#montgomery improvement association
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whitesinhistory · 4 months ago
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On the night of August 25, 1956, several sticks of dynamite were thrown into the yard of Pastor Robert Graetz’s home in Montgomery, Alabama. The dynamite exploded, breaking the home's front windows and damaging the front door.
Pastor Graetz, a young white minister serving the city’s primarily African American Trinity Lutheran Church, was also a member of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA). The MIA was the community group that had planned and guided the city’s bus boycott, waged to protest racially discriminatory treatment toward Black bus riders. Pastor Graetz had been an outspoken supporter of the ongoing bus boycott since it began on December 5, 1955, and was known to regularly provide transportation to boycott participants traveling to and from work.
At the time of the explosion, Pastor Graetz was attending an integration workshop in Tennessee. Fortunately, his wife and children were not at home and no one was injured in the blast. Earlier that year, in January, the Montgomery homes of local minister Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and E.D. Nixon, former president of the local NAACP, had also been bombed. Both men were active boycott leaders.
After the bombing of Pastor Graetz's home, Montgomery Mayor W. A. Gayle made baseless allegations that it was "an inside job" and “just a publicity stunt to build up interest of the Negroes in their campaign." No one was ever arrested, charged, or convicted for the attack.
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keyamsha · 10 months ago
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Malcolm, Marcus, Marley and Martin: A look at connections between four icons of Keyamsha, the Awakening
Malcolm X…Marcus Garvey…Bob Marley…Martin Luther King, Jr. Those four names are synonymous with Keyamsha, the Awakening. Interestingly, their names all have the letter “M.” In this post we look at several facts that connect these men. What led to such connections? Coincidence? Synchronicity? Fate? Destiny? Something we can not begin to comprehend? All of the above? We start with the first and…
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If Yves is willing to just be a friend (and a monster in law by extension) what opinion would he has on your others oc
Part 1/???
part 2
Tw: yves being really condescending and subtly bringing down monty, catty Yves
He thinks Montgomery incapable of taking care of you, Yves is coming over every other day to do the chores and meal prep. He would also prepare containers of healthy, nutritious food for Montgomery, but obviously, your husband is suspicious of it and refuses to eat. Monty wouldn't let you eat it either, fearing that Yves might have poisoned it. In actuality, he didn't. He's just acting nice to stress Montgomery and make him look like a crazy, jealous guy to you.
Yves would have some private talks with him, always about better ways to take care of you. Berating Montgomery for being neglectful for not being two minutes away from you at any given time, unobservant for not knowing how many times you blink in a minute when you're relaxed versus when you're tensed, inept for not doing the house chores good enough to meet Yves's insane standards.
Not to say all Yves does is bash Montgomery. He would praise him if he improved in some aspects (eg., noticing how many times you used the bathroom in a day, Yves would quiz him on that.), albeit condescending or backhanded. But Yves appreciates genuine effort being put into ensuring you're taken care of.
However, after that, he would go on to say that Montgomery could really use some moisturizer on his face and especially hands. Despite having nasty scars himself, Yves would insinuate Montgomery's facial scars are so hideous, that he should consider cosmetic surgery. He offered to pay for it because a friend of his darling, is a "friend" of Yves.
You better hope Montgomery wouldn't explode for his sake, Yves would try to paint him as an unreasonable and mentally unstable man that you shouldn't be associating with (if you're still not that deep in love with him), or should be drugged to be kept pliant (if your love for Montgomery is unwavering).
Yves is extremely shady, he watches your every move and now, Montgomery's every move. He does as much research on your husband as he does on you, just so he could effectively predict him all the time and take the spotlight.
Montgomery is going to buy you a bouquet of roses and a box of chocolates on Valentine's day. So Yves decided that 14th of February is the perfect day to invite you and him over to his house, for Yves's birthday dinner. You will be gifted an exquisite gift hamper with all your favourite things and favourite brands, including roses and chocolates.
Montgomery wanted to surprise you with your favourite drink after work. He made the effort to queue up, pay for a ridiculously overpriced beverage and drive back home without spilling it in his cup holder, only to find out Yves has taken you out to that same shop to give you your fix.
Montgomery saved up enough to buy you that brand new phone. Only to come home empty handed because it was sold out everywhere. Yves conveniently managed to snag the last two units for you and Montgomery. The latter knew that rich bastard must have pre-ordered it.
Your husband made the right call opting to use his older phone instead, or else Yves would have gotten access to all his chat logs, call records and any other digital information on Montgomery. Well, it's not like Yves needed him to use the tampered phone anyways, he already has his means to find all of that out.
Montgomery made a reservation at a fancy restaurant for a date night? Aw, how sweet of him. Such a shame that the system mysteriously lost his records and it's now fully booked out. Your husband was about to get physical with the server for telling him that he didn't make that call, when in fact he did.
Surprise, surprise. Yves showed up to calm the situation down.
Yves coincidentally made a reservation for three so he could meet his associates due to work related reasons. Sadly, something came up for both of them, they couldn't make it. You and Montgomery wouldn't want that reservation to go to waste, would you? You've been dying to try the food at this place.
Montgomery would shoot him a nasty look while Yves would only smile at him ominously.
Your husband tried giving you allowance? It pales in comparison to Yves's monthly $10k deposits into your bank account. You're the breadwinner in this relationship and the cash isn't even from your job.
But he isn't a menace to Montgomery all the time. Yves does throw a bone for him occasionally.
Perhaps he's feeling extra insecure and down about himself for being this imperfect, ugly nobody compared to Yves. There is no use trying to hide his inferiority to Yves, he can smell the fragility in him.
So he would state nothing but facts. You chose Montgomery over Yves. That definitely says something about his immense worth to you despite not being notable compared to the dark haired male. If you really thought very little about Montgomery, you would already be calling Yves your husband instead.
Of course, this would give him an ego boost. Feeling proud that he still won, since you're his partner.
Yves wouldn't allow him to be too cocky, though. So he brought Montgomery back down to earth by telling him he should do something about his body odor.
Maybe he's getting bullied in his workplace, a country bumpkin with no friends nor family aside from you in the city would paint a massive target on his back.
Yves would pull some strings to stop the demeaning comments and pranks happening to Montgomery. Hell, he might even get a raise out of the blue. He would now work in peace and be a lot more chipper before heading to the construction site.
Sometimes, he would be too caught up with work to remember your anniversary. Montgomery would have nothing planned and he would panic, spiraling out of control. He fully planned to get on his knees and beg for your forgiveness, but he would be met with your happy face instead. You would thank Montgomery for the lovely gift he allegedly prepared for you.
He would hold you in his arms, confused. When did he get you a luxury watch? He hasn't saved up enough yet to get anything close to this, but it is something Montgomery would have gotten you. Did the dust and toxic fumes from working on the field all day finally condemned his brain?
Only when he took a look at his text messages did he understand.
A text from Yves reads:
"Your smartphone has a feature that reminds you of important dates. Use it."
Montgomery would be grateful, even contemplating paying Yves back. But he decided to keep the money because his monster-in-law became ten times more insufferable than usual, rubbing it in Montgomery's face that he, a third person not (legally) included in the marriage, remembered the anniversary date.
Your husband could be having a stomach ache one day and thought nothing of it. Since it came as quickly as it left, it must be insignificant, so he didn't do anything nor did he tell you.
You could only imagine the surprise when Yves, two days later, marched up to him while he was on his break, and demanded that he head to the hospital. Of course, Montgomery would refuse and think Yves was up to something.
But Yves immediately shuts him up by showing him results of Montgomery's blood and stool sample. He had a viral infection that could have been devastating to his life if it wasn't treated promptly.
He was stunned, frozen on the spot, wracking his brain for how Yves could have possibly obtained these samples when Montgomery wasn't even remotely close to a medical center. The long haired male seized the chance to lead your husband into his car, zooming straight to the emergency department.
As expected, Montgomery would freak out in the car upon realizing what the report implies, he knows Yves is stalking you and him, but he didn't know it was to this extent. How, when, why and where did he snatch a vial of his blood and faeces? The results showed that the samples were taken on the same day he felt that strange pain in his abdomen.
Your "best friend" is fucking insane!
Before Montgomery could strangle Yves out of impulse, he stabbed a syringe filled with a strong sedative onto his neck, knocking him out immediately. It's amazing how he could do that while driving flawlessly.
Montgomery would wake up to see you by his side, holding his hand with a worried look. He smiles and beckons you closer for a kiss. He felt relief from having you here, in the cold and clinical setting of his hospital room.
But that bliss was instantly washed away when Yves walked into the room with a clipboard and his hair tied up with a stethoscope around his neck.
The heart monitor immediately began beeping frantically as Montgomery hyperventilates at the sight of that psychopath pretending to be his doctor.
But Yves is his doctor, you assured him that your good friend is the best one there is. He seems to always know what is happening and Yves has treated you back to health many times.
Montgomery tried to rip out the wires and the IV drip connecting to his cannula, but Yves just sternly called his name. He gave the man a look of warning, which intimidated Montgomery enough to settle down.
Yves explained everything to you, exaggerating his symptoms and telling a lie: Montgomery didn't want to worry you, so he sought medical help in secret. Yves happened to hear about this and decided to take over.
You didn't question the ethics or legality of his story. You would want your beloved husband to be taken care of by someone you wholeheartedly trust.
You hugged Yves out of gratitude. He smiled and savoured what little physical contact he gets with you.
Montgomery was silent the entire time as Yves's discrete, bruising, claw-like grip on his shin sent a loud message that he should play along if he wanted to live.
You then watched Yves listen for any other unusual activity in Montgomery's abdomen using a stethoscope. Your husband is clearly uncomfortable, due to the freezing metal touching his bare skin and his arch nemesis is invading his... everything at this point.
Finding the process boring, you told the men that you will be grabbing something from the vending machine for the three of you.
Yves told you Montgomery's current food restrictions before letting you go. He thanks you for thinking about him too.
Your husband didn't want to be alone with this... demon, he tried grabbing you by the arm. But Yves only dug his nails deeper into his flesh, making him wince in pain.
Once you leave the room, the area suddenly feels so cold. So eerie.
Yves dropped his warm smile and stared at Montgomery blankly.
"W-what the fuck are you?!" Montgomery felt genuine fear rattling his bones.
Yves sat on the freshly unoccupied chair. He crossed his legs and set the clipboard on his lap.
"You stole my beloved away from me." He narrowed his eyes at Montgomery. "But..."
The dark haired man sighed in defeat. "You make them happy."
Your husband cautiously watched him, noticing that Yves's lower eyelid twitched a few times.
"I appreciate the effort you put into loving them. It is a very respectable trait among... your other ones."
There was a beat of silence before Montgomery opened his mouth to speak, only to be interrupted by Yves again.
"I care about you, Yeller." Yves's emerald eyes stared straight into Montgomery's brown ones, but there wasn't a hint of fondness directed towards him.
"...and I have my ways of ensuring their safety and yours." He stood up, now towering over him and casting a menacing shadow over Montgomery's vulnerable self.
"Not everyone agrees with my methods. Certainly not you, certainly not (name)."
Montgomery watched him with eyes wide as saucers.
"I trust that you understand not to say a word to them about it." His words were laced with a potent poison, it sent the worst shivers down Montgomery's spine.
"You're fuckin' crazy!" Exclaimed your husband. Yves didn't appreciate the comment as he brought his manicured fingers to the IV tubing, making sure that his rival felt the threat.
"I know what hurts you, Yeller. Don't test my patience."
He could tell that Yves was using those words as a euphemism for death.
Montgomery sealed his lips and Yves's hand returned to his side.
The two men watched each other like hawks, neither of them moving a muscle. One is definitely much more anxious than the other.
In the end, Yves took a deep breath and exhaled forcefully, pinching the bridge of his nose.
"You stupid boy. If it wasn't for your excessive drinking..." Yves trailed off, seemingly complaining to no one in particular. Montgomery doesn't know if he is having a headache over his infection or the fact that he's married to you.
"They could have chosen a better man, at least someone who takes care of himself, is in a prestigious line of work and has some common sense. But... they chose you." He crossed his arms and glared at Montgomery.
"Congratulations." Yves continued bitterly. "They chose you, and you are nothing like me." He spat harshly, turning his back to Montgomery, and sighing frustratedly before burying his face in a hand.
"You are nothing like me..." He repeated softly, his voice was wavering and cracked. A strong sense of melancholy could be felt in the air.
Montgomery turned his attention to the door, wondering what is taking you so long. He fears that Yves would eventually kill him and make it seem like he died due to natural causes.
Yves wiped a stray tear away before turning around to face Montgomery again.
"You are such a disgrace." He whispered. "Yet, they still chose you."
Montgomery opened his mouth to say something, but was again, interrupted by your arrival.
Like a switch being flipped, Yves donned a charming, motherly smile as you offered him a salad bowl you got from the vending machine. He now exudes a caring and inviting vibe that was a complete 180⁰ from what your husband witnessed.
"Why, thank you, my dear." Yves would give you a totally platonic peck on the head.
You froze and looked at Montgomery. He would usually lose his temper over touches like these, you wouldn't want him to start a fight with his doctor.
But instead,
"Thanks, sweetheart." He took the fresh apple meant for him, out of your hands. Montgomery kissed you on the cheek before smoothing your hair with a large hand. He appeared not to care about what Yves did, which made you release a breath of relief. Perhaps they talked their feelings out and built some trust between each other?
Yves excused himself, saying he has somewhere to be. He opened his arms, wanting a hug from you. You gladly comply seeing Montgomery nodded in agreement.
He held you tight for a few seconds before reluctantly letting you go. Yves bid you and Montgomery goodbye before leaving the room.
You didn't catch the scowl directed towards the short haired man.
You climbed onto his hospital bed and snuggled under your husband's arm, resting your head on his chest.
Montgomery pressed a couple of kisses onto the crown of it while absentmindedly rubbing your back up and down.
There are a lot of things for him to process today. He's just glad that you're here to ease the pain
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mochimoone · 28 days ago
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haiiiiii mochi here!!!!
welcome to my blog, this is my silly little disclaimer and introduction post for getting to know me and getting a vibe on what I enjoy and am about!!! I hope we can get along and be friends :3c
I like to create, consume, and post OC and also Fan Content! This includes OCs created for different forms of media, and also my own independent characters and creations. I have a few projects in the works that I would love to have company along for the ride for - please always feel free to ask me about them. <3
Gentle disclaimer that I am a legal adult who uses he/they and am formally diagnosed with autism/adhd. I also work full time. I am a bit bad when it comes to reading tone, and I do not do well to keep up with things like trends and dramas. Likewise, I occasionally consume mature material, though I will not post that sort of thing here - my blog is safe for anyone who may stumble onto it :D Please feel free to inform me if you feel like I may be involved with some things or people! There is a very high likelihood that I am out of the loop with any associated controversies - mostly I just engage with things I find interesting or unique, but I do try to be mindful and am always happy to be RESPECTFULLY informed <3 tysm ily in advance ^^
please feel free tokeep reading for any additional disclaimers - or continue to keep reading in general for my silly interests lists :3c <3
My interests and knowledge come with varying degrees of involvement and consumption and are in no particular order. Feel free to ask me about any of these things, if they are on these lists I either enjoy them or find them interesting to a considerable degree. To either extent, I would be open to vibe or talk about them ^^ especially chainsaw man if you have read the newest chapter please come bother me Bear in mind that I do not always condone the actions, themes or morals of creators and would not choose to support someone who were in any form immoral or corrupt without evidence of improvement, remorse, or rectification of any wrongdoing - or otherwise condoning or romanticizing such morals or actions. There are things that cannot be forgiven and I act with that in mind, but I also prefer to consume my media separately from my associated company - anyone is welcome to ask me for further information on this policy or on my stance on any such creator or individual in the form of an ask, dm, or otherwise. Please be mindful that I do not always do research into every creator of media I consume - I do not have a lot of time outside of work nor do I consume new media very often - but likewise I will do my best NOT TO support such figures when I am aware of these issues or once they are brought to my attention.
my memory is bad i may add more things later rip
Thank you for your understanding. <3 Further disclaimers and information lay below the lists, you don't have to read through them but feel free to peruse. :3c
Music
- I DON'T KNOW HOW BUT THEY FOUND ME - Panic! At The Disco - Mother Mother - Demi the Daredevil - Jhariah - Mothica - Cavetown - Ricky Montgomery - Joe P - Will Stetson - The Vanished People - mxmtoon - Naethan Apollo - Will Wood - Sabrina Carpenter - Beach Bunny - Charlie XCX - Billie Eillish - Jann - Poppy - Stellar - Pierce The Veil - Rio Romeo - Elliot Lee - Mindless Self Indulgence - girli - Sir Chloe - Caleb Hyles - OR30 - Chappel Roan - Fallout Boy - Negative 25 - Isaac Dunbar - Weathers - Sub Urban - Vocaloid - Vane Lily
Animation / Media / Games
- Chainsaw Man - Dungeons & Dragons - Dungeon Meshi - Mob Psycho 100 - Devilman - One Punch Man - Final Fantasy VII - Jujutsu Kaisen - The Devil is a Part-Timer - Crypt of the Necrodancer - Frieren - Bungo Stray Dogs - Ib - Mad Father - Puella Magi Madoka Magica - Cucumber Quest - Cookie Run Kingdom - Twisted Wonderland - Five Nights at Freddy's - Poppy's Playtime - Future Diary - Yume Nikki - Parasite - Demon Slayer - Gravity Falls - Death Note - Our Flag Means Death - Black Butler - Goblin Slayer - Persona 5 - My Hero Academia - Steven Universe - Skullgirls - Genshin Impact - Dislyte - Great God Grove - Randal's Friends - Undertale - My Little Pony - Spiderman - Deadpool - Batman / Rogues Gallery - Dead by Daylight - Cult of the Lamb - Webfishing - Banana Fish - Erased (Anime) - Dead Plate - Arcane - Panty & Stocking - Servamp - Scott Pilgrim - Mistricked - Wings of Fire - Percy Jackson - Heroes of Olympus - Lackadaisy - Amazing Digital Circus - Bigtop Burger - Megaman - Fausts Alphtraum - Baby Driver (Movie) - Rise of the Shield Hero - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles - Cyberpunk Edgerunners
... anyway,
I am also an artist open to art comms and trades. Feel free to scroll thru my blog or reach out if you may be interested to see my portfolio! Prices are currently negotiable but I do not plan to push my comms here very much if at all, but money is hard sometimes as someone who has rent and food and utilities so any support helps for anyone who may be interested, but there is no pressure whatsoever, prommy. <3 All of my works will be tagged either by character name, as being my art, or in general. Feel free to ask about them or for any reference material! I love to yap about my silly things :'3 I just want to focus on vibing and making friends, so please if you would be interested to talk know that I would be happy to hear from you, even if we may not have spoken yet. Though I do work full time, so my replies may come at varying speeds - I leave them unread until I am able to get to them, and if they are on an important matter I tend to wait until I have the mental energy to put in the amount of attention I think is most befitting such a matter. Feel free to reach out if you are at all worried about my reply speed or otherwise and I can happily provide context! :3
I do not have very many triggers, but I do generally steer clear from things that are heavily political or related to wartimes. I have clinical anxiety and it has a tendency to mess with my baseline anxiety levels on a day to day basis. I do my best to be mindful and contribute how I can! I stand with Palestine and do my best to help in the ways I am able to.
Yayayayayayyyy thank you so much for reading this all the way through!!!!! You're da best fr for making it this far :3c If you have any further questions about me, my stances, my interests, or about any of my characters or projects, my dms are open and I am excited to potentially receive you!!!
I look forward to our potential future interactions and friendships!!! <3
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if you have read beneath the cat and we are mutuals, feel free to ask for my discord information, as that tends to be where I am most active. :3c or even if we aren't mutuals just pls be mindful it is a bit private so I have no guarantee of giving it out, okay thanks byyeeee
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the-moral-of-the-rose · 10 months ago
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Yesterday Road, Today Road, Tomorrow Road...
Perhaps it's just another manifestation of my overthinking, but it seems to me that the three paths in Long John's Bush might have been written as a metaphor for Emily's life. Each path seemed to be somehow linked to a person who was important to Emily.
The paths were named by Emily and her friends, because: "The To-day Road is by the brook and we call it that because it is lovely now. The Yesterday Road is out in the stumps where Lofty John cut some trees down and we call it that because it used to be lovely. The To-morrow Road is just a tiny path in the maple clearing and we call it that because it is going to be lovely some day, when the maples grow bigger." (Emily of New Moon).
TO-MORROW'S ROAD (EMILY'S AMBITIONS AND DREAMS. TEDDY KENT):
The metaphor of Tomorrow Road was most clearly outlined. On the one hand, of course, it symbolized Emily's passion for writing and her ascent to the Alpine Path of glory and fame. As for the character with whom Tomorrow Road was most closely associated, it was Teddy Kent.
First of all, To-morrow Road never changed its name, even though by the time Emily reached her early teenage years, the maples grew big. In Emily Climbs, Tomorrow Road became the place of Teddy and Emily's meetings, where they shared their dreams and hopes for the future: "Then Teddy came for me and we walked together up the field and through the To-morrow Road. It is really a To-day Road now, for the trees along it are above our heads, but we still call it the To-morrow Road—partly out of habit and partly because we talk so much on it of our to-morrows and what we hope to do in them. Somehow, Teddy is the only person I like to talk to about my to-morrows and my ambitions. There is no one else." (Emily Climbs).
To-morrow Road was a place that marked the milestones for both Teddy and Emily (Teddy especially). Here he told Emily that his mother decided to allow him to attend Shrewsbury High School; here he told her that he had received an art scholarship and was going to the college in Montreal. Here he proposed. Here she was waiting for him with Dean's letter.
It seemed to me that Teddy and Emily's relationship was all about the future. Thorough Emily Climbs they seemed to think that they couldn't be each other's "today", because they both had their own separate dreams ("to-morrows") to conquer before they would be free to set on their rainbow quest together. (Side note: Montgomery skillfully mentioned that To-morrow Road was in fact - already To-day Road).
By the end of Emily Climbs, as their romance started to blossom, Emily's initial reaction was fear. Early on, she realised that she served a jealous goddess. We didn't get a glimpse into Teddy's feelings, but it was obvious from the start how ambitious and passionate he had been for his art. Perhaps it was something more than just a fear of Emily's refusal that drove him to silence when he had meant to ask her to wait for him? The scene itself happened on To-morrow Road (another symbol that it wasn't their time yet, perhaps?). During this scene, they both experienced a clash of two extremely strong passions: on the one hand, the desire to improve their art and fulfill their ambitions and dreams, and on the other - an awakening love. Teddy, before leaving for Montreal told Emily that there were two things in life that he had wanted "tremendously", but never told her that having her as his wife was one of these things.
I wonder if Juliet and Douglas Starr's tragic story might have forced Teddy's silence. Douglas Starr had once been young and ambitious too, but wouldn't have been accepted by Murrays because of his poverty. The result of this love was tragic; Juliet's elopement broke her family's heart and both she and Douglas died early, leaving Emily all alone. Perhaps Teddy felt that he might have been tolerated as Emily's friend, but not as her suitor. Since he seemed to doubt in his own success (especially since his chosen profession rarely resulted in a fortune), he might have been more likely to keep silent.
One quote of this scene between Teddy and Emily has always intrigued me:
"We walked along the To-morrow Road—[...]—until we reached the fence of the pond-pasture and stood there under the grey-green gloom of the firs. I felt suddenly very happy and in those few minutes part of me planted a garden and laid out beautiful closets and bought a dozen solid silver teaspoons and arranged my attic and hemstitched a double damask table-cloth—and the other part of me just waited." (Emily Climbs).
Because... was it possible that she had seen herself from the future? This was the exact spot where Teddy reconciled with Emily by the end of Emily's Quest. Where he had finally confessed his love [1]. But, most importantly, this was also a spot of the very last scene of the trilogy: Emily, waiting for Teddy to tell him that Dean had gave them a Disappointed House as a wedding gift [2]. There was a certain symbolism in Teddy coming to her - the exact opposite of To-morrow Road's scene that took place in Emily's Climbs, where it was Emily who went away, leaving him alone: "Teddy was looking at the dim gold of Blair Water and scowling. Again I had a feeling that night air was not good for me. I shivered, said a few polite commonplaces, and left him there scowling." (Emily Climbs).
In a way, their story came into full circle. They both achieved success and overcame their own biggest faults (pride, insecurities, selfishness, vanity). Unlike their seventeen year old selves, they got to know what loneliness meant - they found out that their ambitions were not enough to fulfill their heart's desires.
By the end of trilogy, Emily and Teddy still had their own "Alpine Paths" to climb, but from this time, they would have each other's help and support. They also had the dreams of future they share: of home, fireplace, toast and bacon and marmalade.
YESTERDAY ROAD. THE PAST AND FAMILY TRADITIONS. LOST DREAMS. JULIET MURRAY, DOUGLAS STARR, DEAN PRIEST.
Yesterday Road symbolized the past, for it used to be lovely once. Perhaps it might have been a place where Douglas and Juliet used to meet (their own "To-day Road"). For each member of the Murray family, Yesterday Road might have had a different meaning. For Elizabeth, it could have symbolized either her youth, either a period when Juliet was a child; for Laura - her former love for Dr. Burnley; for Jimmy - his lost potential; for Juliet - her childhood, family, first love.
For Emily, Yesterday Road symbolized family traditions (the chapter in which Cousin Jimmy told her family stories was titled "The Book Of Yesterday") as well as her parents' love story. All that shaped her as a woman and a writer, but also nearly became an obstacle to fulfilling her dreams. Due to Juliet's elopement, Aunt Elizabeth almost kept Emily from receiving an education. The whole family tried to marry Emily off to cousin Andrew, so that Juliet's story wouldn't repeat itself. During Emily's later years, Yesterday Road might have symbolized Emily's lost hopes and dreams.
The person who directly referred to Yesterday Road was Dean Priest: "I shall carry pictures of you wherever I go, Star," Dean was saying [...] "pacing up and down in this old garden—wandering in the Yesterday Road—looking out to sea." (Emily's Quest).
In the second part of the trilogy, Dean Priest directly admitted that he was aware that Emily's future would not be his future: 'I hate to hear of your to-morrows—they cannot be my tomorrows.' (Emily Climbs).
During the year that he and Emily had been engaged, Emily rarely thought about the future, and felt anxious about it: "Always to be afraid of to-morrow? Content—even happy with to-day—but always afraid of tomorrow. Was this to be her life? And why��that fear of to-morrow?" (Emily's Quest). In the rare moments that Emily thought of her future, she saw Teddy, instead of Dean in those visions. "She saw herself there in the future—flitting through the little rooms—laughing under the firs—sitting hand in hand with Teddy at the fireplace—Emily came to herself with a shock. With Dean, of course, with Dean. A mere trick of the memory." (Emily's Quest).
Perhaps Emily didn't understand what Dean subconsciously realized: that he would never be able to fulfill Emily's future: "to let myself dream something that couldn't come true—that I knew ought not to come true—" (Emily's Quest). During the year they spent together, he allowed himself to dream, but was left with nothing more than memories and ashes. And so, for Dean a Yesterday Road symbolized the one golden year of his engagement; the only glimpse into real happiness he had ever had. Emily became his yesterday. It is interesting how he worded his letter, containing his wedding gift: "And some day I will come to see you in it. I claim my old corner in your house of friendship now and then." (Emily's Quest). Again, he doesn't refer to her future, but her past ("my old corner").
TODAY'S ROAD: CHILDHOOD. FRIENDSHIP. ILSE BURNLEY.
Today's Road symbolized Emily's happy childhood and her friendships. It is the one path that never seems to be stained with bitterness or regrets. As for a character that simply screams "TODAY" - it is obviously Ilse Burnley, who never seemed to care about the past or think of the future:
"As far as Ilse was concerned it seemed as if no quarrel had ever taken place. “Why, that was yesterday,” she said in amazement, when Emily, rather distantly, referred to it. Yesterday and to-day were two entirely different things in Ilse’s philosophy." (Emily of New Moon).
"Ilse was growing, too, blossoming out into strange beauty and brilliance, knowing no law but her own pleasure, recognizing no authority but her own whim." (Emily of New Moon).
"Ilse had always been a merry, irresponsible creature." (Emily's Quest). "All her life she had done exactly as she wanted to do whenever the whim took her. No sense of responsibility whatever." (Emily's Quest).
Besides, Ilse seemed to be the contant "today" of Emily's childhood and youth. She couldn't be Emily's "to-morrow", though, for both girls would have to carve their own separate futures, build their own homes in which the other one would be a cherished guest: "we'll visit each other, you and I—and compare our children—call your first girl Ilse, won't you, friend of my heart—" (Emily's Quest). Emily didn't seem to mind visiting the house Ilse was going to build with her imaginary husband; but she did mind being a guest at Teddy's house, few years later when Ilse repeats her invitation: "When Teddy and I come back and set up house in Montreal you must spend every winter with us, darling. New Moon is a dear place in summer, but in winter you must be absolutely buried alive." Emily made no promises. She did not see herself as a guest in Teddy's home." (Emily's Quest).
That's perhaps the difference: Ilse would be a vital part of Emily's future and vice versa, but it would be their husbands who'd be a part of their to-morrows. Even when Ilse got married to Perry and the three friends reunited, Emily's life wasn't complete. Perhaps it couldn't be, because Ilse - dear as she was - couldn't fill a certain longing in Emily's heart and soul - the voice that needed Teddy's love and presence.
Headcanons for the Long John's paths:
Juliet and Douglas used to walk through Yesterday Road. He asked her to marry him there. Before she eloped, Juliet had a good cry there. She was thinking of her half-sibling and her father - she loved them fiercely, despite everything.
Teddy and Emily said their wedding vows in Long John's Bush, under the firs where they used to meet and where they reunited. (Both Aunts were absolutely mortified by this idea). Or, if it wasn't an official ceremony, at least they had repeated the vows there. (Let's be real, Emily would definitely repeat her vows after the ceremony, changing "Frederick" into "Teddy").
The future generations liked playing on To-day Road.
The names of the paths were never changed, even if the paths themselves did.
The children of four friends invented their own names for the paths, though.
The quotes [1]-[3]:
[1] "Suddenly I heard Teddy's signal whistle in the old orchard. [...] We walked along the To-morrow Road—it has grown so beautiful that one wonders if any to-morrow can make it more beautiful—until we reached the fence of the pond-pasture and stood there under the grey-green gloom of the firs. [...] I'm going to work hard—I'm going to get everything possible out of those two years,' Teddy said at last,[...] '"And when I come back—' he repeated—stopped again. "'Yes?' I said. I don't deny to this my journal that I said it a trifle expectantly. "'I'll make the name of Frederick Kent mean something in Canada!' said Teddy." (Emily Climbs).
[2] "It came clearly and suddenly on the air of a June evening. An old, old call—two higher notes and one long and soft and low. [...] It came again. And Emily knew that Teddy was there, waiting for her in Lofty John's bush—calling to her across the years. She went down slowly—out—across the garden. Of course Teddy was there—under the firs. [..] He put out his hands and drew her to him, with no conventional greeting." (Emily's Quest).
[3] "How very—dear—of Dean. And I am so glad—he is not hurt any longer." She was standing where the To-morrow Road opened out on the Blair Water valley. Behind her she heard Teddy's eager footsteps coming to her." (Emily's Quest).
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kemetic-dreams · 1 year ago
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Jo Ann Gibson Robinson ,unsung activist (April 17, 1912 – August 29, 1992) was a civil rights activist and educator in Montgomery, Alabama.Known for initiating the 1955 bus boycott in Montgomery, AL, USA
Born near Culloden, Georgia, she was the youngest of twelve children. She attended Fort Valley State College and then became a public school teacher in Macon, where she was married to Wilbur Robinson for a short time. Five years later, she went to Atlanta, where she earned an M.A. in English at Atlanta University. After teaching in Texas she then accepted a position at Alabama State College in Montgomery. It was there she joined the Women's Political Council, which Mary Fair Burks had founded three years earlier. In 1949, Robinson was verbally attacked by a bus driver for sitting in the front "Whites only" section of the bus. Her response to the incident was to attempt to start a protest boycott. But, when she approached her fellow members of the Woman’s Political Council with her story and proposal, she was told that it was “a fact of life in Montgomery.” In late 1950, she succeeded Burks as president of the WPC and helped focus the group's efforts on bus abuses. Robinson was an outspoken critic of the treatment of African-Americans on public transportation. She was also active in the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church.
The Women's Political Council had made complaints about the bus seating to the Montgomery City Commission and about abusive drivers, and achieved some concessions, including an undertaking that drivers would be courteous and having buses stopping at every corner in black neighborhoods, as they did in European areas. After Brown vs. Board of Education, Robinson had informed the mayor of the city that a boycott would come and then after Rosa Parks arrest, they seized the moment to plan the boycott of the buses in Montgomery.
On Thursday, December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to move from her seat in the African area of the bus she was travelling on to make way for a white passenger who was standing. Mrs. Parks, a civil rights organizer, had intended to instigate a reaction from white citizens and authorities. That night, with Mrs. Parks permission, Mrs. Robinson stayed up mimeographing 52,500 handbills calling for a boycott of the Montgomery bus system. The boycott was initially planned to be for just the following Monday. She passed out the leaflets at a Friday afternoon meeting of AME Zionist clergy among other places and Reverend L. Roy Bennett requested other ministers attend a meeting that Friday night and to urge their congregations to take part in the boycott. Robinson, Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, two of her senior students and other Women's Council members then passed out the handbills to high school students leaving school that afternoon. After the success of the one-day boycott, African citizens decided to continue the boycott and established the Montgomery Improvement Association to focus their efforts. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. was elected president. Jo Ann Robinson became a member of this group. She had denied an official position to the Montgomery Improvement Association because of her teaching position at Alabama State. She served on its executive board and edited their newsletter. In order to protect her position at Alabama State College and to protect her colleagues, Robinson purposely stayed out of the limelight even though she worked diligently with the MIA. Robinson and other WPC members also helped sustain the boycott by providing transportation for boy-cotters.
Robinson was the target of several acts of intimidation. In February 1956, a local police officer threw a stone through the window of her house. Then two weeks later, another police officer poured acid on her car. Then the governor of Alabama ordered the state police to guard the houses of the boycott leaders. The boycott lasted over a year because the bus company would not give in to the demands of the protesters. After a student sit-in in early 1960, Robinson and other teachers that had supported the students, resigned their positions at Alabama State College. Robinson left Alabama State College and moved out of Montgomery that year. She taught at Grambling College in Louisiana for one year and then moved to Los Angeles and taught English in the public school system. In Los Angeles she continued to be active in local women's organizations. She taught in the LA schools until she retired from teaching in 1976. Jo Ann Robinson was also a part of the bus boycott and was strongly against discrimination.
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petervintonjr · 2 years ago
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“I was born and raised in the North, and I knew that there was discrimination… but I had never seen that type of hatred on the face of anyone before. It forced me to work harder, to come back and work harder. It forced me to take a good look at people that I knew and what was going on in my own community.”
Today we study the achievements of social justice giant Constance Mitchell, someone who truly understood the intrinsic connection between poverty and racial inequality, and infused that into her every action.
Born in 1928 New Rochelle, New York, little is known of the childhood or coming-of-age years of Constance (“Connie”) Mae Jenkins, but in 1950 she married Louisianan John Mitchell (part of the Great Migration) and moved to Rochester, New York –-the city for which she would forever be associated, despite her initial impression of a place where “people here didn't know how to smile and they weren't friendly at all.”  Her first foray into Rochester community activism was as a volunteer with the Delta Ressics, a group of Baden Street Black activists who pushed for better housing and living conditions for migrant farm workers living in shacks near Sodus.  She also fought against deplorable living conditions at the Hanover Houses, Rochester’s first low-income apartment complex.  
In 1959 at the urging of a fellow Delta Rassick, Walter Cooper, Mitchell ran for --and lost-- a race for a seat on what is now the Monroe County legislature (Ward 3, then known as the Monroe County Board of Supervisors).  However she made another run in 1961 and was this time successful, and was then re-elected in 1964: the first woman and the first African-American to be elected to that body --though not without enduring resentment, routine insults and slurs, and even threats from her fellow legislators.  From this position she and her husband came into regular contact with such figures as Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, among many other civil rights leaders of the time --even entertaining visits from Malcolm and then-Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.  In the wake of the violent 1964 racial unrest in Rochester, Connie expressed in an interview for Life magazine, “I'm not telling you, I told you so. I'm saying please listen to us."  These two terms were the full extent of Connie’s political career but her commitment to civil rights was just getting started: in 1965, she walked alongside Dr. King from Selma to Montgomery, but while this heroic act itself disillusioned her, at the same time it reinvigorated her determination to improves lives and conditions in her own community. 
Perhaps one of Mitchell's enduring achievements was the founding of Action for a Better Community, a Rochester-based nonprofit devoted to helping people in low-income areas become more self-sufficient and lift themselves out of poverty.  She also worked closely with the United Way and the Urban League of Rochester, and created the Urban League Black Scholars program.  In later years (1978 to 1989), she became the Program Director for an initiative called PRISM (Program for Rochester to Interest Students in Science and Mathematics).  In 1993 Rochester Mayor Bill Johnson, the first elected Black mayor of that city, credited Connie with inspiring him to get into politics; and in 2013 mayor Lovely Warren, the first Black woman to be elected to that position, similarly credited Connie as a role model. 
In February 2017, Mitchell was awarded the Frederick Douglass Medal for outstanding civic engagement by the University of Rochester.  She died the following year (2018); today the Monroe Country Office Building bears her name at the Constance Mitchell Concourse.
Read a truly absorbing transcript of a lengthy 2008 interview with Constance and John Mitchell at: https://rbscp.lib.rochester.edu/rbfs-CMitchell
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When seeking HVAC services, we invite you to choose India Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration. Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Services Based in Aurora, the company India Heating, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration provides heating, air conditioning, and commercial refrigeration services.
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lboogie1906 · 11 months ago
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Rev. Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was a civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was ordained in the Baptist tradition in 1948. As a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, he was a close friend and mentor of Martin Luther King Jr. He collaborated with King to create the Montgomery Improvement Association which led to the Montgomery bus boycott. He co-founded and was an executive board member of the SCLC. He became president of the SCLC following the assassination of King, where he led the Poor People’s Campaign in DC among other marches and demonstrations for disenfranchised Americans. He served as an advisory committee member of the CORE.
He addressed the UN about world peace. He assisted in brokering a deal between the FBI and Indian protestors during the Wounded Knee incident of 1973. He retired from his position as president of the SCLC in 1977 and became president emeritus. He unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives for the 5th district of GA. He founded the Foundation for Economic Enterprises Development, and he testified before Congress in support of extending the Voting Rights Act in 1982. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #kappaalphapsi
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johnson147r · 11 months ago
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wrenniemontgomery · 1 year ago
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“That was the year, my twenty-sixth, when I was discovering that not all of the promises would be kept, that some things are in fact irrevocable and that it had counted after all, every evasion and every procrastination, every mistake, every word, all of it.”
BIOGRAPHY | CONNECTIONS | MUSINGS | PINTEREST | SPOTIFY
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Name: Wren Charlotte Montgomery Faceclaim: Margaret Qualley Gender & Pronouns: Cis woman & she/her Sexuality: Bisexual Age: 26 Birthday: April 23, 1997 Zodiac: Taurus sun, Pisces moon, Capricorn rising Education: B.S. in Psychology, CU Boulder Occupation: Fiber Artist, Sales Associate at Frontier Foods Neighborhood: Downtown + compassionate, perceptive, steady - self-deprecating, stubborn, conflict-avoidant
BIOGRAPHY
In the ‘90s, Maggie Montgomery was the “it” girl at Providence Park High. As pretty as any of the girls on TV and surprisingly kind for a cheerleader, she had the whole world ahead of her. When she started running around with Donnie Roberts and his crowd of burnouts, her parents assumed it was a phase, just teenage rebellion. Still, her Mama prayed extra long every night and didn’t bother to hide her disdain for the boy. 
It turns out, she was right to be worried. Maggie’s parents took the news that she was pregnant better than expected– only minimal screaming and crying and pleading with God to bring back their perfect baby girl. The decision to interrupt Maggie’s senior year and send her to live with her older sister in Oregon came a few days later. Maggie knew better than to argue– they’d been gracious enough not to disown her, like they had Maude a few years prior. They were gracious.
Wren and Walden Montgomery were born April 23, 1997 and knew nothing but abundant love from their mother and aunt. Maude had never wanted kids, but she was taken by her niece and nephew immediately. Their life was as perfect as it could be, Maggie and Maude teaching the twins everything they knew– piano, guitar, cooking, camping, sewing, art and poetry. They hardly even noticed that their father wasn’t around. After all, what could they need him for? 
Everything changed when the twins were eleven. Wren woke up sick one day and stayed that way. After a week of home remedies with no improvement, the flu was ruled out. Wren’s fatigue was written off as childhood depression, chalked up to not having her dad around. The diagnosis stuck through a series of seemingly unrelated health events– dislocating her shoulder twice in eighth grade, dislocating a rib freshman year, continuing dizzy spells and days of fatigue so thick she couldn’t get out of bed. 
When she was sixteen, Wren had a seizure during an all-school assembly. Walden (who was, by then, going solely by his middle name– Cole) told her later that it was on dress code, and that she’d saved them all a slut-shamey lecture about short skirts. She had a broken arm and two dislocated ribs from the fall, and it was a few days later that Wren got a diagnosis that changed her life forever. It’s called Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, a connective tissue disorder; Symptoms include joint hypermobility and instability, chronic pain and fatigue, fainting spells and seizures. 
The diagnosis felt like a curse for a long time, a confirmation that Wren was not only different, but doomed to a lifetime of managing pain. On top of a primary care physician, Wren needed an orthopedist and a neurologist to manage the symptoms. It was defeating, even the way they talked about it– no hope of a cure, only hope that they could make her days more comfortable. The bills stacked up and even with Maude’s help, Maggie couldn’t keep up. The four of them moved back to Providence Peak then, when the twins were sixteen.
Living with the grandparents was wildly different. Both Maggie and Maude were different then, more polished versions of themselves– and it was a lot. Grandma doted over Wren, taking her to every appointment and hovering even on the good days. Grandpa was convinced it was something he could pray away, and Cole… Cole sort of thrived everywhere, in his sardonic, smartest-guy-in-class kind of way. But the extra support was nice, and not having to stretch to make ends meet definitely made everybody a little easier to be around.
Physically, Wren didn’t change much– she still spent spurts in bed unable to move and dislocated ribs and passed out in class, but it got easier to live with. She had Cole around to help, and after a few months, she had Lee, too. He was the polar opposite of anybody Wren would’ve seen herself spending time with– where she was quietly funny and booksmart, he was the popular golden boy. Where she was still learning to live in her body, he was in full control of his, a star athlete.
Lee became Wren’s first love. He was equally excited to take her to concerts and to hole up and watch ‘80s movies for days on end. He quite literally caught Wren when she fell and her family loved him. Thanks to Lee’s encouragement and Cole’s tutoring, Wren graduated on time, despite all of the class she missed. And, thanks to Lee, the family was comfortable letting Wren move out of the house to attend CU Boulder. They trusted that, if the three of them were together, the boys would take care of Wren.
She wasn’t fully independent, even in college, but it was nice to expand her support system. Her potluck roommates turned out to be lifelong friends, friends who were there when Wren bought her first cane at nineteen and friends who took her on a weeklong trip to Oregon when she and Lee broke up sophomore year. It turned out Lee was just as stifled by the small town as Wren was. He was gay, and on top of that he was in love with Cole. After the shock wore off, it didn’t even really feel like a loss. Lee was still around all the time, still Wren’s best friend, only now she didn’t have to wonder if she was a bad kisser. 
Wren declared a Psychology major at the end of sophomore year, and got an on-campus job in the writing center. It began to wear on her then– the uneven sidewalks and the always-broken-down elevator in the Psych wing and the strict attendance policy that didn’t take into account chronic pain. When a petition was passed around campus about adding a shuttle service for mobility-challenged students, Wren tracked down the source and got involved with the Disability Advocacy Student Coalition. DASC was a safe haven for her, and a godsend when she had to petition her professors for test make-ups or explain discrimination to her manager.
DASC opened her eyes to the beauty of her different body; She learned about Judith Heumann and James Lebrecht and met so many people experiencing the world in ways like she was. She learned to call herself disabled, and how to weave from another student with chronic pain. The small, repetitive movements did wonders to assuage pain in her fingers, and after a couple months of practice, Wren started making pieces good enough to sell. 
College was so formative, in fact, that Wren decided she wanted to go to graduate school in Community Development. Wren and another girl from DASC both got accepted to a program in Chicago. It was a big move, and further away from her family than Wren had ever been, but she was determined to make it work. The first semester was harder than she thought, but Wren pushed, sure she would make it through the year. When she had a seizure on the way home from class a week before final exams, Mom insisted she come home. Wren was so rattled and exhausted that she did. 
She’s taken smaller steps towards independence then, moving into an apartment with a roommate and now a studio by herself. If she had to live in Providence Peak, at least she had her own space. It wasn’t so bad, really– she missed school and her friends, but Wren was pretty good at seeing the silver lining. She finally had the time to make her fiber art again, and she’s amassed a decent enough following on Instagram and Etsy that it supplements the income she gets from Frontier. Wren isn’t sure that she’ll ever finish her Master’s, but she isn’t really sure about a lot at the moment. 
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blackhistorychatgpt · 2 years ago
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Great Figures
me: Can you give me 50 important Black historical figures that I can study with a short bio for each of them?
ChatGPT:
Certainly, here are 50 important Black historical figures along with a short bio for each:
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) - Civil rights leader who led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and advocated for nonviolent resistance to racism and segregation.
Harriet Tubman (c. 1822-1913) - Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and later became a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad, leading hundreds of enslaved people to freedom.
Barack Obama (1961-) - First Black president of the United States, serving from 2009 to 2017.
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) - Born into slavery, Douglass escaped and became a prominent abolitionist, writer, and speaker.
Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) - South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who became the country's first Black president.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005) - Civil rights activist who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Maya Angelou (1928-2014) - Poet, author, and civil rights activist who wrote the autobiographical book "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings."
W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) - Civil rights leader, historian, and sociologist who co-founded the NAACP and was the first Black person to earn a PhD from Harvard.
Malcolm X (1925-1965) - Civil rights activist and leader of the Nation of Islam, known for his advocacy of Black self-determination and his criticism of nonviolent resistance.
Sojourner Truth (c. 1797-1883) - Born into slavery, Truth became an abolitionist and women's rights activist, giving her famous "Ain't I a Woman?" speech in 1851.
Angela Davis (1944-) - Political activist and author who was involved in the Black Panther Party and later became a professor of philosophy.
Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) - Historian and author who founded Black History Month and dedicated his life to promoting the study of African American history.
Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993) - Civil rights lawyer who argued the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education before becoming the first Black Supreme Court justice.
Shirley Chisholm (1924-2005) - Political trailblazer who was the first Black woman elected to Congress and the first Black person to seek a major party's nomination for president.
James Baldwin (1924-1987) - Author and civil rights activist who wrote about the experiences of Black Americans in works such as "The Fire Next Time" and "Go Tell It on the Mountain."
Mae Jemison (1956-) - Astronaut who became the first Black woman in space in 1992.
Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) - Jamaican-born political leader and founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which advocated for Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism.
Ida B. Wells (1862-1931) - Journalist and civil rights activist who documented lynching and other forms of violence against Black people.
Medgar Evers (1925-1963) - Civil rights activist who worked to desegregate schools and public places in Mississippi before being assassinated by a white supremacist.
Huey P. Newton (1942-1989) - Co-founder of the Black Panther Party, which advocated for Black self-defense, community empowerment, and socialism.
Paul Robeson (1898
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keyamsha · 10 months ago
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Malcolm, Marcus, Marley and Martin: A look at connections between four icons of Keyamsha, the Awakening
Malcolm X…Marcus Garvey…Bob Marley…Martin Luther King, Jr. Those four names are synonymous with Keyamsha, the Awakening. Interestingly, their names all have the letter “M.” In this post we look at several facts that connect these men. What led to such connections? Coincidence? Synchronicity? Fate? Destiny? Something we can not begin to comprehend? All of the above? We start with the first and…
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merkiesworld · 2 years ago
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Although not as well-known as Rosa Parks or Martin Luther King, Jr., Jo Ann Robinson (1912-1992) was perhaps the individual most instrumental in planning and publicizing the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, proposing the idea more than a year before it was implemented. Robinson was also active in the Montgomery Improvement Association and the Women's Political Council and was an English professor at Alabama State College, which is now known as Alabama State University. #JoAnnRobinson #BHM #BlackHistoryMonth #BlackGirlMagic #BlackBoyJoy #Black365 #BlackExcellence #Black #BlackHistory #BlackHistory365 #BlackExcellence365 #Trailblazers #BecauseOfThemWeCan https://www.instagram.com/p/CoV88XVu1Oh/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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blockinsider · 3 months ago
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Vitalik Buterin Announces Exciting Ethereum Update, Prompting ETH Price Movement
Key Points
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin introduces “The Splurge” roadmap, aiming to enhance the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
The update could lead to improved EVM performance, optimized transaction fees, and advanced cryptography explorations.
Vitalik Buterin, one of the creators of the Ethereum network, has announced a new roadmap called “The Splurge”.
This announcement comes amid ongoing discussions about the underperformance of Ethereum. The new roadmap is designed to address these concerns, with a particular focus on improving the performance of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
Objectives and Implications of “The Splurge”
The primary focus of “The Splurge” is to enhance the Ethereum protocol to ensure its long-term viability. The roadmap outlines several key objectives, including optimizing the EVM, refining transaction fees, and exploring advanced cryptography.
Buterin has pointed out that the current EVM is challenging to analyze statically, making it difficult to develop highly effective implementations, validate code, and introduce new features. However, if it is supported by precompiles, the EVM could become more efficient, enabling the implementation of many modern cryptography techniques.
The first step towards addressing these challenges is the introduction of the EVM Object Format (EOF), a set of EIPs that define a new version of EVM code with unique characteristics. These characteristics include code separation, banning dynamic jumps for enhanced code safety, and introducing a new explicit subroutine mechanism.
After implementing the EOF, the team plans to introduce additional upgrades such as EVM Modular Arithmetic Extensions (EVM-MAX) and potential integration with Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) capabilities.
EVM-MAX introduces a new set of operations exclusively for modular arithmetic, facilitating the adoption of optimizations like Montgomery multiplication. SIMD, on the other hand, can accelerate many forms of cryptography, including hash functions, 32-bit STARKs, and lattice-based cryptography. Therefore, EVM-MAX and SIMD are considered performance-oriented additions to the EVM.
Currently, transaction verification primarily relies on ECDSA signatures, complicating key security management. The proposed EIP-7702 will include features beneficial to all users, particularly those using Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs). The Ethereum EOF is scheduled for inclusion in the next hard fork.
Potential Challenges and Trade-Offs
Buterin acknowledges that the introduction of EOF and account abstraction could bring new challenges associated with the complexity of the EVM and infrastructure. However, he believes these advancements will simplify higher-level programming and enhance the efficiency of other Layer 2 solutions.
Furthermore, EVM-MAX and SIMD could lower gas fees for many proof systems and improve overall performance. They could also reduce the burden of using precompiles by replacing them with EVM codes capable of performing the same operation.
The announcement of “The Splurge” follows the recent unveiling of Ethereum’s “Scourge” upgrade. These strategic enhancements aim to solidify Ethereum’s position as a leading blockchain platform and ensure the network’s security and relevance in the evolving technical ecosystem.
The announcement of “The Splurge” appears to have sparked a rally in the price of ETH. At the time of the announcement, the price was $2,624, up 4.64% in the past 24 hours. The daily trading volume also increased by 78.5% to $21.5 billion, indicating renewed investor interest.
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dental1234 · 8 months ago
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Achieve Perfect Oral Health: All Dental Services Included
Achieve Perfect Oral Health: All Dental Services Included
Montgomery Dental MD Clinic provides all services at the best standards, ensuring you can achieve perfect oral health with our comprehensive range of dental treatments. We understand the importance of maintaining optimal oral health, which is why we offer a complete suite of services to address all your dental needs under one roof. From teeth whitening to dental implants, we are dedicated to helping you achieve and maintain a healthy, beautiful smile.
Teeth Whitening in Montgomery
A bright, white smile is often associated with good oral health. At Montgomery Dental MD Clinic, we offer professional teeth whitening services that can help you achieve a radiant smile. Our whitening treatments are safe, effective, and customized to your unique needs. Whether you prefer in-office whitening sessions or take-home whitening kits, our experienced team will ensure you achieve the perfect shade of white for your teeth.
Teeth Replacement in Montgomery
Missing teeth can impact your oral health and self-confidence. Montgomery Dental MD Clinic provides various teeth replacement options, including bridges, dentures, and dental implants. Our skilled dentists will assess your dental health and help you choose the best replacement option to restore both the function and aesthetics of your smile. With our comprehensive teeth replacement services, you can achieve a complete and healthy smile once again.
Teeth Straightening in Montgomery
Properly aligned teeth are essential for perfect oral health. Montgomery Dental MD Clinic offers a range of teeth straightening solutions, including traditional braces and Invisalign. Our orthodontic treatments are designed to address misalignments and bite issues, improving both the appearance and function of your smile. With our personalized treatment plans, you can achieve straighter teeth and better oral health.
Dental Implants in Montgomery
Dental implants are a permanent solution for missing teeth, providing stability, functionality, and aesthetics. At Montgomery Dental MD Clinic, our experienced implant specialists use advanced techniques to ensure successful implant placement. Whether you need to replace a single tooth or restore multiple teeth, our dental implant services can help you achieve a perfect smile that looks and feels natural.
Invisalign in Montgomery
Invisalign offers a discreet and comfortable way to straighten your teeth without the need for traditional braces. Montgomery Dental MD Clinic is proud to offer Invisalign treatments that use clear, removable aligners to shift your teeth into place gradually. With Invisalign, you can achieve a straighter smile without the inconvenience of metal brackets and wires, allowing you to maintain perfect oral health with ease.
With our comprehensive range of dental services, Montgomery Dental MD Clinic is your partner in achieving perfect oral health. Our experienced team is dedicated to providing you with personalized care and innovative treatments to help you achieve the healthy, beautiful smile you deserve.
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