#Macrophages eat things

[neverquiteeden]

looking over the relationship between natural killer cells and macrophages and going ah yes, like in Hannibal

[googleitlol]

This is a crack fic I wrote for a friend, be warned of the somewhat sexual content and the test to your sanity this may bring. I am so sorry. @tottybeanlove

Geno's Oreo

Geno stretches as he strolls into his kitchen, already in his muffin-themed pyjamas for the night. They are made from a sultry lilac silk that have been altered by one of Geno’s husbands, the pyjamas littered in muffins with little butter-berets and cute little faces. The muffins themselves are made of a cheap felt material, stapled to the shirt and pyjama pants.

The world’s #1 hater’s day has been a long one. Geno just finished up his 15 hour shift at Walmart; he counted a total of 8 lost children, 23 Karens, and 16 arguments between spouses in aisle 9 that resulted in divorce today. Thankfully, the day is now over and he can enjoy some rest at home. It’s a good thing he bought a special treat for himself earlier in the week.

Crouching down to a kitchen cupboard Geno knows is stocked with the the most mouth-watering of snacks, he opens it to find– the fuck? Where are they? He could have sworn he put them here, they were the first item on his grocery list yesterday! Geno even used his Super-Kawaii-Deluxe-Employee Discount of 0.05% off at Walmart. They haven’t even been opened yet, where could they have gone?

“Looking for something, Butter Muffin?”

Geno looks up to see his husband, the Six-Eared Macaque, perching atop the fridge like the gargoyle he is, a lazy grin on his face as he watches his precious Grass rise to his feet. “Why the fuck are you on the fridge??” Geno frowns, looking his smexy lover up and down with contempt.

Mahogany shrugs. “So your short-ass wouldn’t be able to reach me, Short-Ass.” Geno rolls his eyes over his lover’s antics. The two often teased one another with hateful words and unbridled rage, though they both knew their words were a simple mask over their uncontrollable lust for one another. Their other husband, Sun Wukong, would be having a good show tonight in bed. He also ordained their marriage, but that isn’t too important now. Not when Geno notices what’s in Macadamias’ hands. “Are– Are you eating my fucking oreos?!”

Macintosh glances down at the stack of oreos in his arms, and uses his tail to subtly brush away a few crumbs nestled in the corner of his mouth. They roll down his velvety fur, intricately weaving between each strand before landing on the top of the fridge. “…I didn’t see your name on them.”

“My name was on the fucking box!” Geno growls, and Macromole has to hold back from biting his soft, plump lips in reaction to the unadulterated attraction he feels in the moment. He has to remember that he won’t be able to do anything too visceral tonight, not while he carries his Snart-Fiffer’s unborn child.

Macho-Libre hums, his voice low and sensual. “I don’t see the box around here, Pookie-Stick, do you?”

“You took them out of the box!”

“You didn’t write your name on each individual one.”

“I shouldn’t have to, they’re supposed to stay in the fucking box!” Geno shouts, and Bear-Mace simply shrugs in reply before plopping a thick double-stuffed oreo in his mouth.

That’s the final straw, and before the One-Eyed Macrame can hear what’s about to happen, his lovely Oil Cheeks leaps up at him with the raw athletic power of Simone Biles jumping over Shaq. Geno manages to snatch Macrophage’s tail and yank it with him as he falls to the ground. Machinable barely has time to latch onto the fridge in order to stop himself from falling, his horde of cream-filled cookies scattering over the appliance and bouncing onto the floor where many of them break more violently than Bane breaking Batman’s back.

Geno clings to his hubby-zubby’s tail, and while his grip is strong (as Macaroni already knows), it isn’t strong enough for when the half-blind Shadow the Hedgehog begins whipping it back and forth in an attempt to shake him off, much like that one Taylor Swift song (Shake it Off is Taylor Swift, right?)

The shaking of his fat dumpy is enough to send his Kitten Whisker’s into orbit. However, seeing as they are both inside, Geno flies into the wall instead. The entire side of their kitchen snap, crackles, and crumples onto what one might consider a honey badger in human form, burying them in debris.

Mallory hops down from his safe-haven and rushes to what might have just become a crime scene. “Ranch? Are you okay, Biscuit Fart?”

A head pops out from the crumbled remains of the wall, much like the bulge in Macrofossil’s pants. “No, you threw me into a fucking wall!”

“Yeah, but like, are you hurt?” Macarena asks while turning away to start collecting whatever unbroken oreos he can find on the ground. After all, the five-second rule is still a thing fifteen seconds after food touches the floor.

Geno gives his lover a baffled look, half-wondering if he in-fact was more of a dumb-ass than he already believed him to be. “I CAN’T GET UP! THE FUCKING WALL CAVED IN ON ME!!!”

Macrobiotic’s ultra-hot-seductive voice makes a return as he hums, though it’s a borderline moan. Why would he be moaning at this? I don’t know, he’s a little fucked up. “Hmm… you should probably stay there, then. You don’t wanna move around too much and pull something, my Cutey-Hangnail-Toilet-Seat.”

“Screw you, jackass!” Geno seethes as Minnesota disappears into his own shadow before popping up beside his lover.

“I love you too, my Hubby-Wubby-Bubba-Boo.” He swoons before attempting to feed his Vanilla Wafer an oreo. However, his precious Parmesan refuses to eat it. Instead the creampie-sandwich sits on Geno’s face, over his air-tight sealed lips. Michegan really wants to devour those lips.

He refrains from doing so, instead stacking a few more oreos on his Sugar-Snot’s mouth before sharing a look of longing with him. Mariana-Trench looks at Sriracha-Sprinkler with a look of utter desire and lust while Geno himself glares with a look of unfiltered hatred. Truly, a match for the ages.

A wild Sun Wukong appears!

“Hey it’s me, Wukong!” He declares, not even taking steps into the kitchen. He just sort of slides into frame, I’m losing my sanity and this is becoming low budget.

Geno isn’t losing his sanity, he’s just tired of everyone’s shit. “SHUT THE FUCK UP, WUKONG!”

Both Wukong and Mac Miller gasp, a single diamond of a tear falling gracefully from the Great Sage’s face. “How could you?! I love you, Geno-Senpai!” He declares, dramatically placing a heartbroken hand over his chest while giving his lover the most chihuahua of puppy-dog eyes.

“If you love me, you’d get me back my goddamn oreos.” Geno scoffs, and the Monkey King looks between his lover, his other lover, and the oreos in his other lover’s gloves (Glove-rs? Donald Glover? Is this America?)

Due to the lack of budget, Wukong slides towards BigMac– the name he uses in bed– and robotically takes an oreo like the npc he is. He then places the oreo on top of the stack that is already on Geno’s face.

Trapped beneath the rubble of the wall, he can only glare at his husbands while plotting their murder (second murder, in Macaque’s case) “Jesus fucking Christ.”

In steps Jesus Christ, not sliding because the Son of the Holy Father is not constrained to simple things like budget. “You called?”

[giulliadella]

WE HAVE SOLVED THE MYSTERY OF WHY CELLS HATE NEUTROPHILS SO MUCH IN CAW

So, last night, my boyfriend and I got into some random discussion about programmed cell death and some new breakthroughs in medicine, you know, the usual things you talk about with your boyfriend at 1 AM. It is well known that leftover bodies of dead cells are phagocytosed (literally consumed) by macrophages. And that’s why I always wondered why aren’t cells scared of macrophages as much as they are of neutrophils, since neutrophils don’t consume the dead cells. With my limited understanding of immunity (which we technically don’t learn a lot about in biology) I thought that neutrophils only consumed invader bacteria and fungi.

And OH BOY was I wrong about that.

Because (and yes I have spent whole night researching this, I’ll provide the links to papers in the end lol) neutrophils are little freaks and not only do they phagocytose leftovers of cells they actually cause them to die in the first place. This happens during infections, especially with viruses that cause the excess release of cytokines (like Coronaviridae). Cytokines activate neutrophils who basically just follow the signal towards the infection site and there all hell breaks loose. Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria and virions (those are viruses that haven’t infected a cell yet) which is fine, but they also degranulate and NETose. I’ll explain this in simple terms to my best ability.

Degranulation is when granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mastocytes are all different granulocytes) release their granules which are kind of like little sacks inside their cytoplasm which contain various chemicals. Releasing these chemicals happens when the cell receives appropriate stimulus, the little granules expel their contents out of the cell’s interior. In the case of neutrophils, granules contain very toxic compounds that cause the formation of free radicals which damage DNA and proteins of the surrounding cells, as well as granules filled with digestive enzymes which, well, digest the surrounding tissues.

NETosis is a special type of cell death specific to neutrophils in which they literally degranulate pieces of their own, or their mitochondrial DNA together with more toxic compounds. This creates a net of DNA strands called chromatin which entangles invading bacteria and severely damages them and also marks them for phagocytosis by macrophages. But this process is not well controlled and some of that chromatin and toxic compounds can land onto neighboring cells which is, as you can conclude, very bad for them.

With these two abilities at hand, neutrophils are very well equipped to kill cells and destroy tissue. Which is good in cases when the cells are infected and the tissue is damaged, but their quite aggressive methods can damage healthy cells in the area as well, some of them will die and neutrophils will phagocytose their dead particles. 

Basically, to neutrophils every infection is a huge kill and eat all you can buffet. They literally phagocytose until they physically cannot anymore and then go to the spleen or bone marrow to die. They also allow macrophages to consume them and thus pass on the antigens for antigen presentation which influences further immune response. But they can also cause a lot of damage, especially if cytokine storm happens and they completely lose control. This is what causes SARS and it can kill you if it’s severe enough. 

Biologically speaking, neutrophils are very important because they are the first ones to come to the sight of infection and their crazy methods usually finish the things before they get too severe. They themselves produce cytokines that mobilize macrophages and dendritic cells so that more immune cells can join and help them. They also have a role in repairing the tissues they damaged.

However, other immune cells, including macrophages and killer T cells, simply don’t cause as much damage. Neutrophils just go all out, which is why they live for such a short period of time compared to their colleagues (they live for only few days, compared to macrophages who can live up to a month and lymphocytes who can live for months, even years).

So, yeah, my boyfriend and I have concluded (at 4AM this morning) that neutrophils are so feared because they damage tissue, go crazy and violently kill healthy cells by accident, then consume them and that’s not by accident, it’s a mechanism to repair tissues.

I can’t believe I wasted whole night just for this. My boyfriend is also disappointed. But I hope that we finally have an explanation for this mystery. Tell me what you think lol.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589350/

https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2017.105

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820392/#:~:text=Neutrophils%20contribute%20to%20tissue%20injury,detail%20here%20(Kruger%20et%20al.

[kirby-the-gorb]

reply roundup!

I've done basically nothing but lay down and be exhausted since kirb2k over 2 months ago, but I did at least get the kirbox orders fulfilled. I have an immunology appointment in another 2 1/2 months and maybe they might do something to help me feel better. (it's a bad time. I know it seems to be most of what I talk about, but it is kind of all-consuming. even this roundup wore me out.)

also there are sometimes comments that make me smile but I don't have anything to add to them so I just read them and smile and don't put them in the roundups, but I promise I do see them all, like the many yeehaws (and yes haws and heehaws) for [cowboy kirb] <3

on [the last roundup] @hive-heart said: Hope things get better, kirby guy 💕 thanks for the reply :) also yeah! Sitting by the window during a storm is quite nice

they haven't lol, but thank you!

on [kirb2k] @ceylonsilvergirl said: HAPPY Y2K EVERYBODY!! I am joke, but it did give me serious “turn of the century’’ vibes. oof… that sentence hit me like I drank out of the wrong grail

that was intentional, that's also why we started with the macarena in the 1990s :>

on [errands] @crypptiid said: ME! MY ROLLATOR IS BLUE AND EVERUTHING @sunflowerinthemidst said: oh look it's me only my walker is hot pink 1😅😂

nice! I should really repaint mine if I'm ever feeling well enough lol

on [the last roundup] @gudetamalover said: :O!!! I’ve been noticed! My surgery went very well btw, thank you! [details removed for privacy.] I love your art so much btw, it brings me and my mom so much joy! I love this little pink dude, he’s got a permanent place in my heart ❤️ 

man that sounds rough, good thing it got ironed out quickly! and I'm glad it brings you both joy <3

on [errands] @pilcherthegreat said: oooo might add this one to my Kirby brigade tattoo 👀

oh hell yeah that sounds so cool! (for anyone else wondering, tattoos on your own body count as personal use and are totally fine by me!)

on [screaming] @persimmonlions said: i always forget how much i do not like the chaotic cacophony of a crowd until i am in a mall, like ‘oh yeah i DO get overstimulated no wonder i constantly skipped classes when i was 10’. anyway i got back home at 3 and proceeded to sleep for 6 hours

ugh omg yeah especially when you actually reblogged this 2 months ago and there were still holiday crowds and all the extra decor and stuff, the mall can be So Much.

on [macarena] @unconventionalvoidaxolotls said: holy heck, go kirby go! oh yeah this is a great first post. beautiful

ehehehe it's an honor :3

on [plushies] @the-void-is-a-disappointment said: finally getting around to reblogging this but thank you bunches for the commission!he looks so comfy and cozy i love it, he deserves this

he does! he does deserve to be so cozy and cute! (and thank you again for the support!)

on [bloodstream] @lord-chiopet said: Kirby in my blood could fix me

well he certainly wouldn't make me worse lol (fun fact: you kind of already have a bunch of kirb-likes in your blood! macrophages are a type of white blood cell that engulf and isolate or destroy foreign matter like splinters, viruses, and even tattoo ink! they're basically eating anything that tries to get into your blood that's not supposed to be there -u- )

on [fire] @jupiterlandings said: kirby I am hurrying to you with blankets and a tent and a warm meal, we may be in the wilderness kirby but we can still look at the stars even when the night is cold. and even if we can’t see them they’re still there and they’ll send the sun to look after us tomorrow. it’ll be ok kirby we’ll be ok

waah this is just such a sweet thought ;n; thank you for sharing it.

on [frown] @shapeshifterwithafez said: get well soon OP :c <3 this kirby nevertheless brings joy to my dashboard thank you!

I will not but thank you! I'm glad he brings joy regardless :)

on [worm] @thecosmickitty said: Hey fam just wanna say i love your art. Thank you for sharing (:

aww thanks!

on [mcas] @untoldsoup said: Im sorry about the health issues 😞 hope you get the treatment your looking for

I appreciate it <3 it's still gonna take a while one way or the other, but hopefully eventually someone will do something.

on [float (up)] @ceylonsilvergirl [added] a ufo to abduct him, then on [rainbow] they [added] an alien kirb to greet him, and on [freckles] they [added] the view out the ufo window :) this little saga was very cute and did cheer me up a bit, thank you <3

on [float (down)] @angst-and-fajitas said: Ah he's floatin away

the kirb's not made for helium balloons! (a reference to [this vine], and good news this upload is actually from the person that made it!)

on [sacrifice] @joekingv1 said: *sits next to baby and waits to see what happens*

I really wanna draw a short comic for this but it seems like I'm not gonna feel up to it anytime soon -n-

on [stars] @gidkog said: *GASP* at world’s ass…

oh no you're right :x that was not on purpose lol

on [earring] @roboticutie said: yay!!!! he's here again today :D thank you!!!

your enthusiasm is sweet! he will be here every day! :)

on [sora] @ducksandlemonsandbigoldfish said: Kiev Kernel Kirby I hate autocorrect

this made me laugh lol

on [sora] @canvascoloredin said: congratulations! I've played all the kingdom hearts games (except Melody of Memories, Sorry Kairi), and started when I was around six but haven't had the time to buy a console I can play 3 on. Have fun for me!

I haven't played melody of memories yet either, the rhythm for all the rhythm minigames was always so janky that I'm kind of worried about how it might play tbh. but I am having lots of fun, I'm sure it's enough for both of us!

on [tattoos] @theraphos said: high five kirby i just recently resolved to finally get myself a tattoo this year also

nice! I hope it goes well :)

@turpial-thoughts asked: hi

hello!

on [worry] @graycoin said: I hope the wait is worth it.

yeah me too :s (thanks. and for all your other sympathetic comments whenever I complain about it as well <3 )

on [float (side)] @joekingv1 said: *asks baby what they think about when they go floating*

probably very little I imagine. even less than usual lol

on [bread] @joekingv1 said: *asks baby what they got while secretly hiding some extra treats for baby, Bear and Cake*

this one is just very cute, I had to read it aloud to my partner when I saw it.

on [sea] @graycoin said: This gets across the vibe very well. I get why you'd feel that way, I think. It's understandable. I'm glad people are trying. You deserve it.

thanks. I've always had a hard time conveying like, internal stuff for some reason, so it's nice when it seems to make sense to someone else.

on [sea] @ceylonsilvergirl said: Kirbo is in the storm, tossed by the waves, threatened by lightning at any moment in the dark. not even the stars to shine through the clouds. but he’s still floating, and that has to count for something

surely it must count for something TnT <3

[squidsandthings]

BIOLOGY???!!?!??!??!?

i have never not ever seen someone on tumblr with biology listed in their interests as a fellow biology enthusiast i demand to know more tell me more please

what kind of biology specifically?? or just in general?? is it like WOAH BIOLOGY or just haha yeah biology is cool ig (because if you can’t tell already i am very much the former biology is so awesome i am not okay)

it’s entomology for me, more specifically moths, like. aaaaa a a aaaaa a aaaaa i lovmnv them… moths….. i lovembe motjs…..

so yes SPILL BIOLOGY INFO PLEASE !! AND/OR ANYTJING ELSE YOU’D LIKE TO RANT ABOUT !! I DO NOT CARE I JUST LIKE RANTING WITH SILLY PEOPLE ON THIS SILLY SITE !!!

HIHI TY SO MUCH FOR THE ASK :DD

I love biology so much. Definitely a 'WOAH BIOLOGY' more than a "it's kinda cool ig" lol. The more I learn about biology and different fields in biology the more I fall in love with it. I just think learning the ways in which life, like, works (for lack of better phrasing) I dunno it's just so cool to learn about, and think about. All the little things that go into life.

I've always had a particular fascination with human biology. And specifically Anatomy and Physiology. As a like 1st or 2nd grader my mom got me a book which was basically very simplified anatomy and physiology and It became my personality till I started middle school. I think it's so neat to learn about something and that thing be something that's happening within you right now. One of my favorite things in my biology classes is doing labs/dissections because it's so cool to feel and touch and see the things which are actively keeping you alive. Also I'm a big fan of dendritic cells (my favorite cell <3).

I would say my interest in biology has definitely broadened in recent times. Recently I've been learning more about Ornithology. I'm trying starting bird watching and I generally think birds fucking cool as hell. I actually started learning more about Ornithology because I really like pigeons. And I wanted to learn more about birds in general, so I started watching yt videos about them and googling and now I can say that I think probably too much about Birds.

Interestingly marine biology used to be interest of mine, but it's never been my main love when it comes to biology. Which is funny since most of my online accounts are related to squid.

------------------------------------------------------------

ANYWAY THIS IS ALL BESIDES THE POINT.

the point being this gives me and excuse to talk about my true love in life...the immune system and specifically dendritic cells. I. am. so. normal. about these antigen presenting baddies. I fuckin love them. The immune system has always been the most interesting system to me as someone who spent most of their childhood in a battle to the death with their immune system. So anyway lemme tell you about my favorite cell in the human body: Dendritic Cells/DC's

(pls note i'm by no means and expert and while I like to talk about this stuff I might get stuff wrong. I just think its all neat, but my research is mostly googling and the occasional book I find on the topic, so take all of this with a grain of salt)

So the immune system. It's pretty cool. Helps keep you alive and stuff. Roughly speaking there's two sorta categories in your immune system. Your innate and your adaptive immune system.

Innate: I like to think of the innate immune system like a safety net. Generalized, Broad, but it does what it's trying to do well. It's your first line of defense. Your skin and mucous membranes are part of this, but so are cells like macrophages which can eat pathogens. Its focused on blocking and destroying, but sometimes this doesn't work and the pathogen works too fast or goes undected for too long. Then you need something more specialized to help out.

Adaptive: This is the special ops of ur immune system. They target pathogens directly by identifying them and using that to target them. Since it needs to take the time to identify the pathogen tho, it's slower, which is why the fast but generalized innate response is also important. This part of ur immune system is also why vaccines work. Certain cells in this part of ur immune system have the ability to basically remember these past infections. So next time you get sick the adaptive response can kick in right away.

So where do dendritic cells fit into this???

IM SO GLAD YOU ASKED. So, Dendritic cells are actually kinda both part of the innate an adaptive response. How? Well, I'll tell you.

So dendritic cells hang out across ur body and act like immune system watchtowers. So when a pathogen comes strolling in looking to cause trouble ur innate immune response is going to (usually) start giving it some pushback. With things like Macrophages (that eat pathogens). But as I mentioned before the innate response while fast, is nonspecific. The adaptive response is what can target pathogens directly. But how does the adaptive response even get started? Does the innate response have something to like go tell the adaptive response "Hey this is what we're dealing with wake up and go fight it"? YES. And that's the dendritic cell.

So Dendritic cells are innate immune response cells which engulf pathogens and present them on the outside of their cell membrane. Once they've done that they can actually inform the immune response against those pathogens.

How do they do this?

Why T and B cells ofc!

So once the dendritic cell has got all the details on the pathogen it travels to ur lymph tissue and activates the adaptive immune cells there. Informing the immune response based on the antigen it's presenting.

These funky antigen presenting cells are responsible for bridging the gap between your immune responses and also help in maintaining ur immune system's memory.

alright maybe you don't see how cool they are. I get it. lemme give you an example of why they're SO important. :D

I'm going to be discussing HIV. As many people know HIV attacks the immune system. Most notably through T-Cells, but also through Dendritic Cells.

You see when the HIV virus enters the body Dendritic cells are going to usually be one of the first immune cells it interacts with. Normally the Dendritic cell would take down virus and start an adaptive immune response, however the HIV virus has a way to take over Dendritic cells using their ability to travel to cell to quickly infect the adaptive immune cells the Dendritic cell normally actives. This allows the virus to more quickly decimate an immune system. The Dendritic Cells being compromised decimating much of the adaptive immune response.

Does that example kinda highlight my point?

I hope so.

But yeah these bad boy are fucking awesome and more people should be aware of them. I think they're rad.

Hope that wasn't too long of a rant...

ty again for the ask and giving me an excuse to talk about my favorite cell. :D

[ittybittybumblebee]

Ooh! Requests!? PLEASE MORE GOOPY!

Does Goopy eat with their mouth or do they schlooooop around stuff to eat (or steal for later) like a macrophage engulfing bacteria?

AOAUHAHAHAHHAHAHHHHHHGGH NACHT THE I LVOE GOOPY IMAGE ONGG LOSING MY SHIT THIS LITERALLY MADE MY DAY IM SO GLAD YOU LIKE MY GOOPSTER THAT MUCH

Heres some of he

They can indeed schloop up stuff to eat if he is hungry enough!! but they prefer eating with their mouth! To get the full taste/ texture experience yknow

Im literally so glad you liked him enough to go make that image cuz thats literally the best thing ever i started cackling like a maniac when i saw it cuz the energy is the perfect visual for when im thinking abt goopy :)

[thelonely]

the only thing getting me through academic hell (aka immuno) are the fun little clips my prof will put at the end of lectures of like. macrophages eating antigens while intense orchestral music plays, or eosinophils nuking parasitic worms while elevator music loops in the background. queen shit

[hippocrateswellness]

The Long Covid Dilemma

By Brian Clement Ph.D., L.N

Here on the Hippocrates Wellness campus, we, like every other group of healthcare professionals, work with people daily who tell us about symptoms that linger and linger without any viable assistance from conventional means. One institute that takes this disastrous situation seriously is a multi-disciplinarian group of doctors at UCLA. Dr. Meghan Agarwal, a cardiologist, employs the word POTS to describe the vast symptomatology that many of these sufferers express. The brain is most often affected since people describe their inability to think clearly and concisely. This, I would say, is the most common complaint. Many of you reading this, who suffered the virus, talk about OLFACTORY problems. You lost your ability to smell.

Scientists finally realized why this occurred since this patented virus attacks the nervous system’s neurons and derogate the lining of tissue that registers and perceives fragrance. Weakened immune systems are the 2nd obvious malady that may be expressed by having more health problems via colds or even formidable diseases. When checked, we are now clear that the cerebrospinal fluid includes exceptionally high amounts of proteins associated with inflammation. This means that your army of immune cells is working in the area of the nervous system rather than fighting microbes and mutagens that require immune cell adversaries. We have seen many of our alumni who have been well for years until the virus and/or its supposed antidotes presented itself. Another symptom that we observe is lingering virus; this is where people seem to have never gotten over the initial contamination. What has been discovered is this covid strain observed through neuropsychiatric symptoms appears in small packages in the brain and opens themselves as long as three months after the initial infection. This means the bug persists in the central nervous system for a long time. Another study found genetic material from the virus in patients’ brains almost 8 months after experiencing their first symptoms. A more hidden and technical observation has been a macrophage attack. This is from autopsies of people who have reportedly died from the virus. Macrophage precursor cells and red blood cells work within the cellular lining to protect healthy brain neurons and astrocytes. When the virus attacks the lining, it rips open the walls that buffer the neurons and astrocytes, which creates a kill-off of neurons inflaming the brain.

All of this is strange, unexpected, and disheartening. I think it is time that we go back and ask the institutions that patented this virus what their objective was and, more importantly, what they can do to create viable remedies for those suffering from their manufactured creation. We must understand that you cannot patent a natural virus. Dr. Martin, the CEO and Leader of ACAM, clearly announced to the world that there are organizations, governments, and institutions over the last quarter of a century that have manifested a microbe that would not exist with nature and certainly not come from doing a perverted thing like eating a bat. Long covid should give each of us time to reflect on what humanity has just been put through over the last few years, asking the questions, how, why, and more importantly, who? If you are suffering from any symptoms described, here at Hippocrates wellness west Palm beach, we have methods and practices that have proven effective in addressing this universal disorder. If you want to once and for all leave this nightmare behind, it would be wise to fully engage and embrace this lifestyle combined with nutrient and energy medicine treatments.

[beelatsstuff]

i consider my cuts as tattoos and I have used various sharp objects to cut myself, including a pen, a dart, a cutter, a scissor, a knife, a razor, and a blade. Perhaps it is the fact that it is like a tattoo, and when you get a tattoo, macrophages from your immune system will rise up to the surface and eat away any rust, ink, or other substances that have been applied to my skin. This process is like trying to kill the foreign object, and the macrophages will eventually die. and now i have fucking idk bumps?!!? On my skin, warts idrk..

(maybe i am just making up things and you should call me out for it thnx)

[moonsofmachinery]

@stupidscav HELLO HELLO FELLOW MICROBIO LOVER!!! You're close with some of the names! Macro DOES mean big, and phage IS eat (although its more similar to 'a thing that eats'! Bursa is not bursaria though! its actually what the B in B-Cell means as all of my little guys are based off of specific microorganisms MAMA -> Mamavirus (A large, like- REALLY large virus that is known to infect protists like amoeba!) Sputnik -> Virophage (Virophages that infect Mamaviruses, Sputnik is a name for a specific kind of them if i remember correctly!) Phage -> Bacteriophage (A virus that specifically hunts Bacteria, known for being the 'class pet' of microbiology) (Ur right about the root Phage being eat! Bacteriophage is just commonly shortened to Phage in the Immuno world!) Bac -> Bacteria (YEAH you got this one right!) Neutra -> Neutrophil (You were on the dot! Neutro means Neutral! Although, its an odd name to give to a cell known for exploding itself to kill bacteria...) Axon -> Dendritic Cell (The joke with Axon's name is that Dendritic Cells are named because they look like Dendrites on a nerve cell, An Axon is also a part of a nerve cell!) Macro -> Macrophage (Quite literally A big thing that devours! Macropages are the janitors of the immune system, cleaning up cells that have committed apoptosis and also consuming invaders when need be... big guys.) Bursa -> B-Cell (You were a little far off with this one, Bursa is not short for Bursaria, although I see where that came from. B-Cells were originally named after the Bursa in a bird where B-Cells are produced, although its more common for them to be called Bone-Marrow Derived Cells (B-Cells still) nowadays!) Thyme -> T-Cell (Thyme as in Thymus-Cell! The thymus is little murder college where Immature T-Lymphocytes go to mature!) NK -> Natural Killer Cell (Cancer? Never heard of her) Eo is named after Eosinophils and Baso after Basophils, we actually know surprisingly little about them other than that they're involved in keeping parasites away and causing allergies! Fun! Ahhh sorry for rambling though I am so so in love with Microbio / Immuno so having someone respond in kind made me go!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! AGH!!!!! HAVE A GREAT DAY!!

something something immunology special interest fueled local group!!! tumblr killed the quality so closeups below!!!

yahoo!! lookit them all!

[mars-ipan]

hey guys what’s ur favorite thing to research

[silcell]

hmm okay since alot of people sound interested I will share the others from my furry au since it would take forever to create art of everyone

Also as a brief note all antigens are exactly the same as canon only the cells are furries

Neutrophils = Wolves

This just makes sense considering how they track down antigens and get all feral and sometimes gang up on one particular antigen, feels very much like wolf pack behavior to me

RBCs = Horses

They go around the whole body hauling and carrying large bulky items along with other things, so it felt fitting to assign them an animal that can deal with that weightload. Plus they run from danger so basically a stampede

Normal Cells = Standard Household Cats

Not too much thought was put into this but seeing how they're at home all day usually a friend and I just decided to assign them all as cats. Usually just simple short-haired tabby cats too nothing fancy since they all look similar to each other

Cancer cell, however, has a bi colored coat (brown and white) that is extremely desaturated for the sake of looking ill and definitely not the norm. I have WIP art of him that I'll probably post later to show this.

Platelets = Red Pandas

I don't think I put much thought into this other than red pandas are silly and cute and so are platelets. What if i-

Eosinophil = Maned Wolves

So in this au I wanted to keep up the pattern of most immune cells being canines in some way so I looked up what other canines are there besides the obvious and felt like maned wolves fit her most. They look awkward and nervous but are still predators; Eosinophil was doubted by many but she still showed everyone her skills as an immune cell in the end

Macrophages = Hyenas

Okay so I really enjoy this one because it just feels so right but hyenas have a matriarchal society and are pretty badass.... just like a macrophage! And they eat alot which I remember the manga saying that macrophages eat alot too

Killer T Cells = Rottweilers

So I'm not really the biggest fan of them all but I think color wise these dogs fit them pretty well, and if trained they can be scary as shit which is essentially what that boot camp was doing to all the lymphocyte trainees

NK Cell = Black Jaguar

She's described as a loner and I'm pretty sure these big cats spend most of their days alone so you can see my connection there. And seeing how she is more agile in combat it felt right to make her a big cat instead of following my pattern of immune cells being canines

B Cell = Shiba Inu

This was thought up more by my friend than me, but their line of reasoning was just that B Cell has the same silly spunky energy as shiba inus :]

Dendritic Cell = Ferret

My reasoning is that they both look cute and charming but can totally be a little shit. Look at the cytokine chapter .

Any other cell is undecided at the moment because they are just characters me and my friend think about way less often v_v I'll update this when we come up with new assignments!

[lazyflan]

So I just saw this post by @tylermh1987 and in my sleep-deprived mind an idea was born, so I'm writing this short thing before going to sleep, of course all credits go to the original post!

How would it be if social media existed in cells at work, bc I feel it would be hilarious. I centered more in the idea of instagram but I also put some ideas of them having normal phone apps

-The macrophages have a cooking instagram, wher they post images of the bacteria de eat, they have lotss of neutrophil followers

-Killer T probably has a gym insta account, he post whenever he is training, he gets in fights with NK cell in their insta stories, everyone knows when they are fighting

-I feel like memory cell would either have a book-centered insta, where he informs about germs and their dangers, or its a full on "The end of the world is soon" type of insta

-The neutrophil squad having a shared acc where they post funny things that happen during fights or memes

-3803 constantly having her GPS on is probably my favourite idea, she lives with a map app open on her phone

-I feel like B cell has a tiktok acc that's kind of popular

-Neutrophil squad having a youtube acc where they prank each other or try to get reactions about different things (Example, trying to make 1146 flustered with 3803)

-Eosinophil being a bad bitch in social media is something I didn't know I needed until I thought about it

[antihumanism]

A macrophage really will just see something weird and immediately eat it and then go to the lymph node and vomit the digested thing back up to show off to the other cells. Evolution should not have encouraged such rude behavior.

[d20owlbear]

oh can you please share the grievances you have over twilight/ the vampires in it or what kind of research you did for your wip? how much blood would the cullens drink?

oh ur in for it now nonnie (thank you i love talking about my stupid lil research holes) 

 1) as we already kinda knew, the source material is... somewhat racist (please read the article here on how Twilight affected the Quileute tribe: https://studybreaks.com/thoughts/twilight-quileute-tribe/ and if you can donate anything to help them, this has been ongoing since 2017 to move to higher ground due to glacier's melting and moving the sea level up https://mthg.org/) 

(as a note, all my opinions here are opinions and I'm NOT pointing fingers or blame at anyone who likes the franchise and story, you're allowed to like what you want, just like, look at it critically) 

-- because of this a loooot of things are considered imperfections including but not limited to: scars and tattoos (cultural or otherwise). Both of these things are 'wiped out' or otherwise reversed by the process of being transformed.

 -- Now, i get scars to a degree, especially in the source material and the wild mistreatment all the vamp characters have gone through (at least of the Cullens/Olympic coven, + some others I'm sure, god is it fucking b l e a k) but that brings up the next point: 

 2) THE SCIENCE IS BAD, now i know what you're gonna say; you're gonna say "Jam, why do you care about the science? It's a *vampire* story! It's fantasy and supernatural, why the science?" because, my dear nonnie, i have standards. and those standards include obsessively researching every single rabbit hole that comes up. 

 Now, I *know* you shouldn't have to research everything ofc, that's fine, even in published fiction, whatever, it's *fine* but we’re talking about MY issues and i get to choose what they are. And it is a personal affront to me because TATTOOS ARE **NOT** SCARS, it's why they don't *heal* like scars do. Sure they get less vivid over time but they *bleed* and blur, they don't get smaller or disappear entirely! If your tattoo scars, it means it was done wrong!! 

(science time: tattoos keep their color because the needles pierce and mangle/kill the cells underneath while depositing ink—this is why tattoos *can* scarify if the wound is made big enough and it's why they're considered open wounds in the first place—and your macrophages (the thing that eats infection bits and things that don't belong in ur bloodstream and body, this is why you can't have the wrong kind of blood transfusion or it'll severely fuck you UP) eat the ruined skin cells in order to make room for new skin cells! EXCEPT it can't digest and get rid of ink! so, the new cells are created around these macrophages and *also* have the ink deposits. ink is however broken down by light and through sheer determination of your body over looooong periods of time, which is why you still gotta treat your tattoos nice) all of this just to say, wtf the tattoos should have BETTER staying power because the ink is no longer getting broken down by new macrophages and like, you're no longer vulnerable to UV or whatever through your skin. Common' StephMeyer you coulda had some real fucking hot tattoos in this world, some old school shit like Godric from True Blood. smdh 

 3) if you're still with me i applaud you cause here's another thing.. .why the FUCK do they kill every human and like animal they feed from??? OK, ok, like so, i get it, humans can only lose so much blood, animals too. (pls excuse my shitty math, i am NOT a math gay by all rights and i actively have friends whom i love that ruthlessly point out I forgot how to add things once. however, this is more or less right, the margin of error is gay just like me) 

 humans have: 4.5-6 L // 9-12 pints of blood lose to die: 4.5-6L // 4-6 pints?? of blood (this conversion killed me, no one tell me the right numbers if they're wrong) Generally, human stomachs have a volume about one liter, which is a little more than one quart (or 2 pints) tho it *can* expand to fit more none of the vampires are ever shown with or mentioned to have a distended stomach after feeding so we can assume that's not happening here. 

 "Hemorrhagic shock begins when you lose about 20 percent, or one-fifth, of your body’s blood or fluid supply. At this point, your heart isn’t able to pump sufficient amounts of blood through your body." (source) 

-- this being said there's more blood that a human can *technically* lose than a human sized stomach can generally fit into it. HOWEVER you will die unless seen to very quickly and before hemorrhagic shock sets in. In twilight saga canon it's pretty clear they Do Not Do This. So like, whatever, super wasteful deaths sure, fine. Keep the vampires unknown, whatever, you do you boyos. 

But also like... the Cullens straight up kill animals too, that's not *actually* what vegetarian means. BUT they don't necessarily ahve to, they apparently eat so messy that it's hard to tear any of them away from feeding and gorging themselves *every two fucking weeks*. They're wiping out the local herd of damn pigs and other big prey and/or predator animals, the fucking ecosystem is in shambles probably. that's right u heard me, 2 weeks which brings us to the next point: 

 4) they can only go 2 weeks, after *gorging* themselves full and killing an animal *EACH* until they ahve to do it all over again. holY SHIT THATS SO MUCH. that's so many dead people or animals, like that's over 100 animals and/or people a YEAR PER VAMPIRE needed to feed these people. And if they *don't* eat, their eyes turn black and they go just full fucking feral and kill someone anyway, possibly multiple someones. 

christ, just do the math, i'm not a math gay but Meyer isn't gay and has no excuse. i'm begging you, one damn thought about the implications of what you're writing, just once. (once again, you're allowed to like this, these are my personal issues with the source material and the "clearly heven't thought through the implications of what you've said" is my largest pet peeve ever ESP in stories and worldbuilding) 

 5) the powers are cool but have no consistency and is built to take advantage of. Which i will. to give my boy FANGS like he goddamn deserves in this godforsaken au/fusion. Finally, and not least, 

6) why the FUCK don't they have fangs this is a fucking vampire fic, it's a STAPLE for a monsterfucking reason damnit. 

 Anyway, dracula and gatsby are both public domain and i get to say how I'm writing them. Vladdy Drac is a bro and so is Jay Gatsby, Crowley's older than both of them in this, and they're all friends because he deserves nice things sometimes. Fuck it. 

 Look at it Meyer, you took a perfectly good gateway monster and turned it into a shiny de-powered superman human. terrible.

[nissakii]

Hataraku Saibou, journey through your body continues! [Breakfast Anime]

The inside of the body is the home of roughly 37 trillion cells who work eagerly and energetically each day to keep the body working.

Hataraku Saibou the journey through our body!

Let’s start our new series with our own body, diving into the next anime you can watch while enjoying your daily breakfast!

What exactly is a breakfast anime you may ask?

Basically something more light-hearted to watch in the morning while you eat your breakfast, while Hataraku Saibou may not be a typical breakfast anime for everyone it was still something that lifted up the mood and started the day thinking about our own body before heading into the rush of life once more.

In this post I will give you a slight insight of Hataraku Saibou 2 and why you should watch it, spoiler-free of course.

Hataraku Saibou or also known as Cells at work! is an anime that is not only for entertainment but also accurately teaches the viewer things about our own body and what is going on inside, making us more aware that all what we are doing is affecting our body in the end.

We already got to know a lot of characters in season one with its 13 Episodes back in 2018 and since the popular anime seemed like it wasn’t enough to tell all the viewers who enjoyed the show about our own cells, in the beginning of 2020 the second season started airing adding another 8 Episodes on top!

As the first season showed us all kinds of interesting scenarios such as allergies, colds, hemorrhage and even the conflict of cancer cells in our body in many interesting ways the second season doesn’t come short with even more special scenarios happening inside.

While we got to know about the overall concept and how the cells work with each other in season two for those who forgot there are still short introductions coming for each single character.

Plot

Like mentioned before as the first season already showed us many interesting fights, correlations between characters and even an almost dramatic end of the body with one of our main characters the red blood cell AE3803 dying, as well as the birth and death of cancer cells and the way they perceive themselves of being just an equal cell as any other cell in the body.

In season two we get to learn about new things, as we slowly get a recap in little bits of relevant pieces of what had happened before, characters being reintroduced or important processes with new information are explained.

Also what makes the anime plot so fascinating is that this isn’t just simply a little story about some cells but very true to the reality of what is happening in our body just a bit easier explained, as you can see even some little things out of our biology classes being shown there in much more detail than expected.

From Antigens and Antibodies, to the usual routine of white blood cells the second season keeps the amount of action, splatter and comedy as well as the interesting dynamics like those of T-killer cells, NK cell, Mast cell and all the other characters that we know just like in the first season if not even a bit better due to many new things happening.

To not tell you too much, the second season yet again turns the tables towards the end as many (and not only one) plot-twists make the ending unnerving as we do not know if the body could see it through or not.

The topic being about the body makes you wonder if the author could just turn it all around like in our daily lives, sudden deaths or accidents happen which would also affect it on the inside as seen in season one.

Unlike season one, season two had much more bigger arcs that covered more than two episodes despite it being a short anime with only 8.

Concluding, season two did not make a repeating plot which could bore you after watching 13 Episodes already but makes you wonder what the next episodes are about since each and every episode tells us another scenario happening in our bodies.

Characters

New season, new characters at least that’s what most people think and there is also a truth to it yet we see many recurring characters.

Red Blood Cells

Just like in season one we already see in the beginning of season two all of the familiar faces and especially our cute little deliveryservice the Red Blood Cells!

In the rush of getting nutrients and oxygen to every cell no matter how tight the alley might be, the job of many red blood cells is to cover every and each one of them so the cells can function properly.

Our main character from season one and also in season two is the red blood cell AE3803 who is among the red blood cell a very clumsy one and known to get lost easily and being a tad simple-minded, yet worries a lot and cares about her new underling the new red blood cell at her side who might seem like the older one sometimes. We also see her being the one who cares a lot about the white blood cell U1146 as she always checks if he is resting properly, cheers him on or even searches for him after a fight since they grew very close after season one. She also is very fond of the platelets as she is easily carried away to either spoil them, play with them or take care of them making her forget about her own work from time to time, she never ceases to find them less cute no matter how often she sees them.

White Blood Cells

Another character we know well is among the white blood cells we also get to see even more often in the second season, especially the ones affiliated with our main character U1146 who surely had more screen time than any other character this season.

Despite his aggressive nature to protect the body from germs at all costs, U1146 has a very soft spot for the red blood cell AE3803, platelets and a few other characters but the formers are maybe the one he just cannot leave out of his vision.

He is often patrolling the body, seen killing germs or helping around even if it is not his job as we already saw in season one that he tried his best to also help the red blood cells and other cells around him when there is not something he has to take care of first.

Despite that being eager and narrow-minded considering his only target to kill germs, he is often viewed as an idiot or softie by Killer T cells and also as scary by some other cells since he doesn’t hesitate just like his other companions the row down any germ that appears.

Killer T Cells

Despite that we have the white blood cells that protect the body from germs there are also Killer T cells who are even stronger than the white blood cells as they can kill germs with just one punch if needed.

Killer T are depicted as much stronger and almost military-like people in the body next to the other cells as they march around in their daily routine and are more on the harsh side as the commander of Killer T cell often looks down on U1146 telling him he is a softie for being considerate towards the other cells and helping them instead of using his time to train and only focus on germs.

As we saw in season one along with the NK cell Killer T was able to even defeat cancer cells when needed and is shown to be able to punch through tissues of the body easily. He is very strong-built but also obnoxiously loud and a hothead as he is easily offended and has a big ego. 

Despite that he is shown to have a kind and soft core as he used to be very weak prior to becoming a T cell in his apprenticeship, making the T helper cell one of his childhood friends but also a strong rival.

Platelets

For their size they are still important  when damage happens like wounds as they are the little constructor workers of the body.

Under the supervision of the white blood cells the little platelets show off their flexibility and agility as they work together to stop the blood from rushing out of the wound and form a fibrin net to stop the bleeding and glue the wound back together.

They are well-liked by everyone as they are smaller than the usual cells or red and white blood cells yet work their hardest to transport things in boxes usually bigger than their own size.

Never seen alone and always in a group the most reliable of the platelets is their leader who keeps the others in track.

Germs

As the antagonists the germs in their many forms and sizes appear throughout season one but also in season two with different designs for each bacteria. Despite them being always defeated by other immune cells they don’t back off and try to invade the body through any opening that comes their way. They even take hostages if needed or cheat. Surprisingly the design often matches the germ’s name as it’s not far away from what it’s supposed to represent.

Animation

Like in season one the animation still keeps depicting many fighting scenes and doesn’t cut off with dynamic and action scenes in a very good quality. The character’s appearance almost stayed the same if not with slight changes that are almost unnoticeable. Especially towards the last episodes the many action-filled and dramatic fights that appeared had a good animation in which the viewer firstly is sucked into the whole tragedy of it all but also is not left with empty hands when a good fight is happening.

 Voices

One thing that we can appreciate as well are the ever so familiar voices we find again in Hataraku Saibou season 2. As for example many popular japanese voice actors like Nobuhiko (voice of Bakugo, Nishinoya, Accelerator etc) as the Dendritic cell whose soft personality has a little bit of a twist in it but also Hanazawa as the red blood cell (known for her voice of Mitsuri in Demon slayer, Chiaki from Danganronpa 2 or Mayuri from Steins Gate). We also have many others under them Daisuke Ono as Killer T or Kikuo Inoue as Macrophage. Even the Memory T Cell who shares his overdramatic personality with many characters who Yuichi Nakamura voices ( Kuroo from Haikyuu, Hawks from BNHA and Gojo from Jujutsu Kaisen).

I personally love to see the voice actors of many characters I enjoyed in other series sharing the same voice in another series, it’s fun to suddenly hear them in a totally different environment as seeing Nobuhiko who is known for his eccentric characters he voices suddenly voicing the Dendritic Cell.

 Spin-off

Already watched Hataraku Saibou and just didn’t get enough? Or maybe it was a tad too happy for your tastes?

Maybe for the darker mode of Hataraku Saibou you should watch the spin-off that is still airing: Hataraku Saibou Black!

Despite it being very close in a sense of the dynamics and character construction it’s a much sadder version since it plays in a body that is living an unhealthy lifestyle consumes alcohol, smokes and even more making you overthink how your actions play out inside of your body.

I didn’t watch it yet but already the trailer sent down shivers as I watched especially the other version of the red blood cells looking much more gloomy and living through an almost dystopian like world compared to an almost healthy body of the original first work.

Many Manga readers of Hataraku Saibou black already mentioned that they overthought and became more aware of their own body and how they treat it after reading the many tragedies happening in a body that is functioning on high stress, junk food and so on.

This is not the only spin-off but the franchise today splits into many others as there is a Cell not at work version, a bacteria one and even the platelets have their own time to shine as well in their own series.

Conclusion

All in All  Hataraku Saibou is a very good anime to watch when not wanting something overly dramatic yet interesting that also boosts your awareness throughout the day. It may not be the perfect breakfast anime due to the splatter and maybe some people may find the idea of watching something correlated to the inside of one’s own body while eating breakfast a bit bewildering but it has a good potential if you are not sensitive to the factors stated.

It also puts a little smile on the faces with the little comedic dynamics and heart-touching moments, as well as learning something new about the body since even the knowledge shared in the anime is accurate to what is happening in real life just a bit more simplified.

Until then, let’s kill all the germs!

-Makii

Original Source