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jcmarchi · 10 months ago

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Honey Mittal, Co-Founder & CEO at Locofy – Interview Series

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/honey-mittal-co-founder-ceo-at-locofy-interview-series/

Honey Mittal, Co-Founder & CEO at Locofy – Interview Series

Honey Mittal is the Co-Founder & CEO at Locofy, prior to this he was the Chief Product Officer at 3 Series A-E startups (namely – Homage, Finaccel & Wego) in early and growth stages.

Locofy turns designs into production-ready frontend code for mobile apps and web. It enables builders to ship products 10x faster using existing design tools, tech stacks & workflows. Locofy offers a plugin for Figma and Adobe XD with which makes designs responsive for different screen sizes.

What initially attracted you to computer science and machine learning?

I initially wanted to join the Indian Air Force (and got close to selection) but when I could not make it, I had 2 options : Mathematics/Economics and Computer Engineering. I got a scholarship for Computer Science at the National University of Singapore, but not for the others, so that was that.

My true interest in coding and building products only started developing towards the end of university when I built an award winning product on exchange at the University of California, Santa Cruz, followed by an internship at Microsoft when i started building mobile apps (before the App Store was launched by Steve Jobs) and I started to see my code solving real world problems.

There was no going back from that point. I realized I loved a more holistic approach at problem solving and took the jump into product management and met my cofounder Sohaib (in 2014) who was a much better engineer than me. Working with Sohaib, we have worked on travel, healthcare, and dev tooling problems for more than a decade now, and somewhere mid-way we started tinkering with machine learning to build better recommendation engines, better financial outcome decisions based on mountains of data, and now code generation directly from designs.

The recent breakthroughs in the field have only made it easier, cheaper, and faster to solve problems that were just not possible even 5-10 years back. That prompted us to start building Locofy.ai in 2021, at the crossroads of the increasing need for a design to code solution like Locofy, and the breakthroughs in ML.

In 2016-2017, along with your current co-founder you built one of the world’s fastest travel mobile sites. What was this site and what did you learn from the experience?

This was wego.com‘s mobile website. In 2016 – a lot of Asian companies were contemplating killing mobile websites completely, especially in emerging markets where devices were cheap and mobile internet was slow. Flipkart even famously killed their mobile website for their app (and later retracted), but we faced a similar dilemma at Wego, where our apps were significantly better than our mobile site for performance, experience, and unit economics.

We chose to rebuild our mobile website to work like an app, using service workers, AMP and PWA concepts without any prior experience in building for the web. My cofounder Sohaib, our VP Engg (Tien) and I worked on this for 2-3 months and built our new wego mobile site and that became the fastest mobile travel site (among 150+ sites).

Our key takeaways – firstly the realization that we were not just mobile app experts, and if you put first principles thinking to any problem/ any technology and put a team of determined individuals together, anything was possible. This helps us till date, because Locofy is a devtool and we never thought about whether we had any prior experience building for engineers. We just thought of it as a problem (something we faced daily), and went for it. Also, the trio figured out that we work well together and 8 years later – we’re building Locofy together again! If not for that project, the three of us may not have realized how well we work together.

When did you first realize that low-code and no-code was the future?

In 2020-2021, the whole tech world went crazy, with engineering salaries going through the roof, fueled by public market tech stocks and a surge in VC funding into tech startups. We faced this ourselves at our last company. Hiring and retaining good engineers seemed close to impossible and cheaper offshoring markets like India changed forever due to strong domestic traction. We studied the market and discovered that for every 20 open CS jobs, there was 1 CS student graduating in the USA – shedding some light on not just the situation we were in, but also the times to come.

Upon talking to our mentors and founder friends, we not only validated the problem but also got investment offers from everyone we talked to, within 48 hours of even thinking about solving the problem of writing ui code from scratch with AI-led automation. The fact that we were solving our own problem also got the interest of our fellow builders who showed interest in joining us. Very quickly, it was clear to us that the time to join the low-code revolution was here.

How did this transition to you launching Locofy?

Sohaib – one of the best web/mobile/gaming developers I have ever met (I rate him in the top 1% in the world) was super frustrated in our last project at the previous company. It required him + 2 developers to write 500 screens revamp. When I asked him why he didn’t do something about it as one of the top developers around, it did not take him long to come back and tell me that we can automate UI code / 80% of the frontend tasks. In the next 2 days we met some founder friends and they all validated that we were onto something. We registered the company and raised $1M over the same weekend. We launched the first beta product 5-6 months later in Jan 2022.

Locofy takes a bit of a different approach to low-code, can you discuss how the platform takes existing designs and converts them to code?

Yes, our research showed us 2 clear results.

The market for no-code helped mostly non-developers and designers. Great market, but not something that we were interested in.

The market for low-code that mostly helped pro developers and designers, but valued things like code quality and keeping developers within their stack as their top priorities.

We resonated more towards #2 i.e. building for pro developers and designers, but we found none of the players in the design to code market doing even half a decent job. If they did, we would not only not build Locofy, but also start using those options to build the 500 screens we had to build. As developers and designers ourselves, we knew our teams preferred their tools (Figma for instance) and tech stacks (React, Nextjs for example) and our thesis was to just adapt and fit in (and hence, also try the tool without making changes), while working towards high quality code as the differentiator.

Locofy received some rave reviews and a lot of feedback from ProductHunt and other platforms. What were some key takeaways from this feedback?

We launched on Product Hunt 6 months after the first soft launch. The idea was to open up the lids and get feedback from more developers outside of networks. Based on that feedback, we better understood who our ideal customer profile was, why they loved us, their pain points and also who are we better off not catering to at all (and hence get more focused).

In open beta, we do not block anyone from trying Locofy, which means greater feedback velocity, but also a lot of noise. We used the feedback to learn faster and focus on users who loved the platform, and users who were a few modifications away from loving it. All of it culminated into Locofy Lightning – a 1-click solution powered by Large Design Models. It made the platform more accurate and really easy to use. We will continue learning with the same approach in free beta until we’re ready to monetize eventually.

Claims for the amount of development time that is saved has a wide range, what’s the average time savings that you have personally seen?

It is difficult to give one number that fits all. Some companies with lean teams building an app from scratch have told us they saved 80% of their development time. Others building for existing codebases have saved 50% of the time. For us, if we save anything in the above 50% range, we know it is extremely valuable today, while we work on increasing that even more.

What is your vision for the future of low-code platforms and Locofy?

Frontend development is a broad space – we want to help make it easy first and define this category starting from design to UI code.

But in the long run, our vision is to help go from idea to launch to impact much faster and cheaper and make teams focus more on the complex engineering problems and business model innovation more than worrying about building interfaces. This will help the next generation of category defining companies build their products faster and cheaper and ultimately help solve more global problems with the limited supply of developers we face today.

Based on your journey with Locofy.ai, what advice would you give to aspiring entrepreneurs looking to venture into the AI industry?

Very simply, AI is very powerful and opens so many possibilities, but you need to focus first on the problem you’re solving. Find a huge problem and then see how to solve the problem and how AI makes it more effective/cheaper/faster, rather than the other way round. In 2023, I have seen too many new AI companies building something “cool” that doesn’t really solve a real problem. It reminds me of the saying “if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail” and that’s certainly the case with a lot of new AI entrepreneurs who jumped quickly to ride this wave.

Thank you for the great interview, I look forward to following the progress of the Locofy team, readers who wish to learn more should visit Locofy.

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seanshore · 1 year ago

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whattheabcxyz · 2 years ago

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2023-04-11

Singapore

Government to call for bids to increase electricity generation capacity by 2028 - 1st time in 20 years

Incident where Indian Muslim couple were told Ramadan snacks were not meant for them highlights just how $hitty NTUC’s staff training (or lack thereof) is - the rot in NTUC starts from the top, & has been going on for many years now, since the latest CEO took over

Master Plan Review to be conducted over next 2-3 years - will culminate in land use/development plans for next 10-15 years

Travel

This is why you don’t stay in JB hotels - choose a cheapo destination, get cheapo treatment

Technology

A directory of top AI jobs

Alibaba unveils AI chatbot Tongyi Qianwen (通义千问) to rival ChatGPT - um, nope, won’t be using it anytime EVER... it’s probably $hit anyway, especially with all the CCP-imposed censorship rules, lol!!! (Btw, “promoting socialism” is 1 of the rules! Too hilarious!)

Business

Bud Light sales plunge after company partners with trans TikToker & puts her face on can - company’s VP explains move ...honestly, I think Bud Light failed from the very moment it made a female their VP, given that their customers are probably 99% male & rednecks

...& Nike gets flak too for engaging same trans person as new face of its women’s sports bra - thank goodness I never ever buy their products!

Tupperware warns it could go out of business - maybe it’s because they didn’t also jump on the trans influencer bandwagon, so they’ve lost out on sales from wokesters & the LGBTQ crowd, lol! /sarcasm

Environment

Singaporean nominated for 1st time to bureau of UN’s top climate science body

Society

Malaysia court frees woman who crashed into 8 teens racing on modified bikes in 2017 - it wasn’t her fault they were riding recklessly & had modified their vehicles to the extent she probably couldn’t see them

Politics

Macron demonstrates just why Europeans are a$$holes

Marcos says Philippine military bases with US access won’t be used for offensive purposes

Chinese navy ships remain around Taiwan after drills end

History

^ The city that fell off a cliff - erosion is a real threat... everything ultimately returns to the sea...

People

HK veteran actor Richard Ng dead at 83

Gossip

JJ Lin loses heftily in metaverse virtual property investment

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shubhammaantech123 · 2 years ago

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Alagappa University Distance Education Admission

Overview:

Alagappa University Distance Education was established in 1985 by a special Act of the state government. The goal of establishing Alagappa University was to promote knowledge research, development, and dissemination. Alagappa University is a 440-acre NAAC 'A' rated university. The university is located in the business town of Karaikudi in the Sivaganga District of Tamil Nadu, India. On campus, there are 18 Departments, 5 Centers, and 2 Constituent Colleges.

The university also has 28 colleges affiliated with it. Aside from regular courses, Alagappa University also offers distance education courses through Alagappa University DDE (Directorate of Distance Education). The Directorate provides undergraduate and postgraduate courses in a variety of disciplines such as management, science, and computer application. Alagappa University DDE offers 56 job-oriented courses.

To offer these courses, the university has a large network of study centers. Currently, the university has over 218 study centers where those courses can be taken. Alagappa University offers those courses not only in India but also abroad.

Alagappa University DDE offers courses in Singapore, Malaysia, Bahrain, Qatar, Dubai, and Sri Lanka, to name a few locations. One of the highlights of Alagappa University Distance Education MBA courses is Alagappa University DDE. Alagappa University also offers sector-specific MBA courses in addition to the general MBA program. MBA in Corporate Secretary ship via Distance Learning is one of the MBA programs offered by very few Indian universities through distance education.

Alagappa University DDE's highlights include

Job-related courses

The most recent curriculum Tamil & Hindi study mode

Affordable fee structure

System of Lateral Entry

A large network of test centers

Exams are held twice a year on a set schedule.

Quick declaration of results

Alagappa University Distance Education Admission

Alagappa university distance education admission process can be done in both online and offline ways. Admission to Alagappa University is a fairly simple process. Admission is based on merit and is accomplished through entrance exams. Alagappa University holds exams for specific subjects such as M.A., M.Com, and others such as M.B.A or M.Sc., and may admit a student based on their CAT scorecard.

How Do You Apply?

First and foremost, candidates must submit duly completed and documented applications to the college.

Normally, the University accepts both online and offline application forms, but due to the COVID -19 pandemic, the University is only accepting online applications for the 2021 academic year.

To apply, students must first register on the university's official website. The student can now fill out the registration form for the desired Course after completing the registration.

After completing the application forms, depending on the Course applied for, one of the two admission criteria for admissions will be applied. The student is chosen through an entrance exam (B. Ed, M.B.A, and M.Sc) or a merit list (For all other courses)

If a candidate passes the entrance exam or is on the merit list, an interview, document verification, and fee payment are conducted.

The candidate must go through a brief interview process at the University of affiliated colleges.

Aside from the interview, the University would check the candidate's academic credentials.

To be formally accepted as a student at the University, the candidate must pay the first semester/first-year fees on the spot.

Alagappa University Distance Education Courses

Undergraduate courses:

Alagappa University Distance Education courses offer UG programs such as BA, BBA, B.Com, B.Sc, BCA, and B.Ed. The university accepts applications online. The University also offers lateral entry into many UG and PG courses.

BCA Distance Admission at Alagappa University

Bachelor of Computer Application is a course designed for students interested in computer studies who are enrolled in the Computer Application program. According to the course eligibility, students must have completed their 12th Class from a UGC-recognized university and must have obtained 55% in their final year. The course will last three years and will cost INR 24000.

B.Com Distance Admission at Alagappa University

Bachelor of Commerce is a course designed for students who are interested in math and want to pursue a career in the field of commerce. This course requires students to have completed their 12th class at a UGC-recognized university.

Alagappa University BBA Distance Admission

Bachelor of Business Administration is a course designed for business strategic courses, and students should be interested in business strategies. This course requires 12th class completion from a recognized University and should obtain 55% marks in their 12th class. This course lasts three years and costs INR 20,000.

Alagappa University BA Distance Admission

Bachelor of Arts from Alagappa University Distance Education is a 3-year ODL program designed to study Political Science, Geopolitics, Sociology, Economics, English (Language), Hindi (Language), other languages, Arts & Culture, and other subjects. Candidates who pass the 12th board examination from a recognized board of education with at least 45-50% marks are eligible to apply.

Postgraduate courses:

Alagappa University Distance Education MA Admission

MA is a course designed for master's programs that study arts and creative fields. Students who are interested in the arts can take this course. MA students must have a graduation degree from a recognized university and 55% in their final year. This course lasts two years and costs $7,700.

Distance education at Alagappa University M.Com Admission

The M.Com course requires graduation from a UGC-recognized university with at least 55% marks. This course lasts two years. This program costs INR 11000.

MBA Admission to Alagappa University via Distance Education

Students interested in pursuing a master's degree and the MBA program can apply to this university. To apply for MBA admission at this university, students must have completed a bachelor's degree from a recognized university and received 55% in their final year of studies. Entrance exams such as the CMAT, GMAT, MAT, CAT, SNAP, and XAT are also required for students. The course has four semesters and lasts two years. The program costs INR 23000.

Alagappa University distance education eligibility criteria and Fee structure

Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for admission to the UG program, candidates must have completed their 12th grade at a recognized university. The entrance exam must be passed with a minimum of 50%, and the qualifying degree must also be completed with a minimum of 50%. In most cases, admission is based on the student's performance, the merit list, and the entrance exam.

Candidates must have a Bachelor's degree from a recognized university in order to be admitted to the PG program. Candidates are chosen based on their previous qualifications and scores. Candidates for the MBA program are chosen through an entrance test, a group discussion, and a personal interview.

Fee structure

Alagappa University's distance education Fee structure provides candidates with affordable distance education courses. Each of these courses has a different fee structure. Candidates want to know the cost of the course in which they want to enroll. The following table shows the distance education fees at Alagappa University:

Bachelor of Science in Computer Application (BCA) -8,000 INR

Bachelor's Degree in Education (B.Ed) -18,500 INR

Bachelor of Science degree (B.Sc.) -8,000 INR

Bachelor of Arts degree (B.A.) -7,000 INR

Bachelor of Business Administration (B.Com.) -7,500 INR

Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration (BBA) -2,500 INR

Computer Application Master (MCA) -3,500 INR

Master's Degree in Social Work (MSW) -3,975 INR

Alagappa university distance education Reviews and Rewards

According to some famous Alumni Alagappa University Distance Education Reviews are very good and Alagappa University is one of the best distance education universities in the world. Alagappa University is ranked 19th among the top distance education universities in the country.

Alagappa University is regarded as one of the premier educational institutions, well known for its unwavering commitment to providing the highest quality education to its students. Many extremely impressive companies have visited the University to directly recruit students. Students have the best opportunity to choose which job or field best suits them. Each year, a large number of multinational corporations such as Cognizant, Britannia, Nestle, Hexaware, IDBI Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC Bank, and many others come to recruit students directly.

#Alagappa University Distance Education Admission #education #student

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southeastasianhistories · 3 years ago

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Southeast Asia’s role in World War I is all but lost to history. There was no major invasion of the region by a hostile power, like Japan in World War II. None of the Central Powers – an alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire – had colonial territory in the region, except on the periphery. German New Guinea quickly fell to the Allies after the outbreak of war in July 1914.

Yet the First World War, which ended 100 years ago this month, proved a decisive event for Southeast Asia. For the first time, it severely tested the relationship between the colonial authorities of Britain, France and the Netherlands (neutral in the war) and their colonial subjects in Southeast Asia, for whom sacrifice in the conflict was to be a rallying cry for more civil rights. The burgeoning nationalist movements throughout the region swelled with veterans returning home from democratic and industrial nations, while others, with considerable consequences in later decades, brought home interests in the radical politics at the time, not least communism.

Arguably, the most interesting response to the declaration of war was made by Siam, as Thailand was then known. As the only Southeast Asian nation not colonised by a European power, Siam, under the absolute monarch King Vajiravudh, decided to go to war against the Central Powers in 1917, sending its own troops to fight in Europe. The Siamese Expeditionary Force of more than 1,000 troops arrived in the French port of Marseilles in July 1918. It was led by Major-General Phraya Phya Bhijai Janriddhi, who had received military training in France before the war. At first, the Thai troops were employed by the Allies as rear-guard labour detachments, taking part in the Second Battle of the Marne in August that year. The following month, they saw their first frontline action. They took part in several offences, including the occupation of the German Rhineland. In the end, 19 Thais had lost their lives – none from battle.

King Vajiravudh’s decision to go to war was calculated. Gambling on Allied victory, he believed Siam’s participation would earn it the respect of Britain and France. He was correct. Although it was independent, neighbouring colonisers (the British in Burma and the French in Cambodia) had slowly whittled away Siam’s territory in the preceding decades, with large tracts of land returned to Cambodia in the late 19th century. After WWI, though, Siam’s territory didn’t budge. Equally important, Siam took part in the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference and was a founding member of the League of Nations, a clear indication that Western powers now saw it as a legitimate force on the international stage and in Southeast Asia.

The rulers of independent Siam might have wanted respect and power, but the thoughts of ordinary people from the rest of colonised Southeast Asia are little known. Few first-hand accounts exist for historians. Quite probably, however, many did not want to be thrust unquestionably into the greatest fratricide the world had yet seen, and some no doubt hoped the colonial empires would be destroyed by the whole endeavour. Yet some nationalists, especially those of higher rank who weren’t expected to fight, saw the war effort as a means of gaining more political rights for themselves under the colonial system.

The war, for example, provided the Vietnamese with “an unexpected opportunity to test France’s ability to live up to vaunted self-representations of invincibility”, as Philippe Peycam wrote in 2012’s The Birth of Vietnamese Political Journalism: Saigon, 1916-1930. The prominent Vietnamese nationalist Phan Chu Trinh, who had spent years in jail before the war for his activism and was imprisoned for six months in 1914 on wrongful charges of colluding with the Germans, played a considerable role in recruiting Vietnamese men for the war. Another noted nationalist, Duong Van Giao, published a history of the Vietnamese war effort, 1925’s L’Indochine pendant la guerre de 1914–1918. Because of Vietnam’s sacrifice, he called on the French colonials to adopt a “native policy”: not quite outright independence but radical reform of civil rights for the Vietnamese. It was a similar sentiment as expressed in Claims of the Annamite People, an influential tract cowritten in France in 1919 by a young activist who later became known as Ho Chi Minh, who had spent most of the war working in a London hotel under the famous chef Auguste Escoffier.

As a French colony, Vietnam was expected to provide troops for the war effort, but there were differing views among colonial officers as to what role they should play. Lieutenant-Colonel Théophile Pennequin was a hardliner but also a keen reformer. Before the outbreak of war, Pennequin requested that he be allowed to form a competent military unit that was termed by some as an armée jaune (yellow army), similar to the force noire (black force) popularised by General Charles Mangin in France’s West African colonies. For Pennequin, a national native army would allow Vietnamese to gain “positions of command and provide the French with loyal partners with whom they could build a new and, eventually, independent Indochinese state,” wrote historian Christopher Goscha in 2017’s The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam.

But Pennequin’s designs were rejected by Paris and, instead, most Vietnamese recruits were sent to Europe to work in factories or as supply hands. Yet some did fight. One estimate contends that out of 100,000 Vietnamese conscripts sent to the war in Europe, roughly 12,000 lost their lives. A battalion of Tonkinese Rifles, an elite corps formed in the 1880s, saw action on the Western Front near Verdun. Do Huu Vi, a celebrated pilot from an elite family, became a national hero after his plane was shot down over France.

Despite overt racism by some French nationals and trade unions’ concerns that they were bringing down wages, many of the Vietnamese put to work in munitions factories found it a revelatory experience. Some started relationships with Frenchwomen, unsurprising since other workers in wartime factories were mostly women. Others joined social clubs and reading groups. After the war, wrote Goscha, “a hundred thousand Vietnamese veterans returned to Indochina hoping to start a new life. Some wanted French citizenship; most expected good jobs and upward social mobility. Several hoped to modernise Vietnam along Western lines, despite the barbarity they had just witnessed in Europe.”

It was a similar story for the Philippines, then a United States colony. It declared war on Germany in April 1917, the same time Washington did. At first, the colonial government requested the drafting of 15,000 Filipinos for service, but more than 25,000 enlisted. These troops formed the Philippine National Guard, a militia that was later absorbed into the American military. Most of the recruits, though, would not leave the Philippines during the war. Those who did travelled as part of the American Expeditionary Forces. In June 1918, the first Filipino died in action at the Battle of Château-Thierry, in France: Tomas Mateo Claudio, a former contract labourer on a sugar plantation in Hawaii who had enlisted in the US.

It is not known exactly how many Southeast Asians died during the First World War. Of those active in the European theatre, the number is estimated to be more than 20,000, mostly conscripts from the French colonies. It was a small figure compared to the number of Southeast Asians who perished during the Second World War. And, unlike in that war, there wasn’t a great arena of warfare in Southeast Asia during the First since none of the Central Powers nations had any imperial control in the region.

But Germany did have influence in China and possessed leased territory in Kiautschou Bay, near present-day Jiaozhou. It was invaded by Japanese forces after 1915, and China would later declare war on Germany in August 1917. But in October 1914, the German East Asia Squadron still had its base in the concession – it was from there that a lone light cruiser, the SMS Emden, slipped into Penang Harbour, part of what was then British Malaya. Disguised as a British vessel, the German cruiser launched a surprise attack on a Russian ship and then sank a French destroyer that had given chase. The sole attack on Malaya during the war killed 100 and wounded thousands more.

After the attack, the Emden is thought to have docked in a port in the Dutch East Indies, present-day Indonesia, raising British suspicions that the Dutch weren’t as neutral as they had claimed. Neutrality, moreover, didn’t mean the colony went unscathed. The Dutch East Indies was home to a sizeable German population that worked to “coordinate and finance covert operations designed to undermine British colonial rule and economic interests in Southeast Asia,” as historian Heather Streets-Salter wrote in 2017’s World War One in Southeast Asia: Colonialism and Anticolonialism in an Era of Global Conflict.

The Emden was finally stopped by an Australian cruiser that ran it ashore in Singapore. The surviving crew of the German vessel were interned there, then a part of British Malaya. Also stationed in Singapore was the Indian Army’s Fifth Light Infantry, which unsuccessfully mutinied in January 1915 after they learned they might be sent to fight in Turkey against fellow Muslims (though they were eventually sent to Hong Kong instead). The 309 interned Germans from the Emden joined in the mutiny, which left dead eight British and three Malay soldiers, as well as a dozen Singapore civilians.

A much forgotten history of World War I was a Turco-German plot to promote jihad (holy war) in parts of the Muslim world colonised by the Allies, including Malaya. Using the Dutch East Indies as a base, supporters of the Central Powers produced “pan-Islamic, anti-British propaganda” that was sent to Muslim-majority British Malaya, and also to India. One of the architects of this plan, Max von Oppenheim, wrote in a position paper in 1914: “In the battle against England… Islam will become one of our most important weapons.” The Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed V, issued a fatwa against the Allies in November of that year. In British Malaya, the authorities doubled down on censorship by closing many Malay-language newspapers, some of which were considered supportive of the Ottoman Empire.

Pan-Islamic propaganda agitating for independence of Malaya was just as attractive to the Muslim-majority subjects of the Dutch East Indies where it was produced. In the preceding decades, these subjects had been demanding more freedoms, even independence, for themselves. This was a serious cause of concern for the Dutch colonialists, but ultimately the real impact of the war on the Dutch East Indies was economic. The Allies’ blockade of European waters, as well as control of Asian waters, made it difficult for Dutch ships to reach the colony for trade purposes.

“The Netherlands Indies was effectively cordoned off by the British Navy,” wrote Kees Van Dijk in 2008’s The Netherlands Indies and the Great War, 1914-1918. As a result, the war caused price increases and severe food shortages in the Dutch East Indies. By the end of 1916, the export industry was practically destroyed. Around that time, social unrest had gained momentum. Rural protesters burned reserve crops, eventually leading to famine in some parts of the colony. Nationalists and a small contingent of socialists began advocating for revolution. By 1918, unrest was so dire that the governor general called a meeting of the nationalist leaders where he made the so-called “November promises” of more political representation and freedom, but these were empty promises.

Economic problems were a constant throughout the region. To help pay for the war effort, the French and British were reduced to raising taxes in their Southeast Asian colonies. The burden fell mainly on the poor. Small wonder it resulted in unprecedented protests. A failed uprising took place in Kelantan, British Malaya, in April 1915. In Cambodia, the so-called 1916 Affair saw tens of thousands of peasants march into Phnom Penh demanding the king reduce taxes. None of these were exact appeals of “no taxation without representation”, but rather the germinal expressions of self-independence that were to become more forceful across the region in the 1930s, and decisive after World War II. Brian Farrell, a professor of military history at the National University of Singapore, has described the impact of the First World War on Southeast Asia as significant yet delayed.

By the close of the war, many of the colonies returned to some form of pre-war normalcy. Yet the colonial governments, indebted and weakened from the conflict, knew that reforms had to be made in Southeast Asia. In Laos, the French-run administration thought the county “secure enough” in October 1920 to introduce the first of a series of political reforms aimed at decentralising power through local appointees, wrote Martin Stuart-Fox in A History of Laos. The British authorities in Malaya also experimented with decentralisation in the 1920s, which involved placing more power in the hands of the provincial sultans. In 1916, the Jones Act was passed in Washington to begin the process of granting the Philippines a “more autonomous government”, including a parliament, which was built upon until full independence in 1946.

War also transformed the role of local elites, who took on more autonomy and power. In Vietnam, the years after 1919 saw the creation of reformist newspapers, written in the increasingly popular Vietnamese script instead of the Roman alphabet, which the French had imposed. In Cambodia and Laos, such forceful nationalism did not arise until the 1930s. Other reformists in the region grew interested in ideologies brought back from the West. The South Seas Communist Party, a pan-Southeast Asian party, was formed in Burma in 1925 before splitting along national lines in 1930. Ho Chi Minh, who spent the war in London, helped create the Communist Party of Indochina that year. Tan Malaka, who had actually tried enlisting to fight with the German army – without success – became an integral part of the communist movement in the Dutch East Indies, later becoming known as something of a father of the independent Republic of Indonesia.

World War I laid bare the unequal “social contract” that colonial authorities had forced their colonial subjects in Southeast Asia to sign. The contract would only become more obviously threadbare by the 1920s, yet it took the next global conflict, which had a far greater impact on the region than the first, for these anti-colonial movements to grab real political power.

#world war i #southeast asia: as a region #1910s #20th century

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womenswatchsingapore · 4 years ago

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indizombie · 5 years ago

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Responding to the distress among India's huge diaspora, the government has asked national carrier Air India to provide aircraft to bring back Indians who want to return from the Middle East, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Indian Navy has also been asked to help by sending two ships to evacuate citizens from the Maldives, in the Indian Ocean. Migrant workers, students and business people were left with no way home after India suspended air travel in March, just before entering a nationwide shutdown that remains in force until May 17. And there have numerous tales of hardship, both financial and emotional, from people desperate to see sick relatives, attend funerals or births, while others have simply lost their jobs and are running out of money stranded abroad.

Reuters, 'India plans to airlift 400,000 stranded abroad due to Covid-19 travel curbs', Livemint

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newstfionline · 4 years ago

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Headlines

World refugee numbers rise (Foreign Policy) A new report by the United Nations refugee agency found that the number of refugees worldwide increased by 9 million in 2019, adding to a total of roughly 80 million people. Only 107,000 refugees were resettled in third countries, with Canada receiving the most with 31,100. The United States received the second highest number with 27,500 resettled in 2019.

Migrant farmworkers die in Canada, and Mexico wants answers (Washington Post) Each summer for the past five years, Aaron has traveled from his home in Mexico to Canada as one of the tens of thousands of temporary foreign workers who seed, tend and harvest the crops that keep the country fed. This year’s journey was unique. Flights were limited. There were temperature screenings and questionnaires before he took off and after he landed. On arriving in British Columbia this month, he was checked into a hotel for a 14-day quarantine. But in this year of the coronavirus, the precautions have not kept all of Canada’s migrant farmworkers safe. At least 600 have contracted covid-19, and at least two, both Mexicans, have died. Mexico, which provides nearly half of Canada’s migrant farmworkers, has become so concerned that officials said this week they’re hitting the “pause button” on plans to send up to 5,000 more to Canada until they’re satisfied the conditions that led to the deaths will be rectified—threatening a labor crunch for Canada’s already squeezed agricultural sector. The pandemic has highlighted Canada’s dependence on the 60,000 temporary foreign workers who arrive each year from countries such as Mexico and Jamaica as part of a federal government program, and without whom hundreds of thousands of tons of blueberries, asparagus stalks and grapes would wither on the vine.

DACA lives on (NYT) When this country started hearing a decade ago about Dreamers—people who came to the United States as small children without legal permission—many of them were in their teens or early 20s. These Dreamers are now full adults, with careers and families, and many have spent years anxiously wondering whether they would be thrown out of the only country they’ve really known. Yesterday’s Supreme Court ruling, which barred President Trump from deporting the Dreamers anytime soon, came as a tremendous relief to them. “It feels amazing,” Vanessa Pumar, 31, an immigration lawyer who came from Venezuela at age 11, said. “I have been holding my breath. It feels like I can finally breathe.” Roberto G. Gonzales, a Harvard professor who has been studying DACA since it went into effect in 2012, calls it “the most successful immigration policy in recent decades.” Gonzales explains: “Within a year, DACA beneficiaries were already taking giant steps. They found new jobs. They increased their earnings. They acquired driver’s licenses. And they began to build credit through opening bank accounts and obtaining credit cards.”

AP-NORC poll: Majority of Americans support police protests (AP) Ahead of the Juneteenth holiday weekend’s demonstrations against systemic racism and police brutality, a majority of Americans say they approve of recent protests around the country. Many think they’ll bring positive change. And despite the headline-making standoffs between law enforcement and protesters in cities nationwide, the poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research also finds a majority of Americans think law enforcement officers have generally responded to the protests appropriately. Somewhat fewer say the officers used excessive force. The findings follow weeks of peaceful protests and unrest in response to the death of George Floyd, a black man who died pleading for air on May 25 after a white Minneapolis police officer held his knee on Floyd’s neck for nearly eight minutes. A dramatic change in public opinion on race and policing has followed, with more Americans today than five years ago calling police violence a very serious problem that unequally targets black Americans.

Atlanta police call out sick over charges in fatal shooting (AP) Atlanta police officers called out sick to protest the filing of murder charges against an officer who shot a man in the back, while the interim chief acknowledged members of the force feel abandoned amid protests demanding massive changes to policing. Interim Chief Rodney Bryant told The Associated Press in an interview that the sick calls began Wednesday night and continued Thursday, but said the department had sufficient staff to protect the city. It’s not clear how many officers called out. “Some are angry. Some are fearful. Some are confused on what we do in this space. Some may feel abandoned,” Bryant said of the officers. “But we are there to assure them that we will continue to move forward and get through this.”

Beware the trampoline (NYT) Sales of outdoor equipment has surged as families try to keep their children entertained while on lockdown. But that has led to a spike in injuries from bikes, scooters, and especially trampolines. Some E.R. doctors have begun referring to trampolines as “orthopedic fracture machines.” Many injuries occur when multiple children, especially a mix of older and younger ones, are jumping on a trampoline at the same time. That’s what happened to the daughter of our colleague Adam Pasick, who broke her tibia on a trampoline on Wednesday. Stay safe out there, kids!

Missing in Mexico (Foreign Policy) Families of people thought to have gone missing amid Mexico’s drug war surrounded a motorcade carrying President Andrés Manuel López Obrador in the state of Veracruz on Monday demanding he do more to bring their loved ones home. Some 61,000 people are estimated to be missing in the country, and relatives fear that austerity measures, which could see a 75 percent budget cut to a government agency that provides funding and support to families of the disappeared, will only make matters worse. While coronavirus-related lockdowns have stalled search efforts, gang violence and disappearances have continued.

France and Turkey spar over ship incident (Foreign Policy) Tensions between France and Turkey rose after French Defense Minister Florence Parly said a Turkish ship refused to identify itself and its mission after an approach by a French vessel on a NATO mission to check on suspected weapons smuggling to Libya. Turkish sailors donned bulletproof vests and took up positions behind light weaponry during the incident, according to Parly. “This act was extremely aggressive and cannot be one of an ally facing another ally who is doing its work under NATO command,” Parly said. Turkey called France’s claims “baseless.” NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg told reporters that NATO is investigating the incident “to bring full clarity into what happened.”

Anger Surges in India Over Deadly Border Brawl With China (NYT) An Indian government minister has called for Chinese restaurants to be closed. Other Indian officials have suddenly put contracts to Chinese companies under review. And crowds of men are now smashing Chinese-made televisions in the street. A wave of anti-Chinese anger is cresting across India as the nation struggles to absorb the loss of 20 Indian soldiers beaten to death this week by Chinese troops in a high-altitude brawl along India’s disputed border with China. And the tensions are hardly easing. Sonam Joldan, a teacher in the Ladakh region near the India-China border, reported on Thursday seeing a line of 100 Indian Army trucks heading toward the front line, wending its way up the Himalayan mountains “like a caravan of ants.”

China charges Canadians with espionage (Foreign Policy) Chinese prosecutors announced today that they have charged two Canadians in Chinese detention with espionage. Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor have been held by Chinese authorities since 2018 in what is seen as a reciprocal move by Beijing after the arrest of Meng Wanzhou, the chief financial officer of Huawei, by Canadian police. Meng is currently under house arrest in Vancouver while fighting a Canadian court battle to halt her extradition to the United States.

Singapore opens gyms, dining out as China outbreak steadies (AP) Singaporeans can wine and dine at restaurants, work out at the gym and socialize with no more than five people at a time as of Friday, when the city-state removed most of its pandemic lockdown restrictions. Getting back to business in Singapore came as China declared a fresh outbreak in Beijing under control after confirming 25 new cases among some 360,000 people tested. That was up by just four from a day earlier. Singapore’s malls, gyms, massage parlors, parks and other public facilities reopened their doors with strict social distancing and other precautions.

Palestinians fear displacement from an annexed Jordan Valley (AP) For generations, the people of Fasayil herded animals on the desert bluffs and palm-shaded lowlands of the Jordan Valley. Today, nearly every man in the Palestinian village works for Jewish settlers in the sprawling modern farms to the north and south. The grazing lands to the west and east, leading down to the banks of the biblical Jordan River, have been swallowed up by the settlements or fenced off by the Israeli military. So instead of leading sheep out to pasture, the men rise before dawn to work in the settlements for around $3 an hour—or they move away. “Everyone here works in the settlements, there’s nothing else,” said Iyad Taamra, a member of the village council who runs a small grocery store. “If you have some money you go somewhere else where there is a future.” Palestinians fear communities across the Jordan Valley will meet a similar fate if Israel proceeds with its plans to annex the territory, which accounts for around a quarter of the occupied West Bank and was once seen as the breadbasket of a future Palestinian state. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to annex the valley and all of Israel’s far-flung West Bank settlements, in line with President Donald Trump’s Middle East plan, which overwhelmingly favors Israel and has been rejected by the Palestinians. The process could begin as soon as July 1.

Saudi Arabia’s crown prince uses travel restrictions to consolidate power (Washington Post) The formal term in Arabic is mana’a al-safar, or “travel bans.” But the practical effect of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s policy of restricting journeys abroad by what appear to be thousands of Saudis is to intimidate those he regards as political threats. “This is hostage-taking as a tool of governing,” argued Khalid Aljabri, a Saudi cardiologist who lives in Toronto. Two of his younger siblings, Omar and Sarah, now both in their early 20s, were banned from travel in June 2017 shortly after MBS, as he’s known, became crown prince. MBS wanted leverage against their father, a former Saudi intelligence official named Saad Aljabri, hoping to force him home to face corruption allegations that Khalid says are false. An investigation shows that this practice of restricting foreign travel is much broader than generally recognized and is part of a larger system of organized repression in the kingdom. MBS has used these tools to consolidate power as he moves toward what some U.S. officials believe may be an attempt, perhaps this year, to seize the full powers of government from his ailing father, King Salman. The total number of Saudis who are subject to travel restrictions, according to Saudi and U.S. analysts, probably runs into the thousands. Those who are banned don’t usually know about their status until they go to the airport or try to cross a border post, where they’re stopped and told that exit is forbidden on order of the state security organization, which operates through the royal court. No formal, written explanation is typically given.

Zimbabwe on the brink (Foreign Policy) Three female opposition activists in Zimbabwe have been forced to remain in prison following a bail hearing on Monday as they face charges of fabricating allegations of being abducted, tortured, and humiliated by police. The charges against the women are widely thought to be politically motivated, while the U.N. called on the authorities to “urgently prosecute and punish the perpetrators of this outrageous crime.” The case against the women, one of whom, Joana Mamombe, is a member of Parliament, comes at a tense time in the country as inflation has risen to 785 percent. The price of bread and sugar has surged by 30 percent over the past week, evoking memories of the hyperinflation seen in 2008 that rendered the country’s currency worthless. Economic crisis and rising public anger have led to mounting speculation that a coup could be in the works. The national security council of Zimbabwe dismissed the rumors in a press conference last week, saying they were being fueled by allies of the late Zimbabwean leader Robert Mugabe.

#headlines #news

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withastolenlantern · 5 years ago

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The sun set slowly over the western horizon towards the Mexican coast as the helicopter carried them across the swells, a bright orange glow in the distance that caused the waves to glisten and sparkle in a hypnotic rhythm in time with the whirring of the rotors above. Chatham sat dejected, her feet dangling out the side port where a machine-gun position had once existed. They’d chased the hovercraft as far as they could, but the copter had been built for transport, not speed, even when it was new, and they'd of course removed all the weaponry. The old bird kept them close for nearly forty kilometers, the autopilot bobbing and weaving around sporadic small-arms fire, but the large turbofans powering the hovercraft eventually outpaced them as the helicopter’s low fuel alarm had chimed.

Whoever they were, they disappeared into the Caribbean twilight like so many pirates before them. The sea that spanned before them had formed the early foundation of the old British Empire, its islands once abustle with privateers and naval frigates alike. Thousands of ships had sailed these waters trading in sugar and gold and slaves, bringing untold wealth to the nascent imperium; the sloops and galleons had long-ago been replaced by drone barges and the slaves with autofabs. Things had come full circle, now, and it seemed fitting that the reincarnated royal union might begin its decline here as well.

She instructed the autopilot to turn and head for the Jamaican coast, where they landed at a joint Union and US naval air station. The obsolete helo purred like an enormous kitten as the rotors spun down and she dismounted the deck of the aircraft onto still-hot tarmac in the fading light of the equatorial sun. Santomas followed, his head ducked low under the slowing whine of the helicopter, as if unsure of a safe distance from the blades. Davis’s mobile rang as they crossed the air field, and he walked a distance to take the call outside the din of the aircraft.

Across the landing pad she watched what appeared to be American Marines in exosuits running in PT formation; the base supported both Commonwealth and US operations in the Caribbean, but since the formation of the Union, the "Special Relationship" had become strained, especially since the Canadians had rejected a US-led proposal for a greater North American Congress of Nations. The Canadian parliament cited their status as a former Crown Dominion as a major factor in rejecting the invitation, but the influence of the US and it's defacto Mexican puppet-state's continued adherence to a "might makes right" socio-economic policy was evident. She passed several of the Union infantry garrison standing to the west end of the airfield, stoically but obviously observing their American counterparts' exercises with derision.

Among the gawkers was the young flight leader who’d lent Chatham the Merlin. She stopped beside him and handed over the authenticator fob.

“Yanks are up to something again,” he remarked. “They’ve been drilling like this for days, full recon gear.”

“Drugs, you think?” she responded idly. With the Americans and Mexicans it was always either drugs or immigrants. It wasn’t entirely surprising, she’d always thought. Central and South America had always been somewhat under-developed, and the shifting climate and rising seas had only exacerbated the situation. The US land border with its southern neighbor was enormous, and largely desert, which made securing it incredibly difficult. Her native South Africa had a similar geographic disadvantage, but while they still embraced the Rainbow Nation ethos, the Americans had responded to their modern economic challenges by ignoring their largely immigrant history and doubling-down on nationalist sentiments and geographic isolationism.

“Most likely,” the young man said with a shrug. “What’s your deal, then? Command just said to expect some civvies and to have the helo fueled when you arrived. Never got to ask.”

“HeRMES,” the detective said, flashing her credentials from her mobile.

“Didn’t think they gave coppers flying lessons.”

“No, but the SBS does,” she replied with a wry smile.

“Curiouser and curiouser. And what’s with the nerd?” he asked, pointing toward Santomas who she now saw was now sprinting toward them across the tarmac.

“Technical consultant,” Chatham said, doing a poor job of hiding a smirk. She could only imagine her own reaction, back then, to such a scene: an obvious civilian running across the airbase, caked in sweat, with such reckless abandon.

Santomas skidded to a halt next to her, his face red and drenched in perspiration from the heat and his recent exertion. He tried to speak, then thought better of it and swallowed several heavy gulps of air. “That was the boss,” he panted. “He was pissed.”

“I’d assume so,” she said with a snort.

“He’s in Singapore until next week but he wants a full report when he gets back. Wants me back in the lab figuring out how the hell somebody’s getting execution access to the fabs. ‘Right bloody now’ I believe were the exact words,” Davis explained.

“Never a dull moment I suppose,” she said, turning to the officer. She offered a crisp salute in thanks. “Squadron Leader.”

“Don’t I know it, mum,” he said, returning the gesture.

They left the cadre of servicemen and walked across the airfield to one of the distant hangars. One of the Consortium’s commercial aircraft was parked under a rusting corrugated aluminum roof; it had ferried them down to the Caribbean and would carry them back up to Wales. How the Earl had gotten permission to park a private jet on an active Commonwealth military installation was beyond the detective, but she presumed that it had something to do with wealth and its privileges.

They boarded the jet without fanfare, and Davis keyed in his credentials and submitted the flight plan. Chatham settled into one of the plush chairs midway through the cabin and opened a terminal to begin her situation report. Before she knew it the autopilot had spooled up the turbines and they were aloft into the rapidly darkening sky, chasing the sunset as it crawled its way east. She looked out through one of the windows and saw Jamaica, still green and verdant even in the twilight, quickly disappear, just another speck amidst the breakers, swallowed by the massive sea.

They flew in silence most of the way, Chatham working on her report and Davis just sitting quietly across the cabin. He nursed a small glass of whiskey from the Earl’s bar in the rear, mainly swirling it against the sides of the frosted crystal, staring off into space.

“You’ve been atypically quiet, Mister Santomas,” she said looking up from the terminal.

“I’ve, uh… I’ve never been shot at before. Never killed anybody either. I think that’s catching up with me a little bit,” he said, continuing to stare at the floor.

“Best not to make a habit of either, I’ve found,” Chatham responded.

“Puts things in perspective a little,” the engineer confessed. “What if it had been me, falling lifeless through that hatch?”

The detective put down the terminal and leaned forward toward him. She’d been through this existential crisis before, many years ago in a bivouac in some coastal Indian city she couldn’t remember. Earlier that day she’d fired her weapon for the first time in anger, shooting a suicide bomber out of mid-air as he leaped over rubble and sprinted toward her squad. Afterward, she stood over the body, silent, staring at the hole in the insurgent’s chest. It was bigger than she had expected, somehow, and when she’d closed her eyes that night it was all she could see; a gaping, oozing portal where a person used to be, and it threatened to pull her in and consume her whole.

“But it wasn’t you,” she said.

“Tell me one thing I’ve done that matters,” he challenged.

“I mean, I’m...” she started to argue.

“Its fine,” he said, waving the detective off. “It’s not you. I’ve been doing this a long time, and I’ve heard it all. I’m reliable. I get things done. I’m ‘good at my function’.” He made finger quotes as he listed off descriptors. “But those are the qualities you look for in a washing machine, not a person.”

Chatham tried to interrupt, but he continued. “When I’m gone, it won’t matter. In the course of human history, I don’t even rate a footnote. Fuck, the shareholders won’t even notice, and I’ve done nothing but make them money. No… no they’ll probably be happy because they can replace me with someone cheaper,” he scoffed, turning his eyes to the floor. “I haven’t accomplished anything with my miserable existence that’s worth a damn.”

The detective sat quietly, unsure of what to say. She knew from her own experience that whatever arguments she might present to the contrary would fall on deaf ears. When one fell in to these depths, no rhetorical ropes could pull you out until you’d resolved to make the climb. Her companion continued to fume, obviously if quietly. “You’re probably not… wrong,” she hazarded. “In the grand scheme of things, I don’t know that any of us really matter. Not as individuals, anyway. I mean, I have a Military Cross and I keep it in a fucking sock drawer. When I’m dead, they’ll etch a fancy symbol on my tombstone, and that’ll be the last anyone thinks of me.”

He looked up at her, his gaze deep and penitent. “This is all a fucking show, you know,” he said, gesturing around the laboratory. “It’s a sham, like me. HenRI is more than capable of running everything in here, at least to the Board’s liking. They put a body down here because it ‘humanizes’ the Consortium, makes the investors feel like they’re doing business with a human enterprise, and not just a machine. When Diaz passed away, they thought about letting HenRI run all of Operations. It’s not like we really do any meaningful R&D anymore; there’s no point when they’re shutting down most of the fabs. But the Earl knew better, and he was nervous about giving a virtual intelligence that much control. He wanted someone… pliable. Someone he could trot out to glad-hand and speak the customers’ language, but wouldn’t make waves. I’m no more than HenRI’s secretarial functions in flesh and bone.”

“I don’t believe that, even if you do,” she replied.

“Diaz killed himself, you know.”

“What?” Chatam said, taken aback.

Santomas shook his head in the affirmative, pantomiming a finger gun. “Forty-five to the temple, a no-doubter. Two floors up from here, in his office. He printed the gun himself, in one of the dev lab fabs that were off the network. I found the code on the server a couple days later.”

“Christ,” the detective swore.

“Janitorial drone found him one night, 3 AM, slumped over his desk. Only threw up the flag because of all the blood. HenRI notified me, and I had to break the news to Jaime, his partner. The Consortium bought his silence, of course; he took the payout and their kid and moved to some island in the Caribbean, or whatever’s left of it. Haven’t heard from him since,” he explained.

“Did he leave a note?” she asked.

“Not as such. It’s… it’s probably my fault, if anything,” Santomas said, starting to choke up. “I know Jaime hated it here in Wales and they were drifting apart at the end; looking back, I think I was the closest thing Yangervis had left resembling a friend. His parents fled cartel violence in Colombia when he was five, and they landed in Texas. They had trouble making ends meet in the US. His dad was killed robbing a convenience store; his mother sued the state and the settlement was how he was able to afford his initial studies at A&M. He started the autofabs, in my opinion anyway, as a way to relieve some of that economic anxiety for other families so they didn’t have go through what he did. We were so successful at first, but then Black Tuesday happened, and I think he blamed himself for all the layoffs that followed.

Looking back, I keep wondering if there weren’t signs I should have recognized. He used to gripe all the time about expanding capabilities and finding ways to streamline distributions to do more for the growing poor. I just… I never realized how far down that particular rabbit hole he’d gone. We had a memorial here, and then a week later the Earl offered me his job. I should’ve said no, but I’m too much of a coward.” The engineer wiped a single tear from his cheek with his shirt-sleeve.

Chatham leaned forward and patted his leg gently.“You saved my life today,” the detective replied. “That’s what you did that matters. There was no cowardice in that.”

#long post #these passages have probably been posted before #but at the time they were mostly just exercises and now i've found an organic fit for them #or whatever this whole thing is terrible #the world ocean

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southeastasianists · 6 years ago

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After docking in the Dutch East Indies, the Emden was finally stopped by an Australian cruiser that ran it ashore in Singapore. The surviving crew of the German vessel were interned there, then a part of British Malaya. Also stationed in Singapore was the Indian Army’s Fifth Light Infantry, which unsuccessfully mutinied in January 1915 after they learned they might be sent to fight in Turkey against fellow Muslims (though they were eventually sent to Hong Kong instead). The 309 interned Germans from the Emden joined in the mutiny, which left dead eight British and three Malay soldiers, as well as a dozen Singapore civilians.

#Southeast Asia #History #WWI #Colonialism

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caliber8info · 4 months ago

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historicwomendaily · 6 years ago

Photo

women in history

↳ anna leonowens

“Anna claimed she was born in Wales in 1834, which would have made her 28 when she arrived in Bangkok in 1862. Though not wealthy, her family was distinguished; her father was an army captain and her mother came from an ancient Welsh family. When Anna was six, she and a sister were left behind while her parents were posted to India where, shortly afterwards, her father was killed in battle on the northwest frontier.

In 1857, Leonowens, by then a major, was posted to Singapore and it was there Anna heard the bad news that a small fortune left to her by her father had been lost in the collapse of a bank during the Indian Mutiny. Worse was to come. A year late Major Leonowens suffered a stroke on a tiger hunt and died, leaving her with two small children and no money. She started a small school, bringing in enough to send her daughter Avis back to England but not much more. A new challenge came with an invitation from King Mongkut to go to Siam. With characteristic pluck off she went, accompanied by her young son, Louis. A refined gentlewoman, marked by personal loss but brave and determined to bring light to less fortunate lives - that is the image of Anna drawn by herself, by all the actresses who have portrayed her on stage and screen and even by historians who accuse her of wilfully maligning a great man.

Anna married when she was 18, not to a dashing young officer but to a 22-year-old clerk whose name was not Leonowens but Thomas Leon Owens. He did not seem to hold any job for long and the couple moved about frequently. Dr Bristowe never did pinpoint the precise birth dates of Louis and Avis and finally concluded they must have taken place on board a ship. At some other unknown time Leon Owens changed his name to Leonowens, and the doctor did find a record of his death - of apoplexy - in Penang, on May 8, 1859, where he was listed as a "hotel keeper."

According to Dr Bristowe, Anna was already busily burying her past when she arrived in Singapore, so successfully not even her own children penetrated her disguise. Among other things, this required a complete break with her sister Eliza back in India, a step she may have been doubly glad she took - given the social prejudices of the time - if word ever reached her that Eliza's eldest daughter married a Eurasian named Pratt. As thorough as ever, Dr Bristowe traced that family, too, and made the engaging discovery the youngest child of the union - that is, Anna's grand-nephew - became the actor Boris Karloff, of Frankenstein fame.

After leaving Thailand, Anna spent some years in America, where her books were written, and eventually settled in Canada with her daughter. There she died in 1915 at the ripe old age of 85 (not 82 as her family and friends thought), still playing, by now with accomplished skill, a role that might have challenged the best of her later impersonators.” - members.tripod.com, the truth about anna

#weloveperioddrama #perioddramaedit #historyedit #history #19th Century #Indian History #english history #British history #canadian history #Thai history #anna leonowens #our edits #by julia

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extreme-investor-network · 2 years ago

Text

When Gold is just Gold: Is Russian Gold Back in Favor?

It’s been an interesting week so far in the world of gold prices and central banks making use of their gold reserves. For those asking if they should buy gold, two events this week provide further arguments on the benefits of holding the precious metal. There is little doubt that central banks, notably the U.S. Federal Reserve, are going to have a mess to clean up after the catastrophe they have created in markets. Just about everything is jittery – equities, bonds, housing …etc.Even gold and silver prices have been on a roller coaster ride from one day to the next.After last week’s Fed meeting on Wednesday equity markets rallied but then declined. On Thursday and Friday, fear took hold – namely fear of recession/stagflation. The chart below shows a comparison of gold, silver, select equity indices, and bitcoin.During this time of market turmoil gold and silver have done their job of holding their value! Take note of the sharp decline in Bitcoin once touted by many as the ‘new gold’ … in this instance Bitcoin is the largest decliner, but in US dollar terms gold has not declined at all! 2022 Asset Price Comparison Chart Two other topics of interest made news this week: Firstly $100,000,000 of Russian gold was moved into Switzerland and, secondly the newly released report from the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) on the future of the monetary system. Is Russian gold shining again? The Swiss Federal Customs Administration reported that it imported over 3 tons of gold from Russia in May. This is the first time that Switzerland has imported gold from Russia since the war broke out in February. This could be a sign that the perception of Russia is changing as most refiners would not accept Russia’s gold after sanctions were implemented in late February. Back then LBMA (London Bullion Market Association) removed Russia’s fabricators from its accredited list. This put a de facto ban on newly mined Russian gold.However, previously mined gold was not prohibited from being further processed by other refiners. But some refiners were hesitant to do so. Russia has a big impact on the gold market, it is the second-largest gold-producing country (following China) and its central bank holds the 5th largest gold reserves. Russia’s central bank holds 2299 tonnes of gold. For more see our post from December 9 Russia: A Prominent Player in the Global Gold MarketThe physical move of gold from Russia to Switzerland does not mean that the Russian Central Bank is selling its gold. More likely is that this gold is loan guarantee collateral. Obviously, no one but the Russian central bank knows for certain what is happening to this physical gold. But it does once again give us a chance to remind everyone that counterparty risk is so important. Russia may have willingly moved some of its refined gold to Switzerland because without doing so that physical gold cannot become the collateral for borrowing money or maybe even the basis of the gold sale.No one would be willing to lend Russia money against that gold if the physical gold remained in Russia because: if you don’t hold it then you don’t own it.Here is a hypothetical example to illustrate the workings of a loan for which this recently shipped gold serves as collateral. Assume that Russia wants to borrow $100,000,000 from India to pay for computer chips made in Singapore. India might be willing to lend money to Russia despite the Ukraine war. However, India definitely knows Russia cannot be trusted to repay just because Russia previously agreed to pay. Said another way, Russia is not considered a reliable counterparty, especially regarding assets contained within its own Russian borders. Furthermore, after a loan default, no Russian judge would dare rule India had a valid claim unless President Putin said so publicly. Hence India cannot rely upon the Russian legal system to protect India’s interests as a lender to Russia. And India knows that its own Indian army is not strong enough to force its way into Russia. Then collect $100,000,000 of assets, and then leave Russia if the collection is needed following a loan default. So, a peaceful collateral arrangement is necessary where the physical gold is moved to where India can seize it if the loan goes bad. Such holding and owning agreements are needed before any loan is made.Without India being comfortable that the loan principal will be repaid by either cash from Russia or by India seizing the tonnes of gold, no loan would ever be advanced. So what is the solution?The solution was that gold collateral for such a loan needed to rest with a counterparty acceptable to India. India knows that Switzerland will hand over Russia’s gold once it is clear that Russia cannot (or will not) repay India any other way. From the Indian lender perspective, Switzerland is an acceptable counterparty for physical gold whilst Russia is clearly not. This means the gold guarantee of a $200,000,000 loan must be held in Switzerland instead of Russia.On the other hand, Russia views Switzerland as a better counterparty than India for holding its gold because Switzerland has zero incentive to seize gold that does not belong to it – especially from Russia.Notably, the Russians would never choose America as a counterparty for this gold loan. Since America is already busy seizing whatever Russian assets it can find. Switzerland's Russian Gold Imports Chart Original Article Original Article Here: Read the full article

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foxio43 · 3 years ago

Text

Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Pirate Paint Jobs Pack

Ativações / Sistemas

Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Pirate Paint Jobs Pack

Game: Euro Truck Simulator 2 Platform: PC Gamer: hkkane Gameplay Date: 29 July 2015 Gameplay Part./ Note: Prehistoric Paint Jobs Pack. Below are the minimum and recommended system specifications for Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Australian Paint Jobs Pack - Steam - Key GLOBAL. Due to potential programming changes, the minimum system requirements for Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Australian Paint Jobs Pack - Steam - Key GLOBAL may change over time. Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Halloween Paint Jobs Pack Customize your truck with a choice of six dark and scary paint jobs! Halloween is a great time to be different and make your truck stand out against the usual serious business look of vehicles found on the roads today.

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About the game

Customize your truck by choosing among the 8 unique options of this DLC! Progressbar95 download.

Travel across Europe as king of the road, a trucker who delivers important cargo across impressive distances! With dozens of cities to explore from the UK, Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and many more, your endurance, skill and speed will all be pushed to their limits.

Highlights

Pirate Flag Decal;

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Pirate bobblehead;

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System Requirements

Minimum

OS:Windows XP

Storage:2 GB

Processor:Dual Core 2.0GHz

Memory:2 GB

Graphics:GeForce 7600 GT

Recommended

OS:Windows 7

Storage:4 GB

Processor:Quad Core 3.0GHz

Memory:4 GB

Graphics:GeForce GTS 450

DirectX:10

Minimum

OS:Ubuntu 12.04

Storage:2 GB

Processor:Dual Core 2.0GHz

Memory:2 GB

Graphics:GeForce 7600 GT

Recommended

OS:Ubuntu 12.04

Storage:4 GB

Processor:Quad Core 3.0GHz

Memory:4 GB

Graphics:GeForce GTS 450

Release date:2016-09-19

Developer: SCS Software

Publisher: SCS Software

Game Mode

Single-player

Language

BulgarianCzechDanishGermanGreekEnglishSpanishFinnishFrenchHúngaroItalianNorwegianDutchPolishPortuguese (BR)Portuguese (PT)RomanianRussianSwedishTurkish

Ativações / Sistemas

Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Mighty Griffin Tuning Pack

This game/item requires:

Available Regions for Activation

Across the globe, except South America and Europe.

Afghanistan

Algeria

American Samoa

Angola

Anguilla

Antarctica

Antigua & Barbuda

Aruba

Australia

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belize

Benin

Bermuda

Bhutan

Botswana

Bouvet Island

British Indian Ocean Territory

British Virgin Islands

Brunei

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Cape Verde

Caribbean Netherlands

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Chad

China

Christmas Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Comoros

Congo - Brazzaville

Congo - Kinshasa

Cook Islands

Costa Rica

Côte d’Ivoire

Cuba

Curaçao

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Faroe Islands

Fiji

French Polynesia

French Southern Territories

Gabon

Gambia

Ghana

Gibraltar

Grenada

Guadeloupe

Guam

Guatemala

Guernsey

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Haiti

Heard & McDonald Islands

Honduras

Hong Kong SAR China

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Isle of Man

Israel

Jamaica

Japan

Jersey

Jordan

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Kenya

Kiribati

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Kyrgyzstan

Laos

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Lesotho

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Macau SAR China

Madagascar

Malawi

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Maldives

Mali

Marshall Islands

Martinique

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Mauritius

Mayotte

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Mongolia

Montserrat

Morocco

Mozambique

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Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

New Caledonia

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Niue

Norfolk Island

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Northern Mariana Islands

Oman

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Palau

Palestinian Territories

Panama

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Philippines

Pitcairn Islands

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Réunion

Russia

Rwanda

Saint Martin

Samoa

São Tomé & Príncipe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Solomon Islands

Somalia

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South Korea

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Sri Lanka

St. Barthélemy

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Sudan

Svalbard & Jan Mayen

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Syria

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Tajikistan

Tanzania

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Timor-Leste

Togo

Tokelau

Tonga

Trinidad & Tobago

Tunisia

Turkmenistan

Turks & Caicos Islands

Tuvalu

U.S. Outlying Islands

U.S. Virgin Islands

Uganda

United Arab Emirates

United States

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Vietnam

Wallis & Futuna

Western Sahara

Yemen

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Euro Truck Simulator Download

About the game

Truck tuning is something that is close to the heart of all truckers. If you have ever been to a truck show, you would see that the amount of love and effort that some drivers are willing to devote to their vehicles is unbelievable. Tons of chrome, expensive hand-made parts, lights and paints - they can turn a regular truck into the work of art!

Toby: the secret mine download. Explore this phenomenon yourself, and trick up your Scania R and Scania Streamline trucks in Euro Truck Simulator 2 with a million of possible combinations of aftermarket parts including: chassis covers, rear bumpers, exhausts, front masks and grilles, stone guards, bull bars, front and rear mudflaps, wheel hubs, door and window trims, paint jobs, front badges, and various cabin accessories like curtains, mugs, LED logos or a dashboard table.

System Requirements

Minimum

OS:Windows XP

Storage:2 GB

Processor:Dual Core 2.0GHz

Memory:2 GB

Graphics:GeForce 7600 GT

Recommended

OS:Windows 7

Storage:4 GB

Processor:Quad Core 3.0GHz

Memory:4 GB

Graphics:GeForce GTS 450

DirectX:10

Minimum

OS:Ubuntu 12.04

Storage:2 GB

Processor:Dual Core 2.0GHz

Memory:2 GB

Graphics:GeForce 7600 GT

Recommended

OS:Ubuntu 12.04

Storage:4 GB

Processor:Quad Core 3.0GHz

Memory:4 GB

Graphics:GeForce GTS 450

Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Pirate Paint Jobs Pack 1.8

(C) 2016 SCS Software. Cloud gardens download apk. All brand names, trademarks, registered marks, logos, and symbols on vehicles in the game are property of their rightful owners. Used with kind permission.

Release date:2016-06-28

Developer: SCS Software

Publisher: SCS Software

Game Mode

Single-player

Language

Euro Truck Simulator 2 - Pirate Paint Jobs Pack 4

BulgarianCzechDanishGermanGreekEnglishSpanishFinnishFrenchHúngaroItalianNorwegianDutchPolishPortuguese (BR)Portuguese (PT)RomanianRussianSwedishTurkish

0 notes