-fill henna over dot-fill designs, and is particularly associated with Fassi style henna, but any delicate style of henna that showcases the artist's skill and is delightful to the eye is adequate, especially if it's floral. She also loves to receive delicate sweets and chocolates, incense, candles, cosmetics, dry fruits, luxurious clothing, especially multicoloured or with gold embroidery, sandalwood bark, mirrors and especially perfume. More detail on offerings in the post linked at the bottom, but in general she loves fine and precious things - it's said that her offerings are the same gifts a groom gives to his bride.
Dislikes: Blood, sadness, salty foods
Iconography: Fine perfumes, trays of precious and delicate sweets, gold, pink and purple hues, makeup, Fassi style henna, incense, a crown, a gold ring with a purple stone, lipstick, luxury kaftans, a mirror.
Honouring Her: Things you can do to feel closer to her are: playing gnawa music (this performance on YouTube is in honour of her, there is actually quite a bit of devotional music dedicated to her on YouTube and Spotify), lighting incense or bakhour, speaking or learning French or Arabic, organising your wardrobe, making sure you are well groomed, wearing stylish outfits (complete with jewellery and makeup), getting henna done in delicate, intricate, beautiful styles, wearing clothes, jewellery or accessories in her favourite colours, and spritzing perfume. You can also use emojis in her favourite colours on social media (on Moroccan social media, a purple heart 💜 is typically used, any post about her will have purple hearts in the comments and typically the caption. Personally I like using both purple and pink hearts as pink is also associated with her. Many people also use both pink and green in the same post. Other common emojis include the crown, candle, diamond, lotus flower, menorah, and Star of David emojis).
Planet: The Moon
Gemstone: Amethyst
Devotional Playlist
Is Lalla Malika a version of Aphrodite?
How to Dress When Doing Rituals for Lalla Malika
Invoke Lalla Malika if you want to seduce, wow and captivate people, or want luxury and pretty things in your life ✨💜💚
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Ever heard of the east african bronze age, land of Punt
I did not! But now I do and I find it very very cool!!
(Punt 2500–980 BCE)
"Land of Punt was an ancient kingdom known from Ancient Egyptian trade records. It produced and exported gold, aromatic resins, blackwood, ebony, ivory and wild animals." ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Cool Article about Punt)
Punt was likely located in present-day Puntland State of Somalia or, at least, North West Somalia!
"...he country is best known from inscriptions regarding Queen Hatshepsut's famous expedition in 1493 BCE in the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. This exchange between the two countries brought back living trees to Egypt, marking the first known successful attempt at transplanting foreign fauna. "
(The possible route taken : Wadi Tumilat)
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"Punt came to hold a deep fascination for the Egyptian people as a "land of plenty" and was known as Te Netjer, the land of the gods, from which important goods came to Egypt."
In the 12th Dynasty (1991-1802 BCE), Punt was immortalized in Egyptian literature in the Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor!
videos: (Audio Book online I found , more story like) (More faithful video to the original story, also read in egyptian, very cool)
"Punt is purposefully chosen in this story as the mystical land on which the sailor washes up because it was already understood as a faraway realm of exotic goods and generous people."
(A friendly game of Senet)
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Folio from a Qur’an.
1313. Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt.
The Smithsonian: National Museum of Asian Art.
#art#culture#history#middle eastern history#mamluk#mamluk dynasty#egyptian history#egypt#north africa#north african history#african history#medieval#medieval history#smithsonian#the smithsonian#literature#museum
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The Kingdom of Kush in the Sudan was known for its horses, which were a symbol of power, status, and Kushite culture:
Horse burialsThe ceremonial burial of a horse in Tombos around 949 BC is an example of the horse's significance in Kushite culture. The horse was buried in an older tomb with tack and ornamentation, foreshadowing later royal horse burials.
Horse iconographyHorse iconography was used in state policy, conquest, and worship to visually represent the horse as a symbol of Kushite culture.
Assyrian recordsAssyrian records frequently mention Kushite horses, suggesting that Kush was the original breeding ground for horses.
Royal attentionThe Victory Stela of King Piy mentions the royal attention to horses.
Kushite king PiankhiWhen Kushite king Piankhi put down a rebellion in northern Egypt, he was enraged that his horses had been mistreated.
The Kush civilization was also known for its extensive trade routes, conquering Egypt during the twenty-fifth dynasty, and having an active influence of Egyptian culture.
#kush#ta seti#nubia#african#afrakan#kemetic dreams#brownskin#brown skin#africans#african culture#afrakans#nubianlifestyles#nubian queen#nubian goddess#nubian art#wonderfam#nubia of themyscira#diana of themyscira#wonder girl#amazons#north africa#25th dynasty#horses
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Tantamani: Kushite King of Napata & the Last Pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty
Tantamani, also known as Tanutamun, was a significant figure in ancient Egyptian history as the last ruler of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. His reign marked the culmination of Nubian rule over Egypt and the subsequent end of the Kushite pharaohs’ dominance in the region. Tantamani’s story is a compelling narrative of ambition, power, and the struggle for control over a vast and culturally rich…
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#African History#Ancient Egyptians#ancient egyptians history#Egypt history#Kushite King#Last Pharaoh#North African History#Tantamani#Twenty-fifth Dynasty
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‘Pimp’ and ‘Lyss’: The Immortal Young Brothers by Claude Johnson (Black Fives Foundation)
They were brothers on and off the court. William Pennington Young, sometimes known as “Pimp” to his friends, and his older brother Ulysses S. Young, known simply as “Lyss” to his pals, were an unstoppable sibling pair of African American basketball stars that played during the 1910s and early 1920s.
They also made significant pioneering contributions off the court, long after their playing days ended.
Ulysses was born in Virginia in 1894. A year later, after his hard working parents migrated tot he North in pursuit of a better life, younger brother William was born in Orange, New Jersey.
A few years later, in 1900, their parents rented a room of their home to a young couple from Virginia, the Ricks family, who had a newborn son named James. Over the years the Young brothers embraced little James as if he were their own kin, and as the older boys got involved in sports, so did their protégé.
Something in that combined household created serious athletic skills.
Lyss and William attended nearby Orange High School, where they starred in football, basketball, and baseball. In 1910, while still in high school, the pair began playing semi-pro basketball for the Imperial Athletic Club, a local squad that competed against such teams as the Newark Strollers, the Montclair Athletic Club, and the Jersey City Colored YMCA. The two immediately received attention in the black sports press, including the popular and nationally circulated New York Age.
Their attraction to basketball got young James hooked on the sport too, and he soon developed his own talent. One huge advantage was having the opportunity to learn from- and train with the Young brothers.
The little basketball apprentice, James Ricks, would grow up to become James “Pappy” Ricks, who would become a founding member of the New York Renaissance Big Five professional basketball team and eventually reach the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.
After high school, the Young brothers attended Lincoln University in West Chester, Pennsylvania, which was not only America’s oldest historically black university but also was the closest to home for them. In college they both were once again three-sport stars. Though the brothers excelled in each sport, their first claim to fame was through football.
Playing quarterback, William was named as a Negro All-American during his senior year. Ulysses, playing end, was named to the Milton Roberts All Time Black College Football Squad for the 1910s Decade.
After graduating from Lincoln (“Pimp” was class valedictorian in 1917), the Youngs were recruited to play professional basketball in Pittsburgh by prominent African American sports promoter Cumberland Posey. Posey, historian Rob Ruck wrote in Sandlot Seasons, his landmark book that explores the city’s unique athletic heritage, “was,as much as any one man could be, the architect of sport in black Pittsburgh.”
The pioneering promoter had been cultivating Pittsburgh’s black basketball talent through his operation of several different squads in the city, most prominently the Monticello Athletic Association, since the early 1910s. But with America’s imminent entry into World War I and the resulting lack of resources, Posey decided to consolidate his best talent into one powerfully built team.
The result was the Loendi Big Five, a legendary combo that was sponsored and got its name from the Loendi Social & Literary Club, an exclusive African American social club in the the city’s predominantly black Hill District.
1921.
Adding the collegiate superstars from Lincoln not only helped Posey promote his new team but also sparked the Loendi Big Five’s domination of black basketball, with a dynasty that included four straight Colored Basketball World Championships from 1919 through 1923.
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Gladiator II
Hey so what the fuck is up with the casting of the new Gladiator movie?
Because I just watched the trailer and I saw the portrayal of Geta and Caracalla and all I can think is wtf.
Don't get me wrong Joey Quinn and Fred Hechinger are fine actors, but why are the sons of the only African Roman emperor played by two white guys?
To add more context I'm an archaeologist whose focus is on north African archaeology and specifically Roman north Africa. I have a special place in my heart for Septimius Severus and his fail sons and I was pretty excited when I heard that the movie would be set during the rule of Caracalla and Geta. But now? I'm just pissed because seriously?
And before anyone comments, Septimius Severus was north African, he was born in Libya, to a family with Punic ancestry and he was described by Cassius Dio as "Libyan by race". This is how he was represented in official art.
and here is the lovely Marwan Kenzari who is also north African
Septimius Severus's wife, the lovely Julia Domna, was born in Syria. So tell me why Geta and Caracalla look like this?
I remember all the anger when Ridley Scott's Exodus came out and everyone was justifiably pissed that he whitewashed the shit out of it. It seems to me that because people know less about Severans that Scott felt he could more easily get away with whitewashing the dynasty and people simply wouldn't notice.
There are many amazingly talented Maghrebi and Arab actors out there and it's fucking ludicrous that they've been denied these roles.
It's fucking racist.
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