#heinrich eichmann

[miuarchiv]

The file on preventing the emigration of Jews from France and Belgium, in order to accelerate the emigration of Jews from Reich territory. With translation.

Signed by Schellenberg on Mueller's behalf while the latter was absent.

This file was mentioned in Eichmann's trial(p1-p2), but in fact without obvious relation to the Madagascar Plan.

[mefistonotfound]

Coś z Himmlera i Mengele, z Eichmanna i Heydricha jest w każdym z nas

Guido Knopp "SS przestroga historii"

[whencyclopedia]

Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen ('deployment groups') were secret Nazi killing units, who systematically sought out and murdered civilians identified as enemies of the Third Reich. Operating without any legal restrictions in territories newly conquered by the regular German armed forces during the Second World War (1939-45), the Einsatzgruppen were responsible for over 2 million deaths.

The victims of the Einsatzgruppen included Jewish people, Romani people, intellectuals, local officials, communists, partisans, and anyone else considered enemies of the German Nazi state. Jewish people were a particular target as part of the Nazis' Final Solution. Victims were rounded up for immediate mass execution or internment in concentration camps. The activities of the Einsatzgruppen became clear during the post-war Nuremberg trials when both survivors and those directly involved in the units gave evidence.

The Final Solution

Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942) was the first head of the Reich Security Main Office or RSHA (Reichssicherheitshauptamt), which included within it such terror organisations as the Nazi secret police (Gestapo), the criminal police (Kripo), and the military intelligence service of the Nazi Party, the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Section or SD). When Heydrich was assassinated by the Czech Resistance in May 1942, Ernst Kaltenbrunner (1903-1946) took over as the new permanent head of the RSHA. The leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), gave the RSHA three main roles: policing and repressing enemies of Nazism, gathering intelligence, and eliminating those people identified by the Nazis as being racially inferior. In none of these roles was the RSHA limited by any legal restrictions. Those identified as enemies of the Third Reich need not have been guilty of any specific crime, and they were given no legal representation or means of appeal. In other words, any civilian could be rounded up, imprisoned, and executed without any reason given whatsoever. Those who tried to defend the innocent were very often beaten, imprisoned, or executed themselves.

Heydrich and his chief lieutenant Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) were assigned by Hitler many diabolical projects, which included the Final Solution, that is the extermination of all Jewish people (the Holocaust). Other 'undesirables' and, therefore, targets of the RSHA, included Romani people, freemasons, communists, those with physical or mental disabilities, and anyone who might resist the Third Reich, such as priests and intellectuals (including doctors, civil servants, and teachers). As the German army advanced into new territories, particularly on the Eastern Front, more and more "enemies of the state" had to be dealt with. Additional "enemies" now included prisoners of war, partisans, former members of local government, and anyone associated with the authority of the previous regime. To eliminate these "enemies", the RSHA was given the task of organising highly secret mobile killing squads, which operated behind the advancing regular German army and very often with its cooperation. These squads were the Einsatzgruppen.

Reinhard Heydrich

Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1969-054-16 / Hoffmann, Heinrich (CC BY-SA)

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[cursedreverie1945]

Today is trump's inauguration

MLK Day

It's also the 83rd anniversary of the Wannsee Conference.

The Wannsee Conference was held OTD in 1942, in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee. It was organized by Reinhard Heydrich, at the request of Hermann Göring, to discuss and coordinate the implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question,"which was the plan to systematically exterminate European Jews. Key attendees included:

Reinhard Heydrich: As the chief of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), Heydrich was the main architect of the Final Solution. He called and chaired the conference to ensure coordination among various Nazi departments in the extermination plan.

Adolf Eichmann: A key figure in organizing the logistics of the Holocaust, Eichmann was the head of the RSHA department responsible for Jewish affairs and coordinating the deportation of Jews to concentration camps, ghettos, and death camps. He took minutes during the meeting. One copy survived and it wasn't even a full copy.

Heinrich Müller: As head of the Gestapo, Müller was involved in the coordination of secret police operations during the Holocaust.

Karl Eberhard Schöngarth: A commander in the SS and police in the General Government (part of occupied Poland), Schöngarth was actively involved in the implementation of mass shootings and deportations of Jews.

Josef Bühler: As the State Secretary for the General Government, Bühler advocated for the inclusion of Poland in the Final Solution plans, expressing eagerness to "solve" the Jewish question in his jurisdiction promptly.

Roland Freisler: A representative of the Reich Ministry of Justice, Freisler was involved in ensuring that legal frameworks were in place for the persecution and deportation of Jews.

Otto Hofmann: As the head of the SS Race and Settlement Main Office, Hofmann was responsible for racial policies that included identifying and rounding up Jews for deportation.

At the Conference, Bühler remarked “...that the General Government would welcome it if a start were to be made on the final solution of this question in the General Government, because here transportation does not pose a real problem nor would the deployment of a labor force interfere with the process of this operation. Jews should be removed from the area of the General Government as quickly as possible, because it is here that the Jew represents a serious danger as a carrier of epidemics, and in addition his incessant black marketeering constantly upsets the country's economic structure. Of the approximately 2.5 million Jews in question, the majority are anyway unfit for work.”

Soon after the Conference, the Holocaust entered into a new, more deadly phase. Among other events, Operation Reinhard was a direct result. Named for Heydrich, who was assassinated just months after the conference, it was intended to kill every Jew.

Operation Reinhard built a series of death camps called Operation Reinhard Camps: Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. Three other pre-existing camps, Chelmno, Majdanek, and Auschwitz II, were also put to work towards this goal.

Ultimately, 90% of the Jews of Poland would not survive.

May all of these sonsofbitches never find rest.

Pictured, Reinhard and Lina Heydrich the day before the attempt on his life 26 May 1942. He would die on 04 June 1942.

[justforbooks]

Hannah Arendt,

born Johanna Arendt; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-American historian and philosopher. She was one of the most influential political theorists of the 20th century.

Her works cover a broad range of topics, but she is best known for those dealing with the nature of wealth, power and evil, as well as politics, direct democracy, authority, tradition and totalitarianism. She is also remembered for the controversy surrounding the trial of Adolf Eichmann, for her attempt to explain how ordinary people become actors in totalitarian systems, which was considered by some an apologia, and for the phrase "the banality of evil." Her name appears in the names of journals, schools, scholarly prizes, humanitarian prizes, think-tanks, and streets; appears on stamps and monuments; and is attached to other cultural and institutional markers that commemorate her thought.

Hannah Arendt was born to a Jewish family in Linden (now a district of Hanover, Germany) in 1906. When she was three, her family moved to the East Prussian capital of Königsberg for her father's health care. Paul Arendt had contracted syphilis in his youth but was thought to be in remission when Arendt was born. He died when she was seven. Arendt was raised in a politically progressive, secular family, her mother being an ardent Social Democrat. After completing secondary education in Berlin, Arendt studied at the University of Marburg under Martin Heidegger, with whom she engaged in a romantic affair that began while she was his student. She obtained her doctorate in philosophy at the University of Heidelberg in 1929. Her dissertation was titled Love and Saint Augustine, and her supervisor was the existentialist philosopher Karl Jaspers.

Hannah Arendt married Günther Stern in 1929 but soon began to encounter increasing antisemitism in the 1930s Nazi Germany. In 1933, the year Adolf Hitler came to power, Arendt was arrested and briefly imprisoned by the Gestapo for performing illegal research into antisemitism. On release, she fled Germany, living in Czechoslovakia and Switzerland before settling in Paris. There she worked for Youth Aliyah, assisting young Jews to emigrate to the British Mandate of Palestine. She was stripped of her German citizenship in 1937. Divorcing Stern that year, she then married Heinrich Blücher in 1940. When Germany invaded France that year she was detained by the French as an alien. She escaped and made her way to the United States in 1941 via Portugal. She settled in New York, which remained her principal residence for the rest of her life. She became a writer and editor and worked for the Jewish Cultural Reconstruction, becoming an American citizen in 1950. With the publication of The Origins of Totalitarianism in 1951, her reputation as a thinker and writer was established, and a series of works followed.

These included the books The Human Condition in 1958, as well as Eichmann in Jerusalem and On Revolution in 1963.

She taught at many American universities while declining tenure-track appointments. She died suddenly of a heart attack in 1975, at the age of 69, leaving her last work, The Life of the Mind, unfinished.

Arendt's five-part series "Eichmann in Jerusalem" appeared in The New Yorker in February 1963 some nine months after Eichmann was hanged on 31 May 1962. By this time his trial was largely forgotten in the popular mind, superseded by intervening world events. However, no other account of either Eichmann or National Socialism has aroused so much controversy. Before its publication, Arendt was considered a brilliant humanistic original political thinker. Her mentor, Karl Jaspers, however, had warned her about a possible adverse outcome, "The Eichmann trial will be no pleasure for you. I'm afraid it cannot go well". On publication, three controversies immediately occupied public attention: the concept of Eichmann as banal, her criticism of the role of Israel and her description of the role played by the Jewish people themselves.

Arendt was profoundly shocked by the response, writing to Karl Jaspers "People are resorting to any means to destroy my reputation... They have spent weeks trying to find something in my past that they can hang on me". Now she was being called arrogant, heartless and ill-informed. She was accused of being duped by Eichmann, of being a "self-hating Jewess", and even an enemy of Israel. Her critics included The Anti-Defamation League and many other Jewish groups, editors of publications she was a contributor to, faculty at the universities she taught at and friends from all parts of her life. Her friend Gershom Scholem, a major scholar of Jewish mysticism, broke off relations with her, publishing their correspondence without her permission. Arendt was criticized by many Jewish public figures, who charged her with coldness and lack of sympathy for the victims of the Holocaust. Because of this lingering criticism neither this book nor any of her other works were translated into Hebrew until 1999.[314] Arendt responded to the controversies in the book's Postscript.

Although Arendt complained that she was being criticized for telling the truth – "what a risky business to tell the truth on a factual level without theoretical and scholarly embroidery" – the criticism was largely directed to her theorizing on the nature of mankind and evil and that ordinary people were driven to commit the inexplicable not so much by hatred and ideology as ambition, and inability to empathize. Equally problematic was the suggestion that the victims deceived themselves and complied in their own destruction.[316] Prior to Arendt's depiction of Eichmann, his popular image had been, as The New York Times put it "the most evil monster of humanity" and as a representative of "an atrocious crime, unparalleled in history", "the extermination of European Jews". As it turned out Arendt and others were correct in pointing out that Eichmann's characterization by the prosecution as the architect and chief technician of the Holocaust was not entirely credible.

While much has been made of Arendt's treatment of Eichmann, Ada Ushpiz, in her 2015 documentary Vita Activa: The Spirit of Hannah Arendt, placed it in a much broader context of the use of rationality to explain seemingly irrational historical events.

In an interview with Joachim Fest in 1964, Arendt was asked about Eichmann's defense that he had made Kant's principle of the duty of obedience his guiding principle all his life. Arendt replied that that was outrageous and that Eichmann was misusing Kant, by not considering the element of judgement required in assessing one's own actions – "Kein Mensch hat bei Kant das Recht zu gehorchen" (No man has, according to Kant, the right to obey), she stated, paraphrasing Kant. The reference was to Kant's Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft (Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason 1793) in which he states:

Der Satz 'man muß Gott mehr gehorchen, als den Menschen' bedeutet nur, daß, wenn die letzten etwas gebieten, was an sich böse (dem Sittengesetz unmittelbar zuwider) ist, ihnen nicht gehorcht werden darf und soll. (The saying, "We must hearken to God, rather than to man," signifies no more than this, viz. that should any earthly legislation enjoin something immediately contradictory of the moral law, obedience is not to be rendered)

Kant clearly defines a higher moral duty than rendering merely unto Caesar. Arendt herself had written in her book "This was outrageous, on the face of it, and also incomprehensible, since Kant's moral philosophy is so closely bound up with man's faculty of judgment, which rules out blind obedience." Arendt's reply to Fest was subsequently corrupted to read Niemand hat das Recht zu gehorchen (No one has the right to obey), which has been widely reproduced, although it does encapsulate an aspect of her moral philosophy.

The phrase Niemand hat das Recht zu gehorchen has become one of her iconic images, appearing on the wall of the house in which she was born, among other places. A fascist bas-relief on the Palazzo degli Uffici Finanziari (1942), in the Piazza del Tribunale, Bolzano, Italy celebrating Mussolini, read Credere, Obbedire, Combattere (Believe, Obey, Combat). In 2017 it was altered to read Hannah Arendt's original words on obedience in the three official languages of the region.

The phrase has been appearing in other artistic work featuring political messages, such as the 2015 installation by Wilfried Gerstel, which has evoked the concept of resistance to dictatorship, as expressed in her essay "Personal Responsibility under Dictatorship" (1964).

Daily inspiration. Discover more photos at Just for Books…?

[archaeopath]

Vor 1000 Jahren | Leben am Hof von Kunigunde und Heinrich Ⅱ.

Bamberg Maximiliansplatz, Kaiser Heinrich Ⅱ. mit Dom (📷 Gerd Eichmann 2022 via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0) 🏺 Read the full article

[ebelal56-blog]

The Surprising Fate of Hitler's Inner Circle

The end of World War II in 1945 marked not just the fall of a regime but the reckoning of its key figures. Picture the chaos, the despair, and the dramatic shifts in power as the Allies closed in on Berlin, the heart of the Third Reich. The fate of Hitler's close associates varied wildly, a kaleidoscope of justice, evasion, and self-inflicted endings that tell a gripping story of a world in turmoil. Take Heinrich Himmler, for instance, the head of the SS and one of the principal architects of the Holocaust. Himmler was captured by British forces in May 1945. You might think he would face justice for his horrendous crimes, but instead, he chose a coward's exit, swallowing cyanide before he could be brought to trial. His suicide speaks volumes about the fear and guilt that haunted these men. Did he think he could escape the consequences of his actions in death? Or was it a final act of defiance against a world that had turned against him? Then there's Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's Minister of Propaganda, who was not just a follower but a true believer in Nazi ideology. On May 1, 1945, in the depths of Hitler's bunker, he and his wife, Magda, made a horrific decision. They poisoned their six children before taking their own lives. It's chilling to think about the lengths they went to protect their twisted beliefs, even in the face of inevitable defeat. What kind of world do you have to live in to believe that death is a better option than surrender? Hermann Göring, the head of the Luftwaffe, had a different fate. Captured by the Allies, he stood trial at Nuremberg, where he was sentenced to death. But in a final act of defiance, he committed suicide with cyanide just hours before his execution. It's almost grotesque how these men clung to their lives, only to choose death when facing justice. What does that say about their character? Did they truly believe they were above the law, even in the end? Rudolf Hess, Hitler's deputy, took a bizarre path. In 1941, he flew solo to Scotland, attempting to negotiate peace with Britain, a move that was as futile as it was desperate. After the war, he was imprisoned and later tried at Nuremberg, where he was sentenced to life in prison. He spent decades in Spandau Prison, ultimately dying in 1987, officially ruled a suicide. The irony is striking: a man who once held power and influence ended his days in a cell, a stark reminder of how quickly fortunes can change. Then there's Albert Speer, Hitler's chief architect and Minister of Armaments. Unlike many of his associates, Speer admitted guilt during his Nuremberg trial. He received a 20-year sentence, and upon his release in 1966, he spent the rest of his life reflecting on his role in the Nazi regime. His memoirs offer a glimpse into the mind of a man who built grand structures for a regime that sought to obliterate millions. Was he remorseful, or was he simply trying to reshape his legacy? Karl Dönitz, who briefly succeeded Hitler as head of state, had a less dramatic fate. He surrendered to the Allies and was sentenced to ten years in prison at Nuremberg. Released in 1956, he lived until 1980. His story is a reminder that not all of Hitler's associates faced the same grim fate, but his legacy is forever tainted by the shadow of the regime he served. Now, let's talk about Martin Bormann, Hitler's private secretary. His fate remained a mystery for years after the war. He disappeared in the chaos of Berlin's fall, and it wasn't until 1972 that his remains were discovered. It's believed he died by suicide or was killed during those tumultuous final days. The uncertainty surrounding his end reflects the chaos of the time-a fitting end for a man who lived in the shadows of power. Adolf Eichmann, the major organizer of the Holocaust, took a different route. After the war, he escaped to Argentina, living under a false identity. But justice caught up with him in 1960 when Israeli agents captured him. His trial in Israel was a landmark moment, and the world watched as he was found guilty and executed in 1962. His story serves as a reminder that no matter how far one runs, the truth has a way of surfacing. Reinhard Heydrich, one of the most feared Nazi officials, was assassinated by Czech resistance fighters in 1942. His death, well before the war ended, shows the resistance and the fight against tyranny that continued even in the darkest of times. Hans Frank, the Governor-General of Nazi-occupied Poland, was captured, tried, and hanged in 1946. His trial was a stark reminder of the atrocities committed under his governance, and his execution served as a symbol of accountability for those who perpetrated such horrors. Wilhelm Keitel and Ernst Kaltenbrunner, both high-ranking officials, faced similar fates at Nuremberg, found guilty of war crimes and executed in 1946. Their deaths marked a significant moment in history, establishing a precedent for international law regarding crimes against humanity.

[agendaculturaldelima]

#ProyeccionDeVida

🎥 Biografías. Mujeres y Sociedad, presenta:

🎬 “HANNAH ARENDT Y LA BANALIDAD DEL MAL”

🔎 Género: Drama / Años 60 / Nazismo / Holocausto / Basado en hechos reales

⌛️ Duración: 113  minutos

✍️ Guión: Pam Katz y Margarethe Von Trotta

🗯 Argumento: Biografía de la fil��sofa judío-alemana Hannah Arendt, discípula de Heidegger, que trabajó como periodista en el juicio a Adolf Eichmann, el nazi que organizó el genocidio del pueblo judío durante la II Guerra Mundial, conocida por "la solución final".

👥 Reparto: Barbara Sukowa (Hannah Arendt), Janet McTeer (Mary McCarthy), Klaus Pohl (Martin Heidegger), Axel Milberg (Heinrich Blücher), Ulrich Noethen (Hans Jonas), Julia Jentsch (Lotte Köhler) y Nicholas Woodeson (William Shawn).

📢 Dirección: Margarethe Von Trotta

© Productora: Heimatfilm

🌎 País: Alemania

📅 Año: 2012

📽 Proyección:

📆 Martes 05 de Marzo  

🕖 7:00pm.

🏪 Cine Club de la Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades (av. Bolivia 537 - Breña)

🚶‍♀️🚶‍♂️ Ingreso libre con DNI.

[jhavelikes]

Supporters of Gessen, who is Jewish, and whose grandfather and great-grandfather were among family members murdered by the Nazis, have been quick to point out the irony of suspending a prize awarded in memory of Arendt, the German-born Jewish-American historian, philosopher and antitotalitarian political theorist who coined the phrase “the banality of evil”, in connection with the trial of leading Nazi Adolf Eichmann, which she covered as a journalist for the New Yorker. Samantha Rose Hill, author of the profile Hannah Arendt and editor of Arendt’s collected poems, called it “an affront to Hannah Arendt’s memory. By their own logic, the Heinrich Böll Foundation needs to cancel the Hannah Arendt prize altogether.” Another academic said that according to the reasons given for the decision, “Hannah Arendt wouldn’t get the Hannah Arendt award in Germany today.”

Award ceremony suspended after writer compares Gaza to Nazi-era Jewish ghettos | Germany | The Guardian

[elarafritzenwalden]

'Stadttheater Ingolstadt', theater Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany; 1961-66

Hardt-Waltherr Hämer + Marie Brigitte Hämer; Heinrich Eichmann (goldleaf murals), Hans Aeschbacher (obelisk sculpture), Haussmann & Haussmann (interior layout and decoration); photography by Fritz Maurer

see map | more information 1, 2

via "Cementbulletin" 36-37 (1968-1969)

[iridediluce]

HANNAH ARENDT, 1906–1975

Hannah Arendt era una pensatrice umanista che pensava in modo audace e provocatorio al nostro mondo politico ed etico condiviso. Ispirata dalla filosofia, ha messo in guardia contro i pericoli politici della filosofia per astrarre e offuscare la pluralità e la realtà del nostro mondo. Difendeva ferocemente l’importanza della sfera pubblica, ma era anche intensamente riservata e difendeva…

[the-empress-7]

I never thought it would be fair or feasible for Charles to give up the throne to William like some people want but this is different. I don't think he should be King if this is what he has been up to. What worries me sometimes is if the Queen has been involved with corruption but the media won't dare report on it because she is so beloved. I've heard gossip about the media waiting to open the flood gates after HM passes.

[alain-keler]

Lundi 24 janvier 2022.

Deux dates s’imposent en ce mois de janvier : Auschwitz Birkenau a été libéré par les troupes soviétiques il y a soixante dix sept ans le 27 janvier 1945.

Il y a quatre vingt ans, Le 20 janvier 1942, quinze hauts fonctionnaires du parti nazi et de l'administration allemande s’étaient réunis dans une villa de Wannsee, dans la banlieue de Berlin, pour discuter de la mise en œuvre de ce qu'ils appelèrent "la Solution finale à la question juive".

Une liste des populations juives en Europe a été établie pour cette conférence : elle apparaît en photo ci-dessus.

Les représentants de la SS à cette réunion étaient le Général SS Reinhard Heydrich, directeur de l'Office central de sécurité du Reich (Reichssicherheitshauptamt-RSHA) et un des principaux adjoints du SS-Reichführer Heinrich Himmler ; le général SS Heinrich Müller, chef de la division IV de la RSHA (la Gestapo) ; le lieutenant colonel SS Adolf Eichmann, chef de la division IV B4 de la RSHA (les questions juives) ; le colonel SS Eberhard Schöngarth, commandant à Cracoviede la RSHA pour le gouvernement général de Pologne ; le major SS Rudolf Lange, commandant des Einsatzkommando 2 du RSHA déployé en Lettonie à l'automne 1941 ; le major général SS Otto Hofmann, chef du bureau central pour la race et le peuplement (RuSHA).

La Shoah, génocide et crime contre l'humanité, est un drame unique. Il s'est agi d'une destruction massive, programmée avec des moyens scientifiques, pour anéantir un peuple en fonction de ce qu'il est. C'est-à-dire de son identité. Le génocide juif massacre six millions d'êtres humains pour la seule raison qu'ils sont juifs. Ce n'est ni le résultat d'une guerre ni d'un conflit. C'est la volonté unique d'anéantir un peuple, une culture, une histoire *. On va chercher les juifs partout où ils se trouvent sur le territoire européen.

 En relatant ces faits, je ne cherche pas à faire une comparaison ni minimiser les différents génocides qui ont ensanglanté la planète. Je veux juste rappeler ce que fut la Shoah, souvent remise en cause pour de mauvaises raisons politiques.

 Je n’oublie pas le génocide des arméniens, non reconnu par la Turquie, ni celui des Ukrainiens non reconnu par la Russie, ni celui des ouighours non reconnu par la Chine, ni le génocide des Roms dont le bilan humain reste encore de nos jours difficile à quantifier (https://www.la-croix.com/.../Le-genocide-Tsiganes-fait...). Je n’oublie pas le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda**, ni celui du Cambodge par les Khmers rouges.***

À Birkenau il y a un endroit un peu à l’écart du reste du camp, c’est le sauna. C’est là que l’on faisait se déshabiller les nouveaux arrivants, qu’on leur tatouait un numéro, d’abord sur la poitrine, puis sur le bras. C’était l’antichambre de la mort. Aujourd’hui on peut y voir sur plusieurs murs des centaines de photos de la vie avant le crime absolu. C’est un endroit qui m’émeut beaucoup. Il y a peu de visiteurs, un silence respectueux.

La Rabbin Delphine Horveilleur écrit :

« Dans son livre Si c’est un homme, Primo Levi raconte qu’un jour au camp, tandis qu’il était assoiffé, il tendit la main vers un glaçon pour s’en désaltérer.  Le gardien le lui arracha violemment, et quand il demanda  pourquoi ? , l’autre répondit : « Hier ist kein warum », ici il n’y a pas de pourquoi ! ».

Tel fut le monde que des hommes ont construit pour y enfermer d’autres hommes en qui ils avaient cessé de voir des hommes, continue la Rabbin.

Auschwitz a été bien été la tâche la plus ignoble de l’histoire de l’humanité.

« Le terme génocide apparaît au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, lorsque le juriste polonais Raphael Lemkin caractérise, en 1944, « la pratique de l’extermination de nations et de groupes ethniques ». Le terme « génocide » a par la suite été employé rétrospectivement pour le massacre systématique des Herero et Nama dans le Sud-Ouest africain allemand (1904-1908), celui des Arméniens par les Turcs (1915-1916), et enfin celui des Tutsi au Rwanda (1994) »****.

* https://www.humanite.fr/node/390583

** https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2019/06/03/genocide-un-terme-souvent-galvaude_5470652_3232.html

*** https://www.alloprof.qc.ca/fr/eleves/bv/histoire/genocides-au-20e-siecle-h1114

**** https://www.memorialdelashoah.org/archives-et-documentation/genocides-xx-siecle.html

[breakingthenarrative]

“In speeches, Hitler purportedly made apparently warm references towards Muslim culture such as: "The peoples of Islam will always be closer to us than, for example, France".[11] Hitler was transcribed as saying: "Had Charles Martel not been victorious at Poitiers [...] then we should in all probability have been converted to Mohammedanism, that cult which glorifies the heroism and which opens up the seventh Heaven to the bold warrior alone. Then the Germanic races would have conquered the world."[12]

This exchange occurred when Hitler received Saudi Arabian ruler Ibn Saud's special envoy, Khalid al-Hud al-Gargani.[13] Earlier in this meeting, Hitler noted that one of the three reasons why Nazi Germany had some interest in the Arabs was:

[...] because we were jointly fighting the Jews. This led him to discuss Palestine and the conditions there, and he then stated that he himself would not rest until the last Jew had left Germany. Kalid al Hud observed that the Prophet Mohammed [...] had acted the same way. He had driven the Jews out of Arabia [...]”

[Amin al Husseini and Adolf Hitler, 1941]

“Amin al-Husseini became the most prominent Arab collaborator with the Axis powers. He developed friendships with high-ranking Nazis, including Heinrich Himmler, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and (possibly) Adolf Eichmann.[citation needed] He contributed to Axis propaganda services and to the recruitment of Muslim and Arab soldiers for the Nazi armed forces, including three SS divisions consisting of Bosnian Muslims.”

[bluecote]

heinrich eichmann, labyrinth concrete relief

werk 7/ 1968

[whenyouarenothing]

QUARANTINE TIME IS READING TIME. EMERGE less ignorant.

Books/Essays, Theory:

Karl Marx- Friedrich EngelsCommunist Manifesto(Fundamental piece for the social sciences, social movements of the 19/20/21 centuries

Karl Marx-The british rule in Indiahttps://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1853/06/25.htm

Sohrab Sepehri - The oasis of now.

Peter Sloterdijk - After God

Antonio Gramsci-gramsci-prison-notebooks-vol1

Secondary literature on Gramsci'sConception of Hegemony Gramsci

Hegel, Nietzsche, Freud-Hegel, Nietzsche and Freud on Madness and the Unconscious

Foucault-The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 3) Michel Foucault, James D. Faubion, Robert Hurley, Colin Gordon, Paul Rabinow-Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984 Volume 3_ Power-The New Press (2

Zygmunt Bauman-(Themes for the 21st Century Series) Zygmunt Bauman-Globalization_ The Human Consequences-Polity Press (1998)

Hannah Arendt-Arendt-Eichmann-in-Jerusalem

Giorgia Agamben and Walter Benjamin-Bare-Life-and-Historical-Materialism-in-Agamben-and-Benjamin

Rainer Maria Rilke - Letters to a young poet

Rainer Maria Rilke - Stundenglas

Walter Benjamin-The reproduction of the artwork in the 21. century

Guy Debord-Society of the spectacle

Carl Schmitt- Carl Schmitt-The Nomos of the Earth -Telos Press Publishing (2006)

Carl_Schmitt_The_Concept_of_the_Political_Expanded_Edition____2007

Heinrich von Kleist - Penthesilea

Stefan Zweig - Magellan

Luis Borges - the Library of Babel

Renzo Novatore - Towards the Creative Nothing

Renzo Novatore - in the circle of life.

Friedrich Nietzsche-Genealogy of morals

Friedrich Nietzsche-Friedrich_Nietzsche - Human_All_Too_Human_A_Book_for_Free_Spirits_(1996)

Friedrich Nietzsche - Nietzsches critique on religion

Kenneth Waltz-Kenneth N. Waltz-Man, the State and War-Columbia University Press (2001)

Lucien van der WaalLucien Van Der Walt and Michael Schmidt Black Flame vol 1

Eduardo Galeano - Open_Veins_of_Latin_America

Wolfi Landstreicher-wolfi-landstreicher-critical-thinking-as-an-anarchist-weapon

Wolfi Landstreicher- wolfi-landstreicher-the-network-of-domination

Ludwig Feuerbach-Ludwig Feuerbach's conception of the religious alienation of man and Mikhail Bakunin'sphilosophy of negation

Emma Goldman - philosophy of atheism

Voegelin - on modern gnosticism