#115th congress

[tomorrowusa]

Republicans are like 4-year-olds who just learned a bad word and can’t stop saying it.

All Republicans do nowadays is scream “WOKE!” whenever they see something they don’t like. It’s true that woke is a dumb sounding word – that may be why most progressives haven’t used it much since this SNL fake commercial from 2017.

The Trump administration indulged in an orgy of deregulation which led to disasters like the four recent derailments in Ohio to the recent failure of the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB). Screaming “WOKE!” is their way of evading responsibility without having to provide explanations for their deregulation policies.

As soon as it was clear that Silicon Valley Bank would not survive the weekend, conservative influencers and Republican politicians had a culprit in sights.

Wokeness.

“They were one of the most woke banks,” Representative James Comer, the top Republican on the House Oversight Committee, said during a segment on Fox News.

The governor of Florida, Ron DeSantis, also spoke to Fox about the collapse of the bank, and he also blamed the bank’s diversity programs. “I mean, this bank, they’re so concerned with D.E.I. and politics and all kinds of stuff. I think that really diverted from them focusing on their core mission,” he said.

 Being Republican means you never have to back up your claims.

It is unclear whether these conservatives are working from the same memo or just share the same narrow obsession. Regardless, there is no evidence that D.E.I. or any other diversity initiative is responsible for the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank. It is nonsense. And while it shouldn’t be taken seriously on its own terms, this deflection is worth noting for what it represents: the relentless effort to mystify real questions of political economy in favor of endless culture war conflict.

The real story behind the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank has much more to do with the political and economic environment of the previous decade than it does with “wokeness,” a word that signifies nothing other than conservative disdain for anything that seems liberal.

The failure of the SVB was essentially caused by poor bets by the bank.

��Flush with cash from high-flying start-ups,” my newsroom colleague Vivian Giang explains, Silicon Valley Bank “did what most of its rivals do: It kept a small chunk of its deposits in cash and it used the rest to buy long-term debt like Treasury bonds.” As long as interest rates stayed low, those bonds promised safe returns.

Interest rates did not stay low. To fight inflation and reduce the price of consumer goods, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates seven times in 2022. With each increase, Silicon Valley Bank lost money on its bonds. Worse, the interest rate surge affected venture capital firms and the entire world of tech start-ups, harming the bank’s portfolio as those companies shed value and reduced deposits. Clients started to withdraw money to meet their liquidity needs, and last week, in order to fund these redemptions, Silicon Valley Bank announced it had sold $21 billion in bonds, at a loss of $1.8 billion. The bank then let it be known that it would sell $2.25 billion in shares to cover the loss.

Worried clients began to withdraw more money, which spooked investors, a development that pushed more clients to withdraw even more money. (Peter Thiel’s Founders Fund reportedly called for its start-ups to pull their cash while they still could.) On Friday, as the bank run gained steam, California’s financial regulatory agency announced that it had taken possession of the bank and placed it under the receivership of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Remember how in the aftermath of the Bush financial collapse of 2008 the Obama administration under Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner initiated stress tests on banks to see if they were financially viable? Donald Trump and the GOP 115th Congress did away with those tests.

It’s not as if no one thought this collapse could happen. “The failure of Silicon Valley Bank is a direct result of an absurd 2018 bank deregulation bill signed by Donald Trump that I strongly opposed,” Senator Bernie Sanders said in a statement on Sunday. Senator Elizabeth Warren made a similar point in an essay published in The Times on Monday, in which she also mentioned the failure of New York-based Signature Bank in the immediate aftermath of S.V.B.’s collapse: “Had Congress and the Federal Reserve not rolled back the stricter oversight, S.V.B. and Signature would have been subject to stronger liquidity and capital requirements to withstand financial shocks.”

You’ll never guess which Florida congressman voted for bank deregulation.

[I]f you want to understand the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank, you have to understand the political environment that led Congress to loosen regulations on regional banking institutions. You have to understand the interests involved, the ideologies involved and the personalities involved, like DeSantis, who voted for the deregulation bill as a congressman.

😮 😳 🙀

The people who blame “wokeness” for the collapse of a bank do not want you to understand or even think about the political economy of banking in the United States. They want to deflect your attention away from the real questions and turn it toward a manufactured cultural conflict. And the reason they want to do this is to obscure the extent to which they and their allies are complicit in — or responsible for — creating an environment in which banks collapse for lack of appropriate regulation.

Yep, as a House member, Ron “Choke on Woke” DeSantis voted to weaken safeguards on the banking system. If he keeps screaming “WOKE! WOKE! WOKE!” constantly then he thinks he won’t have to answer for his vote back in 2018.

So if you hear GOP MAGA zombies and others on the far right screaming “wokeness” about some disaster, don’t argue with them – they don’t care anyway. Just scream back, “DEREGULATION!” instead. Put them on the defensive. Nobody wins by playing defense 100% of the time.

[anonymousaccount1015]

If you’re thinking about sitting out the Presidential election because you’re unsatisfied with the major party options OR because you think you have principled philosophical reasons to not like Biden, please keep in mind what is at stake.

- Trump being in office again and having the power of the executive broadly (this is bad enough, also kind of my catch-all for things unlisted that you might think up)

- Trump seeking revenge, retribution, and repression of political freedoms of those who don’t support him, you can imagine for yourself how this might manifest, including through promoting political violence from his followers, which he hasn’t pledged to not allow

- Trump attacking the opposition party as part of his “revenge,” perhaps in ways that are more substantive than before, possibly through weaponizing the DOJ against political enemies

- Trump actually following through on his promise that in his first day in office that he would be a dictator, but only on day one, you can see him speak about this when he was on Fox News

- Trump attempting and/or succeeding at implementing Project 2025 (the playbook for a fascist takeover which, very oversimplified, looks to centralize political power in the hands of the executive)

- Trump possibly appointing two new Supreme Court justices, assuming the two older justices (Alito and Thomas) leave early to get replaced by ideologically similar judges, the history books will say we allowed him five Supreme Court appointments (three in his first term + two replacements)

- Trump possibly appointing more conservative justices across the lower courts, there are many vacancies at present (including on the U.S. District Courts), Trump appointed many judges on these lower courts in his first term after the Republican Senate prevented Obama from appointing any, arguably these were even worse for the longterm health of the country than the Supreme Court appointments

- Trump probably appoints an even crazier second Presidential cabinet filled with his allies (people who are subservient to his whims and support him fanatically, something like Giuliani as Attorney General or something, Vivek anywhere in his administration is scary)

- Trump pardoning himself from the majority of his crimes (unsure how many he can succeed with pardoning himself from, not a legal expert, IIRC he can’t pardon himself out of Georgia at least)

- Trump procuring 91 criminal charges across four separate cases (the Washington D.C. Jack Smith case, the Georgia election interference case, the classified documents case, the Stormy Daniels case), you can watch a quick recap here, this should immediately make him unqualified for public office

- Trump potentially using the Insurrection Act of 1807 which allows the President with very little oversight to order “U.S military and federalized national guard troops within the United States in particular circumstances, such as to suppress civil disorder, insurrection, or rebellion” (per Wikipedia), something which he may use as soon as his first day in office to support protests

- Trump pardoning some/all of his associates and acolytes that have helped him over the years, assuring that they’ll never face justice (Giuliani comes to mind, others who have been loyal, Gaetz will never face justice for unlawfully trafficking minors)

- Trump possibly working to free the January 6th participants, who he’s repeatedly labeled as “hostages,” as in freeing the people who tried to assist him in overthrowing the government, danced around it as recently as his 03/20 rally

Trump has also on multiple occasions had a “January 6th prison choir” at his rallies that perform live songs as recently as his 03/20 rally, this is ongoing (side note)

- Trump possibly getting full control of the federal government just like the 115th Congress (Trump winning the White House makes it very statistically likely even with an overperformance on our side that he also wins the Senate, the House is still a tossup, anybody’s game)

- Trump possibly trying to sign some sort of federal abortion ban, Trump prided himself on killing Roe vs Wade and then said it was up to the states, though privately, reports have come out that Trump is proposing a federal abortion ban to mirror those in various states

- Trump trying once again to build a border wall/trying to do other horrible things to “illegal” undocumented immigrants (he promised tighter border security + Republicans have been focusing a lot on immigration recently), called migrants “animals” at a 03/20 rally

- Trump promised a mass deportation of “illegal” undocumented immigrants, this is a pretty standard Republican talking point nowadays but still absolutely unacceptable

- Trump potentially using the military against foreign drug cartels in their own sovereign territory, something that was also promoted by fellow Republicans that ran in the primary

- Trump signing KOSA into law (a far right backed bill to “protect kids on the Internet”), which will also likely overturn Section 230 (very oversimplified, the law that states what happens on these platforms, say Tumblr, is not Tumblr’s responsibility, they can’t be sued as if they were a participant, if this was overturned, it would lead to severe content restrictions since now Tumblr, and others, can be sued for everything)

- Trump signing federal age restriction mandates similar to those that have been passed recently in several states (Texas and seven others, with more than a dozen states with similar bills in the legislature), making it so you have to provide identification to access pornographic material

- Trump pulling us out of various international agreements (among them the Paris Climate Accord, which he pulled out of in his first term, for example), the U.S. will never be trusted internationally again

- Trump pulling out of NATO (an important international strategic alliance we’ve had since the 1950s that has safeguarded our spot as the superpower of the world), something he teased repeatedly in his first term

- Trump threatening nuclear war or some similarly large military escalation when he tries to intimidate our perceived enemies about how vast our military capabilities are

- Trump possibly withholding aid from Ukraine/strongarming them to accept a peace deal which will mean they have to cede major territory to Putin (we’ve seen already that Trump is willing to strongarm Ukraine for political purposes, see his first impeachment trial, plus Trump says that he can end the war in less than a day, about the only way this is feasible is Ukraine ceding ground)

- Trump possibly ignoring the Palestine genocide in terms of offering any humanitarian assistance/allowing Israel to have their way unrestricted (you can criticize our President on Israel for very fair reasons but Trump would be significantly worse if your goal is to save Palestine)

- Trump possibly inflaming tensions with Iran (either intentionally by attacking first or indirectly through proxy via involvement vs Hamas or Hezbollah/support of Israel), a war that neither side needs

- Trump provoking tensions with China which may lead to a more substantive lapse in the relationship that won't help either of us (another trade war or unlikely on the ground war), the Republicans have been very rabid about China lately in their efforts to ban TikTok

- Trump potentially encouraging China to try to invade Taiwan like they've been posturing about for over half a century, sensing weakness from Trump or that he won't support Taiwan like the Americans had previously pledged

- Trump promised to reinstate the previous travel bans imposed on several Muslim-majority countries, something which originally happened in his first Presidential term

- Trump promises to promote oil drilling once again (he promised his first day in office when he's a dictator), possibly offshore fracking (judging by the position of the party), setting us behind in switching away from oil + harming the planet

- Trump probably slashes the subsidies for electric vehicles, setting us behind in switching over (optimistic outlooks say 10-15 years for electric vehicles once they've reached their full potential to phase out gas vehicles from the market), recently at a campaign event he spoke very negatively about them (the "bloodbath" speech)

- Trump promised a “100% tariff” on all vehicles that are imported by Chinese run factories that they’re building in Mexico, which is absolutely ludicrous in terms of a policy proposal

- Trump stating there will be a “bloodbath” at an 03/16 rally assuming he’s not elected President once again, when pushed back, Trump suggested he was talking about what will happen to the auto industry, though many think he was making some kind of veiled threat

- Trump promises to use the National Guard in major cities struggling with violent crime and problems with drugs, something that would be a significant overreach and very displacing for their populations

This list will be added to as more becomes available about what Trump plans to/is likely to do.

Though these things seem horrible, and might even make you feel hopeless, through the mobilization of voters, we’re stronger than we think we are, even at the sunset of democracy.

[black2infinity]

thesavoyshow

(Story courtesy the hill) President Biden on Tuesday issued a grave warning to Black voters about what is at stake in this year’s election. Speaking at the 115th NAACP National Convention in Las Vegas on Tuesday, Biden spoke of Project 2025, a controversial transition plan some conservatives have vowed to adhere to should former President Trump be reelected in November. “The MAGA officials will undo everything the NAACP stands for,” said Biden. “They want to deny you freedom: the freedom to vote, have your vote counted. They’d impose a nationwide ban on abortion.” “I’m not being dramatic, but we cannot let that happen,” Biden added. Trump has denied having anything to do with Project 2025, but the plan has become a hot topic for Democrats in the months leading up to November. But Biden also detailed what his administration would do for Black Americans if he is reelected. On his first day of his second term, Biden promised to call on Congress to pass protections against voter suppression including the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act and the Freedom to Vote Act. He also said he would ensure the nation would see police reform by passing the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act. He also promised to restore Roe v. Wade, the ruling legalizing access to abortion that the Court overturned two years ago. Audience members applauded Biden, chanting “Four more years!” as the president spoke. Black voters are a crucial demographic Biden must win over if he hopes to remain in the White House in November. According to 2020 exit polls, 87 percent of Black voters cast their ballots for Biden, just 2 percentage points lower than Hillary Clinton’s 2016 support but significantly lower than former President Obama’s 93 percent in 2012.

[rabbitcruiser]

National Vietnam War Veterans Day

We commemorate those who fought in the Vietnam War on National Vietnam War Veterans Day, March 29. There’s no doubt that the Vietnam War was one of the most brutal. In fact, there were over three million Vietnam War casualties during the years of battle. It was known as the Second Indochina War to Americans, and considering its long fighting time and brutality, National Vietnam War Veterans Day was created to honor all the Vietnam veterans who fought during its time.

History of National Vietnam War Veterans Day

The Vietnam War has a long history. It was one of the longest wars involving America. Starting in 1955, the war went on until 1975, making it the second-longest war, aside from the ongoing Afghanistan War. Over 2.7 million Americans served during this war In 1973. All combat and support units withdrew from Vietnam following the war, but it continued to have an impact on many of the families and people affected by the war.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day is acknowledged on March 29 every year, honoring anyone who served during its 20-year time. Since respect and combat support wasn’t immediately given to those who served after the war ended because of the number of deaths, the day was founded in 2017 to finally offer that respect to everyone involved.

Understanding that it wasn’t the soldiers’ choices to go to war, U.S. Senators Pat Toomey, R-Pa., and Joe Donnelly, D-Ind., introduced the legislation proposing the anniversary of the withdrawal of military units from South Vietnam as the date. It was President Donald Trump who signed the Act on March 29, calling for U.S. flags to be flown on this day to honor everyone who served during this time, whether they were in Vietnam or not.

Every year since it was founded in 2017, this national day has continued to be recognized on March 29. Aside from honoring those who fought, four other parts of this day that are meant to be highlighted are the service of the Armed Forces and support organizations during the war; the wartime contributions at home; the advancements in technology, science, and medicine; and the contributions by American allies.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day  timeline

2007 50th Anniversary of the Vietnam War

Congress incorporates language in H.R. 4986 authorizing this, which is then signed into law in 2008.

May 28, 2012 Vietnam War Commemoration on Memorial Day

The commemoration is held at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.

2012 President Obama Proclaims Vietnam Veterans Day

This leads to the 2017 legislation outlining March 29 as National Vietnam War Veterans Day.

2016 The Vietnam Veterans Day Coalition Seeks Legislation

They outline the history and timeline to ask for Vietnam War Veterans Day to be one of the first legislations passed during the U.S. 115th Congress.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day FAQs

How many Vietnam War veterans are still alive?

The U.S. estimates that about 610,000 people who fought during the time of the war are still alive today.

How old are the Vietnam War veterans today?

Ages range between 55 and 97, but the median is 68 years old.

Is National Vietnam War Veterans Day a federal holiday?

National Vietnam War Veterans Day is a U.S. holiday observed annually on March 29.

How to Honor National Vietnam War Veterans Day

Donate money to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund

Talk to any family members who may have been a part of it

Thank a Vietnam veteran!

Check out their Facebook page on this day where you can watch a live stream and read messages of thanks and, if you can, donate a bit toward the Fund to help those who are still alive after the war and may need support from organizations such as this. If you can’t donate, visit a memorial or volunteer at a commemoration.

Whether they were on the frontline or not, you may have parents or grandparents that served or were directly or indirectly involved in this wartime. Not everyone is comfortable talking about their time in the war, but some people enjoy sharing what they went through as a way to vent and cope. Listen to your parents’ or grandparents’ stories — you may learn something interesting about them.

Not only is this a good way to reach out to someone new and start a positive relationship, but they’ll absolutely appreciate you taking the time to thank them for their effort 50 years ago.

5 Facts About The Vietnam War

The average age of soldiers was 19

The Medal of Honor was awarded 258 times

The U.S. spent over $140 billion on the Vietnam War

500,000 people attended the anti-war rally

It isn’t called the Vietnam War in Vietnam

This is a big difference from the average age of 26 in WWII.

This is the highest military decoration.

In today’s economy, that’s about $1 trillion!

There were many all over the world, but this one took place in Washington, D.C. in 1969.

Instead, it is called the American War.

Why we love National Vietnam War Veterans Day

It recognizes everyone

It altered society’s perception

It gives veterans a chance to share their experience

This day is special because it doesn’t just recognize soldiers who fought in it, it recognizes anyone who was involved. Whether it’s the families who struggled back home, those working the support lines, or even other soldiers stationed elsewhere during the same time, this day is to appreciate everyone.

When soldiers first returned, people were not respectful toward them. War is drastic on the economy, but many who were involved had no choice but to go, and they deserve the respect and recognition for that. This national day changed that negative view.

It’s not easy to talk about the war, especially if you were a soldier. You probably witnessed a lot of terrible things. But a national day like this gives people an opportunity to share their experiences and teach the world a lesson on why wars should be avoided in the future.

Source

[too-true-to-believe]

[Excerpt from the 115th edition of Too True To Believe, a handmade zine by Silas Anderson detailing her research into supernatural and extraterrestrial happenings in Foghorn Heights.] 

Governments and how they work 

The President of the United States of America, Congress, and all the halls of government you are familiar with are NOT in control of this country! In fact, none of those people are even real. I know this is a hard pill to swallow, but the sooner you accept this the sooner you can see the world as it really is. All of these people are holograms being controlled by extraterrestrial beings with the goal of shepherding humans into the space age, without igniting a third world war. *They* have been watching our societies grow and learn for thousands of years, watched as we went from glorified apes living in caves to inventing the telephone, cars, planes, and weapons of mass destruction all with a single realization. Humanity is advancing at a speed unknown to the wider galactic federation, and that we are going to kill ourselves and all life in the universe if left to our own devices. So someone or another had to step in and guide us into the space age slowly, while trying to teach us to be responsible and how to get along with life in general. *They* stepped in to put all terrestrials collectively in a big ‘Get Along Shirt’ to make sure we’ll be able to survive mankind's next Giant Leap. 

All that to say, none of the ‘people’ running the government are real, but their ideas are. The ideas of our elected leaders are ours and they are your employees. Let your voice be heard. Our galactic shepherds are not unreasonable! … 

[questioningespecialy]

...I got curious

Is the South More Racist Than Other Parts of the US? By Michael Harriot, Published December 4, 2017

Education

Numerous studies have shown that—regardless of the tax base—the more black students enrolled in a school, the lower the funding. Economic segregation still exists. But the percentage of black students in the South who attend schools that are 90-100 percent black is lower in the South than in any other region, according to a 2014 study by UCLA’s Civil Rights Project (pdf). The Northeast was the only region where the number of segregated schools has increased since 1968. The data shows that the average K-12 student in the South is more likely to receive an education closer to that of his or her white counterparts than in any other region in the country. It might not be great, but it is equal.

Employment

One part that made no sense to me is below...

White people in the South had a slightly lower unemployment rate of 3.93. Nationally, the black unemployment rate was 8.2, but slightly lower in the South at 7.99. The numbers show that Southern blacks are slightly less likely than their white counterparts to be jobless.

Either I’m misunderstanding how the rates work, or they meant to say “slightly more likely”. 🤔

Criminal Justice

Throughout the country between January 2013 and June 2017, police killed about 3.96 citizens for every million in the population. In Southern states, the average was slightly higher, at 4.02 people per million, but while more than 9.38 out of every million black citizens were killed by police nationwide, blacks were killed more than a third less often by Southern cops (6.65 per 1 million).

Politics

Of the 52 African-American members serving in the 115th Congress, 22 hail from the 12 Southern states. In a 2015 survey by the National Council of State Legislatures (pdf), although most state legislatures nationwide were less than 9 percent black, Southern state legislatures were 17 percent black.

Economics

Furthermore, according to BlackDemographics.com, of the top 10 states with high black homeownership, nine were in the South. In Forbes magazine’s 2015 list of the cities where blacks are doing the best economically, Southern cities made up 13 of the 15 on the list. Based on all of the objective evidence, African Americans in the South are closer to whites economically and politically and in education and employment. The opportunities aren’t equal, but there is less of a measurable racial divide in the Southern states than there is nationwide.

2023/09/30 edit: Should add that the more people you can count on for financial (and child) help the easier it is to "move up" in any aspect. What I'm saying is, mofos in the South got family to get cheap housing from while they save up for a house.

So Why Do People Think the South Is Racist?

There may be a number of reasons. It is possible that many people still think of the South as “country” and ascribe the stereotypes associated with rural areas to the South. But seven of the 10 blackest cities in the U.S. are in the South, and nine of the 20 biggest metropolises in America are Southern cities. More than 68 percent of people who live in the South reside in urban areas, according to 2010 U.S. census data. (...) But those blatant displays of racism sometimes obscure the fact that there are people across the United States who politely tuck their racism in their pockets every morning. They might not yell the n-word, but they discriminate in the hiring process. Maybe they’ve never burned a cross, but they don’t want black children in their schools or neighborhood. Perhaps it depends on how you prefer your racism—Southern-fried or unseasoned. And none of this is to say that the South is a utopia of people united in brotherhood. It simply is not demonstrably more racist than anywhere else in the country. It is not more racist. It is just racist ...

2 Specific Comments

...really curious

Bits from a Relevant Study

Association between an Internet-Based Measure of Area Racism and Black Mortality by David H. Chae et al, PLOS | Published: April 24, 2015

These findings are congruent with studies documenting the deleterious impact of racism on health among Blacks. Our study contributes to evidence that racism shapes patterns in mortality and generates racial disparities in health.

Proportion of Google queries containing the “N-word” (singular or plural) by designated market area, 2004–2007.

More Bits & More Studies

Map of the Location Quotients for Post 2012 Election Racist Tweets, FloatingSheep

The following images are from SPLC's Hate Map filtered by some of the available ideologies. Image Descriptions kept brief.

Did you know they have Hate Group Flyering Maps aswell? 👀

And now...

I go my ass to bed. Do what ya will with this long post. fuck

Edit...

Of course I've returned (the next damn mornin'). Got some anecdotes to add.

Met a Lady in the Mountain West who told me about a brotha she was friends with who said "I can apply to any job [in CO], but I won't get a callback." mood He eventually moved back to the South.

Met a brotha in the Midwest who was from Louisiana that said "They move slow up here. [MO] is less progressive." yep

Heard some brothas in Louisiana talkin'bout Northerners and one said "In the South, Whites don't care if you make more than them. They just don't want you livin' next door. But in the North, they don't care if you live next door to them. They just don't want you makin' more than 'em." This felt fairly accurate after I moved to the Midwest for college.

edit: I may have mixed up North and South here, it's been too long. 🤔

Heard somebody on Reddit explain it as "In the North, they're "cross the street" kinda racists, and they're 1 in every 4. But in the South, they're "drag you behind a truck" kinda racists, and they're 1 in every 8." have i told you about the time i was not so subtly repeatedly called the N-word by 2-4 different White chicks shortly after arriving on campus for move in day? have i told you about how fucking obviously racist Euros are in the Midwest?

And I'mma always say this shit about y'all asses, the North (basically everything above Arkansas) ain't less racist than the damn South. Y'all just better at hidin' it.

You know what? Destroy the "people in rural areas are all ignorant conservatives" stereotype and start mocking the "trad"/anti-feminist/neonazi people that are obsessed with rural areas despite having never been to one

[peterchiublack]

實體清單/推定拒絕/許可證/舉證責任的置換

實體清單/推定拒絕/許可證/

舉證責任的置換

烏凌翔��美中科技戰與權力轉移－熱戰可以被避免嗎？( US-China Tech War and Power Transitions –Can a Hot War Be Avoided? )，臺灣大學社會科學院 政治學系博士論文，民國 111 年 12 月，頁206-210。

1一旦列名實體清單，就是推定拒絕，你來說服我，讓我給你許可證啊。

2商務部列實體清單，外界那知悉SOP，而且是商務部工業與安全局單方就算數。

3一旦列名實體清單，就是推定拒絕，你來說服我，讓我給你許可證啊。個案認定。你來個案說服我。

4知道實體清單的厲害了吧！不管三七二十一，通通列入實體清單輔以許可證政策。

5此種舉證責任的置換，不需立法之時的立法論理，只要 ECRA/EAR授權商務部有開列各式 清單權限為已足。

6知道ECRA/EAR授權商務部開列實體清單與種種清單的殺招了吧，當時美國相關報導都很少。

《出口管制改革法》( Export Control Reform Act. ECRA ) 2018.08.13

《外國投資風險審查現代化法》 ( FIRRMA ) 是包裹在《2019財政年度國防授權法》通過的

All Information (Except Text) for H.R.5040 - Export Control Reform Act of 2018 115th Congress (2017-2018)

https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5040/all-info#relatedBills-content

EAR746Supp.No.1規定了出口行為的一般禁令。“禁令”不代表“禁止交易“，而是在提醒我們進行交易時要特別注意許可證的要求。

1. CCL清單及EAR其他規定請查看BIS官網資訊：www.bis.gov

2. 判斷最終用戶是否受管制

如果產品的收件人和最終使用人屬於如下清單，可能被禁止出口受EAR管轄的商品或需要申請許可證。

　l 被拒絕清單(Denied Person List)

　l 實體清單(Entity List)

　l 未經核實清單(Unverified List)

　l 軍事最終用戶清單 (Military End-User (MEU) List)

　l 特別指定國民名單（SDN list）

___________

實體清單名冊已有669頁，封禁的是屬於中國大陸的實體公司以及大學與研究機構等等，其中30-238頁，pp.30-238。

https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/regulations-docs/2326-supplement-no-4-to-part-744-entity-list-4/file

___________

依照美國《出口管理規則》（Export Administration Regulation, EAR）規定，凡美國企業若欲出口、再出口或境外移轉貨品予實體清單（Entity list）中的企業時，須事前通過BIS的「許可證審查政策」（License review policy）。然而，BIS對申請案採取「推定禁止」（Presumption of denial）原則，意即若非有證據證明交易行為不會對美國國家安全及外交政策產生不利影響，將拒絕發放許可。

據了解，由於中國大陸所製造的超級電腦，多數仰賴由英特爾（Intel）、輝達（Nvidia）及超微半導體（Advanced Micro Devices, AMD）公司提供的晶片或微晶片，因此，在美國政府切斷對中國大陸晶片的供應後，恐影響中國大陸的超級電腦的運算能力。

------------

換言之，當時美國總統川普念茲在茲的貿易數字失衡只是美國技術流失的結果，所謂「中美貿易戰」實質上是一場科技保衛戰，之後，隨著美、中磨擦的演進，抱持相同看法的中、外學者來越多，520 這一方面確定了「中美貿易戰」的內涵，也為「中美科技戰」的內容，指引了一條研究途徑。不論美國政府官僚眼中是貿易戰��或科技戰，為了建立依法行政的基礎與未來制裁中國的「工具」或「武器」，各部會同步進行幕僚作業。主要有 2018 年分別由參院、眾院通過，8 月 13 日再由川普簽署的《2019 財年國防授權法》，

＊521 其中包括兩部法案都與對抗中國有關，一是《外國投資風險審查現代化法》（Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act, FIRRMA），

＊522 另一是《出口管制改革法》（Export Control Reform Act, ECRA）。

＊523 前者賦予財政部旗下「海外投資委員會」（The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, CFIUS）更大的權力審查更廣的投資範圍，增加了「申報」程序，當某項交易會導致外國政府直接或間接擁有“重大利益”的外國人士收購涉及關鍵基礎設施、關鍵技術或敏感數據的美國企業的“重大利益”時，強制要求申報，顯然是為了防止中國企業以併購美國公司的方式取得美國科技；後者則為商務部未來管制美國新興技術出口與再出口取得法源，商務部得以「國家安全」為由管制出口。

＊524 當時除了法律專業媒體，通俗媒體對這些法案內容的報導很少，有可能是外界一時沒看出這些法律與行政命令的重要性，以及完善這些法令所針對的對象就是中國， 之後美國政府這些「鋪陳」的效果逐步顯現後，外界才確認美國政府其實是「從投資、貿易和出口三個層面逐漸構建了一個對美國的跨境交易逐漸完善的審查體系」，美國這項立法算是「亡羊補牢」，因為在此之前的「2015 年至 2017 年間，中國不僅是每年申報交易數量最大的國家，在對美國關鍵技術企業的收購中，申報數量也是最多的」。

＊525 具備了以上法案，商務部就成了對中科技戰的主要「作戰單位」，財政部次之，國防部當然也沒缺席，本章後文會申論。那麼，究竟美國認為哪些領域必需保持相對優勢以防制中國不當取得其科技呢？依據本文之前第參章對於科學與技術的分析，科技領域的分類十分龐雜，中國近年來的追趕又十分緊迫，美國要確認自己到底在哪些科學與技術領域對中國享有優勢、或享有多少優勢，也許並不是件容易的工作，然而川普政府的國安團隊頻頻換手、經貿團隊組成雖較穩���卻也內訌不斷而顯現出在戰術上沒有章法，可能是更主要的原因。

526 從 301 報告發佈，又經過了 2019 年整年、2020 年大半年，美國商務部持續對中國各單位祭出各種程度的行政制裁，一直到外界都看出重點漸漸聚焦在半導體產業後，才公佈需要保護的重點科技領域清單，而且還從不同部門發出內容不一的清單。

[stefanieaugust]

Another opening another repeal...

Friends: The 115th Congress has hit the stone floor with an edict from our new VP mouth piece of the worst type the one whose strings are pulled by his unaccountable puppet-master!

 Pence on the fence? Not when it comes to this:

https://www.yahoo.com/news/pence-trump-will-sign-executive-orders-to-begin-repealing-obamacare-on-day-1-170144042.html

Meanwhile, back at the Tower on Mad-Ave. Trumpster is busy denigrating ratings of a new season of The Apprentice starring AHNOLD! Whad, ya expect, dude, he IS an immigrant after all! http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2017/01/06/trump-rips-arnold-schwarzeneggers-apprentice-ratings/96237162/

You can’t make this up friends American’s thrive on bad tv and Twitter as does our incoming ( I can’t bring myself to call him anything else ) who set another president on bad behavior with his bashing of the disabled during his campaign, giving license to the rest of to do this:

http://www.fox32chicago.com/news/crime/227116738-story

IF YOU THINK THIS IS ACCEPTABLE FRIENDS, THEN TAKE A ROOM AT THE GITMO HOTEL AND GET READY FOR EXTREME WATER-BOARDING! This will become a standard behavior over the next four years unless WE THE PEOPLE decide to thwart it.

It’s no wonder hate crimes increased after the Trumpster’s stumping:

http://www.fox32chicago.com/news/crime/227116738-storyAnd if USA today is reporting this type of news it means that they are leaning to the left just a wee bit to get out of the way of the gun-fire.

[lboogie1906]

Congresswoman Gwendolynne Sophia Moore (born April 18, 1951) is a politician who has served as the Representative for Wisconsin’s 4th congressional district since 2005. She was elected to serve as Caucus Whip of the Congressional Black Caucus for the 115th US Congress. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

The district is based in Milwaukee and as a result of 2011 redistricting includes some nearby Milwaukee County suburbs: Bayside, Brown Deer, Cudahy, Fox Point, Glendale, St. Francis, South Milwaukee, West Milwaukee, Shorewood, and Whitefish Bay. She is the first woman to represent the district. She is the second woman and the first African American elected to Congress from Wisconsin. She became the dean of Wisconsin’s congressional delegation in 2023.

She was born in Racine but has spent most of her life in Milwaukee. She is the eighth of nine children; her father was a factory worker and her mother was a public school teacher. She attended Marquette University. She earned a BA in Political Science.

As an organizer with AmeriCorps VISTA, she worked to establish the Cream City Community Development Credit Union to offer grants and loans to low-income residents to start businesses. She was awarded the national “VISTA Volunteer of the Decade” award. She worked for the City of Milwaukee as a neighborhood development strategist and for the state Department of Employment Relations and Health and Social Services. She worked for the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority as a housing officer.

Her son, Supreme Moore Omokunde became a member of the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors in 2015 and was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 2020. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[rusocialpod]

The Fight To Make Bad Jobs Better It's easy to find a job, just not a good one. Sources: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/04_jobs_autor.pdf https://cew-7632.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/Americas-Divided-Recovery-web.pdf http://www.epi.org/publication/still-falling-short-on-hours-and-pay-part-time-work-becoming-new-normal/ https://krueger.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/akrueger/files/katz_krueger_cws_-_march_29_20165.pdf https://cornerstonecapinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Retail-Automation_Stranded-Workers-Final-May-2017_corrected.pdf https://newrepublic.com/political-ad-database https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2013/04/art2full.pdf http://www.unionstats.com/ https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag44-45.htm https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag722.htm https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2942/text http://sfgov.org/olse/formula-retail-employee-rights-ordinances https://www.seattle.gov/laborstandards/ordinances/secure-scheduling https://www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/1136/Fair-Workweek-Ordinance http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/372-17/mayor-de-blasio-speaker-mark-viverito-that-new-york-city-the-largest-city-end#/0 https://olis.leg.state.or.us/liz/2017R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB828/Enrolled http://news.gallup.com/poll/218432/work-varying-hours-schedules.aspx https://ssascholars.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/work-scheduling-study/files/lambert.fugiel.henly_.precarious_work_schedules.august2014_0.pdf https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/income-volatility-service-sector-contours-causes-consequences/ https://www.amazon.com/Good-Jobs-Strategy-Companies-Employees-ebook/dp/B00DZQE31I/ref=sr_1_1 /// Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com to get up to speed on everything from Kurdistan to the Kim Kardashian app. Check out our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE Follow Vox on Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H Or on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o

[noahjamesmass]

"Music Modernization Act" | "MMA Music" | Orrin Hatch | 115th Congress — Asking Don Bacon and Tony Vargas why …

[rabbitcruiser]

National Vietnam War Veterans Day

We commemorate those who fought in the Vietnam War on National Vietnam War Veterans Day, March 29. There’s no doubt that the Vietnam War was one of the most brutal. In fact, there were over three million Vietnam War casualties during the years of battle. It was known as the Second Indochina War to Americans, and considering its long fighting time and brutality, National Vietnam War Veterans Day was created to honor all the Vietnam veterans who fought during its time.

History of National Vietnam War Veterans Day

The Vietnam War has a long history. It was one of the longest wars involving America. Starting in 1955, the war went on until 1975, making it the second-longest war, aside from the ongoing Afghanistan War. Over 2.7 million Americans served during this war In 1973. All combat and support units withdrew from Vietnam following the war, but it continued to have an impact on many of the families and people affected by the war.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day is acknowledged on March 29 every year, honoring anyone who served during its 20-year time. Since respect and combat support wasn’t immediately given to those who served after the war ended because of the number of deaths, the day was founded in 2017 to finally offer that respect to everyone involved.

Understanding that it wasn’t the soldiers’ choices to go to war, U.S. Senators Pat Toomey, R-Pa., and Joe Donnelly, D-Ind., introduced the legislation proposing the anniversary of the withdrawal of military units from South Vietnam as the date. It was President Donald Trump who signed the Act on March 29, calling for U.S. flags to be flown on this day to honor everyone who served during this time, whether they were in Vietnam or not.

Every year since it was founded in 2017, this national day has continued to be recognized on March 29. Aside from honoring those who fought, four other parts of this day that are meant to be highlighted are the service of the Armed Forces and support organizations during the war; the wartime contributions at home; the advancements in technology, science, and medicine; and the contributions by American allies.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day  timeline

2007 50th Anniversary of the Vietnam War

Congress incorporates language in H.R. 4986 authorizing this, which is then signed into law in 2008.

May 28, 2012 Vietnam War Commemoration on Memorial Day

The commemoration is held at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.

2012 President Obama Proclaims Vietnam Veterans Day

This leads to the 2017 legislation outlining March 29 as National Vietnam War Veterans Day.

2016 The Vietnam Veterans Day Coalition Seeks Legislation

They outline the history and timeline to ask for Vietnam War Veterans Day to be one of the first legislations passed during the U.S. 115th Congress.

National Vietnam War Veterans Day FAQs

How many Vietnam War veterans are still alive?

The U.S. estimates that about 610,000 people who fought during the time of the war are still alive today.

How old are the Vietnam War veterans today?

Ages range between 55 and 97, but the median is 68 years old.

Is National Vietnam War Veterans Day a federal holiday?

National Vietnam War Veterans Day is a U.S. holiday observed annually on March 29.

How to Honor National Vietnam War Veterans Day

Donate money to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund

Talk to any family members who may have been a part of it

Thank a Vietnam veteran!

Check out their Facebook page on this day where you can watch a live stream and read messages of thanks and, if you can, donate a bit toward the Fund to help those who are still alive after the war and may need support from organizations such as this. If you can’t donate, visit a memorial or volunteer at a commemoration.

Whether they were on the frontline or not, you may have parents or grandparents that served or were directly or indirectly involved in this wartime. Not everyone is comfortable talking about their time in the war, but some people enjoy sharing what they went through as a way to vent and cope. Listen to your parents’ or grandparents’ stories — you may learn something interesting about them.

Not only is this a good way to reach out to someone new and start a positive relationship, but they’ll absolutely appreciate you taking the time to thank them for their effort 50 years ago.

5 Facts About The Vietnam War

The average age of soldiers was 19

The Medal of Honor was awarded 258 times

The U.S. spent over $140 billion on the Vietnam War

500,000 people attended the anti-war rally

It isn’t called the Vietnam War in Vietnam

This is a big difference from the average age of 26 in WWII.

This is the highest military decoration.

In today’s economy, that’s about $1 trillion!

There were many all over the world, but this one took place in Washington, D.C. in 1969.

Instead, it is called the American War.

Why we love National Vietnam War Veterans Day

It recognizes everyone

It altered society’s perception

It gives veterans a chance to share their experience

This day is special because it doesn’t just recognize soldiers who fought in it, it recognizes anyone who was involved. Whether it’s the families who struggled back home, those working the support lines, or even other soldiers stationed elsewhere during the same time, this day is to appreciate everyone.

When soldiers first returned, people were not respectful toward them. War is drastic on the economy, but many who were involved had no choice but to go, and they deserve the respect and recognition for that. This national day changed that negative view.

It’s not easy to talk about the war, especially if you were a soldier. You probably witnessed a lot of terrible things. But a national day like this gives people an opportunity to share their experiences and teach the world a lesson on why wars should be avoided in the future.

Source

[musicf0rever]

Here's the vote information: https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2017695

[peterchiublack]

作為2019年美國國防授權法案（NDAA，編號115-232 , National Defense Authorization Act ( NDAA ) for Fiscal Year 2019）的一部分，美國國會制定了2018年出口管制法（ECA）。

[1-- ]

https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/5515/text

[2-- ]

https://www.congress.gov/115/statute/STATUTE-132/STATUTE-132-Pg1636.pdf

該立法的一個主要目的是加強保護美國的技術資源，具體方法是更多地限制向外國人轉移（特別是經由出口到中國的方式轉移），包括通過合資轉移，某些對美國國家安全和網絡安全至關重要的關鍵新興和基礎性技術，包括技術能力、規格和相關知識儲備。ECA 體現了關鍵技術和基礎設施重要性在國家安全中不斷增長的考量，對美國出口管控作出重大改變（主要是為了回應中國提出的挑戰），并通過把新興技術與國家安全的結合，擴展了美國國家政策在廣泛的範圍內保護美國國家安全利益。

ECA 為美國目前的商用和軍民兩用的產品、服務和技術（為方便起見，下文統稱“物品”）的出口管制建立了長久的成文法依據——即，由美國商務部（DOC）工業安全局（BIS）根據出口管理條例實施(EAR)。ECA廢除并取代了1979年的出口管理法案，該法案直到1994年過期之前，一直是軍民兩用產品和服務出口管制的成文法依據；在1994年期滿后，該法案一直通過由總統根據國際緊急經濟權力法案（IEEPA）簽發行政命令的方式逐年延期。

ECA 很大程度上延續了現行的，由BIS對出口、復出口和國內移轉（統稱為出口）根據國家安全和對外政策確定受美國管轄的物品進行管控的機制。ECA規定，除非根據ECA授權而特別修改、替代、擱置或撤銷，所有現存的BIS法規、命令、決定、許可或其他行政行為仍然有效。https://www.dwt.com/insights/2018/09/congress-enacts-the-export-controls-act-of-2018-ex

根據ECA，DOC不可以對現存的豁免產品和服務施加出口管制，例如人道主義救援和其他信息材料。

As part of the National Defense Authorization Act (“NDAA”) for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law No: 115-232, Congress enacted the Export Controls Act of 2018 (“ECA”).

1 A principal purpose of the legislation is to enhance protection of U.S. technology resources by imposing greater restrictions on transfer to foreign persons – particularly through exports to China -- of certain key emerging and foundational technologies and cybersecurity considered critical to U.S. national security, including technical capabilities, specifications and related knowledge, including through joint ventures. ECA reflects evolving U.S. national security concerns over the importance of critical technology and infrastructure, makes significant changes to U.S. export controls largely in response to perceived challenges presented by China, and by linking national security and emerging technologies, broadens U.S. policy to protect a wider scope of national security interests.

https://www.jdsupra.com/topics/export-controls/national-security/ndaa/

ECA establishes permanent statutory authority for current U.S. export controls on commercial and dual-use items – those with both civilian and military applications – enforced by U.S. Department of Commerce (“DoC”) Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) through the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”). ECA repeals and replaces the Export Administration Act of 1979, which was the statutory authority for dual-use export controls until it lapsed in 1994, and which has been continued every year since by Executive Order of the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”).

ECA largely continues the current BIS controls on the export, reexport and in-country transfer (collectively, “export”) of items subject to U.S. jurisdiction for national security and foreign policy concerns. ECA provides that all existing BIS regulations, orders, determinations, licenses or other administrative actions remain in effect until specifically modified, superseded, set aside or revoked under the authority of ECA. Under ECA, the DoC may not impose export controls on currently exempt items such as humanitarian aid and some informational materials.

制裁入門：美國如何利用限制性機制來推進外交政策或國家安全目標 2023 年 11 月 6 日

https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47829/2

Sanctions Primer: How the United States Uses Restrictive Mechanisms to Advance Foreign Policy or National Security Objectives November 6, 2023

在《2018 財政年度國防授權法案》（2018 NDAA；Pub. L. No. 115-91）中，美國將與華為相關的限制納入聯邦法律，超出了撥款範圍。 2018 年國防授權法案禁止國防部從華為和其他公司採購某些電信設備或服務，作為國防部與核威懾和國土防禦相關任務的一部分。 與先前的撥款條款不同，2018 年 NDAA 在立法中點名華為。 2018 年 NDAA 禁止國防部採購、取得、延長或續約包含華為、中興通訊或國防部長有理由相信其擁有、控製或「以其他方式關聯」的任何實體提供的電信設備或服務的合約。政府。 為了符合 2018 年 NDAA 的要求，電信設備或服務必須是為國防部提供核子威懾或國土防禦任務的系統的實質或必要組成部分或關鍵技術。