miuarchiv

[miuarchiv]

Werner Best to Heydrich, 15 Apr 1942

"As long as I stood by your side as one of your nearest and dearest, at times as your closest co-worker, I had the desire not only to be your best comrade, but also to become your personal friend. I believed that such a relationship could give us both balance and support. I also once promised your wife, who always showed a very fine feeling for unspoken things, that I wanted to be a real friend to you. But you didn't want the friend. You wanted the subordinate."

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

And RH turned to Himmler for intervention. His handwritten text seemed to be "Ich habe ?? diesem Brief Best nichts zu sagen".

RH to Wolff: Liebes Woelffchen RH to Best: Dr. Best

[miuarchiv]

"As long as I stood by your side as one of your nearest and dearest, at times as your closest co-worker, I had the desire not only to be your best comrade, but also to become your personal friend. I believed that such a relationship could give us both balance and support. I also once promised your wife, who always showed a very fine feeling for unspoken things, that I wanted to be a real friend to you. But you didn't want the friend. You wanted the subordinate."

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

(!) For educational purposes only.

Source: Best’s biography by Danielsen.

Incomplete (?) letter from Werner Best to RH. April 15, 1942.

RH didn’t reply to his ex-deputy, but they met in Paris in early May 1942. Best recalled in his post-war testimony (p. 45) that RH didn’t forgive him.

Any transcription/translation corrections are welcome. I probably messed up?

[miuarchiv]

Just came across an auction

A German silver and enamel box, of chamfered square design, the hinged enamel inset cover decorated with a strutting cockerel within a roundel on a pale blue guilloche ground, the gilded interior with German silver marks and stamped 900, the underside with presentation inscription 'Joyeux Anniversaire Gabrielle "Coco", Walter Shellenberg, 19 Août 1943', 5cm wide

??? So WS really had ZERO sense of fashion...

And who the hell are you bro???

[miuarchiv]

Walter Schellenberg in Archives and Publications

Categories of MIUarchiv, click the title to view posts. German edition memoir: download

Handwriting and Photos Handwritten letter in English Photos from various sources Handwritten CV

Personnel and Identity Papers Personnel files (with a few photos) Passports (authentic & forged) Reichssportabzeichen Certifications of NSDAP, quitting from the catholic church, marriage, hunting, etc.

Correspondence and Memorandum Of private and official nature.

Interrogation and Testimony sometimes in a tune of gossip interview... Kurt Lindow on Schellenberg's personality and his relationship with Heydrich & Himmler Christl Erdmann(secretary) Wener Best Hans-Hendrik Neumann etc.

In Prison Inventory of Schellenberg's luggage seized (including some papers belonged to Robert Schmied, photos and letters of an unknown woman named "Peter") Correspondence in prison, with Hanna Reitsch, Count Bernadotte, Irene's family, the two lawyers, etc.

Schellenberg’s Final Years of Life After his release from prison he reunited with Irene and the children in Iburg. His attempt to enter Switzerland via regular proceedings almost succeeded. According to his doctor Francis Lang, Coco Chanel has covered his expenses of 30000 francs. And a little investigation into his burial place.

Divorcing Kaethe Kortekamp Plaintiffs, correspondence, Kaethe's meeting with Heydrich, etc.

Irene Grosse-Schönepauk and her Family She lived in Iburg, Hannover with the children and her mother in the post-war years, in poor condition.

Schellenberg's Parents and Siblings Bernhard & Elisabeth Schellenberg's participation in espionage Ludwig Schellenberg's trouble Correspondence with old Guido Schellenberg

Dr. Schellenberg? The question remained.

As Others Recalled Wilhelm Wulff's memoir Klaus Harpprecht on Schellenberg's peculiar assertation of Heinrich Mueller's defect to Soviet Union. (In progress) Friedrich Paulus' Story

Conference Minutes Amt-VI and RSHA Amt Chef conferences

Schellenberg’s Adjutant & Assistants Adjutant Erhard Urbannek: Schellenberg's Adjutant in IV-E Secretaries Hans-Heinrich Gaulke: Had worked with Schellenberg since the Amt I years. Executed for violation of Paragraph 175. Last seen in RSHA files in June 1943. Werner Krueger: Sent to the front or Eisnatzgruppen after boasting himself as "adjutant". Last seen in RSHA files in May 1942. Maira Schienke: Gaulke's successor. Christl Erdmann: Schienke's assistant. Personal assistant (Persönlicher Referent) Wilhelm Schmitz Assistant for liaison and reception Franz Göring

RSHA Offices Details of RSHA office buildings and guesthouses.

Other RSHA-Related Personalities

Uncategorized

For content translated into Chinese, please visit our WordPress page. 中文书摘译文等请访问Wordpress页面： https://miuarchiv.wordpress.com/

[miuarchiv]

RH will SMASH your department

"A candidate Inspector from the office had been recommended for promotion by his department head after he had passed the examination. However, I deferred his promotion because, as was the rule at the time, he had not yet provided proof that he could type and write in shorthand. I presented this order to Dr. Best for his signature. He agreed and signed it. Now this candidate inspector was a fencer and therefore had connections to Heydrich. He must have complained to Heydrich, because Heydrich immediately sent for me in the absence of Dr. Best and expressed his indignation as to how I could have dared not to promote the man. Heydrich, as I knew, was of the opinion that fencers were men of extraordinary determination and therefore had to be promoted. During this conversation Heydrich ordered me to inform Dr. Best that he forbade him to sign any more promotions in the future. He also said that if it happened again, he would smash the whole of Department(Abteilung, should be Amt?) I. At the end of the conversation Heydrich told me that I should not tell him about the “smashing” of Department I. When I told Dr. Best about Heydrich's order, he accepted it wordlessly and swallowed it with a straight face. But I had the impression that Heydrich's order had hit him hard. I no longer know when this incident took place, whether it was before the Polish campaign, during it or shortly before Dr. Best left office."

"Dr. Best's adjutant, Fälschlein, once told me that Dr. Best had said to him (Fälschlein), that no one should go away unconsoled. This gave me the impression that Dr. Best had a heart for his fellow men."

"I only had business and not private conversations with Dr. Best. I am therefore unable to comment on Dr. Best's inner attitude, especially towards Poland. I hold Dr. Best in high esteem as a superior. He was fair and listened to the concerns of his employees. You could approach him with questions that were not very pleasant to answer at the time."

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Hans-Hendrik Neumann's affidavit for WS's trial

"Schellenberg's relationship with Heydrich was a properly official one. Nevertheless, given Heydrich's suspicious and often erratic nature, it was not always easy. So that Schellenberg, as he once told me in confidence, he seriously considered putting an end to this situation by resigning. Why Schellenberg stayed with RHSA after all and how his relationship with Heydrich developed, I do not know."

[miuarchiv]

2 versions of WS's handwritten CV

Am 16.1.1910 wurde ich als siebtes Kind des Klavierfabrikanten Guido Schellenberg und seiner Ehefrau Lydia geb. Riedel zu Saarbrücken geboren. Mit sechs Jahren begann meine Schulausbildung. Ich besuchte 4 Jahre die Volksschule u. 9 Jahre lang die Oberrealschule in Saarbrücken.

Im Jahre 1929 bestand ich das Abiturientenexamen. Anschliessend studierte ich 5 Semester Rechts- u. Staatswissenschaften in Marburg a./L. Zu Beginn des 1. Semesters trat ich in das Corps Guestphalia ein. Weitere 3 Semester studierte ich in Bonn.

Am 18.3.1933 bestand ich am Oberlandesgericht in Düsseldorf das Referendarexamen.

Im März 1933 trat ich in die SS u. im April in die Partei ein.

Meine Referendarausbildung erhielt ich am Amtsgericht in Sinzig a./Ahr, am Land. u. Amtsgericht sowie bei der Staatsanwaltschaft in Bonn, bei der Staatspolizeistelle Frankfurt a/M, dem Geheimen-Staatspolizeiamt u. beim Oberlandesgericht in Düsseldorf.

Am 8. XII. 1936 bestand ich die grosse juristische Staatsprüfung mit ‘befriedigend’.

Nach dem Examen wurde ich als Assessor vom Gestapa übernommen sind sehe z. zt. meine im Jahre 1935 beim SD begonnene - ???? hauptamtliche arbeit fort.

Am 16.1.1910 wurde ich als siebtes Kind des Eheleute Guido Schellenberg u. Lydia geb. Riedel zu Saarbrücken geboren.

Ich besuchte 4 Jahre die Volksschule u. 9 Jahre des Reformgymnasium bei Saarbrücken.

Nach Ablegung die Reifeprüfung studierte ich Rechts u. Staatswissenschaften an den Universitäten Marburg u. Bonn. Nach 8 Semesters bestand ich die Referendarprüfung, nach weiterer? 3 Jahrige ????? Zeit im Gerichts ???  am 18.12 1936 am Oberlandesgericht bei Düsseldorf die grosse juristische Staatsprüfung.

Seit September 1935 bin ich im Sicherheitsdienst ????.

[miuarchiv]

SD Conversations: Gossiping on the boss

Q. From when to when were you in Berlin? A. From 1.4.1943 to February 1944.

Q. Are you aware of any special gossip from this period? A. No. Schellenberg was indeed a popular subject for such conversations.

[miuarchiv]

"Zeus bought Danaë for gold, and I buy you for a gold coin. I can't give more than Zeus did."

An alternative to Dollmann's annotation of Alexander VI's orgy

-Eugen Dollmann memoir -Cathy Santore, Danaë: The Renaissance Courtesan's Alter Ego

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Hello! I wanted to ask is it known how relationship between Walter Schellenberg and his second wife Irene looked like? Did they have any kids? Was Irene polish or had some polish family members? Is it known how they met? Thank you for your answers ☺️

1. Relationship

WS's secretary Schienke said their marriage was happy in her 1945 and 1948 interrogations, and he never allowed Irene into the office. (I'll post it later, the text is long)

WS put her photos on the desk of his Nuremberg cell.

WS's letters to her grandfather, brother and sister may shed some light.

Link: https://miuarchiv.tumblr.com/post/721080719767748608/ws-irenes-family-the-lawyerspdf

Wilhelm Hoettl revealed that WS didn't even visit her in the hospital during her difficult labour until Kaltenbrunner ordered him to go.

(Personally I can never agree that a marriage in which a woman had to give birth 4 times in 5 years could be happy, I'd call it torture. Anyway they had a different sense of "love", like Eichmann happily expecting his 4th child regardless of his wife's age and poor health.)

2.Kids

They had at least 4 kids. The 4th kid was born a few months after WS surrendered to the Allies, name unknown.

A 5th child might have been born or adopted between 1947-1950.

See:

3.Irene's mother was Polish. Her maiden name looks like "Wrzaiwska "(??).

4.It is not known how they met.

I have some random guesses. Seems Irene's grandfather Ferdinand Grosse-Schönepauk ran a hotel. WS had some friends in the hotel business. And this 1941 letter, I'm wondering if it indicates that Irene was a friend of Neumann's wife Helga Daitz before she met WS.

[miuarchiv]

Wilhelm Wulff's memoir unabridged

The Englsh translation of Wulff's memoir was abridged for unknwon reason. Here are some unseen excerpts about Wulff and WS's first conversation from the German edition(translated with deepl):

It was in a villa on the "Schöne Aussicht" in Hamburg that I first met Walter Schellenberg, the head of counterintelligence and head of Office VI of the Reich Security Main Office. It was an icy January day in 1944. The east wind was sweeping across the frozen Alster.

Almost inconspicuous, somewhat shy, appears the head of Office VI - one of the youngest generals of the Third Reich, official rival and later successor to Admiral Canaris, who was shrouded in mystery and died tragically. He celebrated his 34th birthday only a few days before our meeting. His calm and reserved demeanour distinguishes him sympathetically from the dashing, arrogant manner of other higher-ranking National Socialist functionaries. His not very tall figure appears harmonious. The head is in good proportion to the overall figure. His gait and gestures are nimble and lively. His small eyes look around attentively and inquiringly.

He sits down in the farthest corner of the room, far from the window, and immediately joins in the conversation. After only a few minutes, you can guess his extraordinary powers of deduction. From a few clues, a clear picture of events and people is immediately formed in him.

After a short conversation, I already had the definite impression that this critical spirit was not at all comfortable in his beautiful new and extremely elegantly fitting SS general's uniform.

Schellenberg soon steered the conversation towards astrology. We talked about the constellations of his own horoscope, which I had already dealt with. I explained to him that he belonged to those fateful years around 1909, which were astrologically considered extremely unfavourable for child births. "Hostile constellations of Neptune, Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus and the Sun predominate," I explained to him. "The ancient symbolic language of astrology, so foreign to the layman, thus expresses that a fatal quality of time brings bad experiences and adventures to those born at that time. A conspicuous number of people of this vintage have been abducted, murdered and perished in other miserable ways, or have mysteriously disappeared. Others have become active tools of mass murder. An uncanny fact which, statistically investigated, would certainly show surprising results."

I went on to explain to Schellenberg that his state of health was precarious: a consequence of continued inner states of agitation which must stem from a great inner conflict and threatened to exhaust his very sensitive disposition. The penetrating power of his personality, his self-confidence, was often inhibited by too much caution. This caution, however, stemmed from a split will that would destroy him, wavering in his nature as he was, if he did not succeed in using his innate skill to work his way out of both his inner conflict and his external ambivalent situation.

The crimes and mistakes of his superiors and many of his comrades were unknown to Schellenberg. Ambition had tempted him to turn down his uncle's prosperous law firm and allow himself to be drawn into Himmler's intimate circle to take on special counter-espionage tasks within the Reich Security Main Office. Thus he partly took over Heydrich's legacy, and the first time the public heard of Schellenberg was when they read that in 1940 two English agents - Best and Stevens - had been duped on the German-Dutch border and taken across the Reich border.

In addition to his gruelling duties, Schellenberg was constantly involved in extremely intricate and life-threatening intrigues with Kaltenbrunner and Müller, the SS group leader and head of the Secret State Police. It was a matter of extending the influence of the individual departments, of personal power, of gaining the ear and trust of the "Reichsführer", of saving personal friends and destroying personal enemies, and of a thousand other things. Schellenberg, who headed the foreign intelligence service, knew better than many the political and military situation, the foreign opinion of Hitler and Himmler. In wild underground battles, Schellenberg repeatedly tried to prevent crimes or reduce their scale. To what extent humanity or the intention to provide himself with an alibi in time was the motive is difficult to oversee.

At our first meeting, these questions were only touched on very cautiously. At that time, Schellenberg mainly asked me questions about astrology.

[miuarchiv]

Scenario from a Friedrich Paulus book

Бланк Александр. Вторая жизнь фельдмаршала Паулюса Read with Google translate, accuracy not guaranteed.

· Walter, but Sie

An unpleasant conversation at RH’s office

“He was the most terrible figure among our statesmen,” Field Marshal Paulus felt it necessary to share his opinion. “Cruel, cunning, treacherous. I once ‘had the honor’ of being invited to talk to him.” “As you understand,” Paulus emphasized, “a summons to Heydrich was not an ordinary event even for an OKH general. And I went to see him very worried. ......The Obergruppenführer inquired about my wife's health," Paulus continued. "Apparently he knew about her from his wife: Helena Constanze and Lina Heydrich belonged to some kind of charitable society. "Your wife, General, is the object of constant attention from our fashionistas - they say her outfits are as magnificent as they are expensive… Where do you get so much money, my dear?" Heydrich joked. "I, for one, don't have any." Then he wiped the smile off his face. "Our Aryan women are now choosing a strict style of dress - there is a war and the fatherland is fighting," he noted. This was a clear hint at the non-German origin of Helena Constanze - "our Aryan women"… "But I," Heydrich finally dropped the joking tone, "of course, did not invite you to talk about the outfits of our ladies. "We are talking about your future trip to Bucharest and Budapest… We would like to ask you about something…" The Field Marshal fell silent. There was no continuation of the story.

Paulus, without any apparent connection to what was said, remarked: "Someone said it right: everyone imagines others in their own image and likeness. This is a very true thought."

The Field Marshal did not mention Heydrich again: the conversation remained unfinished. Only some time later, Paulus's close friend, his former first adjutant Wilhelm Adam, finished the story.

After talking about fashions and the modesty with which an Aryan woman should behave, Heydrich got down to business: "So, we have a favor to ask of you." He immediately picked up the telephone receiver and said quietly but rather insistently: "Schellenberg, please come to see me."

The head of the RSHA's foreign intelligence service immediately appeared and told Paulus in a peremptory tone: "Mr. General, we know that one of your relatives in Bucharest serves as the head of the cipher department of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We will call him Stefan. Another of your Romanian relatives - we will call her Rosita - married a communist who is in preventive detention. We also know that your third Romanian relative is married to a man who remained in Bolshevik Bessarabia. Finally, and this is the main thing, we know that you, Mr. General, are a true patriot and a loyal soldier of the Fuhrer… Schellenberg fell silent, brazenly examining Paulus's face. Most likely, he wanted to understand what impression he had managed to make on the young general. Apparently, the scout caught the confusion on his face and, considering the issue resolved, stated the main thing without any disguise. - So, in a few days you are going to Bucharest. We cannot guarantee that the Romanians are always honest and open with us. And if your relative Stefan could help us to verify this, we would highly appreciate such a service.

Paulus literally choked with anger. Without hiding his indignation, he asked Schellenberg again: - You wanted me to recruit Stefan for you? Did I understand your proposal correctly? - Well, why state delicate issues so simply, - Schellenberg said with feigned offense. - It's about strengthening the relationship of trust, nothing more. - No, thank you. I'm a soldier, Herr Colonel (Schellenberg then held the rank of SS Standartenführer, which was equivalent to a colonel in the army), and I'm used to speaking frankly, without any beating around the bush. I'm not suited to the role of recruiter of agents, I don't know how to steal other people's codes. My job is to fight, and if necessary, to die for the Fuehrer and the Fatherland.

And then Heydrich, who had been silent the whole time, intervened: - We are not forcing you to do anything, Herr General. Walter simply asked for a small favor. The reasons for your refusal are clear to us, we respect them. After all, you don't want to endanger a close relative of your wife.

And even at that moment Heydrich did not miss the opportunity to sting Paulus. He supplemented the statement he had just made about understanding his position regarding his relative with a clearly offensive phrase: “And such a generous man – after all, he manages the family accounts of the Rosetti family.”

Seeing Paulus’s face flush again, the owner of the office stood up and said conciliatorily: “Let’s forget about this conversation. Walter, you are free to go.”

· Rumors are everywhere

At the same time, there was a version among the officers of the General Staff that Heydrich sent men with sledgehammers to smash to pieces a marble tombstone over one of the half-abandoned graves in the Leipzig cemetery, where his grandmother with a non-Aryan name was supposedly buried."

RH 's paternal grandmother was Ernestine Wilhelmine Lindner, his maternal grandmother was Maria Antonie Mautsch(Slavic in origin, but not Jewish anyway).

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Letter to a friend "X", on Schellenberg's divorce

· WS is writing this letter amidst a busy time to later use it as a means to piece together what has happened during this period through correspondence with the recipient, X.

· At the age of 21, WS met Käthe, and they became close for various reasons, including a sexual relationship. After graduating, WS left Bonn to work in Frankfurt and Berlin. During the three and a half years they were apart, WS considered breaking up multiple times, but did put it into action out of a sense of moral obligation and continued to provide her with financial support. At Christmas in 1937, WS finally decided to break up with her during a trip to Bad Honnef. They argued, and Käthe explicitly put forward three moral responsibilities to pressure WS:

1. Käthe had given up her engagement for him (her fiancé was also a lawyer);

2. Käthe couldn't live without him, as she had a poor relationship with her family of origin and WS was currently the only person supporting her;

3. Marriage would reduce her financial burden.

· WS had concerns about marriage: due to the age and personality differences, his parents and all his friends opposed their marriage; WS learned that Käthe had undergone abdominal surgery before meeting him, raising concerns about her ability to reproduce, which turned out to be true.

· WS submitted the marriage review materials, mistakenly believing that the SS's medical examination would be a decisive obstacle. An SS doctor he knew examined Käthe and expressed great doubts, but out of sympathy, WS did not use the doctor's opinion as a reason to give up on marriage. At WS's insistence, the doctor issued a report stating that Käthe had the ability to bear children, but it would be very difficult.

· Before collecting the materials, WS brought Käthe to Berlin, where she stayed with one of WS's direct superiors (presumably Albert). She made friends there and received strong support. During this period, WS once again suggested that they should not enter into a marriage but remain friends, with WS continuing to provide financial and other support. They had another intense argument, and Käthe threatened him with suicide and its consequences. For the sake of his career, WS had no choice but to submit the materials.

· During this time, many colleagues who were on good terms with WS pointed out that he was treating his wife poorly. As a result, WS tried his best to be blameless in such a marriage, never showing the burden of it and focusing on his work. In a marriage without children, and without the possibility of having them, WS would go to work at seven in the morning and return home at nine or ten at night, sometimes working overtime until one or two in the morning, Käthe even made phone calls to check if he was really in the office. Gradually Käthe began to doubt whether he really had that much work, and whenever he came home late, they would argue. There were frequent small and large quarrels, and Käthe often complained to the wives of WS's colleagues, displaying strong jealousy and suspicion.

· WS was dissatisfied with her attire, which was sometimes quite tasteful and other times clownish, and her switching between sloppiness and excessive cleanliness; he was saddened by the absence of children, and she was well aware of this; he believed she should not view the duties of a housewife as akin to a maid's work, and she did not even care about her own health, smoking too much. All these conflicts made WS feel that the marriage was doomed and that he was like a "disgusting, rigid husband who had been battling with a dragon for 20 years."

· Other contents already covered by the Anlage 2.

OCR: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1t3Zu4Du9AlQlG4nJWY_IE_Ex1D3h6D9C/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117112698688138659305&rtpof=true&sd=true

Deepl translation: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vCmle8-feaWCIKxyjU4xt9y3DZlA-yfw/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117112698688138659305&rtpof=true&sd=true

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Käthe's letter to Himmler

Käthe wanted to speak to Himmler in person about: · She and WS had a happy marriage and WS kept saying "how lucky he was to have such a beloved and reasonable wife". · After a "small disagreement" on 4 March WS wanted to divorce her. · She had witness could confirm that when she called and politely asked to speak to WS in Timmendorf, the phone call was answered by Neumann, forbidding her to call again in a rude tone, then threatened to have her arrested by the Gestapo. (Later in Heydrich's letter he supported Neumann) · Some other matters that can't be all written down.

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Dr. Schellenberg?

Conclusion first:

• It can only be inferred that WS either failed to obtain a doctorate thus the personnel files entitled him as "Dr." were simply erroneous(likely), or, he had obtained the degree but in an indecent manner(less possible).

The most important evidence:

• The first file addressing him as "Dr. Schellenberg" was dated 24 Sep 1941, and on 29 Aug 1941 he was still working on his thesis, making no progress without Valjavec's help. There was NO WAY he could finish the thesis in such a short time.

• He never used the title himself. (e.g. Werner Best's signature was "Dr. Best")

Crucial info:

• Originally, WS wanted to obtain a doctorate through "Notexamen"(an accelerated form for students enlisted in the army to obtain degrees). WS was qualified for Notexamen by the award of EK2 and EK1.

• The two topics, "Begriff der Polizei vom christlichen Gedankengut"(The Concept of the Police in Christian Thought) and "Aufgabe und Stellung der Verwaltung in Jugoslawien"(The Role and Position of the Administration in Yugoslavia) were both chosen by Prof. Reinhard Höhn. In April 1940 they both agreed to discard the first one and turn to the second one, for which he was instructed by Prof. Fritz Valjavec. Höhn asked WS to stay at the University of Berlin for 2 more semesters, indicating that WS had previously enrolled at the same university (though no records of this have survived).

• In May 1941 WS procured a document to certify he had enough time to attend essential courses, making an obviously false statement that "his official business at the RSHA will occupy him only 3-4 hours a day", but eventually he could not register for the 1941 summer semester due to procedure problems.

• WS hired ethnic German students in Yugoslavia to translate the reference material he needed.

• Crinis, Heinz Jost, Hans Helm, Herbert Kier had offered help. WS also discussed Valjavec's naturalisation with Franz Six. (Valjavec had been stripped of his Yugoslavian citizenship for participating NS movement.).

• There were a total of some 60 pages of letters/files in 1940-1941. The last recorded correspondence between them was Valjavec's Jan 1942 letter thanking WS for his invitation and explaining that he could not travel due to ill health.

Previous post:

[miuarchiv]

MIUarchiv is a small group of friends with common interests. Without a joint effort, access to certain publications and files wouldn't be possible. The knowledge of each member could serve as a source for cross-referencing. Similarly, the purpose of MIUarchiv is to share information so that anyone interested in WS can avoid wasting time and money on duplicate research, and to cease the spread of long-standing misunderstandings. We share for free, although research is not always cost-free for us.

As the main maintainer of this account, I wrote all these posts in the hope that the knowledge of other enthusiasts could provide more opportunities for my research on WS, and I have indeed received a lot of gratitude and insight. So I do demand that all reposts to other platforms cite the link to the source, or else what I have done will be nothing but work without pay, as the source is easily lost after being reposted several times. Just like when I first saw a blurry photo of Dr Lang's memoir illustration, the source was already unattributable. It then took us quite some time to reread RD's book, locate Dr Lang's memoir, and borrow it from a Swiss library. Still, I do not know who else was interested in this book and whether they had any other discoveries.

CITE THE SOURCE, it is not that hard.

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In the indictment of WS's divorce case, his servise handgun was described as "Dienstrevolver". Although it was common for SD men stationed abroad to carry revolvers, a revolver as service weapon for SD-HA members still seemed unconventional.

Perhaps WS really was a sharpshooter and had his own habitual handgun. Revolvers are of robust construction anyway. Was Reichsrevolver M1883 his choice?