#Addiction congress

[pshychiatrysummit]

Addiction therapy is a crucial component in the recovery process, providing individuals with the tools and support needed to overcome substance use disorders. It typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, counseling, and support groups, tailored to each person's unique needs. These therapies help individuals understand the underlying causes of their addiction, develop coping strategies, and build a supportive network for lasting recovery. Effective addiction therapy not only addresses the physical aspects of dependence but also focuses on emotional and psychological healing, empowering individuals to reclaim their lives and achieve long-term sobriety.

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"These calls for “getting tough” also generated debate and bitter exchanges between different groups claiming to represent African Americans. Some critics insisted that “law and order” operated as a euphemism for anti-black and anti–civil rights sentiments. Leonard De Champs, chairman of the Harlem Chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), excoriated the NAACP, calling it “oppressive and Nazi-like for its Fascist proposals regarding law and order in the streets of Harlem and New York City’s other Black communities.” He charged that

Vincent Baker’s love for mandated jail sentences and tightened-up parole procedures conclusively proves that the NAACP is an effective enemy of the 1.2 million Black people in this city.

Floyd McKissick, a longtime civil rights activist and another leader of CORE, claimed that the NAACP’s punitive recommendations reflected the interests of the black middle class. He wrote that

the arguments used in the report of the NAACP smack suspiciously of the Ronald Reagan-George Wallace school of repressive ‘law and order,’ at any cost. They appeal to the fears and prejudices of citizens who have even a little bit worth protecting.

He pointed to “a gap of understanding between middle class and poor Blacks along economic lines” and explained that

we should know by now that the addition of more white cops in the ghetto solves nothing. The ones who suffer more from such measures are the poor blacks; not necessarily the guilty ones.

Instead of harsher punishment, McKissick called for community control:

The ghetto must be safe for its citizens, but it cannot be made so by police state tactics. All efforts must be directed toward the ending of conditions which breed crime and chaos; all efforts much be directed toward the development of a Black-orientated, Black controlled law enforcement agency—an agency dedicated to the aid and protection of Black people, not to their suppression.

During this period, a host of community groups and organizations set up treatment programs, many of which received New York City and state funds, intended to be more directly accountable to thecommunities in which they were embedded. Some grew out of churches and established community groups, while others were connected to more radical political organizing. For example, in March 1969, eighty volunteers and twenty-two drug addicts took over a three-story building in Harlem and set up a drug-treatment program. They hoped to bring attention to “the inadequacy of the state’s narcotic program and the entire health program for the black people.” The addicts involved told the New York Times that they had faced a maze of waiting lists and applications in their efforts to secure treatment. One had never heard back from a program he had applied to three years earlier in 1966. The journalist reported that all of the patients interviewed complained that the state’s drug addiction programs were “more punishment than rehabilitation.” One addict asked if “I should turn myself in to the state and be locked up for rehabilitation.” They contrasted the civic degradation of the state treatment programs with guerrilla programs, claiming that in the latter, they “talk to you like a man, not a statistic—the people really want to help you and it makes you want to help yourself.” After a police eviction order, the center was closed and the patients transferred to an “underground hospital.” In subsequent years, other groups also established treatment programs. The Young Lords, a radical group dedicated to Puerto Ricans’ self-determination, were integral to establishing a detox program at Lincoln Hospital.

Drastic fluctuations in policing further intensified frustration within urban communities. In 1969, the city initiated a major intensification in street-level enforcement of drug markets. At a press conference in September, Mayor Lindsay announced that the police department intended to shift the narcotics division’s 500-person force to the pursuit of upper-level drug arrests and direct the entire remaining patrols to prioritize narcotic arrests at the street level. This sweep produced a considerable uptick in narcotics arrests in New York City: they jumped from 7,199 in 1967 to 26,378 in 1970. Then, in 1971, at a high point in the surge of heroin use, the NYPD abandoned their campaign of intensive street-level drug policing. Police officials claimed that the policy was ineffective and expensive and resulted in low conviction rates because the court system did not have the capacity to process the arrests. The result was a dramatic fall-off in arrests. New York City police conducted over 24,025 felony drug arrests in 1970, 18,694 in 1971, 10,370 in 1972, and 7,041 in 1973."

- Julilly Kohler-Hausmann, Getting Tough: Welfare and Imprisonment in 1970s America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017. p. 57-59.

[nappingpaperclip]

I just got a Spotify ad from meta that said Instagram is ‘working with congress to pass federal regulations on children 16 and younger’s ability to download apps of the App Store without their parental permission’

like they the app store already has age restrictions on every app and you have to have an icloud/google account with a birth date associated to download it… like there are already apps for parents to control kids phone time… like you can just teach your children about internet safety….

If your kid hides something from you it’s because you made them not trust you to handle it respectfully and fairly… how would they even enforce this? what kids need is not LESS rights from the government

maybe I’m being paranoid but I feel like stuff like this is somehow connected to either trans/gay rights (“protecting your children from being influenced on the internet”) or consumer privacy rights (how would they genuinely enforce this in a way they don’t already? ie making you put in your birthday or have an account with a birth date associated with it. are they gonna make u upload your id or something?)

[simonh]

Science of Compliance: Behavioral Research In Clinical Trials by National Library of Medicine Via Flickr: Alternate Title(s): Behavioral research in clinical trials Contributor(s): Gordis, Enoch, 1931- National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Medical Arts and Photography Branch. NIH Reunion Task Force. Compliance/Adherence Working Group. Publication: [Bethesda, Md. : Medical Arts and Photography Branch, National Institutes of Health, 1993] Language(s): English Format: Still image Subject(s): Alcoholism, Behavioral Research, Clinical Trials as Topic Genre(s): Posters Abstract: White poster with black print. Visual image consists of wavy strips of pink, blue, yellow, green, deep pink, and gray, the two shades of pink being much wider than the others. Details of the lecture are given along with the topic to be discussed--addictive diseases, alcoholism. Extent: 1 photomechanical print (poster) : 67 x 42 cm. Technique: color NLM Unique ID: 101456175 NLM Image ID: C02940 Permanent Link: resource.nlm.nih.gov/101456175

[antiprohibit]

Part II: The Financial Cost

As of 2023, the United States’ national debt has reached an astounding $34 trillion. This enormous figure reflects years of ineffective, wasteful fiscal policies, economic fluctuations, and substantial spending, particularly on the War on Drugs. Nixon’s war was aimed at reducing illegal drug use through strict enforcement and prohibition, but the result has been a bust. This article examines the…

[mellowgardenerblaze]

[mesetacadre]

latest political scandal in Spain if anyone's interested is that the spokesperson for the big progressive and feminist party has been accused by many women of being "psychopathic", "abusive", "sex addict", and a "manipulator" (quoting because that's the women's words, not that I'm scare-quoting). Anyway so he (Iñigo Errejón) stepped down this Thursday from every political position including his seat in Congress. The testimonials from the various accusations (some of which are more than a year old!) paint a horrible picture and it does look like he's a horrible person and raging misogynist. But do you know what the party (Sumar) decided to implement? They're going to get their party members to go through education courses. Do you think the party's spokesperson wasn't already educated? that one of the most prominent feminist men in the country didn't know enough about feminism? This is what happens when you treat misogyny as if it were a simple consequence of ignorance. Errejón was perfectly knowledgeable on feminism, the issue is very clearly that he was able to abuse that position of power to hurt many women, and even while the party was aware (because they had been aware for a long while), they protected him through obscurity. And the reason such a misogynist managed to get all the way up to being one of the most visible heads of the party is because their feminism, bourgeois feminism, is nothing but a tool. If they really had the interests of working women at heart they would not have protected him for the good of the party, and if they really did work towards a better country for women, a blatant misogynist would not be able to climb so high and be coddled by everyone else at the top.

[kawuli]

He was saying that voting as harm reduction is not a good metaphor, at least not for the people of Palestine. Trump can't do any worse than committing genocide because the Dems are already doing it quietly, he's just louder about it. We vote Kamala in and things will continue as they are, but we'll be happy because our rights are maintained. If Trump gets into office, people will live in discontent and be forced to protest against the Dem's liability and thus, their complicity in genocide

Dude, that is not how anything works.

For starters, Palestine is one of many places in the world and saying it's the only place that matters? is batshit.

Second, there was a whole hell of a lot of protesting under Trump and all of it was to keep things from getting worse. Obamacare is deeply flawed, but because Trump was president and the GOP controlled Congress, we had to fight like hell just to not lose it. If we have a Democratic President and Congress we can push to move forward. With a Republican administration we will push as hard as we can to limit the damage and we will fail on all kinds of fronts.

Third, the US government does not actually control the actions of foreign governments. There's a lot of other people in the world and they all have agency. The US President cannot fix the world by fiat even if they wanted to.

I am voting for Democrats - Harris/Walz, Ilhan Omar and Amy Klobuchar, nationally, because I believe those people will work to make life better for everyone. Their Republican opponents are going to try to make Minnesota, and the rest of the world less safe for trans people, people who can get pregnant, immigrants and refugees, Black people, and, to come back to the typical usage of harm reduction, drug addicts. Everyone who isn't a billionaire will suffer under a Republican government. Voting for Democrats is, on every level, an effort to reduce harm for everyone.

Harm reduction isn't a metaphor, it is literally what we are doing here.

[odinsblog]

Veterans’ health care


A 1996 law set eligibility requirements for military veterans to receive hospital, medical and nursing home care and authorized spending for those services and patient enrollment. That law has not been renewed, but Congress regularly allocates additional Department of Veterans Affairs funding and allows benefits to increase automatically based on inflation. VA provides medical care to more than 9.1 million enrolled veterans, according to the agency.
​

Drug development and opioid addiction treatment

Most of this spending relates to the bipartisan 21st Century Cures Act of 2016. That law provided money to the National Institutes of Health and Food and Drug Administration to modernize pharmaceutical research and medical trials. It funded research for cancer cures and state-level grants for opioid addiction and other substance abuse treatment.


​State Department

In 2003, Congress passed the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, which set policy priorities and created spending authority for the State Department. That law has not been renewed, but Congress every year since has passed annual funding bills for the department, which Trump has announced he’ll nominate Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Florida) to run.


​Housing assistance

President Bill Clinton in 1998 signed the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act, which overhauled federal housing assistance policies, including voucher programs and other antipoverty assistance. The Department of Housing and Urban Development and other agencies continue using this law to implement federal housing programs.


​Justice Department

In 1994, Congress passed the landmark Violence Against Women Act and has renewed it multiple times since. In 2006, lawmakers packaged a VAWA renewal with authorizing legislation for the Justice Department. As with the State Department, Congress has not approved new authorizing legislation for the Justice Department since, but it has funded the agency — and even authorized hundreds of millions of dollars more for a new FBI headquarters — every year.


​Education spending

The 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act delegated power to state and local education officials to set primary and secondary education achievement standards. It gives billions of dollars in federal grant money to state and local education officials to fund schools and school districts. Those standards are still used by the Education Department, even though the legislation has not been reauthorized. Trump has suggested he’d like to eliminate the entire department.

NASA

Stripping funding for NASA, which was last reauthorized in 2017, could spell doom for Musk’s commercial spaceflight firm, SpaceX. The company has contracts worth more than $4 billion — including for return trips to the moon and retiring the International Space Station — linked to programs approved in the 2017 law.


​Health-care and student loan programs

What’s known as the Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare, was actually passed in two separate bills in 2010. The Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act represents the second bill, which included some tax revisions and technical changes to the ACA. The law has not been reauthorized since, but the Department of Health and Human Services reported in March that more than 45 million people have health insurance coverage backed by the Affordable Care Act.

The law that made those final tweaks to the ACA also overhauled the Education Department’s student loan program. Where some schools relied on private lenders to issue federally backed loans, with this law, the government itself became the lender. That change has since enabled President Joe Biden to offer student loan debt relief, though many of his most ambitious policies have been blocked by the courts. Student loans are generally funded through mandatory spending — similar to social safety net programs such as Medicare and Social Security — and not subject to annual spending laws.


​International security programs

The 1985 International Security and Development Cooperation Act bundled together authorizations for a number of international security programs, including funding and regulations for arms sales to allies, economic aid for developing countries, airport security, anti-narcotics-trafficking policies, the Peace Corps and more. This Reagan-era law continues to be foundational to congressional funding and federal policy.


​Head Start

Head Start provides preschool education for children from low-income families. In the 2023 fiscal year, more than 800,000 children enrolled in Head Start programs, according to the National Head Start Association. The program also helped place more than 530,000 parents in jobs, school or job-training programs. It was last authorized in 2007.

(continue reading)

[fullhalalalchemist]

🚨🚨🚨Congress hiding behind "protecting" LGBTQ+ to push for censorship bills that would harm us

May 8, 2023

The EARN IT Act isn't the only bill Congress is rushing through this session that's secret goal is to censor and surveil Americans, especially queer ones.

KOSA (s.1409), or the Kid's Online Safety Act, is being hailed across the mainstream media and congress as the best bill to "protect children online from algorithmic harm" by essentially, blocking content that gives minors anxiety, depression, eating and substance abuse disorders, online bullying and harassment, sexual exploitation and abuse, suicidal behaviors, and addiction. It's gives the FTC, who are politically appointed by the president, and all 50 state attorney generals enforcement power to do this. As long as they can justify a website 'harmed' a minor by having content that leads to 'anxiety, sexual exploitation, and suicidal behaviors', they will push lawsuit over lawsuit to that site until it censors that content for the minor.

Oh, but that's not it, either. HOW will websites determine who is and isn't a minor? Well don't worry, because the bill says "age verification isn't required". That however does nothing to stop websites from pushing age verification. When they're about to be held liable and sued for millions, when there's an age verification lobby that has pushed these bills successfully in half the states, when websites should know "reasonably" that theres a minor, they are GOING to go for age verification. Multiple experts agree that this would happen.

Last year, nearly 100+ LGBT and human rights orgs sent a letter opposing KOSA. They were ignored and Senator Blumenthal (same guy who is pushing the EARN IT Act) met with different orgs to "update the language". Except nothing in the update language changes any of it's impact. Sure, they removed "grooming" from being a target of this bill and instead are focusing on "mental health". Except, the Missouri Attorneys General, in his emergency order banning gender affirming care, cited a number of medical studies effectively claiming that access to gender affirming care is causing young people to experience mental health issues. They will use ANY excuse to censor content.

This is the tumblr purge 2.0 but for the entire internet. It's just as bad as the EARN IT Act. And it has IMMENSE levels of support. You have the national Eating Disorder Coalition, child advocacy orgs, the freaking American Psychological Association, LIZZO!!!! supporting this. It needs IMMENSE levels of backlash from us, the grassroots, the people.

The best way to fight back is to CALL YOUR SENATORS. It's now going to go to the commerce committee for markup, after it will head to a vote. This is going to be fasttracked and most likely voted on this month or June. It's all hands on deck.

Link to call script to read off alongside numbers to call:

A bunch of petitions you can sign (takes less than 5 min)

Open Letter Against KOSA

Petition 1

Petition 2

Petition 3

Petition 4

Resistbot: Text PHJDYH to 50409

And more information here: Linktree

This is a great TLDR article to read: Vox Article

TLDR; Congress's new bill KOSA that has an immense amount of bipartisan support will lead to internet censorship by giving all state attorney generals, even the ones in Texas and Florida, power to sue websites for "harmful" content and decide what is "dangerous" for minors, force websites to make you upload your govt ID online, and lead to widespread abuse of queer youth. We have to fight back NOW or else we will see an internet-wide purge of any adult and queer content online, globally.

[pshychiatrysummit]

International Conference on

Addiction Therapy

Join the International Conference on Addiction Therapy

The International Conference on Addiction Therapy is a pivotal event designed for professionals, researchers, and advocates in the field of addiction recovery and mental health. This global platform fosters discussions on innovative treatments, preventive measures, and comprehensive care for individuals battling addiction.

Key Highlights

This year’s Addiction Therapy Conference promises a diverse agenda that delves into the complexities of addiction and its impact on society. Whether you're interested in treatment approaches, prevention strategies, or public policy, this conference has something for everyone.

Featured Sessions and Topics

Addiction Conference: Gain insights into the latest advancements in addiction science and therapy.

Drug Addiction Conference: Explore evidence-based interventions for combating drug addiction and promoting recovery.

Substance Abuse Conferences: Examine the multifaceted impact of substance abuse and its treatment options.

Social Media Addiction Conference: Address the growing concern of social media addiction and its psychological consequences.

Forensic Psychology Conference: Learn how addiction intersects with criminal behavior and legal frameworks.

Collaborative Events

This conference includes interactive forums and discussions that encourage collaboration and shared learning:

Addiction Symposium: Engage in deep-dive sessions with experts on the latest addiction therapies and research.

Addiction Meeting: Connect with professionals to discuss innovative treatment modalities and emerging trends.

Addiction Therapy Congress: Explore cutting-edge approaches in addiction therapy, from behavioral interventions to pharmacological treatments.

A Focus on Recovery

The conference emphasizes recovery as a cornerstone of its agenda. The Recovery Summit provides a platform to share personal stories, best practices, and emerging tools for sustainable recovery.

Specialized Tracks

Substance Use Conference: Analyze patterns of substance use and strategies to combat dependency effectively.

International Addiction Conference: Gain global perspectives on addiction treatment and policy development.

Addiction Therapy Events: Participate in workshops and panels designed to translate theory into practice.

Why Attend?

The Addiction Therapy Conference is more than just an event—it’s a movement to advance the science of addiction therapy and recovery. Attendees will benefit from:

Networking opportunities with global experts and peers.

Hands-on learning through workshops and case studies.

Access to the latest research and treatment innovations.

Organized by Psychiatry Summit

Brought to you by Psychiatry Summit, a leader in mental health conferences, this event is meticulously curated to provide an impactful and enriching experience for attendees.

Upcoming Conferences:

Addiction conference Spain | Addiction symposium | Drug addiction conference | Addiction therapy congress Spain | Addiction Therapy Events | Recovery summit | Substance use conference | International addiction conference | Forensic psychology conference | Social media addiction conference |  Substance abuse conferences Spain | Addiction meeting | Addictive Disorders Congress | Drug Addiction conferences 2025 | Addiction Therapy Meetings | Social Media Addiction Summits | Addiction Rehabilitation Meetings | Addiction Recovery Symposium | Addiction Counselling Events | Pathophysiology Addiction Conferences | Substance Abuse Conferences 2025 |Psychosomatic Medicine colloquium | Addiction Therapy Seminars 2025 | Psychiatry Summit | Psychology Events 2025 | Psychiatry Symposiums | Psychology Conferences | Psychiatry Workshops 2025 Spain

Be a Part of the Solution

If you’re passionate about addressing addiction and promoting recovery, the International Conference on Addiction Therapy is the place to be. Join us to shape the future of addiction treatment and make a lasting impact on individuals and communities worldwide.

Register today and take the first step toward transforming lives!

[republicansaredomesticterrorists]

“Today, I signed a pardon for my son Hunter. From the day I took office, I said I would not interfere with the Justice Department’s decision-making, and I kept my word even as I have watched my son being selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted. Without aggravating factors like use in a crime, multiple purchases, or buying a weapon as a straw purchaser, people are almost never brought to trial on felony charges solely for how they filled out a gun form. Those who were late paying their taxes because of serious addictions, but paid them back subsequently with interest and penalties, are typically given non-criminal resolutions. It is clear that Hunter was treated differently.

The charges in his cases came about only after several of my political opponents in Congress instigated them to attack me and oppose my election. Then, a carefully negotiated plea deal, agreed to by the Department of Justice, unraveled in the court room — with a number of my political opponents in Congress taking credit for bringing political pressure on the process. Had the plea deal held, it would have been a fair, reasonable resolution of Hunter’s cases.

No reasonable person who looks at the facts of Hunter’s cases can reach any other conclusion than Hunter was singled out only because he is my son — and that is wrong. There has been an effort to break Hunter — who has been five and a half years sober, even in the face of unrelenting attacks and selective prosecution. In trying to break Hunter, they’ve tried to break me — and there’s no reason to believe it will stop here. Enough is enough.

For my entire career I have followed a simple principle: just tell the American people the truth. They’ll be fair-minded. Here’s the truth: I believe in the justice system, but as I have wrestled with this, I also believe raw politics has infected this process and it led to a miscarriage of justice — and once I made this decision this weekend, there was no sense in delaying it further. I hope Americans will understand why a father and a President would come to this decision.”

👏👏👏

[meret118]

“It’s really a dangerous slippery slope when we have legislation that interferes with what we know to be evidence-based medicine.”

When Dr. Veronica Gillispie-Bell, a board-certified OB-GYN based in New Orleans, walks into a hospital room to deliver a baby, one of the first things she does is ask the nurse on duty, “Do we have our hemorrhage meds?”Postpartum hemorrhage, or severe bleeding after childbirth, is a leading—but preventable—cause of maternal death in the US and around the world. It occurs in an estimated 1 to 5 percent of pregnancies. For doctors like Gillispie-Bell, who has testified before Congress about the Black maternal mortality crisis, having medications on hand to treat patients immediately is critical to saving lives. Until last week, those drugs included misoprostol, which also happens to be one of the two pills used in medication abortion.

But obtaining access to the drug has suddenly become far more complicated. On October 1, Louisiana—which has a near-total ban on abortion—became the first state to officially begin classifying misoprostol and mifepristone, the other drug in the standard abortion pill regimen, as schedule IV controlled substances. The new law threatens anyone who possesses the medications without a prescription—except for pregnant women themselves—with up to five years in prison and a $5,000 fine.To say that this designation—the same one applied to opioids and other addictive drugs—is without scientific or medical merit is an understatement. More than 100 studies have found that mifepristone and misoprostol offer a safe and effective way to terminate a pregnancy. As I reported earlier this year, that includes a study showing that abortion pills are just as safe and effective when prescribed via telemedicine and mailed to patients as when prescribed and dispensed in person.

In a letter to state Sen. Thomas Pressly, the Republican behind the new law, hundreds of doctors—including Gillispie-Bell—pointed out that mifepristone and misoprostol don’t have addictive potential or high rates of negative side effects, but do have important medical benefits, including managing miscarriages, preventing ulcers, and inducing labor.

[ilovedig]

Things I learned from this fabulous doc

Harry's life was rough from the very beginning, think what we know about Ringo and John's childhoods but worse

His addictions were his downfall and everything I learned about them was more heartbreaking than the previous thing

He wrote many of the songs I know and love but I didn't know he wrote them.

He was almost a true household name, which brings us back to number 2

It is an absolute tragedy we never got him and Paul on a song together

He and Ringo were definitely more than friends. Every time anyone tries to explain his and Ringo's relationship, they take a long pause before giving some semi g rated description.

This is probably the best glimpse we will ever see into Ringo's addictions

Not the only relationship he had that didn't seem wholely platonic. The way Richard Perry talks about him certainly suggests something.

When John was murdered he basically gave up his music career in favor of being a gun control activist, even lobbying in front of congress

His friends REALLY don't understand or care about the importance of fighting for what you believe in and activism or at least not gun control activism, and it makes me really think about why Paul didn't become as diehard of an activist as Harry. Did he not want to or was he talked out of it....

Overall the movie was incredible, probably one of the best Beatles related docs I've seen, ever.

I know that it's only one point of view and of course it's not the whole story, but damn did they do a good job giving the POV they gave.

I highly recommend this movie to anyone who wants to know more about our boys and their lovers and friends.

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Ed Pilkington at The Guardian:

Joe Biden has carried out the largest act of presidential clemency on a single day in modern US history, commuting the sentences of almost 1,500 people and pardoning 39 Americans convicted of non-violent crimes. In a statement issued on Thursday, the White House said that Biden’s sweeping act of clemency was designed to “help reunite families, strengthen communities, and reintegrate individuals back into society”. The almost 1,500 commutations ordered by the president all relate to people who were released from prisons and placed in home confinement during the Covid pandemic. Thousands of prisoners were released to their homes as an emergency measure under the Cares Act to prevent the rapid spread of coronavirus through federal prisons. Each individual included in the new commutations had been serving their sentences at home for at least a year and had shown they were reunited with their families and were committed to rehabilitation, the White House said. “These commutation recipients have successfully reintegrated into their families and communities and have shown that they deserve a second chance,” they continued. The commutations come at a time when Republicans in Congress have been pressing to send thousands of federal prisoners on home release back behind bars. Criminal justice reformers have protested that the home release program has been highly successful, with a rate of new offending at a mere fraction of the overall recidivism rate in federal prisons. Under the commutations, the almost 1,500 Americans will retain their convictions but have their sentences reduced. The 39 people pardoned by Biden have had their guilty verdicts wholly erased.

The White House said the 39 were all individuals convicted of non-violent crimes, including drug offenses. Among them were a woman who led emergency response teams during natural disasters; a church deacon who had worked as an addiction and youth counsellor; a doctoral student in molecular biosciences; and a decorated military veteran.

President Joe Biden (D) issues around 1,500 sentence commutations and 39 pardons of non-violent crimes in the largest single-acts of clemency.