#Fernão

[poesia-marginow]

As oportunidades são para candidatos de nível médio e superior; confira os detalhes Concursos › Notícias › Sudeste EDITAL DE ABERTURA Nº 004/2022 PROVAS RELACIONADAS PCI Concursos

[vang0bus]

always hate when im looking at a historical figure's wikipedia page and i can tell exactly what kind of person wrote it

[rabbitcruiser]

Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe on August 10 1519.

[tratadista]

Fernão Teles de Meneses, Retrato de Luís de Camões (1581)

[thedailymobile]

“Just In Casings”

© EricBrazier.com

[antonioarchangelo]

Gramáticas Prescritiva, Descritiva e Internalizada: Compreendendo os Diferentes Enfoques na Língua Portuguesa

Desde a publicação da primeira gramática da língua portuguesa em 1536 por Fernão de Oliveira, em Lisboa, a relação entre língua e gramática tem sido objeto de reflexão e debate constante. No entanto, ao longo dos séculos, essa relação evoluiu e diversificou-se, levando ao desenvolvimento de diferentes concepções de gramática que refletem distintas abordagens sobre a língua portuguesa. A…

[bikeaospedacos]

Mountain bike infantil ganha força com o Bike Kids Cup

Bike Kids Cup levará mais de 300 crianças de várias partes do país para o Parque Fernão Dias, em Contagem, no próximo dia 19 de agosto

[minasemdia]

Acidente entre ônibus e carreta deixa 6 feridos na BR-381 próximo ao trevo de Perdões, veja fotos

Neste último sábado (29/07) por volta das 09h15, um acidente na BR-381, no km 663, próximo ao Trevo de Perdões, mobilizou equipes de resgate e atendimento emergencial. Um ônibus, que seguia do Estado da Bahia para São Paulo, colidiu na traseira de uma carreta, resultando em danos materiais e lesões leves aos passageiros. O Corpo de Bombeiros de Oliveira, o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de…

[whencyclopedia]

Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan, or Fernão de Magalhães (c. 1480-1521), was a Portuguese mariner whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519-22 in the service of Spain. Magellan was killed on the voyage in what is today the Philippines, and only 22 of the original 270 crew members made it back to Europe.

Continue reading...

[fabien-euskadi]

The Parish Church of Borba, also known as Church of Our Lady of Soveral (or Our Lady of the Snow), a temple originally built circa 1420 and rebuilt circa 1560.

This church was built on the exact place where once existed a cork oak forest; according to a local legend, an image of the Virgin Mary miracolously appeared in this wood on the outskirts of Borba. The construction of the new Parish Church (that replace and old temple from 1260, that existed inside the castle walls) was ordered by the master of the Military Order of Saint Benedict of Avis, Fernão Rodrigues de Sequeira.

[flordemurta]

4 portuguese monarchs who might had same-sex relationships:

1) Pedro I of of Portugal, certainly, one if the most renowned portuguese monarchs, largely due to the saga of “love and passion” with Inês de Castro. Yet, it was common knowledge that she wasn't the Pedro’s only love: he harboured a passion for his squire, Afonso Moreira, a relationship that ended as disastrously as his other romantic (or not) entanglements. On one fateful occasion, Afonso was caught in bed with Catarina Tosse, wife of Lourenço Gonçalves, who was an esteemed magistrate.

Throughout his reign, Pedro earned the epithet “the Cruel” for his ruthless administration of justice, whereby transgressions of any magnitude often resulted in swift execution. Pedro’s decision to order Afonso’s castration as punishment for his adultery starkly manifested his merciless ethos. Nevertheless, according to Fernão Lopes, a chronicler of portuguese court at the time, in chapter VIII of “Crônica de el-rei D. Pedro I”, his harshness stemmed from a surge of jealousy on the king’s part upon discovering his beloved squire’s relationship with a woman.

2) Prince Henry, revered as “the Navigator”, occupies a central role particularly during the epoch of maritime exploration.

He was hailed as “chaste prince”, having never entered into wedlock, with no historical accounts suggesting (with certainty) any relationships with women. In the annals of 1444, Henry experienced the loss of a “dear friend” in Ceuta, a tragedy that pluged him into 3 months of profound mourning. Both his father, King John I, and his brother, King Edward, counselled him to “rein in his emotions, lest he indulge men beyond what virtue dictates.”

3) King Sebastian contracted gonorrhoea at the age 10/11, a malady documented in medical records at the time that rendered him sexually impotent. Some historians posit that this affliction may have dissuaded Sebastian from pursuing matrimonial unions or romantic relationships with women.

Even though, the “Crônicas de el-rei D. Sebastião” by Friar Bernardo da Cruz recounts an incident during a hunt in the Alentejo, where the entourage of nobles accompanying King Sebastian were stirred by a commotion. Investigating the disturbance, they stumbled upon the monarch locked in an embrance with a fugitive slave amidst the woodland.

4) King Afonso VI, sibling to Queen Catarina of Braganza, earned a reputation for rebeliouness and unruliness from a tender age, yet he harboured no ambitions for kingship.

His reign , marred by a series of missteps, was etched in history for its futile ventures. Despite grappling with severe health afflictions — such as partial paralysis stemming from hemiplegic fever, and scourge of bulimia — Afonso found solace in nocturnal escapades with his inner circle of friends. Among them was António Conti, an intalian peddler of opulent attire and accoutrements to Europe’s nobility. Conti’s sway in Afonso’s court burgeoned as he assumed the role of sartorial advisor and facilitator of introductions to foreign luminaries. Also, both grew increasingly closer to each other, with Afonso avoiding royal gatherings to spend time with Conti, mostly in his chambers.

In 1666, Afonso took the hand of Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy, yet their union was fleeting. Maria, citing non-consummation owing to Afonso’s hemiplegia, sought an annulment. In letters to his sister, he bemoaned Maria’s coercive measures, by which she compelled him into relationships with 14 courtesants in a bid to unearth the root of their marital discord.

Seeking to shield Afonso’s sovereignty and secure the portuguese lineage, Luisa de Gusmão, his mother, sanctioned the arrest and subsequent exile of Conti to the distant shores of Brazil.

[rabbitcruiser]

Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe on August 10 1519.

[tratadista]

Luís de Camões (c. 1524-1580), por Fernão Gomes

[bluberimufim]

Pedro & Inês (cultural ramblie)

Happy Valentine's Day!! <3<3 When I planned this post, I did not realize Carnaval and Valentine's Day were on consecutive days (catholic calendar calculations continue to kick my ass, just like every year), so you get TWO cultural ramblies for the price of one!!

This one is a bit different from the other ones. I usually talk about legends or holiday traditions but this is actually just history! Still, I felt inclined to share partly because this is a major thing in portuguese culture and partly because this is the most overdramatic historical anecdote I have ever seen and more people need to know about it. Now, let's get into it!

The Tragedy of Pedro and Inês

(portraits of Pedro and Inês, made centuries after their deaths)

In 1340, Prince Pedro of Portugal, son of King Afonso the 4th, married Constança Manuel of Aragon. When she moved to Portugal, Constança brought along her lady-in-waiting, Inês de Castro. You can already see where this is going.

Pedro and Inês fell madly in love and began a secret relationship (which seems to not have been that secret at all). In 1344, Afonso the 4th exiled Inês to the castle of Albuquerque, near the border, out of fear that this affair would sour diplomatic relationships with Castille.

It just so happens that Constança died in childbirth one year later. Despite his father's requests, Pedro refused to remarry, claiming that he was still too overcome with grief over his wife's death. Instead, he had Inês's exile annulled and began living with her. During this period in which they lived together, they had 4 children.

In 1355, five years later, King Afonso the 4th ordered the assassination of Inês de Castro. She was killed in Coimbra, in Quinta das Lágrimas, where legend says you can still hear her crying at the fountain where she lost her life, later named Fonte das Lágrimas ("Fountain of Tears"). This moment, along with another one further ahead, is the one all the poets go crazy for.

Inês's death triggered a revolt against the king, led by Pedro. However, there was never an actual physical confrontation, since the queen-mother was able to stop it in time.

In 1357, Pedro rose to the throne, becoming King Pedro the 1st. He claimed that he had married Inês in secret around 1354, legitimizing their children and making her possibly the only posthumous queen in history (someone fact-check me on this). For avenging her death, he was dubbed "Pedro, the Just".

He had matching tombs made for him and Inês so she could be buried as queen by his side. They still stand today in the Monastery of Alcobaça, where you can visit them. They were placed on opposite ends of the transept, facing each other, so that they could be face to face when they rose from their graves. The inscription on Pedro's tomb is thought to read "Until the ends of the world". I'll show pics later, don't worry.

You thought I was done? I haven't even gotten to the overdramatic part! (Ok, the tomb thing was pretty dramatic, but this part is extra as hell)

As King Pedro the 1st, he had Inês's two assassins executed. According to a somewhat contemporary chronicle by Fernão Lopes (still Middle Ages but a century later), he had their hearts ripped out, one through the chest and another through the back. Sources seem to disagree on whether this actually happened or not, but Fernão Lopes was a pretty reliable guy in other parts of his chronicle. And, this being strictly myth, it is said that he made those two assassins kiss the hand of Inês's corpse as they would the queen's. For this, he was dubbed "Pedro, the Cruel", on top of his other title. Perfectly balanced and whatnot.

Here's a painting by Pierre-Charles Comte about it:

The Tombs

I saw them in early November of last year and I cannot overstate how amazing they are in real life. The whole church they're in is beautiful but the tombs are just breathtaking, especially knowing the story behind them.

They're the reason I wanted to make this post. They are considered some of the greatest masterpieces of portuguese gothic sculpture. They are full of intricate carvings and, despite missing a few pieces here and there, are still in amazingly good condition today. You can visit them for free any time.

Here are the pictures I promised. The last 2 are taken by me!

Some historical notes (cool facts)

This is mostly about the corpse coronation part because I found it in my research and thought it was cool.

The first dynasty of portuguese kings didn't have coronations. They were seen as warrior kings first and foremost, and therefore felt no need to pledge their allegiance to Christianity. If they did swear over something, it was a shield. They did not have the fancy ceremony.

What can we learn from all this, you ask?

Write that overdramatic romance you've been wanting to. You'll never out-drama queen King Pedro the 1st.

[o-druida-ebrio]

— Richard Bach, no livro “Fernão Capelo Gaivota”. Trad. tradução de Antônio Ramos Rosa, Madalena Rosález. São Paulo: Circulo do Livro, 1970.

[alemdobvio]

Obras literárias portuguesas que promoveram a evolução da literatura:

Desde a fundação de Portugal até a implantação da república em 1910, foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento e evolução da literatura em língua portuguesa:

1. Cantigas Trovadorescas (séc. XII - XIV)

Gênero: Poesia lírica e satírica.

Obras representativas: Cantigas de Amigo (cantigas de origem popular que expressam os sentimentos amorosos) e Cantigas de Escárnio e Maldizer (cantigas satíricas e irônicas).

Contribuição: Marcaram o início da literatura portuguesa escrita, com forte influência da tradição oral. São as primeiras manifestações da poesia em galego-português e refletem aspectos da vida social medieval.

2. Crónicas de Fernão Lopes (séc. XV)

Obras: Crónica de D. Pedro I, Crónica de D. Fernando e Crónica de D. João I.

Gênero: Prosa histórica.

Contribuição: Consideradas precursoras da prosa literária portuguesa, as crônicas de Fernão Lopes combinam narrativa histórica e elementos literários, capturando a vida e o espírito da época. Lopes é visto como o pai da historiografia portuguesa.

3. Os Lusíadas (1572) – Luís de Camões

Gênero: Poesia épica.

Contribuição: Considerado o maior épico português, *Os Lusíadas celebra as aventuras marítimas e a expansão portuguesa. Camões combina o estilo clássico com temas nacionais, criando uma obra que consolidou o português como língua literária e influenciou escritores de várias gerações.

4. Sermões (séc. XVII) – Padre António Vieira

Obras representativas: Sermão de Santo António aos Peixes e outros sermões.

Gênero: Prosa religiosa e oratória.

Contribuição: Vieira trouxe uma nova visão ao Barroco português com sua habilidade oratória e prosa expressiva, abordando questões sociais, políticas e religiosas. É considerado um dos grandes mestres do Barroco em língua portuguesa.

5. Cartas Chilenas (1789) – Tomás Antônio Gonzaga

Gênero: Poesia satírica.

Contribuição: Escritas no contexto do Arcadismo, estas cartas satíricas criticam o governo colonial e representam a busca por liberdade e justiça. Embora tenham sido escritas por um autor luso-brasileiro, são importantes para o desenvolvimento da literatura luso-brasileira.

6. Marília de Dirceu (1792) – Tomás Antônio Gonzaga

Gênero: Poesia árcade.

Contribuição: Um dos maiores exemplos do Arcadismo português, essa obra explora temas bucólicos e amorosos, com influência da cultura clássica. É uma das obras mais influentes do período arcádico em língua portuguesa.

7. Viagens na Minha Terra (1846) – Almeida Garrett

Gênero: Romance, crônica de viagem.

Contribuição: Com esta obra, Garrett mistura o real e o fictício, criando um estilo inovador que influenciou a prosa romântica. Ele reflete sobre o Portugal contemporâneo, abrindo caminho para o Romantismo e para uma crítica social mais apurada.

8. O Amor de Perdição (1862) – Camilo Castelo Branco

Gênero: Romance romântico.

Contribuição: Esta obra é um marco do Romantismo português, sendo considerada um dos primeiros romances de grande popularidade. Camilo Castelo Branco explora temas de amor trágico e questões sociais, trazendo maior profundidade psicológica às personagens.

9. Folhas Caídas (1853) – Almeida Garrett

Gênero: Poesia romântica.

Contribuição: Considerado o ponto alto da poesia de Garrett, Folhas Caídas é uma obra de introspecção, explorando sentimentos pessoais e românticos, e influenciando a poética do período.

10. O Primo Basílio (1878) – Eça de Queirós

Gênero: Romance realista.

Contribuição: Com essa obra, Eça inicia uma crítica mordaz à sociedade portuguesa, consolidando o Realismo em Portugal. A escrita objetiva e irônica de Eça contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do romance moderno em língua portuguesa.

11. Os Maias (1888) – Eça de Queirós

Gênero: Romance realista.

Contribuição: Os Maias é uma das obras-primas do Realismo português e retrata com profundidade a decadência social e moral da alta sociedade lisboeta. Eça de Queirós expande os limites do romance ao criar uma narrativa crítica e envolvente.

12. O Crime do Padre Amaro (1875) – Eça de Queirós

Gênero: Romance realista.

Contribuição: Considerado o primeiro romance naturalista português, O Crime do Padre Amaro aborda temas como hipocrisia religiosa e problemas sociais, oferecendo uma análise incisiva da sociedade portuguesa.