#moses ben maimon

[wisdom-and-such]

"The Tao that can be told is not the eternal Tao. The name that can be named is not the eternal Name." --Tao Te Ching

Compare with 10th century Jewish Philosopher Maimonides in his ' The Guide for the Perplexed ' :

" G-d's existence is absolute...

Consequently it is a false assumption to hold that He has any positive attribute; for He does not possess existence in addition to His essence ;

it therefore cannot be said that The One may be described as an attribute.".

[secular-jew]

I keep hearing that, as Muhammad's murderous jihadis crusaded their way across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, the Islamic overlords "respected and even protected their subjects' right to practice their own religion, especially the Jews." If this is respect, I'd hate to see what the bad side of Islamic ethnic cleansing looks like: 622 - 627: Ethnic cleansing of Jews (who comprised roughly 50% of the population of Medina) carried out by Muhammad and his Jihadis. Over 800 Jewish men and boys (based on a pubic hair check), were killed by beheading. Women were forced into sexual slavery, and the children were given to Islamic Jihadis as slaves. Mohammad force-married Safiyyah, after murdering her husband and father.

629: 1st Alexandria Massacres of Jews, Egypt.

622 - 634: Exterminations of Arabian Jewish tribes.

1033: 1st massacre of Jews in Fez, Morocco.

1066: Granada Massacre of Jews, Muslim-occupied Spain.

1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakesh decrees death penalty for any local Jew, including his Jewish Physician, and as well as his Jewish military general.

1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam, or expulsion.

1165 - 1178: Jews of Yemen given the choice (under new constitution) to either convert to Islam or die.

1165: Chief Rabbi of the Maghreb was publicly burnt alive. The Rambam (Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon), forced to flee Spain to Egypt.

1220: Tens of thousands of Jews massacred by Muslims Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, after being blamed for Mongol invasion.

1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolved to burn all the Jews, a ditch having been dug for that purpose; but at the last moment he repented, and instead exacted a heavy tribute, during the collection of which many perished.

1276: 2nd Fez Pogrom (massacre) against Jews in Morocco

1385: Khorasan Massacres against Jews in Iran

1438: 1st Mellah Ghetto massacres against Jews in Morocco

1465: 3rd Fez Pogrom against Jews in Morocco, leaving only 11 Jews left alive

1517: 1st Safed Pogrom in Muslim Ottoman controlled Judea

1517: 1st Hebron Pogrom in Muslim-controlled Judea, by occupying Ottomans

1517: Marsa ibn Ghazi Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Libya

1577: Passover Massacre throughout the Ottoman Empire

1588 - 1629: Mahalay Pogroms of Jews in Iran

1630 - 1700: Yemenite Jews considered 2nd class citizens and subjugated under strict Shi'ite 'dhimmi' rules

1660: 2nd Judean Pogrom, in Safed Israel (Ottoman-controlled Palestine)

1670: Expulsion of Mawza Jews in Yemen

1679 - 1680: Massacres of Jews in Sanaa, Yemen

1747: Massacres of the Jews of Mashhad, Iran

1785: Pogrom of Libyan Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripoli, Libya

1790 - 92: Tetuan Pogrom. Morocco (Jews of Tetuan stripped naked, and lined up for Muslim perverts)

1800: Decree passed in Yemen, criminalizing Jews from wearing clothing that is new or good, or from riding mules or donkeys. Jews were also rounded up for long marches naked through the Roob al Khali dessert

1805: 1st Algiers Massacre/Pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria

1808: 2nd Ghetto Massacres in Mellah, Morocco

1815: 2nd Algiers massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria

1820: Sahalu Lobiant Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1828: Baghdad massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Iraq

1830: 3rd massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algiers, Algeria

1830: Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran

1834: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Hebron, Judea

1834: Massacre/pogrom of Safed Jews in Ottoman-controlled Palestine/Judea

1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews in Iran

1840: Damascus Affair following first of many blood libels against Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1844: 1st Cairo Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1847: Dayr al-Qamar massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon

1847: Ethnic cleansing of the Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman-controlled Palestine

1848: 1st Damascus massacre/pogrom, in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1850: 1st Aleppo massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1860: 2nd Damascus massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria

1862: 1st Beirut massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon

1866: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans Kuzguncuk, Turkey

1867: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Barfurush, Turkey

1868: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Eyub, Turkey

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Sfax, Tunisia

1864 - 1880: Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Marrakesh, Morocco

1870: 2nd Alexandria Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1870: 1st Istanbul massacre of Jews in Ottoman Turkey

1871: 1st Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1872: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Edirne, Turkey

1872: 1st Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Izmir, Turkey

1873: 2nd Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1874: 2nd Izmir massacre of Jews in Turkey

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Istanbul Turkey

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Beirut, Lebanon

1875: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Aleppo, Syria

1875: Massacre of Jews in Djerba Island, Ottoman-controlled Tunisia

1877: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanhur, Egypt

1877: Massacres of Jews in Mansura, Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1882: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Homs, Syria

1882: 3rd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1890: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damascus, Syria.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1891: 4th massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanahur, Egypt.

1897: Targeted murder of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripolitania, Libya.

1903 &1907: Massacres of Hews in Ottoman-controlled Taza & Settat, Morocco.

1901 - 1902: 3rd set of massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1901 - 1907: 4th set of Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1903: 1st massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Sa'id, Egypt.

1903 - 1940: Series of massacres in Taza and Settat, Morocco.

1907: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Casablanca, Morocco.

1908: 2nd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Said, Egypt.

1910: Blood libel against Jews in Shiraz, Iran.

1911: Massacre of Jews by Muslims in Shiraz, Iran.

1912: 4th massacre in Ottoman-controlled Fez, Morocco.

1917: Baghdad Iraq Jews murdered by Ottomans.

1918 - 1948: Yemen passes a law criminalizing the raising of a Jewish orphan in Yemen.

1920: Massacres of Jews in Irbid Jordan (British mandate Palestine).

1920 - 1930: Arab riots resulting in hundreds of Jewish deaths, British mandate Palestine.

1921: 1st Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1922: Massacres of Jews in Djerba, Tunisia.

1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery, and forced to nvert to Islam by Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen.

1929: 3rd Hebron (Israel) massacre of Jews by Arabs in British mandate Palestine.

1929 3rd massacre of Jews by Arabs in Safed (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1933: 2nd Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1934: Massacre of Jews in Thrace, Turkey.

1936: 3rd riots by Arabs against Jews in Jaffa (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1941: Massacres of Jews in Farhud, Iraq.

1942: Muslim leader Grand Mufti collaboration with the Nazis, playing a major role in the final solution.

1938 - 1945: Full alliance and collaboration by Arabs with the Nazis in attacking and murdering Jews in the Middle East and Africa.

1945: 4th massacre of Jews by Muslims in Cairo, Egypt.

1945: Massacre of Jews in Tripolitania, Libya.

1947: Massacre of Jews by Muslims in Aden, Yemen.

2023: Massacre, rape, torture and kidnapping of ~1,500 Israelis (mostly Jews) by Muslims in numerous towns throughout southern Israel.

[vaspider]

Hi Spider, you probably get enough asks about Maimonides as it is, but thanks for sharing that. Being queer in a religiously conservative country gives me a lot of mixed feelings about religion in general, but the link restored my faith (haha) in it a little.

Are you kidding me? I'm DELIGHTED to be getting asks about Maimonides!

Here's a favorite that @oldest-man-alive-blog just got to experience for the first time:

From the Wikipedia article on Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon): "An oft-cited legal maxim from his pen is: "It is better and more satisfactory to acquit a thousand guilty persons than to put a single innocent one to death." He argued that executing a defendant on anything less than absolute certainty would lead to a slippery slope of decreasing burdens of proof, until defendants would be convicted merely according to the judge's caprice."

[archdl]

Abrahamic Family House | Abu Dhabi, UAE (2023) - Designed by @adjayeassociates @adjaye_visual_sketchbook Photography by @drorbaldingerphotographer "Excited to share a #firstlook at The Abrahamic Family House, a new centre for learning, dialogue and the practice of faith located in the Saadiyat Cultural District in Abu Dhabi, capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Encompassing three separate houses of worship – a mosque, a church, and a synagogue – as well as shared spaces for gathering and dialogue, it will welcome visitors from 1 March 2023. Abrahamic Family House: Imam Al-Tayeb Mosque His Holiness Francis Church Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue . Sunlight is @abrahamicfh's principal design material, impacting the interior of each house of worship at different times of day.⁠ ⁠ Inside the Imam Al-Tayeb Mosque, light filters through mashrabiya screens onto seamless colonnades and illuminates the mihrab.⁠ ⁠ Suspended above the congregation in His Holiness Francis Church is a ceiling of timber battens that glow as sunlight enters the space.⁠ ⁠ Light enters the Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue through three layers of V-shaped columns and a bronze mesh tent which drapes over the congregation.⁠ ⁠ The Abrahamic Family House is open to worshippers now and opens to visitors on March 1st.⁠" . ⭕ What do you think about this design? 🔻Tag your Architect Friends! . ❌Turn ON Post Notifications to see new Contents.❗ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Follow @archdlofficial for more! 🖤 Tag #archdl and #archdlofficial or DM your works for Featuring! #design #architect #architecture #UAE #abudhabi #mosque #church #synagogue #worship #concrete (at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates) https://www.instagram.com/p/CpPQWevs49V/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[transitranger327]

Just a reminder to everyone that single hereditary surnames are NOT the historical norm in most of the world, nor the current norm in much of the world. Patronyms/Matronyms (names that are effectively “child of [parent name]”) are exceptionally common, both now and in the past of places where hereditary surnames are used

Most native Spanish speakers have two surnames, one from each parent. And many of those surnames evolved from patronyms (Rodríguez is “son of Rodrigo”).

Icelanders continue to use patronyms/matronyms, so phonebooks there are sorted by given name. The current Prime Minister of Iceland is Katrín Jakobsdóttir, and before her was Bjarni Benediktsson. They even have an official nonbinary suffix, -bur. This was fairly common across Northern Europe during the Medieval period, but Iceland still uses it.

Arabic Names can include a given name, several patronyms/matronyms in a loose genealogy (sometimes it jumps generations), a title (which sometimes is a family name, but can also just be an honorific), a nickname (which sometimes is a family name but could also be a hometown or profession), and a tekonym (effectively “parent of [child name]”) sometimes literally their child’s name but sometimes a metaphorical child’s name.

The best example of how patronyms can be translated across languages imo is the Jewish philosopher “Maimonides”. As a native Arabic speaker, he was Abu Imran Musa bin Maimun bin Ubaidallah al-Qurtubi, or the Jewish Moses (Imran/Amram is the father of the Biblical Moses), son of Maimon, son of Obadiah, from Cordoba. In Hebrew, he was known as Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon (abbreviated as Rambam). And his name was translated into Greek as “Moses Maimonides”, as “-ides” means “son of”. A Slavic patronym for him would be “Maimonovich”, while the Icelandic version would simply be “Maimonson”

And this is just in the West, many places in the global South use other naming conventions. East Asia is one of the few other places where single hereditary surnames are common (and have been for millennia), but often the family is listed first, before the given name.

if we want to stop the patriarchal concept of surnames being passed down the male line, we have a few options options that i’d be 100% fine with:

children get whichever surname is cooler, to eliminate uncool surnames over the generations

children get whichever surname is rarer, to achieve a utopian future in a few centuries where all surnames are more or less equally common

children’s surnames are randomly generated: say, heads for parent #1’s surname, tails for parent #2’s surname

parents pick the first names first, and then a court decides which surname fits it better. so if a couple named mr. madison and mr. liu want to name their daughter alison, she’ll get the surname liu, because alison madison sounds ridiculous

everyone stops having children right now

[bylagunabay]

Prayer for the End Time

THE ATHANASIAN CREED (AGAINST ANY AND ALL HERESIES)

Bishop Arius of Alexandria (+336) taught that Christ is a created being and not truly divine. The main beliefs of Arius in his Arianism Heresy are threefold: God is the only being who is self-existent and independent; Jesus is a creature who has a beginning and is dependent on God for his existence; and Jesus is subordinate to God the Father.

St. Athanasius held that Arius's teachings reduced Jesus to a demigod, reintroduced polytheism, and undermined the Christian concept of redemption. This is exactly where the “Synodal Church”, a.k.a. synodality and synodal path, being implemented by certain dignitaries in the Vatican may inevitably attain by transforming the Catholic Church into an Ecumenical Church. The official statement by the Vatican on ecumenism can be read in a joint letter entitled “The Ecumenical Dimension of the Synodal Process” (www.synod.va).

Already a complex of three churches has been built to house ecumenical worshippers. Located in the Saadiyat Cultural District in Abu Dhabi, the Abrahamic Family House is home to the St. Francis Church, Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue and the  Imam Al-Tayeb Mosque.

St, Athanasius composed our Apostles’ Creed not only to oppose the Arian heresy and all heresies for that matter, but also to make it clear to Catholics of all time the essential components of our Faith.

So, you decide if you want to be part of the Synodal Church.

[eugene114]

The great codifier of Torah law and Jewish philosophy, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon ("Maimonides" also known as "The Rambam"), compiled what he refers to as the Shloshah Asar Ikkarim, the "Thirteen Fundamental Principles" of the Jewish faith, as derived from the Torah. Maimonides refers to these thirteen principles of faith as "the fundamental truths of our religion and its very foundations." The Thirteen Principles of Jewish faith (as recorded in Maimonides' introduction to Perek Chelek) are as follows:

1. Belief in the existence of the Creator, who is perfect in every manner of existence and is the Primary Cause of all that exists.

2. The belief in G‑d's absolute and unparalleled unity.

3. The belief in G‑d's non-corporeality, nor that He will be affected by any physical occurrences, such as movement, or rest, or dwelling.

4. The belief in G‑d's eternity.

5. The imperative to worship G‑d exclusively and no foreign false gods.

6. The belief that G‑d communicates with man through prophecy.

7. The belief in the primacy of the prophecy of Moses our teacher.

8. The belief in the divine origin of the Torah.

9. The belief in the immutability of the Torah.

10. The belief in G‑d's omniscience and providence.

11. The belief in divine reward and retribution.

12. The belief in the arrival of the Messiah and the messianic era.

13. The belief in the resurrection of the dead.

It is the custom of many congregations to recite the Thirteen Articles, in a slightly more poetic form, beginning with the words Ani Maamin--"I believe"--every day after the morning prayers in the synagogue.

[commiedervish]

“Man's obsession with adding to his wealth and honor is the chief source of his misery.”

— Moses ben Maimon (Maimonides)، The Guide for the Perplexed

«هوس الإنسان بزيادة ثروته وشرفه هو المصدر الرئيسي لبؤسه.»

— موسى بن ميمون، دلالة الحائرين

[secular-jew]

While there were periods of coexistence with Jews in the Levant, let this brief history disavow you of the notion, being promulgated all over the internet (and especially my inbox) that Jews were treated "well" by Muslims.

Similar in many ways to the dehumanization and murder at the hands of European Christianity, the Jews in Muslim-controlled lands, starting with Muhammad (exemplified in Islam as not just a prophet, but the "perfect example of human being") suffered continuous waves of ethnic-cleansing pogroms and massacres, culminating in the Massacres in southern Israel on October 7th.

This is a short list:

622 - 627: Ethnic cleansing of Jews literally from Mecca and Medina, (Jewish boys with pubic hair were executed along with the men). Over 800 adult males were killed by beheading. Women were forced into sexual slavery, and the children were given to Islamic Jihadis as slaves. Mohammad force-married Safiyyah, after murdering her husband and father.

629: 1st Alexandria Massacres of Jews, Egypt.

622 - 634: Exterminations of Arabian Jewish tribes.

1106: Ali Ibn Yousef Ibn Tashifin of Marrakesh decrees death penalty for any local Jew, including his Jewish Physician, and as well as his Jewish military general.

1033: 1st massacre of Jews in Fez, Morocco.

1148: Almohadin of Morocco gives Jews the choice of converting to Islam, or expulsion.

1066: Granada Massacre of Jews, Muslim-occupied Spain.

1165 - 1178: Jews of Yemen given the choice (under new constitution) to either convert to Islam or die.

1165: Chief Rabbi of the Maghreb was publicly burnt alive. The Rambam (Maimonides, Moses ben Maimon), forced to flee Spain to Egypt.

1220: Tens of thousands of Jews massacred by Muslims Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt, after being blamed for Mongol invasion.

1270: Sultan Baibars of Egypt resolved to burn all the Jews, a ditch having been dug for that purpose; but at the last moment he repented, and instead exacted a heavy tribute, during the collection of which many perished.

1276: 2nd Fez Pogrom (massacre) against Jews in Morocco

1385: Khorasan Massacres against Jews in Iran

1438: 1st Mellah Ghetto massacres against Jews in Morocco.

1465: 3rd Fez Pogrom against Jews in Morocco, leaving only 11 Jews left alive.

1517: 1st Safed Pogrom in Muslim Ottoman controlled Judea

1517: 1st Hebron Pogrom in Muslim-controlled Judea, by occupying Ottomans.

1517: Marsa ibn Ghazi Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Libya.

1577: Passover Massacre throughout the Ottoman Empire.

1588 - 1629: Mahalay Pogroms of Jews in Iran.

1630 - 1700: Yemenite Jews considered 2nd class citizens and subjugated under strict Shi'ite 'dhimmi' rules.

1660: 2nd Judean Pogrom, in Safed Israel (Ottoman-controlled Palestine).

1670: Expulsion of Mawza Jews in Yemen.

1679 - 1680: Massacres of Jews in Sanaa, Yemen.

1747: Massacres of the Jews of Mashhad, Iran.

1785: Pogrom of Libyan Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripoli, Libya.

1790 - 92: Tetuan Pogrom. Morocco (Jews of Tetuuan stripped naked, and lined up for Muslim perverts).

1800: Decree passed in Yemen, criminalizing Jews from wearing clothing that is new or good, or from riding mules or donkeys. Jews were also rounded up for long marches naked through the Roob al Khali dessert.

1805: 1st Algiers Massacre/Pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria.

1808: 2nd Ghetto Massacres in Mellah, Morocco.

1815: 2nd Algiers massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algeria.

1820: Sahalu Lobiant Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1828: Baghdad massacres/pogroms of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Iraq.

1830: 3rd massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Algiers, Algeria.

1830: Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Tabriz, Iran.

1834: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Hebron, Judea.

1834: Massacre/pogrom of Safed Jews in Ottoman-controlled Palestine/Judea.

1839: Massacre of the Mashadi Jews in Iran.

1840: Damascus Affair following first of many blood libels against Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1844: 1st Cairo Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1847: Dayr al-Qamar massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon.

1847: Ethnic cleansing of the Jews in Jerusalem, Ottoman-controlled Palestine.

1848: 1st Damascus massacre/pogrom, in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1850: 1st Aleppo massacre/pogrom of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1860: 2nd Damascus massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Syria.

1862: 1st Beirut massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Lebanon.

1866: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans Kuzguncuk, Turkey.

1867: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Barfurush, Turkey.

1868: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Eyub, Turkey.

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia.

1869: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Sfax, Tunisia.

1864 - 1880: Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Marrakesh, Morocco.

1870: 2nd Alexandria Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1870: 1st Istanbul massacre of Jews in Ottoman Turkey.

1871: 1st Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1872: Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Edirne, Turkey.

1872: 1st Massacre of Jews by Ottomans in Izmir, Turkey.

1873: 2nd Damanhur Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Egypt.

1874: 2nd Izmir massacre of Jews in Turkey.

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Istanbul Turkey.

1874: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Beirut, Lebanon.

1875: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Aleppo, Syria.

1875: Massacre of Jews in Djerba Island, Ottoman-controlled Tunisia.

1877: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanhur, Egypt.

1877: Masaacres of Jews in Mansura, Ottoman-controlled Egypt

1882: Masacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Homs, Syria.

1882: 3rd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1890: 3rd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damascus, Syria.

1890: 2nd massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tunis, Tunisia

1891: 4th massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Damanahur, Egypt.

1897: Targeted murder of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Tripolitania, Libya.

1903 &1907: Masaacres of Hews in Ottoman-controlled Taza & Settat, Morocco.

1901 - 1902: 3rd set of massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Cairo, Egypt.

1901 - 1907: 4th set of Massacres of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Alexandria, Egypt.

1903: 1st massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Sa'id, Egypt.

1903 - 1940: Series of massacres in Taza and Settat, Morocco.

1907: Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Casablanca, Morocco.

1908: 2nd Massacre of Jews in Ottoman-controlled Port Said, Egypt.

1910: Blood libel against Jews in Shiraz, Iran.

1911: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Shiraz, Iran.

1912: 4th massacre in Ottoman-controlled Fez, Morocco.

1917: Baghdad Iraq Jews murdered by Ottomans.

1918 - 1948: Yemen passes a law criminalizing the raising of a Jewish orphan in Yemen.

1920: Massacres of Jews in Irbid Jordan (British mandate Palestine).

1920 - 1930: Arab riots resulting in hundreds of Jewish deaths, British mandate Palestine.

1921: 1st Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1922: Massacres of Jews in Djerba, Tunisia.

1928: Jewish orphans sold into slavery, and forced toonvert to Islam by Muslim Brotherhood, Yemen.

1929: 3rd Hebron (Israel) massacre of Jews by Arabs in British mandate Palestine.

1929 3rd massacre of Jews by Arabs in Safed (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1933: 2nd Jaffa (Israel) riots, British mandate Palestine.

1934: Massacre of Jews in Thrace, Turkey.

1936: 3rd riots by Arabs against Jews in Jaffa (Israel), British mandate Palestine.

1941: Masaacres of Jews in Farhud, Iraq.

1942: Muslim leader Grand Mufti collaboration with the Nazis, playing a major role in the final solution.

1938 - 1945: Full alliance and collaboration by Arabs with the Nazis in attacking and murdering Jews in the Middle East and Africa.

1945: 4th massacre of Jews by Muslims in Cairo, Egypt.

1945: Masaacre of Jews in Tripolitania, Libya.

1947: Masaacre of Jews by Muslims in Aden, Yemen.

2023: Massacre, rape, torture and kidnapping of ~1,500 Israelis (mostly Jews) by Muslims in numerous towns throughout southern Israel.

[ukdamo]

Here’s Maimonides - you can find him in Cordoba, Spain. He was one of medieval Europe’s greatest philosophers and a Torah scholar. 

[christianpublishinghouse-blog]

MAIMONIDES Moses ben Maimon (1135-1204) The Man Who Redefined Judaism

Moses ben Maimon (Arabic: موسى بن ميمون‎), commonly known as Maimonides (/maɪˈmɒnɪdiːz/ my-MON-i-deez) and also referred to by the acronym Rambam, was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. In his time, he was also a preeminent astronomer and physician. Born in Córdoba, Almoravid Empire (present-day…

[globish]

"Some men strive after wealth; some would like to be strong and healthy; others again wish for fame and renown. But the wise ones apply their hearts to knowledge, so that knowing, they may understand the purpose of their lives and work out their destiny before the night cometh." —From the Writings of Moses Maimonides

[molkolsdal]

Manuscript of the Mishneh Torah, Book of Separation (Sefer hafla'ah) by Moses ben Maimon (Maimonides)

Yemen, ca. 1498

The Mishneh Torah was composed by the philosopher and physician Maimonides (1138-1204). Born in Cordoba, Spain, Maimonides wrote his major works in Morocco and Egypt, and his commentary on religious law in the Mishneh Torah has influenced Jewish communities from Spain to Yemen and beyond. The book's owner has noted the births of two of his children on the first page along with a blessing, showing how a scholarly book can also contain tender personal family histories.

[wepicy]

Truth Quote By Moses Ben Maimon “You must accept the truth from whatever source it comes.” - Moses Ben Maimon

[docpiplup]

The historical Hasdai Crescas/Hasday Cresques

@asongofstarkandtargaryen

Hasdai Crescas (Barcelona, Catalonia, 1340-Zaragoza, Aragon, 1412) Jewish philosopher jurist and writer.

A Talmudic authority and a philosopher of great originality, his ideas exerted influence on his student, the Jewish theologian and writer Joseph Albo (Monreal del Campo, Teruel, Aragon, 1380-1444) in his work of Sefer Ha’ikkarim (Book of Principles), a classic work on the fundamentals of Judaism. As well as Baruj Espinoza (Amsterdam, 1632 - The Hague, 1677) Dutch philosopher, son of Sephardic Jews who emigrated to the Netherlands.

Hasdai was born in Carrer Marlet, in the old Jewish quarter of Barcelona. His family came from a wealthy lineage of scholars, traders and rabbis.

He enjoyed a certain material wealth and the esteem of the powerful, so that in 1393 he was appointed exclusive executor of the will of his uncle, Vitalis Azday, by Juan I of Aragon. However in 1378 he was imprisoned on the basis of a false accusation.

As the secretary of the administration of the Jewish district (aljama) of Barcelona since 1373, Hasdai acted as the king's representative on Jewish affairs. He was the great rabbi of Zaragoza from 1389, and in 1390, because of his friendship with with Juan I, he was named the Supreme Judge of all the Aljamas of Aragon. Thanks to his presence and the fact that the king was in Zaragoza during the summer of 1391, the community of the capital was not destroyed, and the destruction of most of the Aragonese Jewish quarters was also avoided. His only son was martyred for his faith, and died in the course of the anti-Semitic pogroms in Barcelona. Since then, all his efforts were directed at rebuilding the Jewish quarters of the Crown of Aragon from Zaragoza, and specially the one from Barcelona, but without any success.

However, these tests did not cloud his faculties or his faith, since he wrote his greatest works after this period. Another episode that marked his life was his reunion with the false messiah Mošeh Botarel of Cisneros, of whom he was briefly a supporter.

Moses studied medicine and philosophy; and he was instructed in the Kabbala. He believed in the efficacy of amulets and cameos, and declared that he was able to combine the names of God for magical purposes, so that he was generally considered a sorcerer. He stated that by means of fasting, ablution, and invocation of the names of God and of the angels prophetic dreams could be induced.

In 1401 Hasdai went to visit Joseph Orabuena at the request of Carlos III of Navarra, whose annals show that the trips to various towns of the Kingdom of Navarra of the "Rabbi of Zaragoza" were paid for.

In The Jewish Religion, Rabbi Louis Jacobs described Crescas as “one of the most influential personalities of Spanish Jewry, in particular in his efforts to prevent Jews from being lured away from Judaism in the wake of persecution.”

Crescas is best known for three written works: a letter to the congregations of Avignon, in which he relates the incidents of the persecution of 1391; a Spanish tractate refuting the main doctrines of Christianity and explaining why Jews stuck to their ancestral faith; and a work entitled Or Adonai (Light of the Lord).

In Or Adonai,  Crescas argued against Aristotelianism, the famous Greek philosopher’s influence on Jewish thinkers like Mošeh ben Maimon aka Maimonides (Córdoba, al-Andalus, Almoravid Empire, March 30, 1138 - Cairo, Ayyubid Egypt, December 12, 1204)

Drawing on his thorough knowledge of philosophical literature, Crescas argued that Aristotle’s arguments were far from infallible, deploring Maimonides for introducing Greek philosophy into Jewish doctrine. While he admired much of Maimonides’ scholarship, Crescas believed that Maimonides was responsible for influencing other Jewish thinkers who were too enamored of Aristotle at the expense of Jewish teachings.

The character of Hasdai Crescas in LCDM is probably a reference of the historical one, they have in common the name, that they lived in 14th century Barcelona and they're somehow related with trading.

But the fictional Hasdai is shown mainly being a trader, and was born years before the historical Hasdai was born and died before.

The son of historical Hasdai dies in the progroms in 1391, but Jucef and Raquel are saved by Arnau during the first attacks to the Jewish quarter around 1348, and Jucef decides to convert into Christianism around 1391 after the progrom. Hasdai is the one who is executed around 1367, and his kids Raquel and Jucef are the ones who live longer.

And Jucef even grew up and it's probably the only character introduced in La Catedral del mar who is alive by the end of Los Herederos de la tierra (Bernat died in the last episode, and Jucef seemed to be healthy in the last scene he appeared)