#Mangalia

[scavengedluxury]

Neptun holiday village, Mangalia, 1973. From the Budapest Municipal Photography Company archive.

[officialromaniantranslatiuni]

[inima-npalme]

I never get tired of the blue sky🩵🩷

-Vincent van Gogh

[highwaygothic]

Negru Vodă, Constanța, Northern Dobruja, Romania

[jmfisz]

[ardatotal]

Mangalia, liniștită dar...

[alexandermagedler]

Mangalia, Rumänien, 29.08.2024

[vladdocs]

Do you have any more fun facts about Vlad Dracul?

Not many at hand but I know from where to take them (If you know Romanian):

Something that is less talked about on the internet is the Danube campaign after the failed Crusade of Varna where Walerand de Wavrin and Vlad Dracul team up to take Giurgiu: We are in Varna, not far from the Black Sea coast, and it is November 10, 1444. A horrific battle has just ended. Over 30,000 crusaders were overwhelmed by the Ottomans, who were twice as numerous, so half of the Christians were killed. King Vladislav III of Poland and Hungary died on the battlefield(Before the Battle Vlad Dracul offered him a Wallachian horse which were the best horses at that time (That's why a castrated horse in german is called "Wallach") but the king refused it), beheaded. He paid with his life for the haste (Before they learned about the death of Vladislav III The pope asked Vlad Dracul to negotiate with the ottomans for his release, since Vlad Dracul was seen as mediator between the Ottomans and Christians), impulsiveness and pride that led him to disregard the tactical plan drawn up by the experienced and brave voivode of Transylvania, John Hunyadi. The Turks are victorious and their opponents are retreating. The news of the defeat at Varna sends shivers down the spine of all of Europe. The only one putting the work on the ottomans at Varna was Vlad's older brother the 15-year-old Mircea, That till (if we believe the chronicle of the clown Michael Beheim) Murad II sent a letter to him: "Many of them, a countless number, were killed. When the Emperor(Murad II) heard what great losses his men were suffering, he sent a message to Trakal(Dracul/Mircea): if he did not stop fighting before more messages came to him, he would kill his two brothers whom he had captured. He would do this if he did not show restraint in battle."

For what Mircea II did at Varna watch this video, really worthy it, really sad ending too:

The Christian Crusade launched in 1443 did not end there, however. There was one last stage, known as the Danube Campaign, to which we now turn our attention.

At the request of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaeologus, Pope Eugenius IV ordered a new Christian campaign, Burgundo-papal, to take place in the second half of 1445. It was commanded by Walerand de Wavrin, counselor and chamberlain of the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good, and commander of the crusader fleet in recent years. He was joined by the Venetian cardinal Francesco Condulmer (nephew of Pope Eugenius). The Venetians were very interested in this Danube campaign: let us not forget that the Turks had given the Genoese a commercial monopoly in Dobruja, at the mouths of the Danube, and Genoa and Venice were on different sides of the war.

The declared objective of the campaign was to destabilize the Ottoman Empire and replace the child sultan Mehmed II (the future Mehmed the Conqueror, 1444-1446, 1451-1481) with Daud Celebi, a pretender favored by the Crusaders. John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania (future regent of Hungary), and Vlad Dracul, Voivode of Wallachia, were also persuaded to participate in the campaign.

The Burgundo-Papal fleet, consisting of a few dozen ships, sets sail from Constantinople and enters the Black Sea. Wavrin was in serious financial trouble: the money he had received from the Pope was gone, and he still had debts from equipping the ships. Before raising anchor, he sells his jewels for 1,000 ducats, but this is not enough. He engages in piracy in the Black Sea, plundering Turkish merchant ships. He is not alone, as two other Burgundian navigators, Geoffroy de Thoisy and Regnault de Confide, had done the same thing, in another area, closer to the Georgian Pontic coast. Thoisy returns to Constantinople, but Confide joins his ships with Wavrin's fleet.

The Burgundians arrive at Panguala, present-day Mangalia. Here, the commander (or "fleet captain" as he appears in some sources) sees the submerged ruins of the ancient city of Callatis as well as the rocky outcrops in the area that made navigation dangerous. From Panguala, the Crusaders go north and enter the Danube at Chilia. Officer Pietre Vasquez is sent to Wallachia and Transylvania to inform Vlad Dracul and John Hunyadi that the crusade expedition is ready. The fleet then arrives at Isaccea and finally at Brăila. Here Vasquez also returns and conveys to Wavrin John's order: to go up the Danube with 8 galleys and wait for the land forces in September. John was to bring some 10,000 soldiers and Vlad Dracul, about 5,000-6,000. In this late August 1445, an Ottoman prince (other than Daud), named Savci, who claimed to be the grandson of Murad II and who, with the help of Hungary, dreamed of the Ottoman imperial throne, also boarded one of the Burgundian ships. The Burgundian fleet reaches Silistra, which is heavily fortified. The Burgundians do not dare to besiege it and Savci does not succeed in convincing the soldiers to surrender the fortress to him. On August 29, the Burgundian fleet - from the water and Vlad Dracul's forces - from the land - destroyed Tutrakan (Turtucaia), then arrived at Giurgiu. John had not yet arrived, but the Christians nevertheless attacked Giurgiu. Here is what is mentioned in Wavrin's military journal: "The Lord of Wallachia sends news that a day's journey away by navigable water with a favorable wind, there is a fortress four times larger than Tutrakan, on a large island and which was called Giurgiu." Vlad says that it belonged to Wallachia, claims it and asks Wavrin to attack it. The Crusaders accept and a bombard (cannon) is brought from the captain's galley and dragged on sled runners to the front of the walls. Wavrin and his second-in-command Confide withdraw at one point and leave the Wallachians the cannon. The siege continues, especially since the shells seem to destroy part of the wall (it's just an appearance, according to sources). Uninspired, they fire frequently and the bombard breaks down, its rings burst and two gunners are killed in the accident. Wavrin and Vlad decide to pile wood next to the walls and set it on fire. The Ottoman garrison suffocates so the Turks decide to surrender and over 60 of them are taken hostage and the rest are allowed to leave (But In the same Wavrin chronicle, Mircea and Wavrin spoke:

“In the meantime, the son of the lord of Wallachia went to visit the lord of Wavrin, to whom, after greeting him, had an interpreter say that he was planning an enterprise against the Turks: and, if he promised him not to judging him badly, he would tell him his secret; which the lord of Wavrin absolutely swore to him. And then the interpreter, having received instructions from the son of The ruler of Wallachia, spoke in this way: "My father sent for me and told me that, if I do not avenge him of that subachi of that castle of Georgye (Giurgiu), he will disown me and he no longer considers me his son; because he is the one who betrayed him and who, with a safe conduct from the Turk, made him go to the aforementioned Turk, then took him prisoner to the castle of Gallipoli, where he held him for a long time with chains on his legs . Now the fact is that he and his Saracens have now surrendered to my father, their lives and possessions must be spared, and they must be taken to Vulgarye (Bulgaria); and I will go, along with 2000 Wallachians, two leagues from here, cross the river and set up an ambush on their path: so, when they try to go to Nicopolis, I will be in front of them, so I will put them all to death . ” A thing to which the aforementioned lord of Wavrin did not answer a single word, neither good nor bad. So the aforementioned son of Wallachia went away, to go and carry out his enterprise.“

So technically Vlad Dracul let them go but Mircea had other orders, he caught them, skinned them and put their empty husks on display next to the ottoman border (Deserved ngl) After Giurgiu, they go to Ruse, to Nicopolis and then further on, to Turnu Măgurele. John Hunyadi also arrives on the Danube on September 15. There are minor skirmishes with the Turks but everything ends on September 29, when, for fear of being caught in the ice on the Wallachian waters, the Crusaders decide to return to Constantinople. The crusade expedition fails but the memory of the huge crusade ships that sailed on the waves of the Pontus and the waters of the Danube, at Panguala, Chilia and Isaccea, then at Silistra and Tutrakan, remains…

[8-august-ganduri]

Sunt în Mangalia, no money no cash, merg acasă cu o speranță. Sper să nu fie una falsă..

[socmonumentalart]

Palace of Culture Mangalia, Mangalia, Romania, built in 1963. Architect: Nicolae Vlădescu. Large mural: Primordial elements of life, on a large mosaic by Jules Perahim entitled “Genesis”, on the facade of the Palace of Culture, built 1958-63 in Romanian People's Republic. © BACU https://www.instagram.com/p/Cqi3W1hMl-1/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[goalhofer]

2024 olympics Romania roster

Archery

Mădălina Amăistroaie (Suceava)

Athletics

Alin Firfirică (Timișoara)

Andrei Toader (Râmnicu Vâlcea)

Alexandru Novac (Adjud)

Andrea Miklós (Cluj-Napoca)

Stella Rutto (Bucharest)

Delvine Relin-Meringor (Bucharest)

Joan Chelimo-Melly (Bucharest)

Alina Rotaru-Kottmann (Bucharest)

Diana Ion (Bucharest)

Elena Taloș (Câmpulung)

Bianca Ghelber (Roman)

Daniela Stanciu (Buftea)

Boxing

Lenuța Perijoc (Siret)

Canoeing

Oleg Nuță (Bucharest)

Ilie Sprîncean (Criuleni, Moldova)

Cătălin Chirilă (Tulcea)

Cycling

Molnár Ede-Károly (Suceava)

Fencing

Mălina Călugăreanu (Bucharest)

Gymnastics

Andrei Muntean (Sibiu)

Ana Bărbosu (Focșani)

Lilia Cosman (Deva)

Amalia Ghigoarță (Lugoj)

Andreea Preda (Constanța)

Sabrina Maneca-Voinea (Constanța)

Annaliese Dragan (Bucharest)

Judo

Alex Creț (Oradea)

Rowing

Andrei Lungu (Bucharest)

Iliuță-Leontin Nuțescu (Suceava)

Andrei Mândrilă (Chișinău, Moldova)

Bogdan-Sabin Baitoc (Bucharest)

Claudiu Neamțu (Dorohoi)

Mihai Chiruță (Suceava)

Andrei Cornea (Broșteni)

Marian Enache (Târgu Cărbunești)

Florin Horodișteanu (Dorohoi)

Ioan Prundeanu (Fălticeni)

Florin Arteni-Fîntînariu (Suceava)

Florin Lehaci (Câmpulung)

Sergiu Bejan (Suceava)

Ștefan Berariu (Dumbrăveni)

Ciprian Tudosă (Fălticeni)

Marius Cozmiuc (Suceava)

Constantin Adam (Călărași)

Mugurel Semciuc (Suceava)

Mihăiță Țigănescu (Suceava)

Adrian Munteanu (Orșova)

Emanuela-Ioana Ciotău (Radauti)

Ioana-Madalina Moroșan (Siliștea)

Alexandra Ungureanu (Bucharest)

Ionela Cozmiuc (Câmpulung Moldovenesc)

Gianina Van Groningen (Gura Humorului)

Nicoleta Bodnar (Vatra Moldoviței)

Simona Radiș (Botoșani)

Patricia Cireș (Bucharest)

Roxana-Iuliana Anghel (Câmpulung Moldovenesc)

Iona Vrînceanu (Târgu Neamț)

Adriana Adam (Văleni)

Amalia Bereș (Pașcani)

Maria Lehaci (Câmpulung)

Maria-Magdalena Rusu (Vaslui)

Victoria-Ștefania Petreanu (Constanța)

Sailing

Ebru Bolat (Constanța)

Swimming

David Popovici (Bucharest)

Vlad-Ștefan Stancu (Bucharest)

Rebecca-Aimee Papuc-Diaconescu (Las Vegas, Nevada)

Table tennis

Ovidiu Ionescu (Buzău)

Andrei Ionescu (Buzău)

Sz��cs Bernadette (Bremen, Germany)

Elizabeta Samara (Constanța)

Adina Diaconu (Slatina)

Tennis

Irina-Camelia Begu (Bucharest)

Ana Bogdan (Cluj-Napoca)

Jacqueline Cristian (Bucharest)

Monica Niculescu (Bucharest)

Triathlon

Felix Duchampt (Clermont-Ferrand, France)

Water polo

Marius-Florin Țic (Oradea)

Francesco Iudean (Bucharest)

Matei Luțescu (Bucharest)

Tudor-Andrei Fulea (Bucharest)

Andrei-Radu Neamțu (Bucharest)

Andrei Prioteasa (Slatina)

Andrei Țepeluș (Bucharest)

Nicolae Oanță (Slatina)

Silvian Colodrovschi (Aix-En-Provence, France)

Vlad-Luca Georgescu (Bucharest)

Sebastian Oltean (Bucharest)

Levente Vancsik (Bucharest)

Eduard Drăgușin (Bucharest)

Weightlifting

Mihaela Cambei (Dofteana)

Loredana Toma (Botoșani)

Wrestling

Răzvan Arnăut (Constanța)

Alin Alexuc-Ciurariu (Botoșani)

Andreea Ana (Mangalia)

Ince Kriszta (Sfântu Gheorghe)

Cătălina Axente (Galați)

[scavengedluxury]

Mocea shopping complex, Jupiter Resort Village, Mangalia, 1975. From the Budapest Municipal Photography Company archive.

[radardemediaonline]

VIDEO Emisiunea România, te iubesc! a fost, aseară, în topul preferințelor telespectatorilor

Cosmin Savu ne-a prezentat ieri, în cadrul emisiunii România, te iubesc!, ancheta Reabilitare în nisipuri mișcătoare, unde ne-a arătat situația șantierelor de pe litoralul românesc, din zona Deltei Dunării, până în sud, la Mangalia. Am văzut proiecte care ar fi trebuit să fie gândite în favoarea localnicilor și turiștilor, însă, problemele au apărut imediat ce lucrările au fost încheiate. „Nu…

[inima-npalme]

in dark times,let the sun rise✨

[beardedmrbean]

Agigea, Tuzla, Costinesti, Eforie, Mangalia and Vama Veche have been the most affected with hundreds of homes flooded and many streets submerged.

There has been significant damage to property in a string of towns along Romania's eastern coast after torrential rain caused extensive flooding.

Agigea, Tuzla, Costinesti, Eforie, Mangalia and Vama Veche have been the most affected with hundreds of homes flooded and many streets submerged.

In Venus, tourists staying at one hotel found their cars full of water on Saturday morning.

And the popular tourist resort of Vama Veche is currently without electricity and an extensive cleanup operation is underway to repair the beach.

"Biblical flood! It started at about 1:00 am, a very powerful rain. You could not see one metre ahead," said one resident.

Local authorities say that despite the extensive property damage, there have been no reports of any casualties.

Firefighters in Dobruja received over 800 calls from people asking for help and since Friday night crews have been on the ground in 15 districts hardest hit by flooding.

Meteorologists say the cause of the downpours was a cyclone storm system that was stationary over the Black Sea, sucking up vast quantities of water. They say this phenomenon is rare and generally only happens once or twice a year.

A code orange rain warning will remain in place until at least Sunday and officials warn that the south of Constanta county is expected to see the highest level of flooding.

The cyclone is expected to move south to Greece and Turkey in the coming days.

[o-craven-canto]

Movile Cave (Romanian: Peștera Movile) is a cave near Mangalia, Constanța County, Romania discovered in 1986 by Cristian Lascu a few kilometers from the Black Sea coast. It is notable for its unique groundwater ecosystem abundant in hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, but low in oxygen. Life in the cave has been separated from the outside for the past 5.5 million years and it is based completely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis.

The air in the cave is very different from the outer atmosphere. The level of oxygen is only a third to half of the concentration found in open air (7–10% O2 in the cave atmosphere, compared to 21% O2 in air), and about one hundred times more carbon dioxide (2–3.5% CO2 in the cave atmosphere, versus 0.04% CO2 in air). It also contains 1–2% methane (CH4) and both the air and waters of the cave contain high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). The water in the lake only contains dissolved oxygen for the first centimeter, at most, and in some places only the first millimeter.

The cave is known to contain 57 animal species, among them leeches, spiders, pseudoscorpions, woodlice, a centipede, a water scorpion (Nepa anophthalma), and also a snail. Of these, 37 are endemic. The food chain is based on chemosynthesis by methane- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which in turn release nutrients for fungi and other bacteria. This forms microbial mats on the cave walls and the surface of lakes and ponds which are grazed on by some of the animals... One of the most recent animals recorded is the cave's only species of snail, Heleobia dobrogica, which has inhabited the cave for slightly more than 2 million years.

Tech & Science

Movile Cave in Romania has an ecosystem unlike any other on Earth

ByKaren Graham

PublishedMay 25, 2016

Movile Cave has remained isolated for close to 5.5 million years, about the same time our ancestors were coming down from the trees in the plains of Africa and beginning the evolutionary journey to becoming humans. At that time, so long ago, a huge limestone slab fell and sealed the cave and its inhabitants from the rest of the world.

Movile Cave has a thick layer of clay above it, which is impermeable to water... The 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl released a large amount of these radioactive metals into the soil and surface water in the region. However, a 1996 study found that Movile Cave’s lake contained no radioactive elements, leading scientists to believe the lake’s water did not come from above the cave.

Food comes from a foamy film sitting on top of the lake’s water and on the walls of the cave. This film is like toilet paper, and can even be torn like a piece of toilet paper. It is filled with billions upon billions of bacteria “autotrophs.”

... the cave is remarkable for its unique ecosystem entirely dependent on methane- and sulfur-oxidising bacteria, which release nutrients through chemosynthesis for fungi and other cave animals along the food chain.

(source for the last)

I have to assume there are very deep caves in the earth's crust which are not connected to the surface at all. Carved by water, enormous, and completely sealed off. Well, except for the water in leaking through cracks in the rock, which conceivably could bring microorganisms with it. I wonder what lives in those caves.