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poisonlove · 1 year ago

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Miss Ortega | j.o

part 7

—The cell is made up of the nucleus and the cytoplasm and is enclosed by the cell membrane, which regulates passage in and out. The nucleus contains chromosomes, the cell's genetic material, and the nucleolus, which produces ribosomes. My eyes shift to Olivia, who was jotting down my words in her notebook.

In the late afternoon, I was at Olivia's house to help her study science, primarily about what a cell is and its functions. Olivia nods, giving me a nervous smile.

—One last question... what's cell division?— She puts the tip of her pen between her teeth, thoughtful.

—Cell division is the process by which a cell multiplies, splitting into two. In prokaryotes, it happens through binary fission (DNA filament duplication and subsequent division into two identical new individuals). In eukaryotes, it occurs through mitosis and, in reproductive cells, meiosis.— I say, shrugging casually.

Olivia writes it all down and then closes her notebook with a soft thud, sighing with satisfaction and tiredness.

—We're done,— she murmurs weakly, looking at me with a smile on her lips.

—We're done,— I repeat, and she stretches, slightly tense from maintaining an uncomfortable position for a long time.

—I'm not surprised you never get a failing grade, you're a book,— she says as she gets up from her desk, flopping onto her bed's mattress.

—Don't exaggerate...— I chuckle and give her a playful look. —Now... will you let me hear something you've written?— I nervously bite my lip, accepting the invitation to sit beside her on the bed.

Olivia sighs and reluctantly agrees to my request, blushing as she looks at me. —Wait,— she murmurs softly, leaning towards the edge of the bed, picking up a guitar case from the floor. Olivia glances at me sideways, holding the guitar in her hands.

—I'll sing you a little snippet of the song, okay? Also... I haven't finished it yet,— she says, toying with the guitar strings, likely tuning it.

I gaze in awe at her profile. Olivia had her head tilted down, holding the guitar in her lap. Her eyes briefly meet mine for a split second before she looks away with flushed cheeks.

Taking a breath, she closes her eyes, focusing.

—And I won't fight for love if you won't meet me halfway...— she begins to sing. And I say that I'm through but this song's still for you–

Her voice sounds angelic, surprising me with her talent. Olivia glances at me briefly, giving me a small smile.

—All I want is love that lasts— her eyes glisten, still looking at me.

—Is all I want too much to ask?— her fingers pause, interrupting the sweet melody. Olivia sets the guitar aside and looks at me with embarrassment, accepting my applause.

—Oh my god... you have an amazing voice,— I admit, and she tucks a strand of hair behind her ear, staring at a fixed point on her lap. —Thank you,— she offers a shy smile, and I reciprocate.

A knock on the door draws our attention to the entrance of her room. Olivia's mother, Emma, is standing there with a smile on her lips.

—T/N, dear, why don't you stay for dinner with us?— Mrs. Rodrigo suggests.

With a smile, I look at Olivia's reaction. She's looking at me with bright eyes and a smile, nodding enthusiastically.

—That would be fantastic,— I reply, and immediately, two arms wrap around my neck, hugging me. The force makes me lie back on the bed, and amid laughter, I return the hug, smiling shyly at Emma, who watches us with tenderness as I hold Olivia in my arms.

(...) —So... how's it going with the girl you like?— Enid asks, hugging a pillow in her arms.

After helping Olivia study, I received an invitation from Enid to have a pajama party at her house, inviting Olivia as well since she was with me. The blonde only knew that I liked someone, but she didn't know who, and for obvious reasons, she was really mad at me. I know she's my best friend, but I still couldn't tell her that I was in love with Professor Ortega.

—Actually, it's all going wrong... she said it's better if I forget what happened,— I lower my head towards my lap, sadly biting my lower lip. —Well, what a jerk...— Enid makes a face. —If only I knew who she was, I would have given her a piece of my mind,— she says absentmindedly, pulling at the corners of the pillow in her hands.

—You tried your best,— I smile sideways, and Enid throws the pillow at my face, messing up my hair. I chuckle slightly and wink at her.

—What do you think about Olivia, though?— she suddenly asks, lying down on the bed. I turn toward the door, relieved when I see that the subject of conversation is still downstairs preparing popcorn for the movie.

—Are you crazy? She's here...— I whisper, and she rolls her eyes at my comment.

—I don't see her,— Enid turns toward me, focusing her attention on me.

I sigh and shake my head. —She's nice...— I shrug indifferently, smiling at the blonde. Enid raises an eyebrow and gives me a smile, silently asking me to tell her more.

—She's beautiful... there's no doubt... but you know I'm in love with someone else,— I play with my fingers, embarrassed by the situation.

—She'd be perfect for you, you know? Plus... she really likes you,— Enid confesses. She adjusts her pajamas and gets under the covers, getting ready to watch the movie on her room's TV.

—I know... but for now... I only see her as a friend,— I tuck a strand of hair behind my ear and look confused at Enid's reaction, who is looking with panic over my shoulder.

I turn to her line of sight and pale when I see Olivia near the door. The brunette awkwardly leaves the popcorn bowl on the shelf and, with tears in her eyes, looks at me, shaking her head with regret. I stand up and bite my lips, mentally scolding myself for being so stupid.

I close the door behind me.

—Liv, wait,— I quickly descend the stairs, trying to catch up with Olivia. The brunette ignores me and walks toward the couches, searching for her jacket. I quicken my pace and grab her wrist. Olivia turns around and looks at me with tear-streaked cheeks, making me feel guilty.

—What do you want? You've said enough,— she says with venom, clenching her jaw.

—Liv...— I whisper, and her eyes glisten. Her shoulders relax, and she tentatively shuffles in place, wanting to hear what I have to say.

—Tell me...— her voice tone is clearly broken, showing that my confession has hurt her. I step closer, placing my hands around her face, wiping away some tears. Her eyes look at me sweetly despite the pain she's feeling. She places a hand against mine, giving me a comforting squeeze.

—Right now... I'm in love with someone else,— she nods, with bitterness in her mouth. —But it doesn't mean that in the future, I can't be with you... if you heard the whole conversation... and I'm pretty sure you did... I said that for now, I see you as a friend,— I smile sidelong, stroking her cheek. Olivia tilts her chin up and licks her lips, looking at me seriously. Suddenly, we're at the same height level since she's on tiptoes. My breath catches in my throat, and I timidly observe what the brunette wants to do.

—Kiss me...— she whispers, closing her eyes and clenching her jaw. —I just want to kiss you... at least once,— she confesses, making my chest tighten. I remove one hand from her face and trail it down her back, stopping at her waist, pulling Olivia closer to me.

—This...— I swallow, nervous due to the proximity. —This I can do— I lean toward her face and close the minimal distance between our lips. The kiss is sweet and at the same time salty from her tears. Olivia wraps her arms around my neck, sighing against my lips, receiving the long-desired kiss. The rhythm of the kiss is slow; we're simply enjoying the contact between our mouths. Olivia taps her tongue against my lower lip, asking for permission to enter. I part my lips, and our tongues meet, tentatively exploring each other's mouths.

I press my forehead against hers after ending the kiss. The brunette has a smile on her lips, looking at me with shining eyes of happiness. She leans in and briefly connects our lips for a split second before pulling away.

—That was... wow,— I admit, and she nods, completely agreeing.

I have to admit that the kiss was beautiful, I really enjoyed it. Her lips were sweet, inviting in a different way from Jenna's. Just mentioning the brunette makes me grimace, and I try to erase the image of her eyes from my mind so as not to ruin the moment. Olivia looks at me smiling, happy about what just happened.

—So... shall we go upstairs to watch the movie?— I suggest, and she nods slowly, starting to climb the stairs, our hands still intertwined.

—So... can you wait? I know it sounds horrible to ask, but I want to know, I want to find out if it's truly over with... the other person. I swear, if she's convinced that our... relationship? I don't know what to call it... is completely over... I'll give myself a chance to be with you,— I timidly ask, nervous about making this proposition. Olivia sighs and nods her head with both sadness and excitement at having a chance with me.

—Yes... you're... you're right, you know? I understand... it's not easy to choose between two girls you like... I'll wait... and if you choose me... I promise I'll never leave, T/N,— she admits, making me shiver slightly at the intensity of her gaze. I blush.

—Alright... because I was already getting ready to chase after you to talk,— I joke, and she chuckles softly, tilting her head back.

Her fingers tighten around my hand, stroking the back of my hand with her thumb.

—I wouldn't have gone anywhere... not in pajamas, obviously,— she raises her head with pride, and I burst out laughing at the expression on her face.

—Well... now let's go watch the movie? Enid's waiting for us,— I suggest, and she nods, starting to climb the stairs while still holding my hand, our fingers entwined.

It was late, but I was still awake, studying for the English literature exam I had the next day. The words on the pages were blurry, and I was unsure if I'd remember half of what I was reading due to how tired I was. But I had to keep going to be able to say that I had at least tried.

The vibration of the phone on the desk pulled my attention away from the book. With a sigh of relief, I picked up the device, thanking my lucky stars for the break. I looked at the screen, puzzled, when I saw that both Olivia and Jenna had messaged me.

I decided to read Olivia's message first.

Liv: heyyy (1:13 AM)

Damn, was it already one in the morning?

Yo: Hey Liv!

Liv: Are you done studying?

I furrowed my brows and nervously bit my lower lip.

Yo: Not really.

Yo: But if you need help, I'm here.

Liv: Great! Actually, you'd do me a huge favor if you could open the window.

I closed the chat and walked over to a corner of my room, spotting Olivia in front of my house, holding her phone. I opened the window and leaned out, smiling at the girl standing on the street.

—What are you doing here?— I whispered, not wanting to wake up the rest of my family.

Olivia looked up from her phone and smiled at me.

As a response, she moved closer to stand right beneath my window, gazing up at the tree near my house. With a swift but careful movement, she started climbing its branches, eventually reaching out to touch the edge of my window with her fingertips.

—Are you crazy or something?— I looked at my friend with concern.

—If you help me, you'd be doing me a favor,— she panted, not being able to hold on much longer.

I extended my hand and grabbed hers, helping her into my room. With a little jump, she made it all the way in, looking at me with a nervous smile.

—So, spill it,— I absentmindedly stared at the lamp light that was focused on the book on my desk. I sighed in frustration.

—In a few days, there's the end-of-semester dance... you know, the start of the Christmas break...— she put her hands in her pockets, blushing as she looked at me.

Oh... I knew where this was going.

—T/N... would you like to come to the dance with me?— she asked, sounding hopeful.

I opened my mouth in surprise and remained silent for a few seconds, wanting to think about her proposal. In reality... I wasn't even sure if I wanted to go, as I didn't want to be a third wheel between Enid and Ajax... but if I had to choose someone to go with... besides Jenna, of course... it would definitely be Olivia Rodrigo.

—Yes...— I whispered, and she leaned slightly forward, not having heard my response. I widened my eyes when I saw the living room light shining through my slightly open door. Quickly, I grabbed Olivia by the shoulders and motioned for her to move towards the window, needing to get out of here immediately. Olivia placed a foot on a tree branch before turning back in my direction.

—So? — my eyes darted towards the door as I used my hands to urge Olivia. I looked at her with wide eyes before nodding repeatedly. —Yes?— she asked, with a smile on her lips.

—Yes! Now go before you get caught— I muttered under my breath, looking at Olivia. She nodded and leaned towards my face, briefly connecting our lips for a split second. I looked at her in surprise but didn't say anything, watching closely as she jumped down from the tree, landing on her feet.

—Goodnight— she smiled at me, waving her hand, and ran down the sidewalk towards her house on the other side of the neighborhood.

With a yawn, I returned to my desk, picked up my phone, turned off the lamp, and collapsed onto my bed. A sigh of relief escaped my mouth as I heard the sound of the toilet flushing.

Well, it was just a bathroom break.

I turned on my phone and went on WhatsApp, reading Jenna's message. I couldn't deny that I was quite nervous; I didn't expect her to message me after days... maybe a week or two without hearing from her.

Ortega: Are you awake?

Yo: Yes.

Jenna's smile appeared on my screen, and I responded to her call with confusion.

—Hello?— I asked, hearing a breath on the other end. Jenna remained silent for a few seconds before speaking.

—Is it true?— she asked, leaving me completely stunned. I got under the covers, trying to figure out what to say.

—What?— I inquired, not exactly sure what she was talking about. She sighed in frustration before gritting her teeth.

—There are rumors at school that you and Rodrigo are together... is it true?— she muttered, sounding both annoyed and curious.

—Excuse me?— I was rather incredulous, not being able to believe what I was hearing. Jenna Ortega had called me in the middle of the night to ask me something like this.

—Is it true or not? ANSWER— she raised her voice, noticeably angry. I could hear her heavy breathing, making me feel uncomfortable and slightly afraid.

—No... We're not together... we're just getting to know each other... that's it,— I confessed, nervously biting my lower lip. —But anyway, isn't it none of your business who I'm dating? After all, you were the one who wanted distance a few days ago,— I retorted, annoyed by her attitude.

Jenna sighed loudly and ended the call, leaving me feeling both triumphant and confused. Whatever had gotten into her, I didn't know, but in any case, she had no right to treat me like this, especially after she wanted to pull away.

I placed the phone on the bedside shelf and closed my eyes, trying to fall asleep. The ghost of Olivia's kiss lingered on my lips, while Jenna's voice echoed in my head.

To say that I'm confused is an understatement.

#wednesday addams x reader #jenna ortega x reader #jenna ortega #jenna ortega x you #miércoles addams #jenna ortega x y/n #wednesday x you #jenna ortega x fem!reader #wednesday addams x you #professor #olivia rodrigo #kisses

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hnm-tech-support · 4 months ago

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.....

Data recovered from disks taken from the labs of HNM Biotech's Dr. Yeva.

[Decryption failed, most files corrupt. Accessible data shown below]

HOLY NIGHTMARE CO. BIOTECH 04175401 DARK MATTER RESEARCH - SUMMARY - CATEGORIES - EXTERMINATION PROTOCOLS - IMMUNITY PROJECT

HOLY NIGHTMARE CO. BIOTECH 06305206 14-5566-0009 PROJECT LOGS - COLD FLAME - FALLEN STAR - WHITE OBLIVION - TROJAN MARE - RISING TIDE

DARK MATTER RESEARCH SUMMARY Dark Matter is the colloquial name given to a virus-like lifeform that needs to infect other living creatures to reproduce, feeding off these hosts like parasites. The basest form is a mere particle with no intelligence or will of its own. Lesser than even a single ant and more like a bacterium, it needs to mass into larger quantities, becoming a sort of "colony" that communicates through a hivemind. It reproduces through binary fission while infecting another living creature, releasing excess Dark Matter to split off into more copies. Other methods of reproduction are suspected but have not been recorded. Naturally more animal-like and instinctual in nature, only by infecting hosts of sapient species is it able to develop intellect of its own. However, as infected hosts no longer feel emotions such as fear, Holy Nightmare is devoted to preventing the spread at all costs to protect Nightmare’s continued control of the known universe. Hosts are infected when particles of Dark Matter enter the body through wounds or orifices. The infectious dose is quite high- most can fight off casual exposure. It doesn't spread well through the air and prefers physical contact. Host becomes part of the hivemind and will try to spread to other victims. This form is the primary way they spread but also the most obvious, as feral Dark Matter doesn't have the intelligence needed to hide itself effectively. They often start with animals and other less intelligent beings. WARNING: When threatened all forms can cause rapid mutations in the host to increase defensive ability, such as growing sharp claws or new mouths. They can heal the host if injured as well, but in extreme situations will evacuate the host to escape. This is often fatal.

CATEGORIES

They have a social structure superficially similar to eusocial insects, with each lower form being subservient to those higher. They advance in stages over their lifetimes, with the speed they grow seemingly based on how many and the quality of hosts they’ve consumed. Feral/Massed - As Dark Matter multiplies, smaller parts will gather into undifferentiated masses. The most numerous form, presenting as little more than inky black ‘blobs’ with varied numbers of eyes. They have little individuality at this phase and tend to join and split at random to create larger masses, but can't hold complex forms. Without a more advanced individual to control them, these will default to a simple 'spread and infect' mode of attack. Drones - Massed Dark Matter eventually begins splitting off into smaller and more stable colonies with a single eye. Notable are the orange orbs they form around the center mass, although the purpose is unknown. They become capable of hovering flight in this stage. Higher level Dark Matter can also spawn small versions of these from their own bodies by sacrificing a small amount of their own mass. Soldiers - Dark Matter drones that have infected many hosts of more intelligent species can begin to gain something akin to sapience, perhaps through a form of horizontal gene-transfer. They can keep more complex forms, often wielding weapons on their own. They're also better at hiding their presence in a host. Regents - The oldest and most powerful, their bodies turn pure white. Highly intelligent and extremely rare, they are believed to control all other Dark Matter.

EXTERMINATION PROTOCOLS- Dark Matter is resistant to cutting and bludgeoning weapons, and requires high energy to be damaged. Fire is effective, as is electricity. Focused light-based weaponry is the most effective counter when they're outside of a host. Inside a host they're more difficult to deal with- complete obliteration of both is recommended. Advances in destabilizing technology block the ability of individual particles from cooperating and cause a temporary loss of form. This hasn’t been tested on more advanced types. Current protocol when dealing with heavily infected planets is complet- [...the rest is too corrupted to access…]

IMMUNITY PROJE%55C77T000--- $F2r33r Ce&b2w~r9p/g 6G(eb*w#n<a $Z6+ne3r+

----------------------------

PROJECT LOGS - COLD FLAME - FALLEN STAR - WHITE OBLIVION - TROJAN MARE - RISING TIDE

-------------

PROJECT COLD FLAME [COMPLETE] PCF-01 [DECEASED] PCF-02 [DECEASED] PCF-03-A [MIA] PCF-03-B [KIA]

Selecting PCF-03-A and B show images of two tiny, almost cute blue lizard-like creatures, alongside what are presumably their larger adult forms, covered in icy spikes, alongside information describing developing and enhancing their ice powers and removing previous weaknesses. 03-B is described as being killed in battle with Galactic Soldiers, while 03-A's body was simply never found.

------------- PROJECT FALLEN STAR [CANCELED] PFS-01-A [DECEASED] PFS-02-B [DECEASED] PFS-03 [DECEASED] PFS-04 [REPURPOSED] PFS-05 [REPURPOSED]

DATA INACCESSIBLE

-------------

PROJECT WHITE OBLIVION [COMPLETE] PWO-01 [STASIS] PWO-2 [MIA]

PWO-01 describes the lab working with a creature said to modify memories, and how this can be weaponized. The creature is interchangeably called 'Erasem' or 'Oblivio'- apparently different HNM scientists disagreed on a name. PWO-02 just seems to be an improved version of the last, actually getting used a few times on the enemy to sew chaos among the GSA by rendering important individuals forgotten by their comrades. However after one much later mission it is said to go missing entirely, and the project is put to an end due to difficulty in managing the creature.

-------------

PROJECT TROJAN MARE [DEFUNCT] FORMERLY [REDACTED] PTM-01 [DECEASED] PTM-02 [DECEASED] PTM-03 [DECEASED] PTM-04 [DECEASED] PTM-05 [DECEASED] PTM-06 [DECEASED] PTM-07 [DECEASED] PTM-08 [DECEASED] PTM-09 [DECEASED] PTM-10 [DECEASED] PTM-11 [DECEASED] PTM-12 [DECEASED] PTM-13 [DECEASED] PTM-14 [DECEASED] PTM-15 [DECEASED] PTM-16 [DECEASED] PTM-17-A [DECEASED] PTM-17-B [DECEASED] PTM-18 [DECEASED] PTM-19 [DECEASED] PTM-20 [TERMINATED] PTM-21 [DECEASED] PTM-22 [DECEASED] PTM-23-A [DECEASED] PTM-23-B [TERMINATED] PTM-24-A [REPURPOSED] PTM-24-B [REPURPOSED]

DATA INACCESSIBLE

------------

PROJECT RISING TIDE [DEFUNCT] PRT-01-X [DECEASED] PRT-02-Y [DECEASED] PRT-02-X [TERMINATED] PRT-03-Y [TERMINATED] PRT-03-X [TERMINATED]

Describes a project to turn a planet's native sea life into demon beasts.

@kirbyoctournament

(This is from a roleplay session over at the Discord! I figure I'd share it for more people to see if you're curious about figuring stuff out about Techie)

#kirby oc tournament #lore drop #i wish i coulda added more detail but I don't have the energy #the important bits are all there

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m1shapanda · 1 year ago

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EXACTLY. we can still eat ice cream while tring to hide from our kids :33

mreow :3

i like when i clicked on this ask a notif immediately popped up and it’s you and mika fighting over who’s paying for ice cream lmao

so how’s the marriage life for you?

meowmeow meow :3

#they're probably multiplying from binary fission again #misha.moots

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o-craven-canto · 2 years ago

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Ea, Our Second Chance (10c)

10c. Eucytobionta (part 3/3, biotechnology)

(Index) (< 10b. Eucytobionta, unicellular diversity > 11. The early days)

(original link)

« For the future of war: study bacteria. Information is their key. Taking down antibiotic defence systems has involved them in every kind of infiltration, net-communicated adaptivity, cryptographic subtlety, plastic modularization, and synergistic coalition... Bacterial sex is tactical, continuous with making war. » – Nick Land, Meltdown, 1994

« Remember that the so-called laws of Nature are always descriptive, never prescriptive... All that unfolds before us in the natural world, it's up to us to shape it in the form that serves best that which thinks and feels. Down with the natural; up with the good. » – architect Evgeny Kantorovich, The Inhuman Humane

« During cellular division, in both one-celled and multi-celled organisms, it's possible to identify a "mother" and a "daughter" cell by the fact that the latter receives only a copy of the protonucleus. Only once the division is complete does it divide again to generate the new paranuclei. Presumably this is a measure to limit the transmission of dangerous mutations (see Appendix B), which are bound to occur in the mother's paranuclei because of their massive activity of PNA replication, but not in the protonucleus, which bears only one, relatively inert copy of each gene.

[...] During paranuclear genesis, not all genes are multiplied equally. The exact amount of copies that are produced of each gene seems to be the most important tool of developmental regulation, especially in multicellular organisms, wherein different cells must be specialized for different tasks (see Appendix D, 23-31). [...] We believe that identifying the genes that regulate paranuclear gene multiplication would allow significant directed alteration to the development of economically-significant cultured organisms, for example by directly increasing the edible storage tissue of a new strand of nopal trees.

[...] It's worth noting that nevertheless a paranucleus contains far fewer mutations than one would expect from its rate of PNA replication (see Appendix D, 37-42), which suggests extremely strong safeguards against replication errors. [...] Given the multi-terabyte capacity of each paranucleus, we suggest that synthetic PNA within a paranuclear environment could be an extremely effective form of micro-storage for digital information.

[...] Sexual recombination uncoupled from reproduction, or conjugation, is common among Ean microbes as it is among Terran ones. Most commonly [...] two partners duplicate their protonucleus by binary fission, and exchange one copy with each other. The diploid nucleus resulting from the fusion of the stationary protonucleus with the one received from the other partner immediately performs meiosis to produce once again haploid protonuclei (see Appendix B ) carrying a mixture of genes from both partners. All such protonuclei but one are dismantled and digested, as are the existing paranuclei. New paranuclei are generated, as described above, by the division of the surviving protonucleus.

Recent studies (see Appendix D, 51-64) suggest that a similar process of quasi-sexual genetic exchange (microconjugation) may occur among the cells of multicellular organisms [...] and that virus- or viroid-like particles may be introduced into the conjugating nuclei (see Appendix D, 65-67). We propose to look into the potential of artificial microconjugation to insert arbitrary PNA sequences into selected target cells. This would allow highly targeted modification of already-developed Ean multicellular organisms, with an extremely broad array of applications: consider splicing metal-sequestering cuprophyte complexes into fast-growing phytoplankton for oceanic mining, or breeding edible Enantiozoa with pre-flipped flesh. »

– internal memo, Penglai-Lifeware, "Three avenues of investigation into cellular xenobiology", circa 160 AL

#speculative biology #speculative evolution #xenobiology #alien life #scifi #my work #ea our second chance

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symbioteburnout · 1 year ago

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"Wait, how many Astolfos are there!? Are they multiplying by binary fission!?"

#i count three stolfos!

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glacialheart · 1 year ago

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GIVING U A HUGE HUG RNN AUAGAHAG I HOPE U FEEL BETTER SOON UEUUEE DW BABES WE CAN RUN AWAY N HIDE FROM OUR 202828747473990101 KIDS (they multiplied again uqgh)

PICKING YOU UP AND SPINNING YOU AROUND DW I'M MUCH BETTER NOW!!! SHDKHDFJVHAS I'M SURE OUR KIDS CAN SURVIVE (sigh,,,, kids these days with their binary fission)

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m1shapanda · 1 year ago

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WE'RE GETTING REMARRIED SOON!! n we had like 1 kid but then they multiplied due to binary fission n now there r hudreds n they're trying to overthrow the government

hear me out double date with you kaveh me and alhaitham (and no one knows who the actual couples are shskhsksgkshskhskhsksjk)

NO ONE KNOWS WHO THE ACTUAL COUPLES ARE IM CRYIINGGGGGGG we're all holding hands in a circle actually (BTWE THIS IS SUCH A CUTE FUCKING IDEA)

#dunno where they r now #misha.moots

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autodidact-adventures · 3 years ago

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Bacteria, Fungi & Viruses

Micro-Organisms

Micro-organisms (also called microbes) are very small organisms that can usually only be seen with a microscope. Sometimes it's possible to see a colony of microbes with the naked eye.

A microbe that is only one cell is unicellular; a microbe made of two or more cells is multicellular.

While micro-organisms aren't easily seen, it's still possible to see the results of their activity. Harmful micro-organisms can spoil food, damage crops and cause diseases.

An organism is a living object – an organic, living system that functions as an individual entity. (Most biologists agree that viruses do not count as organisms.) All organisms are made of cells, and need the essential life processes to survive.

The essential life processes are:

movement

respiration

sensitivity

circulation

growth

reproduction

excretion

nutrition

The acronym for remembering this list is MRS C. GREN.

The three types of micro-organisms are bacteria, viruses and fungi.

Bacteria (Structure)

There are thousands of different types of bacteria (some unicellular, some multicellular).

The bulk of the bacterial cell is the cytoplasm, where the chemical reactions of life occur. This is a thick solution that fills the cell, and is composed mainly of water, salts and proteins.

The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm, and controls the entry and exit of chemicals.

A stiff cell wall encloses the cell membrane, and provides support to it.

Some bacteria can swim, using a propeller-like flagellum (pl. flagella).

Bacteria have no cell nucleus. The genes of a bacterium are located on a chromosome that floats in the cytoplasm. This chromosome controls the activities of the bacterium.

Basic diagram of a bacterium.

Transmission electron micrograph of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, showing a flagellum at one end of the cell.

Bacteria (Roles)

Most bacteria are consumers (i.e. they can't make their own food).

Parasites live in/on larger organisms, and feed off them.

Saprophytes consume dead matter (e.g. compost). This can be dead organisms, or products of organisms.

Pathogens cause disease by damaging tissue, or producing toxins.

Bacteria (Life Processes)

Bacteria feed by secreting enzymes onto dead or living matter. This breaks down the larger molecules into smaller molecules, so that they can be absorbed by the bacteria.

This is called extra-cellular digestion (i.e. it happens outside the cell) as opposed to intra-cellular digestion (which happens inside the cell).

Bacteria use a process called anaerobic respiration to release energy from these food molecules. (Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen.)

However, some bacteria can release energy from food without the presence of oxygen. This is called aerobic respiration.

Bacteria excrete by allowing wastes to diffuse out through the cell membrane, into the environment.

As bacteria feed, they grow larger. They engage in reproduction using the process of binary fission. This is how it works:

The chromosome is duplicated.

The cell pinches in half.

Two separate “daughter cells” are formed (each with their own chromosome).

Diagram of a bacterium undergoing binary fission.

This is asexual reproduction, because it occurs without sex. It is faster than sexual reproduction, but the drawback is that the offspring have identical genes to the “parent” bacterium.

In inhospitable conditions, some bacteria form resistant spores that can survive for years. When the spores land on dead or living tissue, they germinate and multiply.

Viruses

Viruses are extremely small objects, much smaller than bacteria. They cannot feed or move, and the only life process they carry out is reproduction (and they must do this by taking over living cells).

Viruses are not cells, and they are not alive – therefore they are not considered to be micro-organisms.

There are thousands of different types of viruses.

A virus is made up of a string of genes coiled up inside a protein coat. The protein coat can form different shapes.

Basic diagram of a virus.

Viruses are very efficient at reproduction. They use a process called replication:

A virus lands on the surface of a cell.

It inserts its genes into the host cell.

The viral genes take over the cell.

They make the cell assemble thousands of copies of the virus.

The host cell eventually ruptures.

This releases the new viruses, which then spread to other cells or organisms.

The genes of a virus readily mutate (change). This is why new strains of viruses emerge regularly (e.g. the new strains of cold and flu viruses every year).

A virus is a pathogen, because it always damages the host cell.

Viral diseases include colds, influenza, hepatitis B and AIDS.

Transmission electron micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus particles (in red) isolated from a patient.

Fungi (Life Processes)

Fungi are a large group of organisms, including unicellular yeasts, and multicellular moulds, mushrooms and toadstools.

Like plants, fungi are immobile; but unlike plants, they are consumers and cannot make their own food. They have to live off other organisms.

Most fungal organisms are saprophytes (consuming dead matter). Some are parasites on living organisms, absorbing food from them. Fungi that are human parasites can cause thrush or athlete's foot.

Multicellular fungi are made up of hyphae. These are very fine feeding threads that invade the tissue of the host organism or food.

Hyphae of a mushroom.

Like bacteria, fungi release digestive enzymes onto their food, and then absorb the digested food (i.e. via extra-cellular digestion). Fungi can carry out aerobic and anaerobic respiration to obtain energy from food. They excrete wastes in the same way that bacteria do.

Fungi are spread by spores – microscopic cells with tough walls. They are produced by sporangia (special spore capsules).

Millions of spores are released to float in the air (spore dispersal). They eventually settle on dead or living tissue, where they germinate, sending out hyphae. The hyphae grow rapidly, and invade the new host.

(If there is no suitable tissue, they remain dormant.)

When a single parent produces the spores, this is a form of asexual reproduction, producing genetically-identical offspring. Fungi can also reproduce sexually, which results in variation amongst the offspring.

A microscopic view of cultured athlete’s foot fungus.

Culturing Micro-Organisms

Micro-organisms can be grown on a special medium called agar, a jelly-like substance that contains all the nutrients needed for the growth of microbes.

The sterile agar is heated, and then poured into a petri dish, where it sets into a jelly.

To grow bacteria or fungi in a petri dish:

Lightly wipe a cotton bud over the surface of the object that you're investigating.

Lift the petri dish lid, and gently brush the bud over the surface of the agar. This technique is called inoculation – the introduction of cells onto agar to culture (grow) them.

Quickly replace the lid. Place the dish upside down (to prevent water from condensing on the agar) and seal it with tape.

Place the petri dish in a warm place for several days. This is called incubation – growing microbes on agar in warm conditions.

Factors that affect growth rate include warmth, oxygen, moisture, acidity and nutrients.

Petri dish with micro-organisms isolated from a deepwater sponge.

Source: Science: NCEA Level 1 (New Zealand Pathfinder series).

#science #biology #microbiology #virology #bacteria #viruses #fungi #covid 19

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dogcoding · 3 years ago

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had a dream i had 2 rabbits but they kept fucking well like rabbits i suppose and they would not stop multiplying it was more like binary fission than actual reproduction tbh it was so horribly fast. and then like 20 of them escaped all round the house. so stressful

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pathologising · 4 years ago

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if you get NF is it just like the one organism that kills you or does she multiply when she gets in there?

a whole buncha them! trophozoites of n. fowleri reproduce by binary fission :). if you dont know what that is, it’s a form of asexual reproduction wherein an organism duplicates its DNA and splits into two little new and identical dudes!

heres an infographic! (cr)

#can you tell i really enjoy using infographics to learn stuff....#parasitology #naegleria fowleri #medical #anonymous #💌

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bibliolokust · 6 years ago

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‘gray matter.’

another that i had clear (yet, it turns out, incorrect) memories of reading, ‘gray matter’ is a relatively straightforward tale of body horror in that long tradition of horror stories in which a human is somehow transformed over the course of time into something entirely Other and it’s the first time king really delves into the voice of grumpy old white new england retirees that he would hone all throughout his career and, while some of the old timey turns of phrase read a bit goofy, it’s surprising how assured he already is with that voice and neither the narrator nor his fellow elderly barroom buddies read like caricature.

while i had remembered the general plot of a child’s drunken layabout of a father turning into something between an amoeba and the inscrutable alien organism from irving s. yeaworth’s 1958 teen horror film, ‘the blob,’ what i had misremembered was the story being told from the child’s perspective and, rather, the narrator hears the details of what has happened to little timmy grenadine’s father, richie, secondhand after the child had told the bartender the story, coming in all aflush and on the edge of a breakdown to get his father his nightly case of beer. and i can’t help but be struck at how much more assured king is inhabiting the elderly narrator and how much more gravitas that gives the story than how i had remembered it.

as the bartender shows that he brought his massive .45 caliber handgun (referred to as a ‘hogleg’ and a ‘frenchman’s pecker’ in a couple bits of that ol’ new england jive that come together far better than one would expected given how clumsy and... off so much of his simile and metaphor usage was in ‘the mangler’) and explains the sad tale of richie grenadine drinking a bad can of beer and turning into a photophobic grey ‘lump’ we’re treated with a wonderful combination of pathos and hardness that captures, very effectively, that particular sort of old masculinity that king has struggled with, so far, as there’s a general sort of dislike already pointed at richie grenadine that’s tempered with a sort of ‘takes all kinds’ broad sympathy for the man.

before the men reach the apartment building that the grenadines live in, trudging through one of those hellish winter storms that northern new england is famous for, we’re treated to what i firmly believe is another of a few kernels king wrote that eventually grew into his monumental (and monumentally flawed) novel,’ ‘it,’ with the remembered tale of a man named george kelso who worked for the bangor public works department who suddenly quit after coming out of the tunnels with his hair turned white (a biological misunderstanding that, nevertheless, pos up in a number of kings work [although it’s usually forgivable as it adds to the general feeling of folk tales and urban legends that suffuse much of king’s oeuvre]) and sets to drinking himself to death while, at one point, mentioning that he saw a ‘spider as big as a good-sized dog setting in a web full of kitties an’ such all wrapped up in silk thread’ (the titular cosmic horror of the later novel being described as something that, while we cannot truly comprehend it, our brains reconcile as being akin to a giant spider that uses the sewers of derry, maine, to den in and travel through.) this image, combined with the nature of the boogeyman preying on terrified children in the previous story and the subterranean horror of ‘jerusalem’s lot,’ to me, clearly plant the seeds of ‘it’ (and one can even argue that the ironworks disaster in the novel harkens back, if only slightly, to the machinery gone malevolent in ‘the mangler.’)

right before the men enter the building, henry tells how young timmy saw, through a judas hole (peephole), his father remove a dead cat ‘swole up all stiff’ with ‘little white things crawlin’ all over it’ and eat it, which chills the men even in the bitter cold of the winter storm. they enter and the narrator describes the stink of the place, likening it to a cider mill in summer, and a dead dog he had once dragged from under the porch and it’s clear that king is taking a certain glee in trying to ever so gently gross the reader out, to unsettle the stomach rather than schock, and it’s rather effective and when one of the men cries ‘look what we’re walkin’ in!,’ we’re treated to a vision of a carpet eaten away by puddles of gray slime (the implication in which being that the poor bastard, richie grenadine, had not just become something inhuman but something whose flesh, whose very substance, was inimical to life as we know it.)

readying his firearm, henry calls to richie, telling him that he should come out and get his beer and it’s at this point, with richie’s transformed voice being referred to as ‘low and blubby,’ ‘like a mouthful of suet,’ and ‘horribly eager’ as he (it?) tells henry to pull the tabs on the beer and push them inside because he (it?) can’t that henry questions richie by saying ‘it ain’t just dead cats anymore, is it?’ which causes the narrator to recall that two young girls and 'some old salvation army wino’ had disappeared during the night, recently, and richie responds by threatening to come out.

as henry tells richie that he better, we’re treated to the image of the door bulging out before bursting open, echoing back to the biological horror that richie grenadine had become and, as everyone but henry flees (him firing at least three shots from that handgun of his) we learn that narrator caught a glimpse of the richie thing and that it had four eyes, instead of two, and seemed to be undergoing a process similar to the binary fission of bacteria, and he begins to almost obsessively start multiplying in his head (getting to ‘32,768 times two is the end of the human race’ after the men return to the bar to wait for henry’s return.

‘gray matter’ being one of king’s most effective early creepers, it combines the small town working class (that he’s finally getting the hang of properly describing) with a relatively facile body horror notion quite well and his affected prose elevates the piece (and the horror of it) rather than detracting from it and it’s worth noting that, up through this point, every one of the stories in ‘night shift’ have been open ended, letting the reader decide the ultimate fate of the players and this is something that has had varying degrees of success (it works well in ‘night surf’ and ‘graveyard shift,’ terribly in ‘the mangler,’ and just feels sort of tacked on to the end of ‘jerusalem’s lot’ as the REAL last of the boon family moves in) but, here, that open endedness, that uncertainty, of whether henry will win and return or whether he’ll be eaten by richie leaves so much more at stake and creates a truly chilling ending to what just might be one of king’s best short stories.

#.sjb.#THINKING HORROR #stephen king #night shift

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liesmyteachertoldme · 2 years ago

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Bacteria - Fungus - Yeast

Let’s first take a quick look at the difference between fungi and bacteria. Both are minute organisms that are found in almost every ecosystem on earth, and both can associate with other groups of living things. As mentioned above, they can either be harmless and necessary in biological processes, or they can be highly dangerous.

The main difference between fungi and bacteria is their cellular structure. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they do not possess a nucleus, while fungi are eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a very well-defined nucleus. While both organisms have cell walls, what makes up these cell walls is different. Fungi, for the most part, have long hollow tubes that form networks (hyphae).

Each of these tubes is bordered by a strong wall made from chitin — the same substance that forms the exoskeletons of insects. Hyphae grow from their tips and reach out in a branching manner to form a network called mycelium. As the mycelium grows, it produces fruiting bodies and other structures that are rich with reproductive spores.

Bacteria multiply by binary fission when parent bacterium divide to make the same sized daughter cells. Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually by a process of branching fragmentation and budding (as in the case of yeast).

Fungi are scavengers, feeding off dead stuff — kind of like the buzzards you see cleaning up roadkill along the highway. Bacteria, on the other hand, are a little more sophisticated in the fact that they can actually manufacture their own food.

Types of fungal infections

There are several fungal infections that result from different types of fungi entering the body.

For instance, Aspergillus fungi can be inhaled through the mouth or nose and can cause fever, cough and wheezing. In very severe instances, this fungal infection can spread to other organs including the brain, skin and bones.

Cryptococcus neoformans is found in the soil or in bird droppings. This fungus also enters the body through the mouth or nostrils and can cause a lung infection resulting in a cough or chest pain.

Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungus that is commonly found in eastern and central United States in soil that contains bird and bat feces. When spores are disturbed, they can be inhaled and can cause flu-like symptoms, body aches, fever and cough.

Candida albicans

Yeast, also known as Candida albicans, is a type of fungus that is present in all humans. The fungus is found on both the skin and mucus membranes. In small amounts, it is harmless to the body.

However, when the growth of yeast increases dramatically, the results can be absolutely devastating. Did you know that yeast overgrowth is considered to be one of the most prevalent, yet unrecognized conditions to man?

When you have a healthy body, the yeast is kept under control by the healthy bacteria within your body. However, medical antibiotics — and those found in much of the meat we eat — will upset the balance of your friendly bacteria. Since antibiotics are nonselective, they work to weaken the good bacteria that keep yeast in check.

The yeast then begins to flourish, and before you know it, it’s completely out of control. Antibiotics are not the only contributor to the upset of your healthy bacteria; cortisone, some birth control pills and certain drugs have an effect on it, as well.

Once the yeast has overgrown in your body, it thrives on sugar, carbohydrates, moldy foods, fermented foods and vinegar. If you’ve ever noticed that your cravings for any of these are very strong, chances are, you have a yeast overgrowth in your body.

When the level of yeast is elevated in your body, toxins are released into your bloodstream in high amounts. These waste products have a profound effect on your well-being and are linked to many health problems.

Signs of yeast gone wild

The effects of yeast overgrowth will worsen over time, and will seriously compromise physical, mental and emotional well-being. According to researchers, hidden, deviant fungus may be the reason for any number of seemingly unrelated health complaints.

Just another reason why it is so important to not look at symptoms in isolation. Very often, you will find that two seemingly unrelated things, like muscle twitches and frequent bladder infections, are the result of yeast gone wild.

Here are 32 signs that yeast may have moved in and is slowly taking over your body. If you suffer frequently from more than three of these, it may be time to learn more about yeast.

Fungal infections on skin or nails

Athlete’s foot

Toenail fungus

Fatigue

Fibromyalgia

Constipation

Bloating

Diarrhea

Bad breath

Dry mouth

Joint pain

Numbness

Hair loss

Headaches

PMS

Heartburn

Burning eyes

Lack of impulse control

Hyperactivity

Poor concentration

Brain fog

ADD, ADHD

Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ulcerative colitis or multiple sclerosis

Mood swings

Anxiety

Depression

Strong cravings for sugar or refined carbohydrates

Eczema or psoriasis

Hives

Seasonal allergies or itchy ears

Urinary tract infections

Vaginal or rectal itching

#bacteria #fungus #yeast

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blueweave8 · 3 years ago

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Amoxicillin Sodium Market Insight, Outlook, Forecast 2022-2028

According to BlueWeave Consulting, the global amoxicillin sodium market is estimated to reach USD 679.1 million by 2020 and is further projected to reach USD 905.2 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% during 2021-2027 (forecast period). Amoxicillin is defined as an antibiotic, that belongs to the class of penicillin. Amoxicillin sodium is highly effective against various bacteria like Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhea, E. coli, Pneumococci, and many others. Amoxicillin is a common bactericidal drug, and it does not directly kill the bacteria, instead completely stops the bacteria from multiplying. Amoxicillin also acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This cell wall is necessary to protect the bacteria from the external environment and keep the bacteria safe. It is also impossible for bacteria to survive without a cell wall.

Growing Bacterial Infections is expected to drive the Amoxicillin Sodium market

The growing bacterial infections across the globe is the major driving factor for the global amoxicillin market. Bacterial growth is the proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Though, providing no event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Bacteria can grow in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or low acid. Furthermore, microbes can also cause acute infections, which are short-lived. Chronic infections can last for weeks, months, or a lifetime. This is also known as latent infections, which may not cause symptoms at first but can reactivate over a period of months and years.

Side effects associated with amoxicillin Sodium is hampering the market growth

The side effects associated with the use of amoxicillin sodium can act as the biggest restraint factor for market growth. The side effects associated with amoxicillin sodium include abdominal or stomach cramps, tenderness, back, leg, stomach pains, black, tarry stools., bloating, blood in the urine, bloody nose, diarrhea, watery, and severe, which may also be bloody. Hyperkinesia, dizziness, and convulsions Signs of central nervous system toxicity; generally associated with large intravenous doses of amoxicillin and even impaired renal function are the most common side effects of amoxicillin sodium. Headaches are a common side effect of taking amoxicillin, and while less serious, are a frequent occurrence.

Sample Copy: https://www.blueweaveconsulting.com/report/global-amoxicillin-sodium-market/report-sample

Injection route of administration Segment occupy the largest share of the Amoxicillin Sodium market

Based on the route of administration, the Amoxicillin sodium market is segmented into the capsule, tablet, and Injection. The Injection segment is likely to dominate in the market followed by capsules. The most preferable route is by intravenous for the administration of amoxicillin sodium. While the intramuscular administration should only be considered when the intravenous route is not possible and less appropriate for the patient. Amoxicillin may be administered either by slow intravenous injection over a period of 3 to 4 minutes directly into a vein or via a drip tube or by infusion over 20 to 30 minutes. This antibiotic is used to treat some infections in different parts of the body caused by bacteria.

Global Amoxicillin Sodium Market: Regional insights

North America caters to the largest share and is expected to witness significant growth in the Amoxicillin Sodium market during the forecast period. The high industry growth rate, with the emergence of new technology, is the major reason. The key providers are continuously upgrading their offerings to differentiate them from other competitors. This is achieved by various organic and inorganic strategies. Suppliers operating in the industry are continuously working on new development, technical expertise, and in-house capabilities. High opportunity makes the Amoxicillin Sodium market more competitive and suppliers are trying hard to capture the clients. The market is highly acceptable to innovative products, however, considering the risks involved in business continuity implementers are still considering brand over new offerings in the market.

Global Amoxicillin Sodium Market: Competitive Landscape

The leading players for the global Amoxicillin Sodium product market include, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer PLC, Bayer AG, Novartis AG, Abbott Inc., Toku-e, Abcam, Alfa Aesar, Tul, Hayao, Cspc, Eli Lilly And Company, Merck, CSPC, and others, are expanding their presence in the market by implementing various business strategies. Major players are engaged in mergers and acquisitions, expansion of their manufacturing facilities, infrastructural growth, investment in R&D facilities, and the quest for opportunities to expand vertically through the value chain.

About Us

BlueWeave Consulting (BWC) provides all-inclusive Market Intelligence (MI) Solutions to businesses regarding various products and services online & offline. We offer comprehensive market research reports by analyzing qualitative and quantitative data to boost your business solution's performance. BWC has built its reputation from the scratches by delivering quality inputs and nourishing long-lasting relationships with its clients. We are a promising digital MI solutions company providing agile assistance to make your business endeavors successful.

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#Amoxicillin Sodium Market

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kirsteynnn · 3 years ago

Text

Module III. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS

Figure 3.1 From https://tomi.digital/en/106907/ecosistema-terrestre

3.1 Explain what biological hierarchy is.

Biological hierarchy refers to the systemic organization of organisms into levels. It organizes living things in descending levels of complexity: macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere.

The simple biological hierarchy, from the lowest level to the highest level, is as follows:

Figure 3.2 Image Copyright Discover Biology, 5th ed., Singh-Cundy and Cain, Textbook, 2012

More complex schemes incorporate many more levels. A molecule, for example, can be considered as a group of atoms, while an atom can be further subdivided into subatomic particles. Each level can also be subdivided into its own hierarchy, and specific varieties of these biological entities can have their own hierarchical structure. For example, genomes can be further subdivided into a hierarchy of genes.

Each level of the hierarchy can be characterized by the levels below it. The organism, for example, can be described at any of its component levels, such as atomic, molecular, cellular, histological (tissue), organ, and organ system. Furthermore, at each level of the hierarchy, new functions necessary for life control appear. These new roles are not functions that the lower level components can do, and so they are referred to as emergent properties.

Every organism is organized, though not necessarily to the same degree. An organism can not be organized at the histological (tissue) level if it is not composed of tissues in the first place.

3.2 Based on what a biological hierarchy is, can we consider virus as an “organism” in its technicalities?

All living things are made of cells, and the cell itself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. This requirement is why viruses are not considered living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack the reproductive mechanism of a living cell; only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce. Viruses are not living things and it cannot be considered as an organism . Viruses straddle the definition of life. They lie somewhere between supra molecular complexes and very simple biological entities. Viruses are complicated assemblies of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, but on their own they can do nothing until they enter a living cell. Without cells, viruses would not be able to multiply. Therefore, viruses are not living things, hence they are not also organisms.

3.3 Compare and contrast “tropism” and “taxis”.

While taxis and tropism both refer to directional movements with respect to stimuli, the major difference between taxis and tropism is that the taxis refers to the directional movement of animals in response to a stimulus while tropism refers to the directional movement of plants in response to a stimulus. Internal and external influences cause diverse reactions in organisms. These reactions differ between species. Plants respond differently than animals. Multicellular organisms have distinct reactions than unicellular organisms. Taxis and tropism are two examples of such phenomena that animals and plants exhibit, respectively. Taxis is an animal's movement or orientation in reaction to an external stimuli. Tropism, on the other hand, is a plant's response to or away from a stimulus. Taxis and tropism are both directional reactions.

3.4 Differentiate how a bacterium, a plant and an animal reproduce.

Unicellular organisms like bacterium reproduce by binary fission. In this process the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary fission begins when the DNA of the bacterium divides into two (replicates). The bacterial cell then elongates and splits into two daughter cells each with identical DNA to the parent cell. Each daughter cell is a clone of the parent cell. On the other hand, multicellular organisms like plants and animals exhibits both sexual and asexual mode of reproduction. Reproduction in plants is either asexual or sexual. Asexual reproduction in plants involves a variety of widely disparate methods for producing new plants identical in every respect to the parent. Sexual reproduction, on the other hand, depends on a complex series of basic cellular events, involving chromosomes and their genes, that take place within an elaborate sexual apparatus evolved precisely for the development of new plants in some respects different from the two parents that played a role in their production. Some animals produce offspring through asexual reproduction while other animals produce offspring through sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction may involve fertilization inside the body or in the external environment.

3.5 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism.

Metabolism is a biochemical process that allows an organism to live, grow, reproduce, heal, and adapt to its environment. Anabolism and catabolism are two metabolic processes, or phases. Anabolism refers to the process which builds molecules the body needs; it usually requires energy for completion. Catabolism refers to the process that breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules; it usually releases energy for the organism to use. Anabolic processes use simple molecules within the organism to create more complex and specialized compounds. This synthesis, the creation of a product from a series of components, is why anabolism is also called "biosynthesis." The process uses energy to create its end products, which the organism can use to sustain itself, grow, heal, reproduce or adjust to changes in its environment. Growing in height and muscle mass are two basic anabolic processes. Catabolic processes break down complex compounds and molecules to release energy. This creates the metabolic cycle, where anabolism then creates other molecules that catabolism breaks down, many of which remain in the organism to be used again. The principal catabolic process is digestion, where nutrient substances are ingested and broken down into simpler components for the body to use.

3.6 What is homeostasis?

If we are going to look for its meaning in the Meriam-Webster dictionary (n.d.) it is defined as “ a relatively stable state of equilibrium or a tendency toward such a state between the different but interdependent elements or groups of elements of an organism, population, or group.”

Homeostasis, from the Greek words for "same" and "steady," it is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persists despite changes in the world outside. All living organisms must regulate their internal environment to process energy and ultimately survive. The term was coined in 1930 by the physician Walter Cannon. His book, The Wisdom of the Body, describes how the human body maintains steady levels of temperature and other vital conditions such as the water, salt, sugar, protein, fat, calcium and oxygen contents of the blood. Similar processes dynamically maintain steady-state conditions in the Earth's environment.

3.7 What is mutation? Is it good or a bad process?

A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, sunlight and radiation. Mutations contribute to genetic variation within species. Over a lifetime our DNA can undergo changes or mutations. This results in changes in the proteins that are made. This can be a bad or a good thing. Mutations can also be inherited, particularly if they have a positive effect. For example, the disorder sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that instructs the building of a protein called hemoglobin. This causes the red blood cells to become an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. However, in African populations, having this mutation also protects against malaria. However, mutation can also disrupt normal gene activity and cause diseases, like cancer. Cancer is the most common human genetic disease; it is caused by mutations occurring in a number of growth-controlling genes. Sometimes faulty, cancer-causing genes can exist from birth, increasing a person’s chance of getting cancer.

REFERENCES:

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Homeostasis. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved October 19, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homeostasis

Villenas, F.A. (2021). What Are We?. Southern Luzon State University. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YKhsMqRO5CJWQ_liW1MOj6_jeVx-M_bQ/view

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blueweave · 4 years ago

Text

Amoxicillin Sodium Market is Projected to Reach USD 905.2 Million by 2027, Growing at a CAGR of 4.9%

According to BlueWeave Consulting, the global amoxicillin sodium market is estimated to reach USD 679.1 million by 2020 and is further projected to reach USD 905.2 million by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 4.9% during 2021-2027 (forecast period). Amoxicillin is defined as an antibiotic, that belongs to the class of penicillin. Amoxicillin sodium is highly effective against various bacteria like Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhea, E. coli, Pneumococci, and many others. Amoxicillin is a common bactericidal drug, and it does not directly kill the bacteria, instead completely stops the bacteria from multiplying. Amoxicillin also acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This cell wall is necessary to protect the bacteria from the external environment and keeps the bacteria safe. It is also impossible for the bacteria to survive without a cell wall.

Growing Bacterial Infections is expected to drive the Amoxicillin Sodium market

The growing bacterial infections across the globe is the major driving factor for the global amoxicillin market. Bacterial growth is the proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a process called binary fission. Though, providing no event occurs, the resulting daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell. Bacteria can grow in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment that is pH neutral or low acid. Furthermore, microbes can also cause acute infections, which are short-lived. Chronic infections, that can last for weeks, months, or a lifetime. This is also known as latent infections, which may not cause symptoms at first but can reactivate over a period of months and years.

Side effects associated with amoxicillin Sodium is hampering the market growth

Report URL: https://www.blueweaveconsulting.com/global-amoxicillin-sodium-market

Injection route of administration Segment occupy the largest share of the Amoxicillin Sodium market

Global Amoxicillin Sodium Market: Regional insights

North America catering the largest share and expected to witness significant growth in the Amoxicillin Sodium market during the forecast period. The high industry growth rate, with the emergence of new technology, is the major reason. The key providers are continuously upgrading their offerings to differentiate them from other competitors. This is achieved by various organic and inorganic strategies. Suppliers operating in the industry are continuously working on new development, technical expertise, and in-house capabilities. High opportunity makes the Amoxicillin Sodium market more competitive and suppliers are trying hard to capture the clients. The market is highly acceptable to innovative products, however, considering the risks involved in business continuity implementers are still considering brand over new offerings in the market.

Global Amoxicillin Sodium Market: Competitive Landscape

The leading players for the global Amoxicillin Sodium product market include, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer PLC, Bayer AG, Novartis AG, and Abbott Inc., Toku-e, Abcam, Alfa Aesar, Tul, Hayao, Cspc, Eli Lilly And Company, Merck, CSPC, and others, are expanding their presence in the market by implementing various business strategies. Major players are engaged in mergers and acquisitions, expansion of their manufacturing facilities, infrastructural growth, investment in R&D facilities, and the quest for opportunities to expand vertically through the value chain.

Don’t miss the business opportunity of the Amoxicillin Sodium market. Consult our analyst, gain crucial insights, and facilitate your business growth.

The in-depth analysis of the report provides information about growth potential, upcoming trends, and statistics of global Amoxicillin Sodium market size & forecast. The report promises to provide recent technology trends of the Amoxicillin Sodium market and industry insights that help decision-makers to make sound strategic decisions. Furthermore, the report also analyzes the growth drivers, challenges, and competitive dynamics of the market.

About Us

BlueWeave Consulting provides all kinds of Market Intelligence (MI) Solutions to businesses regarding various products and services online & offline. We offer comprehensive market research reports by analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data to boost up the performance of your business solution. BWC has built its reputation from the scratches by delivering quality inputs and nourishing long-lasting relationships with its clients. We are one of the promising digital MI solutions company providing agile assistance to make your business endeavors successful.

#Amoxicillin Sodium Market #Amoxicillin Sodium Market Size #Amoxicillin Sodium Market Share #Amoxicillin Sodium Market Demand #Amoxicillin Sodium Market Growth #Amoxicillin Sodium Market Forecast

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