#2D Materials Report

[mohitbisresearch]

The global 2D materials market is projected to reach $4,000.0 million by 2031 from $526.1 million in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 25.3% during the forecast period 2022-2031.

The demand for 2D materials is anticipated to grow with the increasing demand from the end-use industries such as composite and coatings, energy storage devices, electronics, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, and others.

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Furthermore, it is anticipated that during the projected period of 2022-2031, the increasing adoption of 2D materials in the healthcare industry and the increasing adoption of non-graphene 2D materials such as Mxene, TMDCs, Hexagonal boron nitride, and others are expected to further fuel the advancement of the global 2D materials market. However, the high cost of production is anticipated to hinder market growth in the upcoming future.

[123567-9qaaq9]

2 D Materials Market, Market Size, Market Share, Key Players | BIS Research

2D materials are substances that are just a few atoms thick, usually one layer. The most famous 2D material is graphene, discovered in 2004 by physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, which led to a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, with incredible mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties.

The 2D materials market is projected to reach $4,000.0 million by 2031 from $526.1 million in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 25.3% during the forecast period 2022-2031.

2 D Materials Overview

2 D Materials   focus on addressing the environmental, social, and economic challenges associated with mining activities while ensuring long-term resource availability.

Key components of Sustainable Mining

Reducing energy consumption

Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions

Conserving water

Market Segmentation 

1 By Application 

•    Metallic Minerals

Industrial Metals

Precious Metals

Iron Ore

•    Non-Metallic Minerals

Coal

Others

By Process 

Underground Mining Surface Mining

By Mining Equipment 

•    Drill Rigs

•    Bolters

•    Dozers

•    Loaders

By Energy Source

1 Battery 

 Lithium-Ion Battery

 Lead Acid Battery 

 Others

2 Hydrogen Fuel Cell

3 Bio-Fuel 

By Region 

North America - U.S., Canada, and Mexico

Europe - Germany, Russia, Sweden, Spain, and Rest-of-Europe

China

U.K.

Download the report and get more information @ 2 D Materials Market 

.Major Key Players  

•    NanoXplore Inc.

•    Cabot Corporation

•    Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd.

•    Ossila Ltd

•    ACS Material LLC

Download the sample page click here @ 2 D Materials Market 

Demand – Drivers and Limitations

The following are the demand drivers for the global 2D materials market:

•    Growing adoption of 2D materials in energy storage •    Strong growth of 2D materials in the healthcare industry •    Growing demand for transparent conductive films in electronics industry

The market is expected to face some limitations as well due to the following challenges:

•    Lack of large-scale production of high-quality graphene •    High cost of production

Recent Developments in the Global 2D Materials Market

• In September 2021, Colloids Limited introduced a new infrastructure for customized polymeric materials using its ground-breaking graphanced graphene masterbatch advanced technologies. Due to its extraordinary qualities, graphene has attracted a lot of attention. Additionally, it has exceptional mechanical characteristics as well as superior thermal and electrical permeability.

• In December 2021, Black Swan Graphene Inc. signed a legally enforceable letter of intent to purchase Dragonfly Capital Corp., in a backward merger agreement for $31.5 million. On December 13, 2021, Black Swan Graphene Inc. and Dragonfly Capital Corp. agreed to exchange shares in an opposite merger transaction. Stockholders of Black Swan would then obtain 15.2 consideration shareholdings for every ordinary Black Swan share they own.

Challenges in the 2D Materials Market

Despite the excitement surrounding 2D materials, there are notable challenges that the industry must overcome:

Scalability of Production: Producing high-quality 2D materials at scale remains a challenge. Researchers are exploring various methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), but the cost and complexity of manufacturing must be addressed for widespread adoption.

Integration into Existing Technologies: For 2D materials to be fully integrated into mainstream applications, they must seamlessly work with existing materials and processes. Compatibility issues with traditional manufacturing methods could slow down the transition.

Cost of Raw Materials and Processing: Currently, the cost of producing 2D materials is relatively high. Developing cost-effective manufacturing techniques is crucial for making these materials economically viable.

The Future of 2D Materials

As the 2D materials market continues to evolve, we are likely to see a wave of disruptive innovations across multiple sectors. With ongoing research, improved production techniques, and increasing investment, these materials could fundamentally reshape industries ranging from electronics to energy and healthcare.

While challenges remain, the unique properties of 2D materials offer unprecedented opportunities for technological advancement. The next few years will be crucial in determining how quickly and effectively these materials can be integrated into real-world applications, but one thing is certain: 2D materials are poised to revolutionize the future of advanced materials.

Key Questions 

Q What are the main bottlenecks for scaling up 2D materials, and how can they be overcome?

Q  Where do you see the greatest need for additional R&D efforts?

Q How does the supply chain function in the global 2D materials market for end users?

Q  What are the key business and corporate strategies of 2D material manufacturers involved in the global 2D materials market?

Q What are the advantages of the emerging 2D materials that are entering the market, and how are they used in various applications?

Q Which applications (by end user) and products (by material type) segments are leading in terms of consumption of the 2D materials market, and which of them are expected to witness high demand growth during 2022-2031?

Q  Which regions and countries are leading in terms of consumption of the global 2D materials market, and which of them are expected to witness high demand growth during 2021-2031? 

Q What are the most promising opportunities for furthering the efficiency of 2D materials?

Q How has COVID-19 impacted the 2D materials market across the globe?

Q How the semiconductor crisis impacted the 2D materials market?

Conclusion 

The 2D materials market is set to grow exponentially as more industries recognize the potential of these atom-thin materials. With ongoing advancements in production techniques, new discoveries of 2D materials, and innovative applications across sectors, the future looks incredibly promising. 

[carionto]

Humans and Boredom II

The planet cracker.

A devilish name that somehow still does not do this type of Human ship justice. Arrays of massive gravity hooks capable of tearing out kilometers wide and deep chunks of mass from any celestial object one of them decides to settle in orbit of.

The process is slow and tedious and, luckily, unsuitable for any practical military application, but unimaginably rewarding nonetheless. Once a chunk has been lifted, a fleet of harvester drones meticulously tears it further apart and separates into individual minerals and any other categorizable substances. From there the internal refineries of the planet cracker process them further into more usable metals, alloys, resins, and countless other resources. Finally, another fleet of transport ships ferry those back to where they are needed.

The land based production capacity of an entire (small) planet, with a single (albeit metropolis sized) ship, crewed by no more than a hundred Humans and thousands of drones.

One of these immense beasts - The Hardy Gal - was stationed around one of Saturn's moons - Epimetheus - that was recently voted out of the global popularity contest "Who's Even Heard of This One?" and thus sentenced to become part of the Dyson Ring.

The drone fleet that was supposed to be tearing up the unfortunate little moon, however, was recently recalled for refitting after a report showed a key part was manufactured using an outdated guideline by a suspiciously licensed corporation, that was also caught up in an unrelated embezzlement scandal.

Suffice to say that chief Gravity Master Boris Fruischtyen didn't have much to do. Laws and regulations do not permit any unsupervised extraction results to just be left in orbit. Oh no, can't preemptively arrange chunks for processing later, nope, "efficiency? what's that?". *sigh* Lift, hold, harvest, repeat.

Boris would have nothing to do, except the gravity hook arrays were a set of fifty per array, and The Hardy Gal had eight arrays. Four hundred individually aim-able and moveable chunks of matter.

While his day job was not very productive for now, his social media activity shot through the roof. There's a lot you can draw with four hundred "pixels" and the literal cosmos as your canvas and backdrop.

His personal favorites were water features and creatures set against the blue of Saturn, and he arranged quite a few of the extinct whales and penguins too. Additionally, every day he would fulfill one of the audiences top ranking requests.

Through these he discovered he has a fascinatingly good sense for flower compositions, especially from unusual angles. It's odd. He's only ever seen flowers in images and videos, perhaps lacking actual real life flowers to compare to allows his imagination to fill in the gaps in a way referencing factual knowledge would limit him. Who knows.

Despite having access to a three dimensional canvas, he preferred to keep things flat.

"What can I say, 2D is better. *chuckle*"

However, that doesn't mean he keeps things simple. The gravity hooks are quite good at selective manipulation, they have to be to target certain spots beneath a whole lot of other matter (which is then raised alongside the "elevator" matter). He demonstrated how the same image can look wildly different if you just change the "pixels" from squares to spheres, or how certain material compositions change color when squeezed more densely.

His personal favorite part is the finishing touch. After he's had a drone go out and stream his latest piece from plenty of angles for the viewers, he gives the whole image a simultaneous and gentle push back towards the moon. After a few touching hours of people in chat saying farewell, sharing personal stories and just asking questions Boris is always happy to answer, the image impacts the surface where the majority of parts were extracted from in a spectacular show of minor impacts and a shower of debris. Too bad it doesn't have an atmosphere, just imagine how cool it'd look burning up on reentry.

[live-emotion]

Live Emotion Review from 4Gamer Part 1 - Rhythm Game

Lots of new info and images.

4Gamer has released a full report detailing the gameplay experience of Live Emotion. You can see their full report in Japanese on their official website.

Part 2 - Story Part 3 - Home Screen and MiniPri

Song Selection:

Some of the initially available songs are:

My Cutie... Drive me Crazy - Lv14, Sing attribute (pink icon).

OVER THE TOP - Lv16, Sing attribute

Michibiki Hikari - Lv12, Charm attribute (yellow icon)

KIR☆MEKI EMOTION - Lv19, Sing attribute,

SONG LETTER - Lv.17, Dance attribute (blue icon)

GLORIOUS ANGELS - Lv16(?), Charm attribute

Maji Love 1000% - RAINBOW STAR ver.- Lv14, Charm attribute

QUARTET☆NIGHT - Lv.??, Sing attribute.

At the bottom left of the image are various filters and search functions for songs. On the right are details for the selected song. In this case displaying the members that sing Kirameki Emotion, buttons underneath to check your ranking (the other has kanji I cant make out, potentially 'completion rewards'), and the option to swap between MV options (detailed later).

Song Difficulty:

Each song has four difficulties; Easy, Normal, Hard, and Expert.

Each difficulty has different amounts of lanes that notes will approach on. 2 on Easy, 4 on Normal, and 6 on Hard and Expert.

The song's 'Lv' refers to how hard it is in the chosen difficulty. For example, a Lv19 song on Hard will be harder than a Lv16 song on Hard.

Music Video Options:

Shots from each group's Live Emotion Theme Song MV showcasing alternate outfits. Likely from an initial set of Normal or Rare Pieces.

Not every song has a Music Video (MV). For songs that do, you can choose between:

2D/No MV - A static stage background. Or, in Live settings, the player can set up to 7 still illustrations as the background so you can still look at your favourite idol (presumably like this Kira above?)

Normal 3D - Unknown. Possibly a static front facing camera version of the MV.

Rich 3D - Also unknown, but maybe this is the versions of the MVs we've seen so far with different camera angles.

Clearing Songs:

Clearing a song with an MV unlocks Live Viewing, allowing you to watch the MV whenever you like.

Clearing any song will also reward you with materials needed to level up Pieces, and raise the Level and Affection of Emotional Pieces used.

It will also add a stamp to a point card called the 'Music Card'. Once the Music Card is fully stamped you can unlock a new song and the Music Card will reset. There will be different amounts of stamps added to the Card depending on conditions met.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Specially designed transistors allow researchers to 'hear' defects in a promising nanomaterial

An international research team led by NYU Tandon School of Engineering and KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) has pioneered a new technique to identify and characterize atomic-scale defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a two-dimensional (2D) material often dubbed "white graphene" for its remarkable properties. This advance could accelerate the development of next-generation electronics and quantum technologies. The team reported that it was able to detect the presence of individual carbon atoms replacing boron atoms in hBN crystals. This discovery was made possible by listening to the electronic "noise" in specially designed transistors, akin to hearing a whisper in a quiet room.

Read more.

[whaliiwatching]

How DO you think universe signatures work? I don't think I've seen many theories or discussions on it but I also haven't been looking for them either

HOHOOO UNIVERSE SIGNATURES. ok. as i was rewatching scenes so i could write this, my theories fucking blinked out of existence :) there is as much consistency to universe signatures as there is to the atsv timeline.

alright lets see how incoherent this gets

btw i’m not using the word ‘dimension.’ incorrect scientific terminology in an animated spider man comic movie franchise about the multiverse? couldn’t be me. i already let them keep their holograms*

itsv came out in 2018 and is reported to have taken four years to make. in 2014, we couldn’t have made atsv; the technology hadn’t been developed, because there wasn’t yet a movie to demand it. (usually when the question comes up during production, the team has to invent an answer. like animating violet’s hair in the incredibles in 2004, or water in finding nemo in 2003, or fur for sully in the monsters inc movies, or the entire animation process of 2019’s klaus, or reflections on the cars in cars—) this, combined with itsv being set entirely in miles’s own universe, means that the b team’s (noir, peni, ham) universe signatures changing between universes can be attributed to 1. less worldbuilding than atsv and 2. lack of technological ability in 2014-2018 (no diss to the og animators obviously, itsv is fucking gorgeous)

but that’s a boring doylist analysis. i wonder if we can get watsonian. atsv, which was likely produced from 2017 or so to 2023, explores four more universes, rather than sticking to miles’s. surely it’ll have more answers!

i went through the entire movie to see what changes. not gonna bore y’all with a scene to scene analysis, so i’ll summarize: the only person who substantially differs between dimensions is gwen (abstract in E-65, solid but still pastel in E-1610, slightly more painted in E-50101, abstract again in E-928 during emotional scenes). hobie’s collage changes to match the tone or color palette of the universe around him, but doesn’t take on its signature. other than that, the only effect any universe has on every character is with its light, and the only effect to overpower a universe signature is a portal.

let’s pretend that in an infinite multiverse, such a thing as a standard can be set, and that standard is Comic Style. comparing it to itsv, where peni and ham gained depth from previously 2d-esque universes, it seems as though some things don’t change—general color palette and extreme stylistic divergences from the aforementioned standard, eg when atsv peni is styled in 2d—and some change universally—like universe-specific volumetric light, eg in itsv when E-1610’s halftone-style light gives peni depth and in atsv when E-928’s holographic-style light does the same in a different way.

then portals. they distort the space around them in their style of origin: organic portals always have miles’s universe’s signature because that’s where they were born; any portal opened with an E-928 watch has miguel’s orange holographic hexagon, no matter who uses them or where they open to; portals opened with hobie’s homemade watch are always collage, though they take on the color palette of the universe they’re opened in. that means portals have to be watch-specific, prolly based on the materials’ universe of origin, but in that case, hobie’s would look a lot like miguel’s since he harvested most if not all of the parts from E-928. so it has to be specific to either the person who made it or the universe it was made in.

but neither of those make sense! the degree of separation from universe/person that apparently applies to the watches doesn’t apply to items left in other universes. E-1610’s rubik’s cube retains its color and volume in noir’s universe, but the sweater gwen leaves on miles’s bed isn’t abstract, and the shoes she nicked from E-138 aren’t scrappy. even hobie’s watch is rendered in strangely crisp 3d, brightly colored and noticeably not collage.

and of course, both universe-specific light theory and portals-overpower-all theory aren’t totally consistent. hobie’s only properly illuminated when he’s in his base colors. but maybe that’s a quirk of atsv? he doesn’t glitch like paper in the radius of a portal—renaissance vulture didn’t glitch like paper either, maybe that’s just how glitching works! maybe it’s always that tv-signal-bright blocky mess! maybe there is one concrete rule in all this!!!!!

noir’s universe (during his intro scene, at least) comprises of three solid colors: black, light gray, and white, and volume/shadow is communicated through the intensity of halftone used. in itsv and in atsv he’s always in black and white, no matter the color of the light around him. he’s also the ONLY CHARACTER who glitches differently. noir breaks down in black and white!! when the team is lit up by gwen’s portal in atsv’s final scene he’s the only one not distorting in color!!!!! what the fuck man!!!!!!!!!

there isn’t one cohesive multiversal rule for how universe signatures act and interact with different universes, much as i’d love to have one. it raises too many questions and doesn’t give quite enough evidence to study. the closest i can theorize is color/style generally sticks and lighting/spatial physics generally doesn’t, and since that’s relatively simple, i’ll use it. gwen gets her photo-booth-app watercolors and peni/pav/ham/noir get just a little more rendered.

theories i have seen floating around that i also enjoy

gwen’s universe requires people to be in tune with it, to reflect their emotions—implying that the floaty abstract art during her scene with her father is diagetic. so when she’s not in her universe, she’s not like her universe.

hobie’s universe signature necessitates that he doesn’t conform to any other style

on that note, so would ham’s, because cartoon logic defeats reality logic

hope you enjoyed!! or at least were amused by my suffering <3

*do not get me started on holograms

[zvaigzdelasas]

Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the world of semiconductors, the South China Morning Post (SCMP) reports. Just one atom thick (thereby termed "2D"), the new 12-long (30.5 cm) wafers can be cheaply and potentially revolutionize the semiconductor industry, its creators claim. While more work is needed to turn them into usable microchips, the new wafers could complement, even challenge, traditional silicon chips. Due to its thinness, the new 2D material exhibits superior semiconducting properties. However, the team of scientists faced challenges when it came to scaling up the size of the wafers and producing them in large quantities. “We proved to the industry that this is scientifically feasible and instilled confidence. If there are industrial demands in the future, progress in this field will advance by leaps and bounds,”  study lead Professor Liu Kaihui of Peking University told SCMP in an exclusive interview. As reported in a study published in Science Bulletin, the new wafers offer some critical improvements over existing silicon chips. “When silicon transistors are made thinner, their [voltage control] becomes worse. Current will exist even when the device is not working. This brings extra energy costs and heat generation,” Liu explained. The new 2D material comprises crystalline solids with one or several atom layers. Due to its naturally atomic-level thickness, the wafers possess unique physical properties and have potential applications in high-performance electronic devices. “A transistor built from a single layer of MoS2, [a typical 2D material] with a thickness of about one nanometre, outperforms the one made with the same thickness of silicon many times,” Liu added. [...] to date, scientists have struggled to fabricate 2D material wafers with high uniformity and device performance, even though 2D materials can exist separately at each layer. The new wafers can be stacked layer by layer, including materials such as graphene or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum diselenide, and tungsten diselenide.

28 Aug 23

[best-underrated-anime]

Best Underrated Anime Group E Round 2: #E1 vs #E2

#E1: Dead people are revived with souls from the future. Hilarity and angst ensue.

#E2: Psychic girl is adopted by Yakuza. Hijinks ensue.

Details and poll under the cut!

#E1: Are You Ok (You Yao)

Summary:

People from the modern world transmigrating (Chinese version of isekai) into the ancient Chinese fantasy world has become a common and everyday occurrence that the royal court in the latter has decided to moderate them. If you’re a transmigrator, you must report your existence to Lou Zhu, the master of Best Tower. Once you pass his test and prove that you are indeed a modern person, you can then be assigned to work in different areas of the government and be given a high salary.

Because of this promised benefit, many impostors have showed up before Lou Zhu. And one day, Zuo Yunqi shows up for this test. Is he an impostor, or is he an actual modern person?

But some transmigrators also choose to hide their existence out of distrust in the government. Where are they? And with their advanced knowledge on science and technology, what are they planning in the dark?

Propaganda:

The setting is a genius mix of ancient and modern. Lou Zhu’s tower looks like an ancient Chinese building on the outside, but on the inside it’s like a hotel, complete with different entertainment venues and even a milk tea shop! And of course, what’s a hotel without an elevator? But since electricity isn’t invented yet, it’s just powered by different men (in fancy uniforms) on bicycles.

You’d expect that the locals would have some amount of horror, sadness, and grief over dead people coming back to life and moving and talking as if nothing has happened. Except there isn’t; at least, not much. They’ve gotten used to it. Life still has to go on, so why not enjoy it?

On one hand, You Yao shows us the transmigrators’ lives and how they cope in this unfamiliar world. Often in isekai/transmigration stories, the locals are portrayed as “backward” and “ignorant” to highlight the modern character’s supposed intelligence. But in You Yao, the two parties have an equal relationship. Transmigrators still have to follow the laws set by the Emperor, and their modern knowledge doesn't always prove to be useful. Unless they can invent novel things despite limited materials, their knowledge often fails to set them apart. I mean, what are you gonna do when you’re an art student whose only talent is drawing p*rn but people expect you to cook??? Or how about when you’re literate in Simplified Chinese but can’t read the locals’ Traditional Chinese text? Or what about when your soul ends up in the body of a mosquito instead???

Even with a high salary from the Emperor, being a transmigrator is not that easy. And as the show unfolds, we find that there’s more to them than comedic figures. 

On the other hand, You Yao is also about the locals and how they have to adapt to their fast-changing world. My favorite among them is Lin Kai. He has fully embraced the changes that he’s become akin to a transmigrator in his knowledge of the modern world. He’s not prominent in the novel, but the donghua treated him with a full musical sequence when he was about to confess to his crush 😂. As the only straight character, they probably had to highlight his love story to let the BL go under the radar—Oh, have I mentioned this show is a BL with several pairs?

Chinese censorship won’t allow the gay to be explicit, but they managed to still make it very fruity. The s1 ending song is literally about the second pair, Li Ke and Zhou Rongqi (aka Prince Yu).

Then there’s the animation style, which is a hybrid of 2D and 3D CGI. People not used to 3D anime may wince at this, but it’s actually common in China. You Yao’s style works quite well for it, too, giving it a distinctive flair.

To sum it up, You Yao is a compelling show that deconstructs the isekai/transmigration genre. If you’re after comedy with depth and an overarching plot, this is the show for you. There’s also some gay romantic angst sprinkled throughout, giving you lots of materials for fanfiction 😎

Trigger warnings: Guns, kidnapping, and imprisonment. Nothing too dark, though.

#E2: Hinamatsuri

Summary:

While reveling in the successful clinching of a prized vase for his collection, Yoshifumi Nitta, a yakuza member, is rudely interrupted when a large, peculiar capsule suddenly materializes and falls on his head. He opens the capsule to reveal a young, blue-haired girl, who doesn't divulge anything about herself but her name—Hina—and the fact that she possesses immense powers. As if things couldn't get any worse, she loses control and unleashes an explosion if her powers remain unused. Faced with no other choice, Nitta finds himself becoming her caregiver.

Propaganda 1:

Hinamatsuri is about…

Hina, who is a psychic metaphor for autism ala Mob but imo better. She’s not only a weirdgirl who’s friends are almost all other strange girls, but she’s also into stuff that is just so either unfitting for her age or she’s just really intense about.

Nitta, who deserves all the fangirls and husbando-ing that every other random guy in anime gets. He’s a bachelor who loves pottery and can cook so well that Hina convinces her friends they have a gourmet chef working for them. He’s also a yakuza and is beloved by the aniki for being incredibly tough and scary. (He is gentle as hell with Hina.)

A bunch of other weird girls (Admin: this part of the propaganda has been cut due to possible spoilers)

Propaganda 2:

Hinamatsuri is an absolutely hilarious anime with some of the best comic timing I’ve ever seen. It’s so funny, the various girls are such nonsense.

Hina starts as a violent blank slate and develops into a lazy greedy horrible little gremlin. Anzu starts as a prideful edgy rival but eventually becomes a wholesome overly grateful insecure mess. Hitomi is forced to become more and more competent, independent, and adult because she can't stand up for herself and say no to people asking her for favors.

Nitta is a fantastic viewpoint character because he outwardly takes so much in stride that it’s easy to forget how annoyed and stressed everything makes him until he snaps.

Trigger Warnings: There is child nudity, but only for a Terminator reference. There is some comedic child neglect and slapstick. There is a child who is homeless, but it’s treated very sensitively.

When reblogging and adding your own propaganda, please tag me @best-underrated-anime so that I’ll be sure to see it.

If you want to criticize one of the shows above to give the one you’re rooting for an advantage, then do so constructively. I do not tolerate groundless hate or slander on this blog. If I catch you doing such a thing in the notes, be it in the tags or reblogs, I will block you.

Know one of the shows above and not satisfied with how they’re presented in this tournament? Just fill up this form, where you can submit revisions for taglines, propaganda, trigger warnings, and/or video.

[kerubimcrepin]

Episode 22 - The Giant Ploomers (part 1)

Very glad to report that I am writing this liveblog from my pc yet again.

It's so nice to see him doing some actual work, instead of just Fucking Around.

Kittyyyyy.

I know that it's cartoon logic, and all, but like... It's so unserious that she is made fun of for this to me.

If I saw these in real life, I would think, "these people have a REALLY weird carpet that's made from the same fabric as underwear. And that's okay."

A kids cartoon being unrealistic. Smh, smh...

Guy who just realized he admitted to a weird fucking thing that most people would NOT understand. Including me. Because I don't understand.

Also, this entire moment is a Certified Kerubim Face Journey by far. There are like 20 different expressions here.

He is so... weird. And I both detest and love him for it.

Coward Simone vs. Joris, the bravest warrior of the World of Twelve.

Lou's birthday is somewhere in the summer. Quite funny, considering Joris's is in winter. That's two characters we can pinpoint (though, I wouldn't call "knowing the exact date of Joris's birth" pinpointing, but I digress.)

For some reason, I have so many Emotions about this goddamned tower being a reoccurring location for Lou and Kerubim.

It's a nice little spot, yeah, but through being a nice little spot, it gained ~emotional significance~

(Guy who thinks a lot voice)

I like it that Kerubim even as a young little boy has unrestricted access to huppermage materials that he's probably read. Bit of a win for the "Kerubim studied necromancy" truthers among us.

His ideas of gifts are "skull" and "spellbook"

Ouughughgh (keels over) do you think he chooses gifts for Joris's birthday like that too.

This spellbook is so cringe for immediately falling apart in his paws. What if I wanted to see Kerubim interact with Forbidden Materials, hm?

Cats are Liquid is an indie 2D platformer game from 2015, it is about depression, and it is available for free on Google Play.

I know it's very obvious, especially with bands being a thing, but records are a thing in the World of Twelve. Which is cool.

...God, you have no idea how hard it is not to use this moment to plug my character playlists for Kerubim, Joris, and Atcham.

This you?

This you?

This you - this you - this you?

Anyway, hot take, but:

I think this episode takes place before Dance Against Boowolves due to him becoming a bit okay with girly things in it.

Next time you say that Atom is the first nonbinary character in Krosmoz, remember Kerubim. You're making her sad.

If someone did this to me, ripping this shit off instead of peeling them slowly and gently, I would do unspeakable evils onto them.

She is a very patient and gentle soul for simply beating them up.

A fate worse than death, Keke. A fate worse than death.

[princess-of-the-corner]

Toontown: Corporate Clash Recap: Barnacle Boatyard Sidetasks (Part 1)

First and foremost, a correction: Winn Dos is a mouse, not a koala. She’s only ever appeared in supplementary materials as a 2D drawing, and as such is fluffy enough to look like the in-game koala model. She has never physically appeared in-game, only communicating with the players through blog posts and in-game alerts.

Also, I forgot to mention that Penny Pinchers have a signature attack now:

Penny Pinch: The Penny Pincher yoinks a penny from the pocket of a single Toon, dealing some damage.

Okay, now for the sidetasks!

Pilfering Propellers

To start this task, you have to speak with N.D. Skye in Island, You Land! Airplanes on Anchor Avenue.

N.D. Skye does not have an article on the Corporate Clash wiki, and it’s impossible to review task dialogue for Tasks you’ve already turned in in-game, so this is mostly going off of what I can remember.

First, N.D. Skye asks you to get 3 Propellers from Glad Handers in Barnacle Boatyard. I can’t remember if the Gland Handers stole them or if you’re taking the Propellers they use to fly away, but that’s still the first step.

After returning the propellers to N.D. Skye, you are then tasked with defeating 7 Level 4+ Cogs. You can do this anywhere.

Now, all airplanes still need windows, so after taking care of those Cogs, you are sent to take “Some Window Panes” from a Cog Building right here in Barnacle Boatyard.

Upon completing this, N.D. Skye has plenty of airplanes for the shop and gives you 2388 experience, teleport access to Barnacle Boatyard (allowing you to teleport to it form almost anywhere in Toontown), and 200 Jellybeans.

The Salty Spit-Toon

To start this task, you need to talk to Reg at The Salty Spit-Toon on Anchor Avenue.

“Welcome to the Salty Spit-Toon, how tough are ya?”

Yep, this is a reference to that Spongebob episode, but Reg, unlike the bouncer in that episode, wants to make you tough.

To start, you have to defeat 12 level 3+ Cogs anywhere.

After that, report back to Reg, you tasks you with taking down 2 Cog Buildings.

Once you’ve liberated 2 shops (or the same shop twice), Reg wants you to defeat 3 Yesmen anywhere.

Once those Cogs have been defeated, Reg has one final task for you.

In order to prove how tough you are, you need to give him 5 level 3 Gags.

Once you’ve done that, your training is complete, although you might’ve gone a bit overboard with your leg muscles.

This unlocks the Nautical Nametag, the Big Legs cheesy effect, and rewards 3580 experience and 200 Jellybeans.

Swimming Kiwi

Hey look who it is, it’s Tumbles! In order for Tumbles to even be here, you need to complete New Toony Tourist back in Toontown Central. Anyway, he’s hanging out on the island in the middle of the body of water the S.S. Day-Sea is sailing on.

“Yeah maaaaaaan, how’s it going? Exploring the docks as well I assune?”

“I just love the water, something about it is so calming.”

“I’d love to go for a swim myself, but I forogt to pack a pair of my trusty swimming goggles.”

“I’ve seen some Cogs around town that have those neat looking goggles…”

“I think I’ve heard some Toons call them Conveyancers?”

“If you find one of these Cogs could you try and get a pair of their goggles for me? I really want to take a swim!”

Oh Tumbles, never change. (Note: I don’t know if those typos are also present in game, or just the result of wiki editors not paying attention.)

Regardless, you now need to go and defeat Conveyencers until one drops his goggles.

Once you’ve done that, return to Tumbles.

“These are a bit of a bland grey color, the pair I had at home were blue, but these should work quite swimmingly!”

“Alright [Toon Name], let’s dive in!”

“Wait a second…”

“I’d hate to trouble you again.”

“But it seems that I have forgotten my sunscreen as well!”

“If I don’t wear it, I’ll be as red as a fire hydrant!”

“I overheard some ducks earlier saying that they were able to get some from this shop called The Reel Deal here in Barnacle Boatyard.”

“Could you possibly find that shop and see if they have any sunscreen, make sure to tell them I need something around 95SPF…”

“I’m kinda sensitive to the sun. It’s embarassing to say the least.”

To get Tumbles the sunscreen he needs, you need to speak with Blisters McKee, the teal bat who runs The Reel Deal on Seaweed Street.

“Sunscreen? Sure, I have some.”

“You want 95SPF?!? Hmm… I might have some…”

“If I ‘could’ find some, I’ll need something in return.”

“Why don’t you defeat one of those Cog Buildings nearby and then we can talk.”

After reclaiming some territory from the Cogs, you can now report back to Blisters McKee.

“You should consider yourself lucky, I found a tube in the back.”

“Is that building gone? Good, it’s as good as yours.”

“Thanks for the business.”

With the sunscreen in hand, you must now deliver it to Tumbles!

“Totally nautical, dude!”

“Alright, I’m all ready! Surf’s up!”

Now, all you have to do is go swimming anywhere, and you can speak with Tumbles to complete the task!

“That was awesome, I was able to find a few seashells too! These will be perfect for my collection!”

“As you were diving into the water, I was able to get a picture of you! I’m sure you can add it as your Profile in your Shtickerbook!”

“See ya around, [Toon Name]!”

Tumbles gives you the Diving Profile Pose, 2608 experience, and 200 Jellybeans.

Also, if you leave the Playground and come back, you’ll find that Tumbles has moved on to the next Neighborhood.

As for you, however, there are still three tasks left.

-

Well if nautical nonsense be something ye wish.....

[ai-or-not-ai]

Things to know:

I do not think AI art is inherently evil and terrible. I believe that if the art is clearly labelled and that if the generators are collecting their data and operating their services ethically that it is a perfectly fine tool to use. Unfortunately, as far as I know, that is not currently the case.

the true problem with certain uses of AI is capitalism

In that vein, I hate when AI art gets shown around completely unlabelled. If you claim AI art is its own art form it is imperative to label it as such at least in your tags to prevent confusion between digital or traditional artwork that was created manually.

So many of these AI images are stolen from the accounts that originally posted them. I’m not sure whether I personally consider that theft or if it is even legally theft, but in the process of reposting the picture they leave out important details like the fact it was AI generated in the first place.

These are all my personal opinions. This blog is not intended to be a place for me to open myself up to a bunch of discourse. I may reblog posts about AI but I will not engage with you if you are rude and incensed. That will get you blocked.

I myself am predominantly a digital artist (and sometimes a traditional artist when the mood strikes me) as well as a student of art history. This is my point of view as someone with knowledge in both historical artistic movements and the creation of art itself.

If you do not want to come across AI art I suggest blacklisting related tags. They will not always be labelled but many are.

Some tools that are called ‘AI’ have been around for years or serve extremely useful functions that do actually reduce the amount of tedious tasks a human would have had to perform previously. Such as generative fill tools in photoshop when used to edit a flaw from a photo, etc. AI has become a tech buzzword applied to any and every technology (usually for the sake of getting investors excited about it). This blog is mainly focused generative AI. Mainly images, but also sometimes LLMs (large language models) like ChatGPT or video/sound generation. I am not talking about the kinds of AI used by game devs to help NPCs function without coding every single one yourself or how in the Spiderverse movies they coded an ‘AI’ tool to help the 2D lines follow the 3D forms. There are many different kinds of tools called ‘AI’ and it has become a functionally useless term in some instances, as there are many varied forms it takes and often the classic idea of artificial intelligence from sci-fi (being a computer that thinks for itself) is not the actual implication.

If you are worried about energy usage involved in AI generation, please direct those criticisms to the organizations operating the models. They are the ones who are most responsible for that and the ones who can actually make a material change (and some indeed have been trying to).

The best thing you can do to ‘fight’ the negatives of AI is supporting independent artists.

We are all human beings who make mistakes (including me! please, I want you to always use your own critical thinking skills!) Give each other grace.

Post labelling

I will do my best to find the original source, including the original poster and what generator was used if I am able.

I will tag the posts with ‘ai image’, their respective generator (if applicable) and ‘synthography’ a term for computer generated art intended to set it apart from other art forms

I may speculate on images used to synthesize the final artwork if something comes across as particularly obvious to me.

Post submission

Send me posts you suspect are AI generated but unlabelled as such

Send me posts that you know are AI generated but reposted and unlabelled

Do not harass the original poster. If they are a reposter, block and report them. If they are an AI enthusiast and you don’t like AI, block them. If they turn out to be an artist posting their actual art for the love of god I hope you didn’t personally accuse them of generating their art and if you did go apologize immediately and profusely.

Tags to blacklist to avoid AI

Generative Art

AI Generated

AI Art

Midjourney

Dalle 3

Synthography

If I reblog from you….

Sorry

I probably follow you on my main blog

It is not a negative reflection on you if you could not identify an AI generated image yourself. I personally do not just rely on my eyes for these and try my best to find the image source to verify ai generation when possible.

Some AI generated concepts look cool I don’t blame you for reblogging them. I personally just wish people were more obvious about what is AI so that the average person can make better informed decisions about whether or not they want to share it. This is just so you can make that choice.

[luonnon-varainen]

Yes, yes, yes. I know we can argue that they could have just left the Titans alone when they realized they couldn't touch them but there's a lot of other factors I feel are missing. Like, what is their society like. We know they have a creed of sorts (what King read for Collie). How strict are their social rules? Are there consequences for failing to collect a species? Was killing the Titan's the decision of Collie's siblings alone or was it an order passed down from someone else? I'm just kinda disappointed about a lot of people jumping in the 2d "the Archivists are awful, abusive siblings who didn't care at all about the Collector" bandwagon when we genuinely have no actual context besides what little Collie actually says. Like, they can be bad, and also have depth.

We get so little information about whole collectors specie that it's even hard to speculate what might be true or not. Still it's not fully confirmed why they do collecting and preserving species of mortals. To many question marks, no answers. No infos about culture, history, biology literally nothing besides vague idea about how the war/genocide/assassination of titans looked like thanks to the murals in the palace. And considering that they developed sort of own architecture style, clothing, art, "job" system and sort of conventions/creed/law they probably have a lot of tight law frames to obey. Especially that they aware of their overwhelming power and effect they cause on environment of the planets they "visit". We know the goal is to preserve life, so destroying(on purpose or not) the planet and/or mortals on it is not ideal thing to do as they may lose some rare species or lead them to extinction without their consent. From the bedtime book we also can interpret that clearing is rather not usual activity and happened only in certain (resistance) circumstances. And as we assume goal is to preserve mortals(several examples for a specie most likely) it's a very tough, special and pretty disappointing decision to make and it should be ordered from the highest ring of council, not just some explorers. Exactly same as humans do when for example there is tiger/shark - an endangered but dangerous specie that kills people in some area and politics with uniformed services and environmentalists decide to hunt it down to end the danger they cause, not civilians not local sheriff. It is not nice, wanted decision, it is awful hurting ecosystem one, but humans chose their lifes as more valuable than the animal's. It might be something similar. Collectors who face resistance probably have to report it and then depending on level of danger mortals cause, they get the order from the top to enforce it. And exactly the same situation like in our world happens when the order is not executed, person responsible for it faces big, serious consequences of their disobedience and creating unwanted risk.

And I feel like collectors are race of perfectionist who can't stand chaos and not ended tasks so it probably also wasn't an option to choose from.

It would be also a pointless lost of energy to just enter new planet and leave it immediately after discovering that one specie cannot be collected. In cruel, brutal, cold universe not taking breaks to refill used energy and materials might be a death sentence/freeze sentence (they are immortals but being trapped for eternity in perfectly silent universe is equivalence as it leads to the death of the conscious). They most likely needed a break from vacuum anyway and "small riots" from locals was less dangerous than just going further and futher not really knowing how far is another planet proper to rest.

[starleska]

Hey pal just wanted to ask: do you have any articles or more info on the whole "getting Shreked" situation that was happening during Shrek's production? I've seen several people say that animators who weren't performing well enough were sent to work on Shrek, but I haven't seen anyone actually link a source or say anything more about it (and Google isn't helping). It just sounds so bizarre and hilarious that I'd love to know more about this. Like, why did they all send them to work on Shrek specifically? Why was Shrek predicted not to be profitable? Why was Shrek apparently the lowest of the low work? And how the hell is it such a great movie if it was made largely by people who were seen as underperforming? So many questions

hey there lovely!! :3c thanks so much for sending this my way - i'd be happy to provide you with sources!! with this kind of revelation it's very easy for lots of folk to just parrot one another without citing the original sources. here you go:

the central claim of the 'getting Shreked' punishment comes from writer and journalist Nicole LaPorte, who wrote 'The Rules of Hollywood' column for the LA Times Magazine as well as a number of other publications, including The New Yorker and New York Times.

LaPorte wrote a book called 'The Men Who Would Be King: An Almost Epic Tale of Moguls, Movies, and a Company Called Dreamworks'. in this book it is claimed that animators who failed on other projects (specifically 'The Prince of Egypt') were 'Shreked' or sent to 'The Gulag' to work on Shrek. LaPorte cites her sources as being animators who worked at DreamWorks.

in her article for the New York Post, journalist Susannah Cahalan reports that 'Shrek' was viewed as a low-budget endeavour, and that the 'Propellerheads' sent to work on it (largely college graduates) were doing something 'inferior' compared to the 2D animators. presumably this is because of when Shrek was being developed - 3D animation had yet to take off in a big way, and there was serious pretension around the superiority of hand-drawn, 2D animation, especially compared to motion-capture work.

William Steig's 'Shrek!' wasn't considered the most thematically rich material, either - placed alongside the epic Biblical narrative of 'The Prince of Egypt', DreamWorks at large had no idea what a success Shrek would become.

in general, the development of 'Shrek' was troubled with a lot of writers and actors changing hands during the process - for instance, 'Shrek' was originally supposed to be Chris Farley, not Mike Myers. Farley died during the project, and journalist Jim Hill gives a more thorough overview into the difficult production of Shrek and the eventual casting of Myers.

you can understand why this production hell led to such a biting, cynical, fresh take on the classic fairy tale story with serious disdain for 'perfection' in all of its forms!! i think the movie is great because it is made up of people shoved right to the bottom of the barrel who weren't allowed to exercise their creative talents in the big leagues...they found themselves unrestricted, and that helped hugely. you could be axed for a simple mistake on a huge film, but at the time, no one cared about 'Shrek'!

hope that helps 🥰💖 there will be some lovely, much cleverer people out there than i who can help fill in the gaps 😉

[doodle143]

Future of Motion Graphics Video in the Film Industry

Which is more attractive and will stay in your memory longer: words and an image that is static or the same but motion? For obvious reasons, text and videos will typically be the more popular choice. The audience is frequently more engaged by motion graphics since they convey ideas effectively and straightforwardly.

Videos and digital footage dominate content marketing methods in the modern digital environment because they encourage audience engagement and action. The majority of these videos are motion graphics in a variety of designs. The use of motion graphics video in the film business is increasing as interest in them rises daily, which bodes well for their future use in the global film industry.

What are motion graphics?

Graphic designs in motion are referred to as motion graphics video. Digital footage is produced by motion designers using animation, various visual effects, and audio techniques. To help the audience understand a topic, motion graphics are frequently utilized to animate abstract concepts, words, or objects on the screen.

Future scope for motion designers in the global film industry

The Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) reports that many advertising companies, motion picture studios, and VFX studios employ animators, multimedia, and motion designers. By 2030, the field of motion graphics is anticipated to grow by 16%.

Motion designers are crucial in connecting the dots to provide engaging material as 3D modeling, calligraphy, and other 2D arts become a key element of the global cinema business.

Film motion graphics

Although producing a motion graphics video is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process, businesses are developing procedural animation approaches to lessen the challenge and streamline production. Motion designers can now use procedural algorithms to apply straightforward, preset procedures to 3D objects. This motion design software has limitless potential.

The potential for motion graphics is growing as virtual reality and artificial intelligence (AI) take center stage in the upcoming decade. The major players in the global entertainment business, like Disney, Netflix, YouTube, and others, are actively seeking talented motion graphic designers to join them as the need for motion graphics videos rises.

TV stars

Before TV personalities were introduced, motion graphics, ads, serials, films, and other forms of media were less effective. The TV channels had two different groups later when motion graphics were added to their identities and shows. 

The first one focuses on the channel's brand, which is more constrained and selective because it has predetermined guidelines that direct the creation of any further visual content. Additionally, the person who works on each presentation is more animated and open, especially in terms of the sort of graphics. 

These forms of TV identities are created so that all of the visual elements associated with the channel may be visible on the screen, including the show's schedule and lower thirds, line breaks, TV logos that display on the screen, and end titles for some programs.

The majority of TV networks constantly produce new shows for their schedules; as a result, they create motion graphic structures for those programs, much like you do for the network. The work gets more dynamic because it is challenging. It typically has a lesser influence and a consistent desire, though.

TV shows are well known for their excellent use of intros. Some of these are straightforward edits of the shows' scenes, but most of them are exquisitely animated and created works like those from Daredevil, Game of Thrones, etc. 

Movies' titles

When a motion graphics video was first used, it was in movie opening titles, and most movie opening credits list the people who worked on the film's creation. Before the introduction of motion graphics, we saw that these names were essentially static, but now we can see that they are doing more than merely listing the names of the films or their cast. These introductions now set the scene and create an engaging environment where viewers feel more connected.

The titles that are featured in various films today come in many distinct forms. It is difficult not to have animated titles in superhero movies, especially when they are about superheroes. Additionally, this is growing in popularity, and many designers are choosing to focus their careers in this area.

Some of the motion graphics are utilized in the movie itself in addition to the titles. Portray texting or videos playing on a TV in the background, it is typically shown as a visual interaction with an actor. Even the animations might interact with the characters at times.

Exchange of Information

Sharing information with the audience was constant and boring until motion graphics videos were invented. However, with the advent of motion graphics, you can now turn your idea into an animation by including the appropriate soundtrack and other characteristics, making the content more appealing and understandable for the audience. 

Logo Designs

Motion graphics can be used to bring animation to your company's logos, websites, and other materials to make them more appealing. This makes it easier to produce stunning images and engage with the audience.

Post on social media

People rely on social media for everything, including information, entertainment, news, online courses, etc. More people may view your social media postings if you use motion graphics in your content.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Motion Graphics

Motion graphics have had a significant impact on the film business to make their content more appealing to the viewer, but everything has pros and cons. We shall discover the benefits and drawbacks of motion graphics in this part.

Pros:

The fact that motion graphics don't require physical space may be a good argument to use them. With traditional video, you have to pick an appropriate location, plan a time to shoot, and rehearse your lines. However, these elements are no longer necessary due to the development of motion graphics. Graphics have been quite helpful in COVID-19 constraints because of this motion.

It also has the benefit of requiring less labor from the client. The client doesn't need to put up any further effort once the goals have been defined. The rest is up to the explainer video production company, which will create the content by your instructions.

Movie titles, marketing, information exchange, and other contexts all use motion graphics.

Motion graphics video makes communication simpler and more efficient.

Cons: 

Motion graphics can seem impersonal, which is one of its drawbacks. The advantage of traditional video is that viewers may see the location or person they would be meeting before they go there. If done incorrectly, a motion graphics video is little more than an animated brochure. The audience will find it more engaging if there is some live footage, photography, or voice-over used. 

Conclusion

The channel's quality determines the relationship between what is considered to be good and bad in motion graphics as well as between what is thought to be bad and good. Let's assume that the motion graphics video in the bespoke eLearning material development for TV identity is effectively developed. In that scenario, it will assist you in identifying the appropriate audience and differentiating your channel from others. In contrast, as the introduction and title are the first things that the audience sees in a movie or television show, their quality can be a deciding factor.

[123567-9qaaq9]

Europe 2D Materials Market Segment Analysis, Current Challenges and Business Opportunities | BIS Research 

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are crystalline substances with a thickness of only a few atomic layers. They exhibit unique properties due to their reduced dimensionality and high surface area-to-volume ratio. 

The Europe 2D Materials Market (excluding U.K.) is projected to reach $528.0 million by 2031 from $77.9 million in 2022, growing at a CAGR of 23.7% during the forecast period 2022-2031. 

Europe 2D Materials Overview

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a class of crystalline substances characterized by their extremely thin, planar structures, typically only a few atoms thick. 

Key Properties

Thickness: Comprising single or few atomic layers, which imparts unique quantum mechanical properties.

Surface Areas: High surface area-to-volume ratio, beneficial for applications requiring high reactivity or surface interactions. 

Mechanical Strength:Despite their thinness, many 2D materials exhibit remarkable mechanical strength and flexibility.

Electrical Conductivity : Exhibits a wide range of electrical properties, from highly conductive (e.g., graphene) to semiconducting (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenides) and insulating (e.g., hexagonal boron nitride).

Thermal Conductivity: Some 2D materials, like graphene, have excellent thermal conductivity, making them suitable for heat dissipation applications.

Visit our report page and grab a better understanding 

Applications for Europe 2D Materials Market    

Electronics 

Optoelectronics 

Energy Storage 

Thermal Management 

Composite Materials 

Key Companies  

2-D Tech

Smena

AVANZARE INNOVACION TECNOLOGICA S.L.

BASF SE

Grab a look at our free sample click here!

Market Segmentation

By End Users 

By Material Type 

By Country 

Market Drivers for Europe 2D Materials Market  

Technological Advancements 

Increased demand for Advanced Electronics 

Energy Efficiency and Storage Solutions 

Environmental Sustainability 

Emergence of Quantum Computing 

Visit our Advanced Electronics Material Vertical page click here !

Conclusion

Two-dimensional (2D) materials represent a transformative category in the field of materials science and nanotechnology, distinguished by their unique properties and versatile applications. Their exceptional electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics make them suitable

The growing demand for faster, smaller, and more efficient electronic devices, coupled with the push towards renewable energy and environmental sustainability, drives the advancement and commercialization of 2D materials. 

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Ion irradiation offers promise for 2D material probing

Two-dimensional materials such as graphene promise to form the basis of incredibly small and fast technologies, but this requires a detailed understanding of their electronic properties. New research demonstrates that fast electronic processes can be probed by irradiating the materials with ions first. A collaboration involving researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and the University of Duisburg-Essen has shown that when graphene is irradiated with ions, or electrically charged atoms, the electrons that are ejected give information about the graphene's electronic behavior. Moreover, the Illinois group performed the first calculations involving high-temperature graphene, and the Duisburg-Essen group experimentally verified the predictions by irradiation. This research was reported in the journal Nano Letters.

Read more.