#1792

[artschoolglasses]

Collection of English Original Watercolour Drawings, possibly 1792, by Ann Frankland Lewis

From the Los Angeles County Museum of Art

[dailysmilingnatsume]

[richardarmitagefanpage]

Over two years since original announcement, Neflix finally sets Castlevania: Nocturne release date.

The series will follow Richter Belmont during the French Revolution.

And according to Collider, there’s a chance Richard and Alejandra Reynoso might reprise their roles from the original series via flashbacks.

Castlevania: Nocturne premieres September 28 on Netflix.

[whencyclopedia]

Anthony Wayne

Anthony Wayne (1745-1796), better known by his nickname 'Mad Anthony', was a brigadier general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). After the war, he briefly served in Congress before resuming his military career, winning a victory over a coalition of Native American nations at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Born in Pennsylvania to a family of Irish immigrants, Wayne worked as a land surveyor before joining the Continental Army in 1776. Within a year, he had become a brigadier general, serving with distinction in the Philadelphia Campaign. His finest moment came in July 1779, when he led a nighttime raid against the British garrison at Stony Point, New York, capturing the fort even after sustaining a bullet wound to the head. After the American Revolution, Wayne won election to the House of Representatives as a member of the Federalist Party, working to help strengthen the authority of the federal government. In 1792, he became Senior Army Officer and defeated the Northwestern Confederacy of Native American nations that were contesting the United States' control of the Northwest Territory (modern Ohio). Wayne died shortly after his victory at Fallen Timbers on 15 December 1796, at the age of 51.

Early Life

Anthony Wayne was born on 1 January 1745 at his family's estate of Waynesborough in Easttown, Pennsylvania. He came from a family of Irish Protestants, and his grandfather had fought for the Williamites at the Battle of the Boyne (1 July 1690). In the early 1700s, the Wayne family emigrated from Ireland to the British colony of Pennsylvania, where Anthony's father, Isaac Wayne, found work as a tanner; over the decades, his tannery became the largest in Pennsylvania. In 1739, at the age of 40, Isaac Wayne married Elizabeth Iddings. The couple would have four children, of whom Anthony was the eldest. During the French and Indian War (1754-1763), Isaac served as a captain and raised a company of provincial soldiers. He participated in the 1758 Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne, in which he served alongside a young Colonel George Washington.

Growing up, Anthony Wayne was expected to inherit the 500-acre Waynesborough and work the fields as a farmer. But Wayne had other plans for his future; having listened to heroic tales of his grandfather's and father's military service as a child, the young Anthony dreamt of winning military glory himself. An insatiable reader, Wayne read all the military histories and classical works he could get his hands on and was soon able to recite both Julius Caesar and William Shakespeare. After completing his education at the College of Pennsylvania, Wayne became a land surveyor. In 1765, he and several of his associates were commissioned by Benjamin Franklin to survey 100,000 acres of land in Nova Scotia. After Wayne surveyed the land, which became the township of Monckton, it was settled by eleven Pennsylvania families of mostly German origin.

In 1763, Wayne married Mary Penrose. The couple had two children: a daughter Margarette (b. 1770) and a son, Isaac (b. 1772). Wayne and his growing family continued to live at Waynesborough, where he split his time between helping his father at the tannery and his own work as a surveyor. But, as relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain continued to deteriorate, Wayne found that he was being drawn toward the Patriot movement, which opposed the 'unjust' policies of the British Parliament such as taxation without colonial representation. In 1775, a year after the death of his father, Wayne was nominated to the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, a shadow government run by American revolutionaries; on this committee, he served alongside prominent Patriot leaders like Benjamin Franklin and John Dickinson.

In this position, Wayne became increasingly radical in his disdain for the British, leading his primarily Quaker constituents to remove him from the committee in October, for fear that he had become too war hawkish. By now, the American Revolutionary War was underway and rapidly escalating. With his brief foray into politics over, Wayne could now follow his childhood dream and enter the military.

Continue reading...

[nesiacha]

August 10, 1792: The Real "Good" Revolution Begins

La prise des Tuileries le 10 août 1792 painting by Jacques Bertaux,

How refreshing it is to be on Tumblr, far from the clichés of movies and pseudo-historians thank you to everyone . In my view , the true beginning of the social revolution starts around this time. Finally (though temporarily), France fought for real equality between people of different colors. However, this social revolution was very limited (an understatement) across the political spectrum, particularly concerning property rights—even those considered ultra-revolutionary and the Babouvists, were timid on this front—and other rights as well. In fact you understand that part of my speech is my point of view some would told me that start in reality in 1791.

On the other hand, those who believe that the revolution of 1789 was the good one and that 1792 was bad because of the increased violence are entirely mistaken. The revolution didn't wait for the Montagnards to start beheading people. We must remember that the governor of the Bastille, Delaunay, was lynched by the crowd. The same fate befell Foulon. There was the repression during the Nancy affair, where one person was condemned to the punishment of the Wheel, the repression of the Haitian Revolution that began in 1791, the Champ de Mars massacre... In short, what is considered the second revolution had its violent episodes, but so did the first. And let's not forget that such violence already existed under absolute monarchy, where we could witness what would today be considered deliberate criminal negligence, such as in the case of the Beast of Gévaudan, the deliberate repressions by Louis XIV or Louis XVI, the repression of the Flour War, and so on.

[ltwilliammowett]

Discovery and Chatham Approaching Cape Flattery, 29 April 1792,by Christopher Blossom (1956-)

[burberry-fleece]

Good times wit my OGs

[empirearchives]

There really is a whole genre of Napoleon standing in the Tuileries looking nonchalant during the French Revolution artwork

[digitalfashionmuseum]

Oil painting, 1792, British.

Portraying Joanna de Silva in a white dress and cream shawl.

Painted by William Wood.

Met Museum.

[nerds-yearbook]

Due to the lethal nature of the games, the Triwizard Tournament was canceled after the 1792 games and not reinstated until 1994 with new safe guards in place to hopefully prevent deaths. (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Bk)

[artschoolglasses]

Designs for Printed Cotton, by William Kilburn, English, 1788-92

From the Victoria & Albert Museum

[epestrefe]

Η μονή της Αγίας Παρασκευής,κοντά στο Νεραϊδοχώρι,Τρικάλων

Το μοναστήρι της αγίας Παρασκευής κτίστηκε το 1792 απ' το Γιώργο ή Γούσιο Χατζηπέτρο δίπλα στο εκκλησάκι της Μεταμόρφωσης του Σωτήρα, που πιθανότατα ήταν κτισμένο πριν απ' το 1792. Είναι βασιλικού ρυθ��ού με τρούλο.

Το μοναστήρι είχε πρόβατα, γίδια, γελάδια και χωράφια. Τα χωράφια καλλιεργούσαν κοληγάδες (δηλ. άτομα που έπαιρναν το 1/2 ή το 1/3 της παραγωγής, μισακάρηδες ή τριτάρηδες). Την επίβλεψη έκαναν οι ηγούμενοι και οι καλόγηροι που έμεναν στα κελιά του μοναστηριού και ξεπερνούσαν τα 30 άτομα. Ώς ηγούμενοι αναφέρονται ο Δαμασκηνός, ο Ευλόγιος, Κήριλος και ο Χριστόφορος. Ώς καλόγηροι αναφέρονται ο Γεννάδιος και ο Νεόφυτος το 1911. Η διαμόρφωση του χώρου του μοναστηριού έγινε το 1977 με δωρεά του Κλέαρχου Δημητρίου και η πέτρινη βρύση κτίστηκε το 1980 με τη φροντίδα του παπα-Χρήστου.

[richardarmitagefanpage]

[higherentity]

[nordleuchten]

Hey there! :) Do you happen to know what was Lafayette's opinion on Robespierre as a person and/or as a member of the National Assembly? Did he left any declaration in his memoirs? As far as I know, their different political views led them sometimes into arguments and slanders.

Have a nice day!

Dear @faxelange,

in short, they were not on the best of terms – not at all. The disfavour was mutual as neither Robespierre liked La Fayette nor did La Fayette liked Robespierre.

Despite this, there is not nearly as much commentary on Robespierre in La Fayette’s letters and Memoirs as one might expect. The references that are made are mostly general statements about Robespierre and not specific about their relationship. Generally speaking, La Fayette wrote in his Memoirs about what he thought valuable for his readers and important to mention. I think he judged his disagreements with Robespierre and Robespierre in general, at the point of him writing his Memoirs (1830s), as simply no longer important. It would be easier to give a detailed description of Robespierre’s opinion of La Fayette than the other way around since we have many statements by Robespierre.

The relationship between Robespierre and La Fayette was during the first years of the Revolution civil, or better, nonexistent. Things changed when La Fayette wrote on June 16, 1791 a lengthy letter to the Legislative Assembly, criticizing political groups as a potential thread to the constitution and the stability of France – the jacobins were here his primary target.

Although he railed against factionalism of all varieties, the Jacobins were his primary target. “Organized like a separate empire … blindly controlled by a few ambitious leaders,” the Jacobins were, as he put it, a “sect,” a “distinct corporation in the middle of the French people, whose powers they usurp by subjugating their representatives.” Read into the record two days later and republished in newspapers of every political stripe, the letter generated heated debate.

Laura Auricchio, The Marquis – Lafayette Reconsidered, Vintage Books, New York, 2015, p. 258.

Two days later during a meeting of the jacobins, Robespierre stated:

Strike down Lafayette and the nation is saved.

Laura Auricchio, The Marquis – Lafayette Reconsidered, Vintage Books, New York, 2015, p. 259.

Things went downhill rather quickly after that.

In La Fayette memoirs there are two mentioning’s of Robespierre, both are rather indirect, as they detail public attacks of La Fayette’s character that Robespierre had some connection with.

It would occupy too much space to detail all the hostilities of the anarchists against Lafayette; their defamations in the Patriot and the Chronicle were pushed to the most insane excess. Robespierre attacked him at the jacobins, first requiring that he should not be called upon to prove what he advanced. The club itself formally denounced him at the bar of the assembly, by the mouth of Collot d’Herbois. Some members of this faction alleged as proofs of his criminality certain letters, which, when read, were received with patriotic applause.

Marquis de La Fayette, Memoirs, Correspondences and Manuscripts of General Lafayette, Vol. 3, Craighead and Allen, New York, 1837, pp. 336-337.

We can see very clearly in this passage that La Fayette’s problem was not with Robespierre alone and while this excerpt gives seemingly more insight into Robespierre’s opinion of La Fayette, the way the event is retold also tells us a lot about La Fayette’s opinion.

The second part is from a letter that La Fayette wrote his wife Adrienne on April 18, 1792:

Parties are at present divided in this manner [the question of war]. Robespierre, Danton, Desmoulins, &c., &c., form the jacobin sink. These puppets are moved behind the scene, and serve the court by disorganizing all things, by exclaiming that we are beaten without resource and by attacking Lafayette, “who has deceived, they say, the people and the court, guided the conduct of the far less culpable M. de Bouillé, and who is more dangerous himself than the aristocracy.” (…) The other party, called the high jacobins, and which supports the present ministry, is composed of Bordelais, the abbé Sièyes, Condorcet, Roederer, &c. These men hate and fear Robespierre, but dare not render themselves unpopular.

Marquis de La Fayette, Memoirs, Correspondences and Manuscripts of General Lafayette, Vol. 3, Craighead and Allen, New York, 1837, pp. 411-412.

Again, La Fayette was not only in disagreement with Robespierre. Today Robespierre is often presented as the one and only embodiment of the Jacobins but there were many more and yes, Robespierre was certainly even back then a prominent and influential member, but La Fayette’s disagreements were with the jacobins as a whole as much as with Robespierre personally.

Perhaps it is easier to dissect La Fayette’s opinion based on what he did not thought about Robespierre. In the letter to his wife that is already quoted above, La Fayette also wrote:

Such is my situation: I belong, as I wrote before to you, to no party except to that of the French nation; but my friends and I will serve whoever will do good, defend liberty and equality, and maintain the constitution by repulsing everything tending to render it aristocratic or republican; and when the national will, expressed by the representatives chosen by nation and by the king, shall tell us that war is inevitable, I will do all that lies in my power to promote its success.

Marquis de La Fayette, Memoirs, Correspondences and Manuscripts of General Lafayette, Vol. 3, Craighead and Allen, New York, 1837, p. 413.

These were the things that La Fayette supported and believed in, this was his agenda. In not agreeing with Robespierre, we can assume that La Fayette felt as if Robespierre did not meet his principles. Another point is raised in this statement:

(…) by repulsing everything tending to render it aristocratic or republican (…).

Robespierre was without a question on the republican side.

This was all quite political but since La Fayette saw political opinions as the expression of underlaying principles, a political disagreement was often, not always though, also a personal disagreement, although things did not usually escalate like they did with Robespierre.

I hope this cleared things up a bit and I hope you have/had a lovely day!

[misscromwellsmonocle]

Death of the Princess de Lamballe (1908) by Leon Maxime Faivre

After refusing to swear "hatred to the King and the Queen and the monarchy", Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe, was captured and killed by an angry mob in the September Massacres during the French Revolution in 1792.

(more info)