#Neodymium iron boron

[mpcomagnetics]

MP Materials begins construction of magnetics plant

MP Materials begins construction of magnetics plant, cements supply agreement with GM MP Materials has begun construction on its previously announced rare earth metals, alloys and magnet manufacturing facility in Fort Worth, Texas, marking a significant return to magnet manufacturing in North America. The company said that it will invest US$700 million in the next two years to fully restore the…

[hsmagnet]

How Does Air Gap Affect Magnet Selection?

How Does Air Gap Affect Magnet Selection? When selecting a magnet for a specific application, understanding the concept of air gap is crucial. An air gap refers to any non-magnetic material that separates a magnet from the ferromagnetic object it is intended to attract. This separation can significantly impact the performance of the magnet, primarily by affecting its holding force. 1. Definition…

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Scientists simulate magnetization reversal of Nd-Fe-B magnets using large-scale finite element models

NIMS has succeeded in simulating the magnetization reversal of Nd-Fe-B magnets using large-scale finite element models constructed based on tomographic data obtained by electron microscopy. Such simulations have shed light on microstructural features that hinder the coercivity, which quantifies a magnet's resistance to demagnetization in opposing magnetic fields. New tomography-based models are expected to guide toward the development of sustainable permanent magnets with ultimate performance. Green power generation, electric transportation, and other high-tech industries rely heavily on high-performance permanent magnets, among which the Nd-Fe-B magnets are the strongest and most in demand. The coercivity of industrial Nd-Fe-B magnets is far below its physical limit up to now. To resolve this issue, micromagnetic simulations on realistic models of the magnets can be employed.

Read more.

[moonfableflor]

Image ID: A screenshot of a two-by-four table with the labels, from top to bottom, "State," "Low energy," "High energy," and "Other states" in the left column. The right column's properties are:

Left column: State. Right column: "Solid • Liquid • Gas / Vapor • Plasma"

Left column: Low energy. Right column: "Bose–Einstein condensate • Fermionic condensate • Degenerate matter • Quantum Hall • Rydberg matter • Rydberg polaron • Strange matter • Superfluid • Supersolid •Photonic molecule"

Left column: High energy. Right column: "QCD matter • Lattice QCD • Quark–gluon plasma • Color-glass condensate • Supercritical fluid"

Left column: Other states. Right column: "Colloid • Glass • Crystal • Liquid crystal • Time crystal • Quantum spin liquid • Exotic matter • Programmable matter • Dark matter • Antimatter • Magnetically ordered (Antiferromagnet • Ferrimagnet • Ferromagnet) • String-net liquid • Superglass"

End image ID

People often complain about "how many genders there are". When you go through school, you learn that there are three states of matter. You also learn that there are two genders. Of course, this is not the reality. You may learn that plasma is a fourth state of matter, and that there are transgender or nonbinary people.

Let's take a look at the true number of states of matter...

I feel that if Bose-Einstein condensate is a valid state of matter, then girlflux is a valid label.

The real world is FAR from simple. Not even matter is binary (or quaternary).

[pleuvoire]

why do i suddenly have the tom lehrer elements song stuck in my head. i haven't listened to or thought about it in ten years

[fool-counter]

And now, AsapSCIENCE presents The Elements of the Periodic Table. 🎵 There's Hydrogen and Helium Then Lithium, Beryllium Boron, Carbon everywhere Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe And Fluorine for your pretty teeth Neon to light up the signs Sodium for salty times

Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus Then Sulfur, Chlorine, and Argon Potassium and Calcium, so you'll grow strong Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium And Chromium and Manganese

This is the Periodic Table Noble Gas is stable Halogens and Alkali react aggressively Each period we'll see new outer shells While electrons are added moving to the right

Iron is the 26, then Cobalt Nickel, coins you get Copper, Zinc, and Gallium Germanium and Arsenic

Selenium and Bromine film While Krypton helps light up your room Rubidium and Strontium Then Yttrium, Zirconium

Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium Silver-ware, then Cadmium and Indium

Tin-cans, Antimony, then Tellurium And Iodine and Xenon, and then Caesium And Barium is 56, and this is where the table splits Where lanthanides have just begun Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium

Neodymium's next to Promethium, then 62 Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, and Terbium Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium

Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten Then we're on to Rhenium, Osmium, and Iridium Platinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old Mercury to tell you when it's really cold

Thallium and Lead, then Bismuth for your tummy Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy Radon, Francium will last a little time Radium, then Actinides at 89

This is the Periodic Table Noble Gas is stable Halogens and Alkali react aggressively Each period we'll see new outer shells While electrons are to the right

Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium Lawrencium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium Bohrium, Hassium, then Meinerium, Darmstadtium Roentgenium, Copernicium

Ununtrium, Flerovium Ununpentium, Livermorium Ununseptium, Ununoctium And then we're done

And now, AsapSCIENCE presents The Elements of the Periodic Table. 🎵 There's Hydrogen and Helium Then Lithium, Beryllium Boron, Carbon everywhere Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe And Fluorine for your pretty teeth Neon to light up the signs Sodium for salty times

Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus Then Sulfur, Chlorine, and Argon Potassium and Calcium, so you'll grow strong Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium And Chromium and Manganese

This is the Periodic Table Noble Gas is stable Halogens and Alkali react aggressively Each period we'll see new outer shells While electrons are added moving to the right

Iron is the 26, then Cobalt Nickel, coins you get Copper, Zinc, and Gallium Germanium and Arsenic

Selenium and Bromine film While Krypton helps light up your room Rubidium and Strontium Then Yttrium, Zirconium

Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium Silver-ware, then Cadmium and Indium

Tin-cans, Antimony, then Tellurium And Iodine and Xenon, and then Caesium And Barium is 56, and this is where the table splits Where lanthanides have just begun Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium

Neodymium's next to Promethium, then 62 Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, and Terbium Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium

Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten Then we're on to Rhenium, Osmium, and Iridium Platinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old Mercury to tell you when it's really cold

Thallium and Lead, then Bismuth for your tummy Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy Radon, Francium will last a little time Radium, then Actinides at 89

This is the Periodic Table Noble Gas is stable Halogens and Alkali react aggressively Each period we'll see new outer shells While electrons are to the right

Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium Lawrencium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium Bohrium, Hassium, then Meinerium, Darmstadtium Roentgenium, Copernicium

Ununtrium, Flerovium Ununpentium, Livermorium Ununseptium, Ununoctium And then we're done

fool count: 10

[bettertwin9000]

There's Hydrogen and Helium

Then Lithium, Beryllium

Boron, Carbon everywhere

Nitrogen all through the air

With Oxygen so you can breathe

And Fluorine for your pretty teeth

Neon to light up the signs

Sodium for salty times

Silicon

(Phosphorus, then Sulfur) Chlorine and Argon

(Potassium) And Calcium so you'll grow strong

(Scandium) Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese

This is the Periodic Table

Noble gas is stable

Halogens and Alkali react aggressively

Each period will see new outer shells

While electrons are added moving to the right

Iron is the 26th

Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get

Copper, Zinc and Gallium

Germanium and Arsenic

Selenium and Bromine film

While Krypton helps light up your room

Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium

Molybdenum, Technetium

(Ruthenium) Rhodium, Palladium

(Silver-war) Then Cadmium and Indium

(Tin-cans) Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon

And then Caesium and

Barium is 56, and this is where the table splits

Where Lanthanides have just begun

Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium

Neodymium's next to

Promethium, then 62's

Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium

Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium

Ytterbium, Lutetium

Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to

Rhenium, Osmium and Iridium

Platinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old

Mercury to tell you when it's really cold

(Thallium) And lead then Bismuth for your tummy

(Polonium) Astatine would not be yummy

(Radon) Francium will last a little time

(Radium) then Actinides at 89

This is the Periodic Table

Noble gas is stable

Halogens and Alkali react aggressively

Each period will see new outer shells

While electrons are to the right

Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium

Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium

Americium, Curium, Berkelium

Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium

Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium

Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium

Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium

Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium

Nihonium, Flerovium

Moscovium, Livermorium

Tennessine and Oganesson

And then we're done

Wonderful job

[element-tournament]

THE IDEA

There are 118 elements in the periodic table. The elements are as follows:

Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Gallium, Germanium, Arsenic, Selenium, Bromine, Krypton, Rubidium, Strontium, Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Silver, Cadmium, Indium, Tin, Antimony, Tellurium, Iodine, Xenon, Caesium, Barium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Rhenium, Osmium, Iridium, Platinum, Gold, Mercury, Thallium, Lead, Bismuth, Polonium, Astatine, Radon, Francium, Radium, Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium, Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium, Bohrium, Hassium, Meitnerium, Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium, Nihonium, Flerovium, Moscovium, Livermorium, Tennessine, Oganesson

There happen to be 10 categories in the periodic table:

Other nonmetals, Alkali metals, Transition metals, Post-transition metals, Metalloids, Alkaline earth metals, Noble gases, Halogens, Lanthanoids, and Actnoids.

Seeing as there are ten options max in tumblr polls, I have decided to make a tournament for every single element in the periodic table. I will give fun facts about each element when they appear in the tournament. When there are ten options left (one for each category), they will all go against each other in one final poll to determine the best element in the periodic table.

I am not starting right away but I will start eventually.

[ultradeduction]

There's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium

And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium

And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium

And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium

Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium

And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium

And gold protactinium and indium and gallium

And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium

There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium

And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium

And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium

And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium, and barium

There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium

And phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium

And manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium

Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium

And lead, praseodymium and platinum, plutonium

Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium

And tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium

And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium

There's sulfur, californium and fermium, berkelium

And also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium

And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium

And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin and sodium

These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard

And there may be many others, but they haven't been discovered!

Huh

[positivelybeastly]

Now for another silly question for the Beasts: Which of the songs by Tom Lehrer is your favorite?

"There's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, and hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium, and nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, and iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium!

Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, and lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium, and gold, protactinium, and indium and gallium, and iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium!"

"There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium, and boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium, and strontium and silicon and silver and samarium, and bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium, and barium!"

"Don't forget lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, copernicium, nihonium, flerovium, moscovium, livermorium, tennessine, and oganesson, none of which had been discovered when the song was written."

"There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, and phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium, and manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium, dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium!"

"And lead, praseodymium and platinum, plutonium, palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium, and tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, and cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium!"

"There's sulfur, californium and fermium, berkelium, and also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium, and argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodium, and chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin and sodium!"

They all turn to look at the remaining beasts.

"No."

". . ."

They all squint.

Dark Beast sighs.

"These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard, and there may be many others, but they haven't been discovered . . ."

[mpcomagnetics]

Why Does High-temperature Liquefied Iron Nucleus Produce a Huge Magnetic Field?

Bar Magnet Heating Will Lose Magnetism, Why Does High-temperature Liquefied Iron Nucleus Produce a Huge Magnetic Field? The atoms in the magnet are arranged neatly in accordance with certain rules, which is why magnets have magnetic reasons. When heating the magnet, the arrangement of the atom is disrupted and the magnetic is reduced. When heating to 770 ° C, the magnet loses magneticity. Why…

[hsmagnet]

How Air Gaps Impact Magnet Strength

How Air Gaps Impact Magnet Strength In the world of neodymium magnets, the air gap refers to the precise distance separating a rare earth magnet and its intended attachment surface. In most cases, this intended surface would be another magnet or ferromagnetic object, such as a steel disc. Air gaps are a big deal because they give you an effective way to manipulate, calibrate and control the…

[materialsscienceandengineering]

The Neodymium-Iron-Boron Ternary System

Phase Poll #10 wrapped up yesterday with the final result as 42.5% Fe, 30% Nd, and 27.5% B. This ternary system is most well known for neodymium-iron-boron magnets, so we’re going to spend a little bit of time discussing those before we narrow in on the chosen composition.

Nd-Fe-B magnets are permanent magnets with the composition of Nd2Fe14B, considered to be an intermetallic, and a tetragonal crystal structure. (Permanent magnets are those materials which are magnetized and create their own magnetic field, such as refrigerator magnets.) These neodymium magnets are the most widely used rare earth magnets and have numerous applications, including in computers, speakers, door locks, electric generators, among countless others. These magnets are typically produced either through powder metallurgy and sintering, or through melt spinning.

The chosen composition results in another stoichiometric, intermetallic phase, NdB4. Its space group is P4/bmb, meaning it crystalizes with a tetragonal crystal structure as well. On their own, there is little interest in neodymium boron compounds in the literature.

Sources/Further Reading: ( 1 ) ( 2 - image 2 ) ( 3 - image 3 ) ( 4 - images 4 and 5 )

More phase diagrams: ( image 1 ) ( 500K ) ( 1000K ) ( 1500K ) ( 2000K )

[wayti-blog]

"Magnetic levitation is already employed in systems such as Maglev trains, flywheels and high-speed machinery. Now researchers at the Technical University of Denmark have given this old technology a fresh twist by explaining how a magnet can be levitated simply by rotating another magnet of a similar size near it. This unusual effect was first demonstrated by an electronics/computer and software engineer, Hamdi Ucar, in 2021, and the TU-Denmark team say it could be exploited in the contactless handling of objects or used to trap and manipulate ferromagnetic microparticles.

There are three main types of magnetic levitation. In the first, known as active magnetic stabilization, a control system supplies the magnetic force required keep the levitating object balanced. The second, termed electrodynamic suspension, is used in Maglev trains. Here, a moving magnet induces a current in a stationary conductor, producing a repulsive force that increases with the speed of the moving magnet. The last category, called spin-stabilized levitation, features a levitating magnet that spins at around 500 revolutions per minute (rpm) and remains stable thanks to the gyroscopic effect.

The new type of levitation involves two magnets. The first, dubbed the “rotor”, is mounted on a motor with its north and south poles oriented perpendicular to its rotation axis and made to rotate at velocities of around 10 000 rpm. In the TU-Denmark team’s experiments, this magnet was spherical, 19 mm in diameter and made from neodymium-iron-boron.

The second magnet – the “floater” – is placed near the rotor, begins to spin automatically, and then moves towards the rotor until it hovers in space a few centimetres below it. The floater precesses with the same frequency as the rotor and its magnetization is oriented close to the axis of rotation and towards the like pole of the rotor magnet. If disturbed, a restoring force moves it back to its equilibrium position.

“It is quite surprising that magnetic levitation develops in such as relatively simple system,” says Rasmus Bjørk, a physicist at TU-Denmark who led the study together with Frederik Laust Durhuus and Joachim Marco Hermansen."

"“It is intuitive to all that the magnetostatic force that one magnet exerts on another can be both attractive and repulsive,” explains Durhuus. “Without rotation, the free magnet will rotate so the force becomes purely attractive and then the magnets will collide into each other. What makes the new magnetic levitation system so special is that the rotation itself allows the floater to remain in a counterintuitive configuration, nearly perpendicular to the rotor’s field, where the magnetostatic force both attracts and repels it.”

continue reading article

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil starts to tap its rare earth reserves

A rare earth mining project nearing completion in the midwestern state of Goiás has the potential to kickstart the development of a rare earth industry in Brazil, market participants said

The Mineração Serra Verde project, owned by energy transition-focused private equity firm Denham Capital, is in the final stages of commissioning and is scheduled to launch ionic clay rare earth production by the end of this year.

Planned phase 1 output is large by industry standards, at around 5,000 tonnes per year of rare earth oxides contained in concentrate. Importantly, this will include both the light rare earths neodymium and praseodymium and the heavy rare earths dysprosium and terbium, which are all needed for high-performance neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets for the engines of electric vehicles (EVs).

Neodymium and praseodymium are used in the largest amount in NdFeB magnets, but trace quantities of dysprosium and terbium are critical for maintaining the performance of these magnets at high temperatures inside an EV engine.

Global production of heavy rare earth ores is concentrated in Myanmar, and supply is frequently disrupted. This is accelerating the search for new sources of supply to meet growing demand from the automotive sector.

Continue reading.

[boycritter]

hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon francium radium actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson