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koreanstudygram · 1 month ago

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”-기는커녕”, ”-는구나”, ”-니/냐?”

-기는커녕, “far from ~ing / let alone,” second, -는구나, “it is really ~,” and third, -니/냐?, “is it ~?”

1. 기는커녕

This grammar is used to express the negation that if the first situation cannot happen, then the second situation, which is more uncomplicated or more straightforward, definitely cannot happen either.

You attach this grammar to verbs, adjectives, and nouns.

Verbs • Adjectives + 기는커녕

Nouns(without a final consonant) +는커녕 Nouns(with a final consonant) +은커녕

First, -기는커녕 means “instead of, let alone, never mind.”

“Far from …, let alone …,” “Not even …, much less ….” It highlights that the first, easier thing is already impossible or untrue, so the following statement—usually stronger or more extreme—goes without saying.

How to form:

Verb stem + -기는커녕 Noun + 은(는)커녕

Nuance: Very emphatic. The clause before -기는커녕 is typically negative (explicitly or implicitly) and sets up a contrast that intensifies in the second clause.

Examples

운동하기는커녕 집 밖에도 안 나가고 있어. “I don’t even go outside, let alone exercise.”

월급을 모으기는커녕 빚만 늘었어요. “Far from saving my salary, I’ve only racked up more debt.”

그 영화는 재미는커녕 지루하기만 했어. “That movie was boring—entertaining it was not.”

More Examples

Example 1 저는 공부를 잘하기는커녕 학교도 잘 안 가는데요. I am far from being able to study well, let alone go to school.

Here, 공부를 잘하다 means “to study well.” You attach -기는커녕 to the stem to make 공부를 잘하기는커녕, “far from being able to study well.”

Example 2 어제 선을 봤는데 그 사람은 멋있기는커녕 매너도 없었어. Yesterday, I went on an arranged date, but he had no manners, let alone be good-looking.

Example 3 어제는 너무 바빠서 잠은커녕 샤워도 못 했어요. I was so busy that I could not take a shower, let alone sleep.

2. 는구나

Verbs + 는구나

Adjectives + 구나

Nouns(without a final consonant) + 구나 Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이구나

[Past tense] Verbs • Adjectives + 았/었구나 Nouns + 였/이었구나

The second grammar, -는구나 means “(sub) is really ~” or “(sub) is actually ~” in a casual way of speaking. You mainly use this expression in conversations.

This grammar conveys surprise about a newly learned fact.

What it does:

Exclamatory ending used when the speaker realises something new, is surprised, or re-confirms a fact. Comparable to “Oh, so…,” “I see that…,” “Wow, …!”

For verbs, you attach -는구나 to the verb stem. For example, 가다 will be 가는구나 “you are going!” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹는구나 “you are eating!”

For adjectives, you attach -구나 to the word stem as it is.

For nouns, you attach -(이)구나, depending on a final consonant.

The use of the past tense is the same for verbs and adjectives. It is going to be -았/었구나. For the past tense of nouns, you use -이었/였구나, depending upon a final consonant.

How to form:

Action verb stem + -는구나 (present) Past: -았/었구나 Future / guess: -겠구나 Descriptive verbs & copula (이다): stem + -구나 (no -는).

Register: Informal, plain style—used toward oneself, younger people, close friends, children. Not used toward seniors or in formal writing.

Examples

여기가 네 방이구나! “Oh, so this is your room!”

벌써 벚꽃이 피는구나. “Wow, the cherry blossoms are already blooming.”

네가 그렇게 요리를 잘 하는구나. “I didn’t realise you cooked that well!”

Example 1 희진이가 공부를 잘하는구나. 우리 아들은 공부를 잘 못 해요. Hejin can study well. My son is not good at learning.

Example 2 고양이는 참 귀엽구나. 나도 키워 보고 싶다. Cats are adorable. I want to have one as a pet, too.

Example 3 유미는 일본사람이었구나. 한국어를 너무 잘해서 한국사람인 줄 알았지. Yumi was Japanese! Her Korean was so good that I thought she was Korean.

3. 니/냐? (informal question endings)

However, there is a slight difference in nuance. Korean people tend to use ‘-니?’ when they ask with familiarity.

-냐? has a slightly blunt nuance that men usually use. In an insufficient context, it could sound like a speaker looks down on a listener. So, you need to be careful.

You can use ‘-니/냐?’ for verbs, adjectives, and nouns. In the case of verbs and adjectives, you attach -니/냐? to the word stems.

For example, 가다 “to go” will be 가니 “do you go?” 먹다 “to eat” will be 먹니? “do you eat?”

For nouns, you use -(이)니 or -(이)냐? depending on whether a noun has the final consonant or not.

Verbs • Adjectives + 니?/냐?

Nouns(without a final consonant) + 니?/냐? Nouns(with a final consonant) + 이니?/이냐?

[Past tense] Verbs + 았/었니? Verbs + 았/었냐?

The last grammar, ‘-니/냐?’ “is it ~?” conveys a query in casual conversations.

What they do:

Ask questions in plain, intimate speech.

How to form:

Verb / adjective stem + -니 or -냐 (present)/ Past: -았/었니, -았/었냐/ Future: -겠니, -겠냐

Nuance:

•-니 feels slightly softer; traditionally more common among women and in written dialogue, but widely used by all genders today. • -냐 sounds rougher or more blunt; frequently used by men, elders to juniors, or in rhetorical questions (“Who cares?”). • Neither ending is polite—use only with close friends, juniors, or in internal monologue.

Ending Sentence Translation -니 어디 가니? “Where are you going?” -니 숙제 다 했 니? “Have you finished all your homework?” -냐 왜 그렇게 늦었 냐? “Why are you so late?” (sharp tone) -냐 내가 너보다 못할 것 같으냐? “You think I’m worse than you?” (rhetorical)

Example 1 요새 한국어 공부하니? 방에 한국어 책이 있던데? Have you been studying Korean recently? You had Korean books in your room.

Example 2 이번�� 새로 데뷔한 아이돌 어때? 멋있냐? How is the new idol who made his debut this time? Is he cool?

Example 3 지금 마시고 있는 게 뭐야? 콜라니? 커피니? What is it that you are drinking now? Is it coke? Or coffee?

Example 4 밥 먹었니? Did you eat something?

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rsumaiya · 2 years ago

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Let's check out some best Korean traditional food

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Korean Fried Chicken: The Crispy Delight of Traditional Korean Food

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Tteokbokki- Red Rice Cakes

Tteokbokki is a beloved traditional Korean food that has become a popular street food dish across the country. It features chewy rice cakes, known as tteok, cooked in a spicy sauce, creating a flavorful and satisfying meal. Tteokbokki is known for its unique combination of heat, sweetness, and umami flavors.

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madeinkorea-blbambeyond · 2 years ago

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