#Kenyan organic farms
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Transforming Rocky Lands into Thriving Farms: The Success Story of Beatrice Mwangi in Gilgil
Discover how Beatrice Mwangi transformed rocky land in Langalanga, Gilgil, into a thriving organic farm, conserving indigenous seeds and promoting sustainable farming practices. Learn about Beatrice Mwangi’s journey from struggling on unproductive rocky terrain to becoming a leading advocate for indigenous seed saving and regenerative agriculture in Nakuru County. Explore the inspiring story of…
#Agroecology#Beatrice Mwangi#climate-resilient crops#community farming#eco-friendly farming#ecological farming#environmental conservation#farming in kenya#farming success stories#farming techniques#Food security#Gilgil farming#indigenous seeds#Kenyan organic farms#local seed varieties#Nakuru County#Nakuru organic farms.#natural farming methods#organic farming#organic produce#organic vegetables#Permaculture#regenerative farming#seed conservation#seed diversity#Small-Scale Farming#soil conservation#sustainable agriculture#sustainable food production.#sustainable practices
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Sabina Chebichi belonged to the Elgeyo people of Kenya’s western highlands. Born in Trans Nzoia and the second oldest of nine children, she lived in a mud hut and helped to tend the cattle on the family farm while doing other household chores. Chebichi would rise from her humble beginnings to earn acclaim in the world of sports.
In the early 1970s, she stood out from among her fellow school runners. The 14-year-old from Milimani Primary School near Kitali shocked athletic pundits during a meet organized by the Kenya Amateur Athletics Association in Kericho in May 1973. In that major Brooke Bond-sponsored meet in Kericho, Chebichi won her race barefoot and in a bright green petticoat as she did not have the minimum athletics equipment — running clothes and shoes — which many of her schoolmates were competing in.
But not having a proper athletics kit made no difference to her results. In fact, she ran the women’s 800 meters in 2 minutes 16.8 seconds, and the 1500 meters in 4 minutes 40 seconds. These were times that were already within measurable distance of the world records at the time, reports said.
After Chebichi’s green petticoat had earned her the name ‘petticoat princess’, Feisal Sherman, who was Secretary of Kenya’s Amateur Athletic Association (currently Athletics Kenya), sent her running kit and proper shoes. During this period, Kenyan newspapers and sportswriters couldn’t get over Chebichi, who had become Kenya’s newest and youngest running star.
And as the 1973 season progressed, Chebichi continued to win hearts and capture media attention while breaking records. That year, she recorded some of the fastest times in Africa for 800 meters and 1,500 meters. In Sardinia, on an Italian tour, she set a new record for the island of 2 minutes 12 seconds for the 800 meters event, Reuters reported.
And what was perhaps her defining moment was when she won the bronze medal in the 800 meters at the 1974 Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand. This made her the first female from Kenya to win a medal at the Commonwealth Games.
Courtesy of Tee Saigon (Facebook)
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Kenya Wind Power Market Insights and Growth Projections 2024 - 2032
The Kenya wind power market is rapidly evolving, positioning the country as a leader in renewable energy in Africa. With its favorable wind conditions and strategic investments, Kenya is harnessing wind power to diversify its energy sources, enhance energy security, and combat climate change. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, market trends, challenges, and future prospects of the wind power market in Kenya.
Overview of the Kenya Wind Power Market
Definition and Importance
Wind power involves generating electricity through turbines that convert wind energy into electrical energy. In Kenya, wind power plays a vital role in the national energy strategy, contributing to the reduction of reliance on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable development.
Kenya’s Renewable Energy Goals
Kenya aims to achieve a target of 100% renewable energy generation by 2030. Wind power is a critical component of this strategy, with plans to expand the installed capacity significantly over the next decade.
Market Segmentation
By Technology Type
The Kenya wind power market can be categorized based on technology:
Onshore Wind Turbines: Most commonly used in Kenya, these turbines are installed on land and are suitable for the country’s diverse geographical terrain.
Offshore Wind Turbines: Although less developed in Kenya, offshore wind presents a potential avenue for future growth, particularly along the coastline.
By Project Stage
Projects in the Kenya wind power market can be segmented by their development stage:
Planning: Projects in the early stages of feasibility studies and regulatory approvals.
Construction: Projects currently under development or installation.
Operational: Established wind farms generating electricity.
By Capacity
Wind power projects in Kenya are classified by their capacity:
Small-scale (up to 50 MW)
Medium-scale (50 MW to 300 MW)
Large-scale (above 300 MW)
Key Market Trends
Increased Investment
The Kenya wind power market has seen a surge in investments from both local and international entities. Government incentives, favorable policies, and financial backing from multilateral organizations have created a conducive environment for growth.
Technological Advancements
Innovations in turbine technology, including larger and more efficient models, are enhancing the viability and profitability of wind power projects in Kenya. These advancements contribute to increased energy production and reduced costs.
Community Engagement and Sustainability
The importance of community engagement in renewable energy projects is growing. Wind power developers in Kenya are increasingly focusing on sustainable practices, ensuring that local communities benefit from the economic opportunities created by wind farms.
Major Players in the Kenya Wind Power Market
Leading Companies
Several key players are making significant contributions to the Kenya wind power landscape:
Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC): The primary utility company in Kenya, responsible for electricity distribution and a significant player in wind power integration.
Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP): The largest wind farm in Africa, located in the Turkana region, with a capacity of 310 MW, representing a major milestone for the country's renewable energy ambitions.
African Development Bank (AfDB): Actively involved in financing and supporting wind power projects in Kenya, promoting sustainable development.
International Collaborations
Partnerships between Kenyan companies and international firms are critical for technology transfer, expertise sharing, and financing, helping to accelerate the growth of the wind power sector.
Challenges Facing the Kenya Wind Power Market
Regulatory and Policy Barriers
Navigating the regulatory landscape can be complex, with challenges related to land acquisition, environmental assessments, and obtaining necessary permits, which can delay project timelines.
Infrastructure Constraints
Kenya's energy infrastructure, including transmission and distribution networks, requires significant upgrades to accommodate new wind power projects and ensure efficient energy delivery.
Competition from Other Renewables
As Kenya expands its renewable energy portfolio, wind power faces competition from other sources such as solar and geothermal energy, necessitating continuous innovation and market adaptation.
Future Outlook
Growth Projections
The Kenya wind power market is expected to grow significantly, with forecasts indicating the potential for an increase in installed capacity to several hundred megawatts over the next decade. The government's commitment to renewable energy will drive this growth.
Technological Innovations
Ongoing advancements in wind turbine technology and energy storage solutions are anticipated, improving the efficiency and reliability of wind power generation in Kenya.
Regional Leadership
Kenya is poised to become a regional leader in wind power, setting a benchmark for other African nations to follow. Its successful wind projects can serve as models for sustainable energy development across the continent.
Conclusion
The Kenya wind power market is on the cusp of significant growth, backed by favorable wind resources, governmental support, and technological innovation. As the country aims to diversify its energy sources and meet ambitious renewable energy targets, wind power will play a crucial role in shaping a sustainable energy future. By overcoming regulatory challenges and enhancing infrastructure, Kenya can solidify its position as a leader in renewable energy in Africa and beyond.
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Sisal Fibre Suppliers in Kenya: Pioneers of Sustainable Agriculture
Kenya has long been recognized as a global leader in sisal production, contributing significantly to the country’s economy and agricultural sector. As demand for sustainable materials grows worldwide, Kenyan sisal fibre suppliers are playing a crucial role in meeting this need. Sisal, a natural fibre derived from the Agave sisalana plant, is prized for its durability, versatility, and eco-friendly properties. Kenyan suppliers are at the forefront of this industry, providing high-quality sisal fibre to markets around the globe.
1. The Legacy of Sisal in Kenya
Sisal has been cultivated in Kenya for over a century, with the country’s first sisal estates established in the early 1900s. Today, Kenya is one of the world’s top producers of sisal, exporting the fibre to countries across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. The success of Kenya’s sisal industry is rooted in the country’s ideal growing conditions—warm temperatures, well-drained soils, and low rainfall—making it perfect for cultivating sisal plants.
The sisal industry is a vital part of Kenya’s agricultural landscape, providing employment for thousands of workers, particularly in rural areas. The industry supports local economies and contributes to national export revenues, positioning Kenya as a key player in the global sisal market.
2. Sustainable Production Practices
Kenyan sisal fibre suppliers are committed to sustainable agriculture, employing practices that minimize environmental impact while maximizing yield and quality. Sisal is a drought-resistant crop that requires minimal water and no chemical fertilizers or pesticides, making it an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibres. The plants are harvested manually, which reduces the carbon footprint of production and supports traditional farming methods.
Moreover, the entire sisal plant is utilized, ensuring that nothing goes to waste. After the fibres are extracted, the remaining plant material is used for various purposes, including the production of biofuels, animal feed, and organic fertilizers. This zero-waste approach not only benefits the environment but also adds value to the sisal supply chain, making it a truly sustainable industry.
3. High-Quality Fibre for Diverse Applications
Kenyan sisal fibre suppliers are known for producing some of the highest-quality fibre in the world. The fibres are strong, durable, and resistant to wear and tear, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. Sisal is commonly used in the production of ropes, twines, and mats, but its versatility extends far beyond these traditional uses. In recent years, sisal has found its way into the fashion industry, where it is used to create eco-friendly textiles, handbags, and shoes. It is also used in the automotive and construction industries as a reinforcement material in composite products.
Kenyan suppliers work closely with international buyers to ensure that their products meet the specific requirements of different industries. By offering customized solutions and maintaining high standards of quality, these suppliers have earned a reputation for reliability and excellence on the global stage.
4. Economic and Social Impact
The sisal industry in Kenya not only supports the economy but also has a significant social impact. Many sisal farms and processing facilities are located in rural areas, providing employment opportunities and improving the livelihoods of local communities. The industry empowers farmers by providing them with a steady income and opportunities for growth.
In addition, Kenyan sisal fibre suppliers are increasingly adopting fair trade practices, ensuring that workers receive fair wages and work in safe conditions. This commitment to social responsibility is helping to create a more equitable and sustainable industry, where the benefits are shared by all stakeholders.
Conclusion
Sisal fibre Supplier in Kenya are leading the way in sustainable agriculture, providing high-quality, eco-friendly fibre to markets around the world. With a strong legacy, commitment to sustainability, and a focus on quality, these suppliers are helping to shape the future of the global textile and industrial markets. As the demand for natural and sustainable materials continues to rise, Kenya’s sisal industry is well-positioned to thrive, offering solutions that benefit both people and the planet.
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Exploring the Best Restaurants
Nestled amidst the scenic landscapes of Kenya's Great Rift Valley, Lake Naivasha not only offers breathtaking natural beauty and diverse wildlife but also a delightful culinary experience. Whether you're craving traditional African flavors, international cuisine, or fresh seafood, the restaurants near Lake Naivasha cater to every palate. Here's a guide to some of the best dining establishments near Lake Naivasha:
1. The Ranch House Bistro & Bar: Located within the Great Rift Valley Lodge and Golf Resort, The Ranch House Bistro offers a cozy ambiance with panoramic views of Lake Naivasha and the surrounding valley. Indulge in a variety of dishes ranging from gourmet burgers and pizzas to Kenyan specialties, all prepared with fresh, locally-sourced ingredients.
2. Carnelley's Restaurant & Bar: Situated on the shores of Lake Naivasha, Carnelley's is a popular spot known for its relaxed atmosphere and stunning lake views. Enjoy a diverse menu featuring grilled meats, seafood platters, and vegetarian options. Don't miss their famous fish and chips, paired perfectly with a cold drink from the bar.
3. Olerai House: Set in a picturesque garden setting near Lake Naivasha, Olerai House offers a tranquil dining experience with a focus on farm-to-table cuisine. Savor delicious homemade meals prepared using organic produce grown on-site, complemented by warm hospitality and personalized service.
4. Fisherman’s Camp: This laid-back establishment is renowned for its fresh seafood dishes, including grilled tilapia and prawns sourced directly from Lake Naivasha. Situated within a campsite overlooking the lake, Fisherman’s Camp offers a rustic dining experience amidst nature, ideal for enjoying sunset views over a delicious meal.
5. Ranchers Haven Restaurant: Located near Hell's Gate National Park, Ranchers Haven Restaurant combines a rustic ambiance with hearty meals inspired by Kenyan and international cuisines. Feast on grilled steaks, traditional stews, and vegetarian options, accompanied by scenic views of the Rift Valley escarpment.
6. The Sawela Lodge Restaurant: Nestled within the Sawela Lodge, this restaurant offers a sophisticated dining experience with a diverse menu featuring continental dishes and Kenyan specialties. Enjoy themed buffet dinners, à la carte options, and an extensive wine list while overlooking manicured gardens and the shimmering lake beyond.
7. Lake Naivasha Country Club: Known for its historic charm and elegant setting, the Lake Naivasha Country Club boasts a restaurant that serves a blend of international and local dishes. Dine al fresco on the terrace or indoors in a cozy atmosphere, enjoying impeccable service and breathtaking views of the lake and surrounding wildlife.
8. Bistro Three: Located within Enashipai Resort & Spa, Bistro Three offers a contemporary dining experience with a menu that highlights fresh, seasonal ingredients and innovative culinary creations. From gourmet pizzas and pasta dishes to signature cocktails, Bistro Three promises a memorable dining experience in a stylish setting.
9. Sanctuary Farm Kitchen: Situated on a working farm near Lake Naivasha, Sanctuary Farm Kitchen offers a farm-to-table dining experience showcasing organic produce and homemade delicacies. Enjoy wholesome meals prepared with ingredients sourced directly from the farm, surrounded by serene countryside views.
10. The Pot Restaurant: Tucked away in Naivasha town, The Pot Restaurant is a hidden gem known for its flavorful Kenyan cuisine and welcoming atmosphere. Feast on traditional dishes such as nyama choma (grilled meat), ugali (maize porridge), and sukuma wiki (greens), served with a side of authentic hospitality.
In conclusion, dining near Lake Naivasha promises a culinary adventure that complements the region's natural beauty and cultural richness. Whether you're enjoying lakeside views, exploring farm-to-table offerings, or savoring fresh seafood, these restaurants offer a taste of Kenya's diverse flavors and hospitality. Plan your visit to Lake Naivasha and indulge in unforgettable dining experiences that celebrate local cuisine and the charm of the Rift Valley.
#travel blog#across the spiderverse#asexual#artists on tumblr#barbie#easter#donald trump#africa#travel destinations#safari
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Exploring Attractions And Visiting The Places Of Interest In Nairobi
If you’re looking for an authentic safari experience, Kenya is the place for you. Nairobi is a captivating city in Kenya that has amazing wildlife, incredible national parks, and a fascinating local culture. It seems to be a great destination for your first or fifth trip to the African Continent! Nairobi in Kenya is such a magical city, where discovery and adventure go hand in hand. You can learn about the best places to visit, eat, and explore in Nairobi from expert and experienced safari and tour operators. They will tell you about the most amazing and unique things to do in the city!
It’s a country full of diverse landscapes, unique cultures, unspoiled beaches, world-class hotels, and unforgettable wildlife experiences! Amongst other things to do in Nairobi, the Nairobi safari tour package allows you to explore some of the best that Nairobi offers. It will surely make your trip fulfilling. On a trip to Nairobi, you can explore a plenty of attractions and places of interest such as.
Nairobi National Park
The Nairobi National Park is right next to Nairobi city, and everyone should visit it when they are in the city. You can see big cats, giraffes, rhinos, and wildebeest there without worrying about the time of year or travel difficulty. A Nairobi Safari Walk is a great thing to do in the Nairobi National Park. It is a great option for first-time visitors to the country. Tour operators can arrange a Nairobi National Park walking tour and are happy to bring you to the Parks!
Giraffe Center
Make sure to head to the Giraffe Centre while planning the Nairobi safari tour package. It is short drive away to the Nairobi National Park. It protects the beautiful animals that are in danger and teach the public about them. Here you can touch and feed the giraffes. You can also sponsor baby elephants and rhinos that are being taken care of in the nursery!
David & Daphne Sheldrick Wildlife Trust
The David & Daphne Sheldrick Wildlife Trust is an organization that assists orphaned animals. It is a unique opportunity for visitors to Nairobi to have an amazing tourism experience.
The Maasai Market
Make sure to spend some time at the Maasai Market while in Nairobi. It is located near the City Square, which is a few minutes away from Kenyatta International Convention Center. You will see how locals sell gorgeous handmade purses and Maasai jewelry.
Kenya National Archives
Kenya National Archives is nearer to the market. It is a museum full of African and Kenyan sculptures, jewelry, and history. Perceive the carefully curated collections if you only have a few minutes to spare. If you love art, you will enjoy exploring some of the unique art styles and discovering some new favorites!
Kenyatta Towers
The Kenyatta International Convention Center is about 10 minutes away from the Kenyan National Archives. You can see the whole city of Nairobi and the nearby areas from there! This is one of the best chances to get a great view from above of the city.
Great Rift Valley Viewpoint
The Great Rift Valley viewpoint is an hour away from Nairobi by road. The valley is a wonderful place that you should see in your lifetime. You can enjoy watching birds and animals and seeing the beautiful scenery there.
Karura Forest
You can find another amazing natural treasure in Nairobi, even though it is still technically part of the city. Visitors heading to the Karura Forest can enjoy a bike ride, hiking, and see waterfalls and caves along the way!
Ngong Hills Day Trip
Visiting the scenic Ngong Hills is another amazing thing to do in Nairobi and a great day trip for tourists.
Kiambethu Tea Farm
Nairobi and the nearby areas of Kenya are fascinating places to discover. The culture and history is worth of discovery. Going to one of the wonderful tea farms in the Limuru area let you learn about the local culture as well. It is not far from the city capital by road.
The Nairobi Safari Tour Package by Kenya Tru Nomads promises an unforgettable blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and heartwarming encounters.
#nairobi excursions#kenya flight safaris#kenya safari tours#kenya safari trip#nairobi safari tour package
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Lord McMillan's grave is dug, and thieves steal his corroded casket.
In Ol Donyo Sabuk, Machakos County, unknown individuals ransacked the rusty casket of philanthropist Sir William Northrup McMillan's grave and are currently the subject of an investigation by the police. Authorities said the burial chamber at the pinnacle of the Good old Donyo Sabuk was disrupted on June 12 for an obscure thought process. The interference with the 98-year-old grave was confirmed when police arrived on the scene on Monday. The ransacked coffin was made of aluminum. The individuals who saw it said it was half eroded. McMillan was a Kenyan settler, explorer, and philanthropist who was born in the United States.
At the age of 52, he passed away in Nice, France, in 1925. His body was brought back to Kenya, and he was buried on the slopes of Ol Donyo Sabuk at a location he chose before he died. After her husband's death, Lucie remained in Kenya and passed away in September 1957 in Nairobi. They were not parents. The McMillans were known for their generosity and supported the structure of the YMCA, Scott's Sanatorium and McMillan Remembrance Library close to the Jamia Mosque. McMillan was born to William McMillan in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. His dad, an English subject brought into the world in Canada, moved to St. Louis in 1870, was naturalized as an American resident in 1874 and laid out the Missouri Vehicle and Foundry Organization. James McMillan, who established the Michigan Car Company, was McMillan's uncle, and William and Grace McMillan, who immigrated to Canada from Scotland, were McMillan's paternal grandparents. Subsequent to leaving school, he originally took a stab at farming in New Mexico prior to looking for additional undertakings abroad. When McMillan was 29, his father passed away, leaving him a substantial estate. He effectively put the cash in oil fields in Romania and elastic estates in Malaya, which made him considerably more well off. In 1902, he went on his first trip to Africa. He went to Ethiopia to see if the Blue Nile could be navigated, and for his efforts, Emperor Menelik gave him two medals. On September 14, 1904, he made his first appearance in Kenya at Kilindini Harbour in Mombasa. He established Juja Farm at Ol Donyo Sabuk in 1905 by purchasing 15,000 acres of land from the British Crown on a 99-year lease. On the property, he built a five-bedroom house. The primary house was trailed by a three-room supervisor's cabin, a two-room home called "Lucie's bolthole", and three different cottages lodging the post and broadcast office, and spaces for escorts and grounds-keepers. Electricity, running water, and a sewage system were all installed in the homes. On his farm, he began cultivating sisal, flax, and maize. He bought Ewart Grogan's famous house in Chiromo, Nairobi, in addition to his vast Juja farm property. Additionally, he owned property in London's Berkeley Square. McMillan made the invitation on September 28, 1908, for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to be his guest when he traveled to East Africa at the end of his term. On May 13, 1909, Roosevelt and his son Kermit arrived at Juja Farm after accepting the invitation. In 1909, Roosevelt would rest and write a book titled Africa Game Trails several times at Juja Farm. Roosevelt would also stay as a guest in McMillan's townhouse, which was behind the Norfolk Hotel, for a good portion of his time in Nairobi. McMillan renounced his American citizenship during the First World War, enlisted in the British Army, and rose to the rank of Captain. After that, he built a regiment on his own and used his properties, Juja Farm and Chiromo Farm, as homes for wounded soldiers. On February 6, 1918, he was knighted and given the KCMG for his work during the war. As a member of the Legislative Council for the Ukamba constituency, he made his political debut. Later in 1923, along with Master Delamere, he laid out the European and African Exchanges Association, to prepare African craftsmans to take Indians' places and put further Indian movement into East Africa down. Read the full article
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NEW YORK, April 19, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, YPO, the global leadership community of more than 34,000 chief executives in 150 countries, announced that Greg Murray, Co-Founder and CEO of KOKO Networks, is the recipient of the organization's 2023 Global Impact Award. KOKO Networks is a Kenyan-based climate-tech company tackling deforestation and carbon emissions caused by using charcoal as cooking fuel in urban homes. The YPO Global Impact Award is YPO's highest honor to members that recognizes their impact outside of YPO, celebrating CEO impact that is both sustainable and scalable. "Greg and KOKO Networks are paving the way with their innovative approach to combating deforestation and improving the health of Kenyans, finding technology-based solutions that benefit not only the environment but also millions of consumers," says Thayer Smith, CEO of YPO. "He is an inspiration within our YPO community and beyond." According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), charcoal, the dominant fuel used for cooking in urban Africa, is the main driver of deforestation on the continent. Indoor air pollution from burning charcoal causes hundreds of thousands of deaths each year, primarily children under 5 years old, from pneumonia and acute respiratory infections. This pollution is the equivalent of breathing in four packs of cigarettes a day. Murray and his co-founders, Sagun Saxena, Micael da Costa and Nicholas Stokes, set out to tackle this problem through designing and launching a new technology-driven industry that could rapidly transition countries away from charcoal dependence. By providing consumers with a superior solution that is significantly less costly than charcoal, KOKO is scaling rapidly, with over 10,000 new households switching to its clean fuel and carbon platform each week. KOKO, which employs 1,800 staff across East Africa, India and the U.K., manages a network of over 2,000 high-tech KOKO Fuel ATMs located in corner shops in low-income neighborhoods, enabling customers to conveniently and safely access low-cost clean fuel within a short walk of home. KOKO Fuel is now used in the homes of more than 3.5 million Kenyans across six cities, reducing over 4 million tons of carbon emissions each year and protecting family health from the diseases caused by indoor air pollution. Carbon revenues are shared with households via lowering the cost of KOKO Fuel, making it affordable for even the poorest. KOKO Fuel is sustainable bioethanol produced in East Africa from molasses, a byproduct of sugar production, delivering increased incomes to farming communities. Murray says, "We are honored to receive YPO's 2023 Global Impact Award. Ten years ago, we developed an ambitious plan to harness technology, infrastructure and carbon markets to drive energy transition and forest protection at a scale and pace that is meaningful. We are just getting started – there are over a billion people across 60 low-income tropical forest nations who are charcoal dependent and need our networks. We have about 15 years to turn the tide on tropical deforestation, and it simply can't be done without tackling the main commodity demand drivers and giving the forests the space to regenerate. KOKO is a scalable new tool in that fight." Murray was selected from honorees representing YPO's regions around the world. YPO Global Impact Award Regional Honorees: Shadi Bakour, Co-Founder and CEO of Path (Pacific U.S.)Eric Braverman, Founding CEO of Schmidt Futures (Northeastern U.S.)Kenneth C.M. Lo, Founder of O-Bank (North Asia)Luis Javier Castro, Founder of Alejandría (Latin America)Daniel Epstein, CEO of Unreasonable Group (Western U.S.)Renat Heuberger, Founding Partner and CEO of South Pole (Europe)Jonathan Huy Tran, Chairman of Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank (ACB) (Southeast Asia)Greg Murray, Co-Founder and CEO of KOKO Networks (Africa)Nicholas Reichenbach, Founder and Executive Chairman of Flow Alkaline Spring Water (Canada)David Reiling, Chairman and CEO of Sunrise Banks (Mid-America U.
S.)Prashant Sutar, Founder, Chairman and Managing Director of Aryan Pumps and Enviro Solutions (South Asia)About YPO: YPO is the global leadership community of more than 34,000 chief executives in 150 countries who are connected by the shared belief that the world needs better leaders and that business can be a driving force for good. Each of our members has achieved significant leadership success at a young age. They lead businesses and organizations that collectively employ more than 22 million people around the globe and generate over USD9 trillion in combined revenue. YPO members come together to learn and exchange ideas to make a difference in the lives, businesses and communities they impact. Visit ypo.org for more. Logo - https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1065220/3992696/YPO_Logo.jpg View original content:https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/ypo-names-greg-murray-the-2023-global-impact-award-recipient-301801241.html Source link
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How to Make Apple Farming in Kenya Profitable
Apple farming in Kenya is a profitable agribusiness venture,this is because of the high increase in demand of the fruit. The high demand in the country is brought about by enormous health benefits associated by the precious fruit. Most apple fruits found in the market currently are imported from South Africa, although recently, there has been an increase in apple production from local farmers.
Apple fruits health benefits
Apple is a very nutritious fruit that is high in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, magnesium and potassium.
Which are Apple growing areas in Kenya
There are several areas in Kenya where apple farming is being practised. The highlands of Mount Kenya are well-suited for apple farming, as the climate is cool and the soil is fertile. There are other regions where apples are being produced in high numbers like; Uasin Gishu, Transzoia,Nandi,Kericho etc Apple farmers in Kenya can make a good profit by using the proper cultivation methods and selling their produce at the right price. By carefully planning their farms and marketing their apples rightly, Kenyan apple farmers can make a good living from this valuable crop.
Apple propagation
You can propagate apples by planting seeds from an apple. The seeds will take about two weeks to germinate, and once they have, you will need to graft them before transplanting them in the farm. Grafting sometimes it's tedious and time consuming so my advise is to search and buy apple seedlings from established suppliers. Which are best apple varieties to plant? The most common and high yielding varieties to plant in Kenya are, Wambugu apple, top red, brae burn, and winter banana
Best Ecological Conditions for Apple Farming in Kenya
Before embarking on apple farming in Kenya, it is important to understand the ecological requirements for this special crop. Apples require well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The land should also be free of rocks and other debris, as these can damage the roots of the trees. The climate for apple farming should be cool and moist, with an annual rainfall of at least 1,000 mm. The temperature should not drop below -5 degrees Celsius or rise above 30 degrees Celsius.
Land preparation
Before you can start planting apple trees, you will need to prepare the land. This includes clearing the land of any debris, leveling the ground, and adding compost manure or fertilizer. If the land is not properly prepared, your apple trees will not thrive.
Planting
Planting apple trees is not very complicated. You will need to choose a sunny spot in your farm, and dig a hole that is twice as deep as the size of the pot your tree came in. Be sure to add plenty of manure or compost to the soil before planting. Your apple tree will need at least six hours of direct sunlight each day, so make sure to choose a location where it will have plenty of sun exposure. Once your tree is planted, be sure to water it regularly and provide nutrients. With a little bit of care, your apple tree will soon be bearing fruits.
Mulching
In order to make apple farming in Kenya profitable, mulching your plants is inevitable. Mulching is the process of covering the ground with a layer of organic material, such as leaves, straw, or compost. This protects the soil from erosion and helps to keep it moist. Mulching also helps to regulate the temperature of the soil, which is important for apple trees. It can help to keep the soil cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Mulching also helps to improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter.
Apple Irrigation
You can significantly increase your apple production by irrigating your plantation. Apple trees need a lot of water, especially during the hot summer months. If you can replenish them with enough water, they will produce a bumper crop of delicious apples. There are a number of different irrigation systems that you can use, though the best recommended method is drip irrigation. This is because drip irrigation helps to minimize water logging due moderate water supply to the plants.
Pruning
One of the most important things you can do to make apple farming in Kenya profitable is to properly prune your trees. Pruning helps the tree grow in a healthy and productive way, and it also helps to improve the quality of the fruit. Make sure to prune your trees regularly and be sure to remove any dead or damaged branches. You may also want to thin out branches so as to allow for free air circulation.
Apples nutritional requirements
Before planting crops it's always produce to perform soil testing to discern the nutrients that are available in the soil. After transplanting during the end of the first month, apples require plenty of nitrogen nutrients to promote faster growth of leaves and branches.
Pests and disease control
There are a number of pests and diseases that can affect apple farming in Kenya. These can be controlled through a combination of cultural practices, chemical treatments, and biological control measures. To keep your plantations healthy and profitable, it is important to implement a comprehensive pest and disease control program. This will help to minimize the damage caused by pests and diseases and ensure a healthy crop of apples.
Conclusion
There are a few key things to keep in mind if you want to make apple farming in Kenya profitable. First, you ought to select the right place. Second, you need to invest in quality seedlings and care for them appropriately. Third, you need to market your apples well. By following these tips, you can increase your chances of success and make a profit from apple farming in Kenya. Read the full article
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I want to extend my sincerest congratulations to all the incredible nominees and the winner of the 2022 Pritzker Environmental Genius Award - Dysmus Kisilu, founder of @solar.freeze, who is bringing solar-powered cold storage to small Kenyan farms — reducing food waste without increasing carbon emissions. Awarded by @UCLAIoES, the prize recognizes promising young innovators - scientists, entrepreneurs, engineers, activists and artists under the age of 40 - who stand poised to make a game-changing difference. It carries a $100,000 prize to continue their work. Congratulations as well to the two finalists, Tiana Williams-Clausen, director of the Wildlife Department of @theyuroktribe, who played a critical role in efforts to return prey-go-neesh, the California condor, to ancestral Yurok territory after a 130-year absence and Resson Kantai Duff (@ressonduff), who has worked to expand the profile of a conservationist to include faces that are not commonly at the forefront, and shifting power to locally-led organizations. I am so honored to have nominated her and hope that you will take time to learn about all the inspiring 2022 nominees at ioes.ucla.edu Don't miss @ressonduff's @ted talk, "Why Africa needs community-led conservation." #PritzkerGenius2022 #sustainability #scienceandenvironment #climatechange #community #leadership #conservation #environment #environmental #nature #climatecrisis #climate #climatejustice #environmentaljustice https://www.instagram.com/p/Ck1_BWjMJSa/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
#pritzkergenius2022#sustainability#scienceandenvironment#climatechange#community#leadership#conservation#environment#environmental#nature#climatecrisis#climate#climatejustice#environmentaljustice
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The Current State of Lemongrass Farming in Kenya
“Discover the potential of lemongrass farming in Kenya, a lucrative venture offering high returns through essential oil production, herbal tea, and more. Learn about market trends, challenges, and growth opportunities.” “Explore the growing industry of lemongrass farming in Kenya. From essential oils to herbal teas, find out how this aromatic herb is transforming local agriculture and boosting…
#Agricultural Cooperatives#agricultural investment#agricultural sector growth#aromatic herbs#citronella content#crop profitability.#Cymbopogon citratus#Drought-resistant crops#essential oils#export markets#farming challenges.#herbal tea#income diversification#Kenyan agriculture#Kenyan export crops#Kenyan herbal products#lemongrass cultivation#Lemongrass farming in Kenya#lemongrass oil price#lemongrass varieties#market demand#Medicinal Plants#oil extraction methods#organic farming#planting materials#processing facilities#smallholder farmers#soil requirements#sustainable farming#value addition
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https://quicksell.co/s/green-world-swapolian/health-products-for-you-and-your-loved-ones-/m7f
#organic#farming#plants#kenyan#agriculture#natural#microbial fertilizer#fertilizer numbers for vegetables#how often to apply starter fertilizer#fertilizer equipment#chemical fertilizers#organic fertilizer
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Trudeau promises massive covid stimulus
Canadian Prime Ministers have a fun gambit: when things start to go really badly for them, they "prorogue" (suspend) Parliament, which dissolves all committees, inquiries, etc, until such time as they are ready to reconvene, with a tabula rasa.
Most egregiously, the far-right asshole and climate criminal Stephen Harper prorogued Parliament in the middle of the 2008 Great Financial Crisis in order to avoid a no-confidence vote that would have triggered new elections.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Canadian_parliamentary_dispute
While this DID save Harper's bacon, it also left Canada without a legislature during a global crisis that threatened the nation's entire future. It was a crazed, reckless thing to do.
Canada has a safeguard to prevent this kind of gambit: as a constitutional monarchy, Canadian parliamentary manoeuvres have to receive the Crown's blessing, in the form of assent from the Governor General, the Queen's rep to Canada.
This is the sober, apolitical adult supervision that fans of constitutional monarchies are always banging on about, and then-Governor General Michaëlle Jean completely failed to do her fucking job, leaving Canada without a Parliament during the GFC. She literally had one job.
Proroguing Parliament didn't just save Harper from a no-confidence vote: it also dissolved all the Parliamentary inquiries underway at the time, including the "Afghan detainee transfer" affair, which was investigating Canadian forces' complicity in the torture-murder of POWs.
In many ways, Trudeau is the anti-Harper: a charismatic Liberal who tells refugees they're welcome in Canada, marches with Greta Thunberg, and appoints the first-ever First Nations person to serve as Attorney General .
Truly, there is no policy so progressive that Trudeau won't endorse it...provided he doesn't actually have to make it into policy. Because many of his policies are indistinguishable from Harperism, albeit with a better haircut.
This started before he won the election, when Trudeau (whose father once declared martial law!) whipped his MPs to vote for a human-rights-denying mass surveillance bill, C-51.
Trudeau did so while insisting that the bill was a massive overreach and totally unacceptable, but claiming that the "loyal opposition" should still back it so as not to be accused of being soft on terrorism in the coming election. He promised to repeal it after.
Of course, he didn't.
Trudeau is often compared to Obama, a young and charismatic fellow who makes compromises, sure, but comes through in the clutch.
Tell that to pipeline protesters.
After the Obama administration killed the Transmountain Pipeline - the continent-spanning tube that would make filthy, planet-destroying tar sands profitable enough to bring to market - Trudeau bailed it out, spending billions of federal dollars to keep it alive.
Then, Trudeau - who campaigned on nation-to-nation truth and reconciliation with First Nations - announced that he would shove this toxic tar-sand tube through unceded treaty lands across the breadth of the naiton.
And then he had the AUDACITY to march with Greta Thunberg at the head of a climate march, demanding a change to policies that would see billions dead in the coming century.
HIS OWN policies.
I mean, Trudeau's boosters have a point - Harper NEVER could have pulled that off.
The Harper years were a Trumpian orgy of blatant self-dealing and cronyism.
The Trudeau years, on the other hand...
One of Trudeau's major donors is SNC Lavalin, a crime syndicate masquerading as a global engineering firm (think Halliburton with less morals).
SNC Lavalin had done so much crime that it was on its final notice with the Canadian legal sysem, a probation that it must not violate on penalty of real, big boy federal criminal prosecutions.
Then it did more crimes.
Remember Trudeau's historic appointment of a First Nations woman to the Attorney General's seat? Now was AG Jody Wilson-Raybould's moment to shine.
As Wilson-Raybould began aggressively pursuing these corporate criminals, she started getting calls from Trudeau's office.
For avoidance of doubt, these were not calls of support. They were demands to drop the case and let the SNC Lavalin crime syndicate get off scot-free. Eventually the PM himself called her and demanded that she give his cronies a pass on their repeated criminal actions.
Wilson-Raybould went public, decrying political meddling in the justice system. Trudeau denied everything and began to smear her (Harper had tons of scandals like this, BTW, only the counterpart was usually a rich old white guy, not a First Nations woman).
But Wilson-Raybould had recorded the conversations, and she released the recordings, and proved that Trudeau had lied about the whole thing. Trudeau fired her and kicked her out of the party.
But at least he's not Trump, right? He's the anti-Trump! (Well, except for the pipeline and that time he announced "No country would find 173 billion barrels of oil in the ground and leave them there").
Remember the Muslim Ban? As Trump was tormenting refugees at the US border, Trudeau tweeted "To those fleeing persecution, terror & war, Canadians will welcome you, regardless of your faith. Diversity is our strength #WelcomeToCanada."
Yes, that was awesome. There is no policy so progressive that Trudeau won't endorse it...provided that he never has to do anything to make it happen.
Canada and the US have a "Safe Third Country Agreement" that says that asylum-seekers turned away from the US border can't try again in Canada. To make #WelcomeToCanada more than a hashtag, Trudeau's government would have to suspend that agreement.
Instead, Trudeau's government insisted that under Trump, "the conditions of the Safe Third Country Agreement continued to be met" and thus they would not suspend the agreement and give hearings to those turned away by Trump's border guards.
But at least Trudeau handled the pandemic better than Harper handled the Great Financial Crisis.
No, really, he did!
Mostly.
I mean, unless you were in a nursing home or on a First Nations reservation.
https://www.canadalandshow.com/podcast/an-emergency-season-pandemic/
But still, Trudeau's government did a MUCH better job than the Trump government, or Boris Johnson's Tories. Neither Liberals nor Conservatives will really fight cronyism, climate change or authoritarianism, but there are still substantive differences between them.
But in some ways, they are depressingly similar.
Take corruption.
Long before the plague struck, Canadaland was publishing damning reports on We Charity, a massive, beloved Canadian charitable institution nominally devoted to ending child slavery.
Canadaland's initial reporting on the charity focused on its partnerships with companies that were using child slaves to make their products, but the investigations mushroomed after the charity sent dire legal threats to the news organisation over its coverage.
And then Canadaland founder Jesse Brown found himself smeared by a US dirty-tricks organization that got its start working for GOP politicians, who got a contract to plant editorials criticizing Canadaland's We coverage in small-town US newspapers.
Private eyes started following Brown around, even keeping tabs on his small children. Rather than being intimidated, Brown kept up the pressure on We, which prompted whistleblowers to leak him even more details about the charity's activities.
https://pluralistic.net/2020/08/03/turnkey-authoritarianism/#we-charity
These included massive, mysterious real-estate holdings, hard-to-excuse criminal investigations of its Kenyan activities, and (here's where I've been going with this all along) GIANT CASH PAYMENTS to Trudeau's family, as well as valuable gifts to his Finance Minister.
And, as with the Wilson-Reybould affair, Trudeau's initial response to this was to simply deny it, calling his accusers liars. But then the scandal kept unspooling, his Finance Minister quit in disgrace, the charity (sort of) folded up and shut down, and Trudeau...
Well, Trudeau prorogued Parliament, shutting down Canada's government in the midst of a crisis that was - unimaginably - even worse than the 2008 crisis that Harper had left the nation rudderless through to avoid his own scandal.
(Again, for constitutional monarchy fans, that's two entirely political proroguings in the midsts of global crises, signed off on by the Queen's supposedly apolitical and sober check on reckless activity)
Shutting down Parliament seems to have rescued Trudeau's government from snap elections, which may well have been won by the Tories, who have resolved their longstanding racist and plutocratic tensions with a new ghoulish nightmare leader:
https://jacobinmag.com/2020/09/canada-erin-otoole-conservative-party-cpc/
And, as Trudeau has reconvened Parliament, he's promised something genuinely amazing: a massive, national stimulus package meant to keep families, workers and small businesses afloat through the looming second pandemic wave.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-canada-economy/canada-bets-the-farm-on-big-spending-as-second-wave-threatens-economic-recovery-idUSKCN26F1NF
This is something Canada - and the US, for that matter - desperately needs. Canada is monetarily sovereign: it issues its own currency and its debt is in the same currency, meaning it can never run out of money (no more than Apple could ever run out of Itunes gift cards).
The Canadian DOES face constraints on its spending, but they're just not MONETARY constraints - they're RESOURCE constraints. If the Canadian government creates money to buy the same things the private sector is shopping for, there'll be a bidding war, AKA inflation.
But as a new wave of lockdowns and mass illness looms over the country, there's going to be a hell of a lot of things the private sector isn't trying to buy - notably, the labour of the Canadian workforce, millions of whom will be locked indoors through the winter.
An analyst warns that Trudeau's proposal is likely to add CAD30B to the deficit, which is a completely irrelevant fact unless that new money is going to be chasing the same goods that Canadian business and citizens are seeking to buy.
Trudeau has promised to create a national prescription drug plan (a longstanding hole in Canada's national health care system), as well as universal childcare, and he's denounced austerity as a response to the crisis.
There's a part of me that is very glad to see this. My family and friends are in Canada, after all, and if Trudeau lives up to his promise, he will shield them from the collapse we're seeing in the USA.
But that is a BIG if. Trudeau isn't Harper. He's more charismatic, he's got better hair, and he says much, much better things than Harper.
However, when the chips are down, Trudeau out-Harpers Harper.
Mass surveillance legislation. Corruption scandals. Lying about corruption scandals. Bailing out the pipeline. "No country would find 173 billion barrels of oil in the ground and leave them there." Abandoning asylum-seekers to Trump's lawless regime.
"Once is happenstance. Twice is coincidence. The third time it's enemy action." It would be pretty naive to assume that merely because Trudeau has promised to do the right thing, that he will do the right thing.
Indeed, if history is any indicator, the best way to predict what Trudeau will do is to assume that it will be the OPPOSITE of whatever he promises.
I won't lie. I felt a spark of hope when I read Trudeau's words.
But hope is all I've got - and it's a far cry from confidence.
Or relief.
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Iris Publishers - World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science (WJASS)
Soil Restoration: Drought Resistance, Soil Health Improvement, Toxin Sequestration and Worms
Authored by Leonard Sonnenschein
Land and water systems are on the verge of a collapse due to various failed schemes [1]. The ecological impact on water/land use along with dilutive residues of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and over-use of soil and waterways have led to an inability for land and water systems to be sustainably managed.
The effects of climate change have further marginalized Land and Sea productivity due to change in soil and water conditions and relative cropping/water use equations [2].
Effluents from farm fields are toxifying streams and residues are being built up in adjoined waterways in the form of new eutrophic zones (dead zones); often the result of fertilizers being used to heavily increase agricultural production without consideration of the land and water ecosystem resource impact.
Discussion
The effects of agricultural runoff: nitrogen and phosphates
The agricultural sector is primarily responsible for excess nitrogen in the form of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, phosphorus, pesticides, and pathogen pollution of water bodies in agricultural zones. Nitrogen and phosphorous are causal to eutrophication in water bodies and affecting aquatic life [3]. In maize production region of Uasin Gishu County, which is Kenya’s food basket, Ontumbi et al. [4] established that River Sosiani was stressed by nutrients (nitrates and phosphorous) originating from agricultural activities resulting in loss of biodiversity [5] and algal blooms. In Zimbabwe, Nyamangara et al. [6] reported that anthropogenic activities within the Upper Manyame Catchment Area (UMCA) were the major sources of nitrate and phosphate pollution in the three rivers and were a serious threat to the environmental sustainability of the rivers and lakes downstream. A study conducted in central Tanzania region of Singida on soils and water resources revealed that nitrate levels in water in the selected locations in Singida Urban District ranges from 105 mg/L to 476 mg/L, the values which are above the maximum recommended standard of 50 mg/L as described by WHO [7] and of 20 mg/L as per TBS [8], thus long term consumption by human beings and animals without treatment to reduce levels of nitrates may result in health problems in human and animals in the area. High levels of nitrates in water in the study area resulted from human activities particularly waste disposal, the use of natural agricultural inputs (animal manure) and crop residuals [9]. Concentration of nitrate in groundwater in many parts of Tanzania is above the background level of 10 mg/l and in some places exceeds WHO maximum recommended levels for drinking water. Highest values were observed in urban areas of Dar es Salaam, Dodoma and Tanga where the concentration of nitrate in some aquifers was higher than 400 mg/l. Generally, in urban areas, concentration of nitrate in groundwater samples decreased as one moved from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas probably due to decreasing density of sanitation facilities. In rural settings, elevated nitrate concentration in the groundwater probably was contributed by excessive use of fertilizers (inorganic fertilizers and animal manure) [10].
Restoring plant health
Plant health can be affected by lack of either or both macro and micronutrients, disease and pests’ infestations and physiological disorders. Nutrient deficiencies can be as a result of lack or excess of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium or boron, copper, zinc etc. Most croplands of Tanzania have low fertility and nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient [11]. Soil phosphorus availability is commonly low. There are occasional indications of localized Cu, Zn and Mn deficiencies [12].
• Nitrogen deficiency: Low or high pH soils make the problem worse as do sandy and light soils because leaching takes place with the nutrients draining away through the soil too easily.
• Phosphorous (P): Acidic and very alkaline soils worsen the plant health. Crops with poorly developed root systems struggle without enough phosphorous.
• Potassium (K): Drought conditions and high rainfall or heavy irrigation are equally problematic when the balances of potassium are important for healthy green foliage and ensures optimal root growth.
• Magnesium (Mg): Magnesium contributes towards healthy plant development, aids with maturation process to bring forward the harvest and improves yield.
• Calcium (Ca): Calcium is important for healthy foliage and contributes to improved quality of grain and increased yields.
• Sulphur (S): S contributes to green foliage, healthy growth of the maize plant and contributes to an effective uptake of nitrogen by the crop.
• Boron (B): B is particularly important for cob and kernel development.
• Zinc (Zn): Zinc is important for good plant development early in the season and helps improve yields as well as speeds up the maturation of the plant to bring the harvest date forward.
According to Sonnenschein and Etyang [13], maize plants respond to improved soil health visually noted with increased natural moisture retention with soil becoming darker, having more worms per cubic meter of soil also indicating greater soil microbial life, with the stalks and roots being taller and thicker thus resulting in higher plant biomass in addition to doubling the cob production, pest and pathogen-free with far greater nutritional density when compared to the control plants. Clearly, micronutrients play a very important role in the life cycle of a plant.
Restoring tree productivity
Many smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa practice agroforestry. These systems have prevailed despite persistent attempts to introduce monoculture production of annual crops, which have been much less successful in Africa than elsewhere. This calls for use of low-cost option of agroforestry to replenish the lost soil nutrients. Agroforestry has been known to enhance soil fertility, improve farm income, protect water catchments, restore landscapes, conserve biodiversity and resilience against the impacts of climate change in sub Saharan Africa [14]. Soil carbon, in the form of organic matter is an indicator of soil biological activity and health. The use of diverse tree species in agroforestry systems represents alternative forms of increasing soil fertility and sustaining agricultural production [15]. Agroforestry practices have been promoted for decades both in the tropics and temperate regions of the world for their perceived benefits of not only improving soil quality, but also providing other ecosystem services [16]. Many of the environmental benefits and ecosystem services expected from agroforestry would not be materialized unless these practices improved the capacity of soils to be productive and healthy over the long term. Incorporation of trees in agroforestry enhances the Soil Organic Matter (OM) by adding litter both above and belowground. Soil OM is the energy source of soil organisms and influences both soil biodiversity and associated soil biological functions. As a result, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is one of the important indicators used in assessing soil health [17].
Agriculture practices affect fisheries productivity, coral reef restoration and water health
Lake Victoria in East Africa has been a recipient of both agricultural and urban waste resulting in an increase in phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, water hyacinth, and eradication of endemic cichlid fishes [3]. Mangroves at the Kenyan coast are under persistent pressure from human activities such as fish farming, manufacturing of salt, agriculture production and housing construction. Mangroves help in siltation of coral reefs and contributes to organic matter and nutrients productivity of the coastal ecosystems [18].
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria that under favorable environmental conditions produce toxic secondary metabolites (cyanotoxins) which are harmful to the environment, including humans. Harmful cyanobacteria, or CyanoHABs, are now a problem of global environmental concern and efforts are being taken to prevent, predict, minimizes, and suppress their occurrences [19]. In nearby Lake Victoria, blooms of cyanobacteria have been observed since 1980 which are associated with massive fish kills [12]. Studies by Kihwele et al., [20] and others in the United Republic of Tanzania have demonstrated the occurrence of toxin producingcyanobacteria in specific regions.
Other indicator species such as Flamingos have shown mortality from the presence of these harmful algal blooms in Tanzania is the mass fatality of Lesser Flamingos in saline lakes in Arusha and Manyara Region [21].
In order to investigate the potential for microcystin (MC) production by cyanobacteria in the Mwanza Gulf (Lake Victoria, Tanzania), nutrients, phytoplankton and microcyst ins were sampled inshore (3m depth) and offshore (18m depth) from May to August 2002. Significant differences in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and nitrate concentrations between offshore and inshore indicated eutrophication via terrestrial run-off.
To read more about this article: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/soil-restoration-drought-resistance-soil-health-improvement-toxin-sequestration-and-worms.ID.000573.php
Indexing List of Iris Publishers: https://medium.com/@irispublishers/what-is-the-indexing-list-of-iris-publishers-4ace353e4eee
Iris publishers google scholar citations: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=irispublishers&btnG=
#journal of agriculture#Agriculture and Soil Science#Soil Science#Animal Sciences#Inter National Agriculture Science
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Prince William on making his mark on father's Duchy of Cornwall legacy: 'I’ll never know as much as he does, but I’ll try my best'
by: Hannah Furness
A royal visit is a curious thing. Jittering excitement, weeks of preparation, and a last-minute panic about how exactly to pronounce “ma’am” are par for the course, while a wise man once observed the Queen may well believe the world smells of fresh paint.
As Prince William arrives in Newton St Loe, Somerset, on a picturesque summer’s day, the atmosphere is a little different. Not because staff aren’t excited, of course, but because his presence in the Duchy of Cornwall is no longer a remarkable novelty.
Quietly, over the last year or so, the Duke of Cambridge has become a feature of Duchy life, as father and son enter a period of gradual transition which has seen them work closer than ever before. After 50 years at the helm of the Duchy, Prince Charles has left a legacy of a business worth nearly £1bn, with his own passion of farming at the heart of it. The Duke, as he puts it, must now find his own way, taking the best of his father’s expertise and taking it on for a new generation.
If he is conscious of the countless tenants relying on the Duchy’s success - not to mention the small matter of one day being Prince of Wales and then King - Prince William wears it remarkably lightly.
Joined by the Daily Telegraph for a day of Duchy work, he issues warm greetings and self-depricating jokes to staff old and new, moving seamlessly into a cheery “jambo!” for Kenyan charity workers joining them briefly via Skype. Under sunny skies, it is not hard to see why his father is so fond of his rural estate, with its whitewashed cottages, wildflower gardens and rolling countryside as far as the eye can see, and why William too has fallen for its charms.
For Prince William, the day is one of an increasing number spent on Duchy duties: listening to local farmers, liaising with senior staff on the latest developments and hearing how they hope to navigate the 21st century challenges they will face under his watch in years to come.
Off camera, William is refreshingly honest about his limitations compared with his father’s decades of experience, and the farmers who have been in the business their whole life.
“I know a tiny amount,” he says candidly of farming. “I’ve got the interest and the passion. The countryside is deep in my heart.
“I want to learn and know more about farming, but the countryside and the way of life and the best people in the countryside is what I grew up with. I’m not a London boy.
“My father knows so much about farming. He’s in that sector and knows it so well. My interest isn’t really appearing yet, but it will do in the future.”
Of how he has learned from the practical estate management of his grandfather Prince Philip, and the more romantic organic ideals of Prince Charles, he said: “My grandfather has done it one way, my father has done it another way and I’ll probably do a little bit of both.
”That’s not to say he won’t bring ideas of his own. His charity work on homelessness, mental health and the military will no doubt lead to new ideas about what the Duchy can do, particularly in urban areas where it owns swathes of land.
In the meantime, he has been to Sussex to learn about rewilding, to France to see how land left alone has become a haven for wildlife, and to Cumbria where hill farmers are deeply concerned about the uncertainty of Brexit.
While his father is steeped in the forensic detail of his key passions, William prefers to talk: to experts, to his patronages, to any member of the public he comes across. His day-to-day life sees him read and reply to two boxes of paperwork a day, mixing his father’s ink letters with texts, emails and calls to staff across the way at Kensington Palace.
The school run is sacred, palace insiders say, with William and Kate each dropping off or picking up Prince George and Princess Charlotte from Thomas’s school every day. He has frequent meetings with the Queen and now speaks to his father regularly about work, making them “the closest they’ve ever been in that sense” said a source.
While Prince Charles had, as he puts it, a “baptism of fire” in inheriting the Duchy, William has been able to ease towards the next major transition of his adult life with his father, grandmother and grandfather on hand.
Those around him have noticed a deliberate period of “stepping up”, with words like “statesmanlike” appearing in coverage of his work and a clear plan of action about the projects he wants to make a lifelong cause. If it seems like a never ending to-do list, from the art of international diplomacy to figuring out what people all over Britain want from the monarchy, well, it is.
But while other parts of the Royal Family hit the headlines, the Cambridges may be the firm hands at the tiller. The Duke’s relationship with his father, the next king, will become a new axis which will come to define the monarchy for the coming generations.
He doesn’t yet enjoy the limelight, instinctively shying away from being the star of any public engagement, but has reconciled himself to using his platform to make public statements about the things that matter to him. Closer to home, the influence of the Duchess is clear as the steady, supportive backbone to the family life with three boisterous children he has always craved.
Next week’s tour to Pakistan will be another step yet: a massive diplomatic test under tight security to cement Britain’s relationship with the country and learn about world affairs on the ground.
"It's not a case of learning the ropes, it's mastering them," a source said. "This is about putting into practice what he's learnt now he's in his second year as a full time working member of the royal family.
"His work on the environment, the emergency services and supporting those who serve as well as the most vulnerable in society has been strong evidence of that."
For now, he is happy to give his father his dues.
“He really knows his stuff,” William says. “I’ll never know as much as he does, but I’ll try my best.”
For Prince Charles, who wants nothing more than to see the Duchy in safe hands, that will be quite enough. .
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How about a coffee grammar? Between Candid Standards and Candied Starfruit: Part 3
In the past two parts of this blog series on coffee evaluation, we focused mainly on the scoring of coffee in numbers. The score of a coffee has huge importance in our industry. It is the benchmark for pricing and reflects the quality of a coffee for most of us. But how much can we really take away from a final score?
It doesn’t tell us much about the character of a coffee and whether you ’re looking for a blend component or just an amazing coffee for your special line: A coffee evaluation has to deliver more than just a number. Most scoresheets leave room for descriptors and demand the cupper to take notes on the scored attributes, but these seem rather secondary in the system of a cupping sheet.
It is fascinating to see that a group of people tasting coffee on a regular base can be as close as 0.25 points in the individual scores, which means they are very calibrated. Linguistic description, however, is much harder to calibrate on as we don’t really have a concise system to articulate flavor. Do you also find yourself using completely different words to describe a coffee than someone else despite being generally quite calibrated to each other? For all those who aren’t sure what I mean, I recommend trying the following experiment. All you need is some ambitious spoon swinging friends and a table of coffees you cup together:
Put three different coffees on the table of which at least two are unfamiliar to you. (if everyone brings one coffee the others don’t know, it should do the job.)
Instead of scoring the coffees with numbers, try to write a protocol of your natural procedure of analyzing the coffee. Write full sentences and be as precise as possible.
Then read out your description to each other and compare the individual attributes but also the structure and order of the evaluation.
Most likely you will find that some descriptors of aromatics are matching. When you taste a fruity Kenyan SL-34 all of you will identify some “berry” notes. (Blackberry, Gooseberry, etc.)
What you will realize though is the inconsistent order and the large variance in words when it comes to anything else than flavor notes. In our case, some of us didn’t take notes about the intensity of core attributes. Others had no remarks on the balance while someone else wrote almost solely about the acidity.
We also noticed that the style of wording was strongly influenced by our professional background. Roasters would refer much more to sweetness with a different set of words than former baristas or green coffee buyers respectively. What we paid attention to when cupping was quite different even though the coffees we tasted were the same. To put it in a different context. If we put the three coffees on a larger cupping table and handed the notes to someone asking this person to match it with the corresponding coffees… well. The result would have shown a strong unalignment. However, it was also enlightening. We came to two realizations.
Number One: Everyone has their own way of analyzing a coffee. Even though it can result in a numerical rating and the association with learned words, which corresponds to the assessment of your fellow cuppers, the patterns which we use to arrive at this result are highly individual.
Number Two: Using a similar vocabulary is insufficient if you don’t put it in the right order, because it produces blindspots. Any language is made of words and grammar. If words were the bricks, grammar is the mortar. Without the mortar, the wall falls apart.
The journey of tasting a coffee
How do you cup coffee? What goes on in your mind when you do? Isn’t it a fascinating mental process?
Even though this is such an essential matter in our industry there is yet very little content about the actual procedure of tasting. The most common literature deals either with the color and shape of mugs or with the biochemical aspect of taste perception. It goes a bit along the lines of this:
Different volatile chemicals rise up to your nasal cavity to stimulate the olfactory perceptors which then send electric signals to the gustatory cortex were the information is processed.
Some good buzzwords here and there and you seem to have a sound explanation of how humans perceive taste and aroma.
Indeed it is, but it is the answer to the wrong question.
It explains how the how the information gets to our brain, but not how we process it once we obtained it. This is where taste psychology and the tricky aspects of conditioning and framing come into play.
Early fundamentals of taste psychology have already emerged in ancient Greece when philosophers like Plato put their mind to how we process the impression from what we put in our mouths. He first lexicalized the basic tastes like sweet, sour, bitter and salt, which have become totally intrinsic to our understanding of taste.
Yet what I would like to raise the awareness for in this blog post is how a concept of taste, may it be as simple as the one introduced by Plato, influences the way we perceive coffee and express its perception.
How would you describe the character of a coffee if no one ever showed you how to do that? It is a big challenge for newcomers in coffee to “find the right words” to describe a cup of coffee. In the beginning, we all listened carefully what those who seemed proficient would say. We learned words like juicy or bright and so when someone asked you the next time what you thought, you probably fired out the few words you learned last time. Every coffee you liked was juicy. Every cup you didn’t like was astringent. What a nice word: Astringent. I liked this one a lot when I started in coffee. It sounded sophisticated. Bitter, Roasty, Musty, Dry, Tart = Astringent.
The journey of tasting a coffee is influenced strongly by the concepts and ideas out there. The most significant one is surely the SCA cupping protocol and the ideas that led to it. Many of us refer to it more or less consciously when making the effort to taste coffee in an organized manner.
What the little experiment explained above shows, is that we all use a different chronology of attributes as we cup. What do you best start with? Aromatics, because they appear first on many scoresheets and we have internalized this procedure to a great extent? Acidity, because it is the anchor of quality for most cuppers? Overall impression regarding cleanliness and balance, because getting a general impression in the first round of tasting seems to be a logistical step? Not easy...
The context in which we cup will also dictate how we approach a coffee. Roasters, for example, think a lot about ratios. They are aware of the given potential in a green coffee and try to define the right amount of development to create a taste experience to their liking. Therefore balance would be much more a point of focus here with a different meaning than in green coffee evaluation.
When cupping for green analyzes, the scope must be generally a lot wider. Green coffee cuppers look for taints in a coffee more than anything and on top of this try to estimate the potential of the coffee for a later purpose. When tasting green coffee one has to look through aspects like brewing and roasting despite their huge effect on the cup experience in order to get to the relevant field of work. First and foremost this will be related to the happenings at the farm level like the choice of variety, the cherry ripeness, fermentation, drying and so on. The core attributes are cleanliness, acidity, and aromatics.
Another field in which coffee is tasted frequently is in the preparation of coffee as a final beverage. Here the point of reference is the cup as a whole rather than single aspects. The job of a barista is to look at the cup as it really is and to imagine the experience of the customer, hence the overall impression is more significant. When going into detail, they put the focus on bitterness and dryness (aftertaste and mouthfeel) as they determine the limitation of extraction and also on the level of acidity as it is the sensorial ceiling of the brewing strength.
Coffee Cuppers Syntax
These few examples show already how impalpable the character of coffee is and why we are inconsistent in the expression of taste.
Despite (or maybe because of?) this circumstance I believe that an effort to structure our words better will lead to a more constructive conversation around the cupping table.
Therefore I would like to suggest some guidelines that can help anyone at any level of tasting to have a more structured approach. In fact, these quite intuitive rules have proven to work well in competitions and other beverage industries.
Just have a look at wine! The degree of systematization is simpl impressive. If you are curious what it is like to describe a wine like a pro, check out this video!
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(Obviously, wine is a much more stable product with a uniform way of presentation and the variation from one bottle to another of the same wine is marginal.)
From General to Specific
As mentioned before: There is always a certain purpose of the cupping and usually, it involves the decision whether or not a coffee qualifies for the intended use. For example, the SCA specialty coffee form is a tool to identify specialty coffees. The general criteria for this are:
Presence of sweetness
Uniformity
Cleanliness
In this case, one should start by saying whether or not the coffee qualifies as specialty grade.
The coffee is sweet, clean and uniform.
What follows will go more and more into depth, describing the coffee more specifically.
This rule should be followed also in the individual attributes. Mention first the overall, broad category and then become more specific if possible. For the aromatics, it would go like this:
Fruity. Stonefruit-like. Yellow stonefruit. Apricot. Dried apricot. Dried apricot skin.
This doesn't mean one should always have such a detailed list of descriptors. Most coffees don’t show very specific flavor attributes such as dried apricot which is why one should rather use the more general descriptor if the cup as such isn’t replicable. This reflects also in the coffee flavor wheel were the attributes become more specific from inside to outside.
From High to Low
The high-to-low-rule relates mostly to the intensity. When describing a single attribute like flavor one should start with the notes of highest intensity followed by the lower ranking notes.
Flavor notes in a coffee can be broadly separated into three categories which were presented first by the head of sensory analyses at Cafe Imports, Ian Fretheim, who developed a new cupping form.
These are Fruity, Floral, and Caramel. Always go with the most intense category first and then work from the attribute of the highest to the lowest intensity.
The coffee is medium-high in fruit aromatics.
Stonefruit (highest)
Citrus (medium)
Berries (lowest)
From Absolute to Relative
Attributes can have an absolute or relative character. Absolute means that the attribute is quantifiable, hence it could be measured. Relative attributes are more metaphorical (“it is like…”) and are more context-based than factual.
The acidity attribute can make this very clear. We first start with an assessment of the intensity.
The acidity is medium high.
This assessment is done on a scale rating from the lowest possible amount of acidity (0) to the highest know intensity (10). Through calibration, one could make this assessment with very high reliability.
A similar degree of certainty is provided by the type of acid.
The acidity is citric.
There is a quantifiable amount of citric acid in a cup of coffee which can validate this description. The same will go for all other physically present acids in the coffee.
When the absolute character of an attribute is fully assessed one can proceed with relative descriptions which involve some degree of creativity and are more individual as they are linked to memories.
The acidity reminds me of rhubarb.
What kind of rhubarb? Ripe or Unripe? With sugar or without? Such expression can be valuable when the context is clear but one should be aware of how ambiguous such a description is . Generally, you should be rather reserved when the assessment has to be repeatable in a different time and place and across different cultural backgrounds.
Describing coffee is fun but also difficult. I hope that the ideas of this blog series are helpful and nurture some new conversations at your cupping table. At the algrano cuppings, we constantly challenge our concepts and try to become better at tasting coffee. If you want to cup with us, swing by at our office or check out our social media channels for public cuppings across Europe!
Author: Constantin Hoppenz
Constantin is an expert on quality control and coffee roasting and joined Algranoto manage the specialty coffee offers on the platform. Some of his posts will be very technical, some others more emotional or political. In any case, you are warmly welcome to comment and discuss! Thanks for reading!
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