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electricalinsightsdaily · 2 months ago
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Work Function: Unlocking the Secrets of Electron Emission
The work function is a fundamental concept in solid-state physics and materials science, playing a crucial role in understanding electron emission from surfaces. This intrinsic property of materials describes the minimum energy required to extract an electron from a solid to a point immediately outside its surface.
At its core, the work function represents the energy barrier that electrons must overcome to escape the material. This barrier arises from the attractive forces between the electrons and the positive ions in the material's lattice structure. The strength of this barrier varies among different materials, leading to diverse applications in technology and research.
The derivation of the work function involves considering the energy states of electrons within the material and at its surface. We start by examining the Fermi level, which represents the highest occupied energy state at absolute zero temperature. The work function is then defined as the energy difference between the Fermi level and the vacuum level (the energy of a free electron at rest outside the material).
To calculate the work function, we must account for several factors:
The chemical potential of electrons in the bulk material
The electrostatic potential difference between the bulk and the surface
Surface dipole effects due to electron redistribution at the material's boundary
By combining these components, we arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the work function and its variations across different materials and surface conditions.
The implications of work function extend far beyond theoretical physics. It influences various phenomena and technologies, including:
Thermionic emission in vacuum tubes and cathode ray tubes
Photoelectric effect in solar cells and photomultiplier tubes
Field emission in electron microscopy and flat-panel displays
Schottky barriers in semiconductor devices
Read More about work function formula
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quiltofstars · 2 months ago
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Sh2-202 // dnnsrttn
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itsgerges · 2 days ago
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Best Regards
A Great Gap Between The Physics Book And The Solar System Facts
The article proves there's a great gap between the physics book and the solar system facts- the article explains and proves that in the following items 
1- Preface (my 5 equations)
2- The Research Question   (Where's Planet Motion Energy?)
3- The Research Argument (The Physicist Vision Contradicts The Nature System)
4- The Research Methodology (the moon motion theory+ Mars migration theory)
5-The Research Discovery
(the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field moreover NO gravitational field is found)
6- The Research Hypothesis
(the sun is Not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the rays are produced by the gravitational waves motions energies)
7-The Solar System Description Refutation
(The Sun Is The Result Of The Planets Motions But The Description Supposes It’s The Planets Motions Reason)
8- The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves The Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies
9-Space Creation
10- Planet Creation and Motion
11- The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time
12- The Solar System History And Neptune Orbit Creation
(1) Preface (my 5 equations)
My research proves planet creation and motion data depends on geometrical rules and mathematical equations- my five equations prove this fact – I provide here  only three equations (1st, 4th and 5th equation)- let's discuss them in following 
Planet orbital distance equation (My 1st equation)
d^2= 4do (d-do)
where d= planet orbital distance and do= its previous neighbor distance
Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             
d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance
d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance
50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury
Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655
d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance
d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance
655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter
The equation depends on the planets order, just 2 neighbor planets can be used
The equation exceptions are, Earth depends on Mercury Not Venus – and Mars depends on Venus Not Earth And Pluto depends on Uranus Not Neptune
The Equation Concept support
let's suppose–There's a right triangle by the 3 points The Sun, Mercury and Venus)- by that - Venus angle is (61 degrees) because Venus orbital distance (108.2 mkm) x cos (61) = Venus Mercury distance (50.3 mkm) – and
Earth angle is (51 degrees) because Earth orbital distance (149.6 mkm) x cos (51) = Earth Mercury distance (91.7 mkm) – and
Mars angle is (41.7 degrees) because Mars orbital distance (227.9mkm) x cos (41.7)= Mars Mercury distance (170 mkm)- and
Jupiter angle is (22.2 degrees) because Jupiter orbital distance (778.6 mkm) x cos (22.2)= Jupiter Mercury distance (721 mkm)
Similar to that – Saturn angle is 16.5, Uranus angle is 11.6 deg, Neptune angle is 9.2 deg and Pluto angle is 8 deg- these angles follow the same system
for example -Pluto angle is (8 degrees) because Pluto orbital distance (5906 mkm) x cos (8)= Pluto Mercury distance (5848 mkm) –
NOTICE No. (1) the right angle and its triangle is (a hypothesis) – but we can prove it's a fact because (v1/v2) = (θ1/ θ2) -means – these angles are rated with their planets velocities – for example (Neptune velocity 5.4/ Pluto velocity 4.7) = (9.2 deg /8 deg)
NOTICE No. (2) these angles are complementary one another for that
940 = 61 x 2 x 8 = 51 x 2 x 9.2 = 41.7 x 22.2 where (61 degrees) is Venus angle and (51 degrees) is The Earth angle and (41.7 degrees) is Mars angle and (8 degrees) is Pluto angle and (9.2 degrees) is Neptune angle and (22.2 degrees) is Jupiter angle
DISCUSSION
The equation and angles system data prove the following
(1)
The planets orbital distances are defined based on their neighbors and NO mass is required to define it- Newton is wrong- planet orbital distance is Not defined based on this planet mass (also planet motion doesn't depend on its mass)
Shortly- the mass is not related for the distance definition at all
(2)
The gravitation equation is wrong because it contradicts the planets order- for example (Mercury- Venus – the Earth) this order tells more mass needs more orbital distance while the gravitation equation tells more mass needs shorter distance- clearly the equation contradicts the planets order- also Jupiter the greatest mass is not the more near planet to the sun – when we asked the physicist he told this is happened because of the planets initial conditions- my equation proves no initial conditions have effects on any distance – all distances are defined by the same one rule and the angles system supports the equation concept proves that (the planets orbital distances are defined based on each other and no mass is required in this definition)     
Planet diameter equation (My 4th equation)
My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I
v = Planet Velocity                          
r = Planet Diameter
I= Planet Orbital Inclination   
s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period
v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet
The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 
Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity                        
Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity
Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity      
Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity
Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)
Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity
Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)
Example  Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8                  
89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period
9.7 km/s      = Saturn velocity and 5.4 km/s         = Neptune velocity             
49528 km   = Neptune diameter            
1.8 degrees= Neptune Orbital Inclination
59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)
All planets diameters follow this equation perfectly 
The Equation Concept  Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result- the designer created planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function between Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if  A Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter would be saved
DISCUSSION
(1)
The big bang theory tells- Planet is created by random creation – that means
for example- Jupiter diameter and mass are created with unknown values for us- and during the history Jupiter is collided many times and these collisions decreased Jupiter diameter and mass- As a result Jupiter current diameter (142984 km) is a value found by random process because of the historical events- means- Planets diameters and masses are found without any rule or geometrical reason-
(2)
The big bang theory is wrong in 2 principle points – First- planet diameter is created based on a geometrical rule and a mathematical equation as proved by my equation that disproves the big bang imaginary idea- shortly- Jupiter diameter is created by its value 142984 km and it's not changed since creation- this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation- Second the big bang theory is wrong also because it supposes planet diameter change doesn't cause change for its motion- means- planet motion depends on its data and if this planet diameter is changed its motion must be changed accordingly- here- we reach to basic default in the physics book
The problem here is that –the physicist created the theory to explain a planet motion regardless this planet data- shortly let's ask (what changes can be happened for the moon motion if the moon diameter is changed from its value 3475 km to be 6000 km?) in answer for this question- shortly- NO Change- the physicist theory about the moon motion has no change when the moon diameter 3475 km will be 6000 km because the physicist theory doesn't take into account this diameter at all – here is the problem- that gives the big bang the chance to create its imaginary idea 
Please note- the big bang didn't tell us how is the matter created? means- the historical ideas cant reach to the matter origin nor can define the matter nature
(3)
My planet diameter equation gives a new definition for matter nature and creation- Why?? because it tells (Planet diameter is created based on it velocity?) means planet motion is defined before this planet creation! this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation but how that can be possible?
(4)
Matter definition
Matter and space are created from the same one energy and both move with the motion of this energy from which they are created- but- the matter creates for itself a distinguish form and moves by different velocity from the space motion (notice the gravitational waves prove the space has motion and not static).
This is similar to the sea of water- the space is similar to the sea of water and the matter is similar to a whirlpool (vortex) found on the sea page-
The whirlpool (vortex) is created by the sea water and it's carried by the sea water motion- spite of that- the whirlpool is different in its form from the sea waves – also the whirlpool moves by different velocity from the sea waves motion velocity- this example gives explanation for the matter definition- the matter is similar perfectly to the whirlpool on the sea page- it's created by the sea water motion but it has a distinguish form and different velocity from the sea waves-
Also
The whirlpool dimensions depend on the sea water motion features- for example – we have a whirlpool its diameter is 2 meters, this diameter is formed by the sea water motion features (the water velocity- amount-pressure -……etc) that tells the whirlpool is found later after the sea creation- and the water motion is found before the whirlpool creation- this meaning is a fact for the matter creation and dimensions- the matter dimensions are created based on this matter motion- means- the motion is defined before the matter creation- this is proved by my planet diameter equation- the equation tells (for example) Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s- the whirlpool idea explains how the planet matter data is defined based on its motion- because- the original energy was found in motion at first and the planet matter is created from this moving original energy and the planet matter dimensions are defined by this original energy motion features- after the planet creation, the planet moves with this original energy motion means the planet moves this same motion based on which the planet data is created that's why the planet data is in full harmony with the planet motion features- also the idea shows planet motion reason- again-No planet moves by the sun gravity- Newton is wrong- because planet creation and motion are done by one force only otherwise this planet would be broken if two forces have effects on it- here we see the planet motion reason- the planet moves with the original energy from which this planet is created     
Planet velocity equation (My 5th  equation)
Planet velocity definition is important point of study because many planet data is defined based on its velocity- specifically
Planet diameter is defined by the rate (v1/v2) by my planet diameter equation –and
Planet orbital distance is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^2 –and
Planet orbital period is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^3
Please note – Kepler stated (Planet orbit defines its velocity) and it's fact proved by the planets data – but Newton stated Planet motion depends on its mass- this is NOT Fact and Planet velocity is defined without any effect of its mass as the data shows
Let's ask - How Is Planet Velocity Defined?
Planet velocity is defined by Five Rules let's see them in following
(i) First Rule 
v1v2 = constant= 322  (my 5th equation)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Mercury velocity)                    =322
35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                   =322
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2     =322
24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)           =322 (Max error 2%)
The rule (v1v2=322) tells the velocities are defined in pairs and not individually, each planet velocity has its own complementary- the rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- the reflection of energy and data is discussed later. 
In this rule we interest for the constant (322)- let's ask- why the constant = 322? 
The constant 322 depends on the speed 1.16 million km per second because
(1160000 seconds = 322 hours) - Means
Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in 6.8 hours a distance = 1.16 million km and
Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves in 47.4 hours a distance   = 1.16 million km
Shortly -we realize that the constant 322 is produced based on the speed 1.16 million km per second- means- the planets velocities are complementary each other because they are defined as functions in this same speed 1.16 million km per second
(This is similar to electron and positron are produced from Gamma ray, The two particles depend on Gamma energy in their masses)
Based On This Data
I concluded there's a light beam its speed 1.16 million km per second and from this light beam energy the solar system is created- and the planets velocities are defined as functions in this speed 1.16 million km per second and that causes the velocities to be complementary each other-
(Note the speed 1.16 million km per second is proved strongly in my paper)
(ii) Second Rule 
v1v2 = 1
The velocity here uses the solar day (86400 seconds) – let's prove that-
Mercury moves per solar day           = 4.095 million km
Venus moves per solar day               = 3.024 million km
The Earth moves per solar day                  = 2.574 million km
The Moon moves per solar day                  = 2.4 million km
Mars moves per solar day                = 2.082 million km
Jupiter moves per solar day              = 1.1318 million km
Saturn moves per solar day              = 0.838 million km
Uranus moves per solar day             = 0.5875 million km
Neptune moves per solar day           = 0.4665 million km
Pluto moves per solar day                = 0.406 million km
AND
0.406 (Pluto velocity)              x 2.4 (the moon velocity)             = 1         (error 2.5%)
0.4665 (Neptune velocity)       x 2.082 (Mars velocity)               = 1          (error 2.5%)
0.5875 (Uranus velocity)                  x 3.024 (Venus velocity)/1.772   = 1 (error 2.5%)
0.838 (Saturn velocity)            x 1.1318 (Jupiter velocity)         = 1 (error 5%)
(1.772 = π^1/2)
The second rule tells very similar meaning (v1v2= constant= 1)
The data uses the velocities per solar day for that the constant is changed from 322 into 1 but the rule is the same- (v1v2= Constant)
I want to say- the rule (v1v2 = Constant) tells that (The Velocities Are Reflected On Each Other) this conclusion is simple one (A x 1/A= constant=1)  
The rule proves the energy is reflected in the solar system and this reflection has effect on the planets data and for that the planets velocities are defined by this energy  reflection and the velocities are produced complementary each other as a result.
Notice the second rule causes confusion because the complementary player is changed- for example Pluto is complementary with Venus (in the first rule 35 x 4.7 x 2 = 322) but Pluto is complementary with the Earth moon in the second rule (0.406 x 2.4 = 1) that tells the players are changed which is illogical idea- how can we solve this problem? The third rule solves it – let's see this rule in following 
(iii) Third Rule 
v1/v2 = 0.8 (based on the planets order)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 (35 km/s = Venus velocity error 7.25%)
35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 0.8   = 27.78 (The moon velocity)
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 0.8   = 24.1 (Mars velocity)                          (error 1%)
24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 0.8   = 2 x 9.7 (Saturn velocity)
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)     x 0.8   = 2 x 5.4 (Neptune velocity)       (error 3%)
6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)      x 0.8   = 5.4 (Neptune velocity)
5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity)    x 0.8   = 4.3 (Pluto velocity 4.7 the error 7.25%)
Please note
The error 7.25 is found by the rate 1.0725 – that means
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 = 1.0725 x 35 km/s (Venus velocity)
5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 0.8     = 4.3= 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) / 1.0725
29.8 km/s (Earth velocity)                = 27.78 km/s (The moon velocity) x 1.0725
We know the rate 1.0725 is found by Lorentz length contraction effect- and we know this rate has effect on around 40% of all planets data – that's why we see this rate has effect on the planets velocities definition-
Let's remember the question-
In the rule (v1v2=322) we found that Pluto is complementary with Venus because
4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 2 = 322
But in the rule (v1v2 =1) we found Pluto is complementary with the moon because
0.406 mkm (Pluto Velocity Daily) x 2.4 mkm (The Moon Velocity Daily) = 1
The question asked – if the planets velocities are defined in pairs complementary each other and not individually how can the players be changed? 
The answer tells – the planets velocities are rated by (0.8) based on the planets order means – the moon velocity daily 2.4 mkm = Venus velocity daily 3.024 mkm x 0.8
The rate (0.8) defines all planets velocities depend on each other by order-
Now let's see Planet velocity final definition– because- the definition uses three planets velocities together and not only two – let's put that clearly in following-
 (iv) The Planet Velocity Final Definition
 (A)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8 = 38 km/s (Venus velocity 35 km/s)
Venus moves per solar day 3.024 million km -But
1/3.024 = 0.3307 million km = Uranus moves per solar day 0.5875 million km /1.77
(note 1.77 = π^1/2) and (38 = 35 x 1.0725)
For that
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) = 322
(B)
35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 0.8 = 27.78 km/s (The Moon velocity)
The moon moves per solar day 2.4 million km -But
1/2.4 = 0.406 million km = Pluto moves per solar day 0.406 million km
For that
35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2 = 322
(C)
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 0.8 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)
Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km -But
1/2.082 = 0.4665 million km = Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km
For that
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2 = 322
(D)
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 0.8= 2 x 5.24km/s (Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s error 3%)
Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km - But
1/0.4665 = 2.082 million km = Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km
For that
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) = 322
Shortly
Three planets velocities are defined in each equation- that tells the planet velocity definition is a process more complex than the simple equation (v1v2= constant)
Notice
The 9 planets velocities total is 176 km/s – if we add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) the total will be 205.8 km/s
The planets velocities are complementary also for this velocity 205.8 km/s – let's see
205.8 km/s = Mercury velocity (47.4 km/s) x Pluto velocity (4.7 km/s) / 1.0725
205.8 km/s = Venus velocity (35 km/s)     x Neptune velocity (5.4 km/s) x 1.0725
205.8 km/s = Earth velocity (29.8 km/s)   x Uranus velocity (6.8 km/s)
205.8 km/s = Jupiter velocity (13.1 km/s)          x Neptune velocity (5.4 km/s) x 3
Mercury velocity = 2 Mars velocity by that Pluto will be used for Mars also
Max error (3%)
Please Note- Saturn is exceptional because
205.8 km/s = 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) x 21.4
Where 21.4 hours = 2 x 10.7 hours (Saturn rotation period) -Means- the distance is passed by all planets motions in one hour equal the distance is passed by Saturn in 2 rotation periods (21.4 hours) that tells more analysis is required for Saturn velocity- as we should do later.
A QUESTION
(Why Is The Rate (0.8) Used To Define Each Planet Velocity Based On Its neighbor?) Kepler stated (Planet orbit defines its velocity) and
My planet orbital distance equation proves each planet orbit is defined based on its neighbor – means- my equation uses only 2 neighbor planets orbital distances
Here also-Planet velocity is defined based on its neighbor – means- this connection enabled Kepler to conclude his statement (Planet orbit defines its velocity)
But Why The Rate (0.8)??
The rate (0.8) is found by the energy reflection effect on Planets velocities definition, for that we analyze the energy reflection process deeply in the paper discussion
(v) Fourth Rule 
5.9 x 0.8 = 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) BUT (5.9)^2 = 35 km/s (Venus velocity)
And
6.8 x 0.8 = 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) BUT (6.8)^2 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity)
And
8.5 x 0.8 = 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) BUT (8.5)^2 = 2 x 35 km/s
And
12.12 x 0.8 = 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) BUT (12.12)^2 = 3 x 47.4 km/s And
16.4 x 0.8 = 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) BUT (16.4)^2 = 9 x 29.8 km/s (Earth velocity)
Discussion
The data shows, the inner planets velocities are defined based on the outer planets velocities- that explains how the rules (v1v2=constant) is created
The data is produced by the reflection of energy and that shows why the planets velocities are reflected on each other-
(vi) Fifth Rule   (Pluto Velocity Analysis)
DATA
4.7 km /s (Pluto velocity)        = 3/2 (π) km /s
And
5.4 km /s (Neptune velocity) x 4.7 km /s (Pluto velocity) = 8π
And
π x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)          = 4 x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity)
And
4 x (4.7)^2 = 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)
And
(4.7)^3 = 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) x 2 = (205.8/2)
205.8 = the 9 planets velocities total + the Earth moon velocity
Discussion
The data shows a real puzzle- because- Pluto velocity can't be defined simply by some simple rules –even the previous 4 rules can't define this velocity-
The data shows- The planet velocity is defined by very complex rule more strong than the previous 4 rules (Specifically Pluto velocity) 
I want to say- the designer has a reason to define Pluto velocity by some complex system- the planets motions interactions causes this complex system-
The next data can explain better this meaning
More Data
13.1 km/s x 29.8 km/s x 142984      = 47.4 km/s x 9.7 km/s x 120536
13.1 km/s x 9.7 km/s x 142984                  = 5.4 km/s x 27.8 km/s x 120536
9.7 km/s x 5.4 km/s x 142984                    = 4.7 km/s x 13.1 km/s x 120536
13.1, 29.8, 47.4 km/s are the velocities of Jupiter, The Earth, Mercury respectively
9.7, 5.4, 27.8 km/s are the velocities of Saturn, Neptune, The Moon respectively
4.7 km/s = Pluto velocity
142984 km = Jupiter diameter and 120536 km = Saturn diameter
The data tells the planets velocities are defined by real complex system
(vii) Planet Orbital Inclination Definition
DATA
(Mercury velocity 47.4 km/s) = (Uranus velocity 6.8 km/s)    x 7
(Mercury orbital inclination = 7 degrees)
(The Moon velocity 27.8 km/s) = (Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s)         x 5.1
(The Moon orbital inclination = 5.1 degrees)
(Mars velocity 24.1 km/s)       = (Saturn velocity 9.7 km/s)    x 2.5
(Saturn orbital inclination = 2.5 degrees)
(Mars velocity 24.1 km/s)       = (Jupiter velocity 13.1 km/s) x 1.9
(Mars orbital inclination = 1.9 degrees)
(Venus velocity 35 km/s)         = (Jupiter velocity 13.1 km/s) x 1.3 x 2
(Jupiter orbital inclination = 1.3 degrees)
(Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s)    = (Uranus velocity 6.8 km/s)   x 0.8
(Uranus orbital inclination = 0.8 degrees)
(Saturn velocity 9.7 km/s)       = (Neptune velocity 6.8 km/s)           x 1.8
(Neptune orbital inclination = 1.8 degrees)
Discussion  The data shows that the planet orbital inclination is defined as a rate between two velocities- but- not no clear rule which planet velocity is used- for example Mercury uses the rule (v1v2=constant because 47.4 x 6.8 = 322 and v1/v2= 47.4/6.8 = 7)
this rule is used almost for the inner planets- but- the outer planets orbital inclinations don't follow this rule- because Neptune is complementary with the Earth but Neptune velocity is used with Uranus and Saturn to define Uranus and Neptune orbital inclinations- means- the rule (v1/v2 = inclination) is used for the inner planets but the outer planets use another rate and almost their orbital inclinations are created based on the rate (v1/v2) defined by my planet diameter equation- 
(viii) The Sun Is Created After All Planets Creation And Motion  
Let's remember the rule (v1v2= constant =322)
322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)
322 = 35 km/s  (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                 (error 2%)
322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2      
322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)                          (error 2%)
322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity)
We realize the planets velocities are created in (pairs) and not in single- 
Now let's ask (Can We Add One More Planet In The Solar Group?)
Let's imagine we create a new planet and put it after Pluto
(1)
The New Planet Supposed Orbital Distance Is =7000 million km
What's this new planet velocity? we define it by kepler law, its velocity is 4.3 km/s
This planet motion distance per solar day =0.373 million km and its orbital period is 116300 solar days –
Now– what's its complementary planet by of the rule (v1v2= constant =322),
(322 =4.3 x 75), means, the planet complementary velocity is 75 km/s   
Where can we find a planet its velocity 75 km/s? this planet must be in the distance between the Sun and Mercury –
This planet orbital distance would be 23.2 million km where
(57.9/23.2) = (75/47.4)^2 where
(57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance) and (47.4 km/s = Mercury velocity)
Shortly – to add one more planet after Pluto that forces us to put a complementary planet between Mercury and the Sun- clearly this is a complex process because the distance between the Sun and Mercury is short and no planet can be added in it!
The conclusion– No New Planet Can Be Added In The Solar System  
But how the found planets are added? Shortly- The Sun is created after all planets creation and motion- means – after all planets be on their orbits the Sun is created- means- technically-  the Sun existence prevents to add any more planet to the solar system and also the sun prevents any planet to change its orbit – that proves the sun is created after all planets creation and motion.
Notice- Mars original orbit was between Venus and Mercury and Mars had migrated to its current orbit behind the Earth (before the sun creation), but, because of the sun existence Mars couldn't return to its original orbit- that proves- Mars is found before the sun creation- and that supports the conclusion tells (the sun is created after all planets creation and motion) Mars Migration is proved in point no. (**)
(ix) Can A Motion By Speed Of Light Be Found In The Solar System? 
300000 = (205.8)^2 x 7.1 where
The 9 planets velocities total 176 km/s and I add the Earth moon velocity 29.8 km/s the total be 205.8 km/s - the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) proves the fact.
7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect produced by speed 99% of speed of light-
Shortly
The unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is defined as a function in the speed of light (300000 km/s) and that explains how the unified wave moves by this speed because the unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s and the reflection of energy causes to square the velocity to be (205.8 km/s)^2 and by Lorentz length contraction effect (7.1) the velocity be equal 300000 km/s (speed of light) explaining that the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is defined as a function in the speed of light
ALSO
The previous data refers to the use of the rates of time- where
The unified wave (205.8 km/s) moves in 1461 seconds a distance 300000 km while One Second of The Sun Clock = 1461 Seconds of The Wave Clock
Means- The unified wave passes 300000 km in 1461 seconds but the Sun clock sees this period (1461seconds) as (one second only) and by that the sun sees a distance 300000 km is passed in one second producing speed = 300000 km/s (speed of light)
That explains how the gravitational wave can move by speed of light in the solar system.
PLANET VELOCITY GENERAL DISCUSSION
Planet velocity is defined by many rules but all of them tell two basic information
(1) NO planet mass is used to define any planet velocity or motion
(2) Planet velocity is defined based on the rule (v1v2=Constant) means each planet velocity is defined complementary to another planet velocity- means- the planets velocities are defined in pairs and not individual which proves (Planet Motion Can NOT Be Independent From The Other Planets Motions)
(3) Planet velocity proves the energy is reflected in the solar system and because of that the planets data is reflected on each other and that causes the planets velocities to be reflected on each other
(2) The Research Question
How can we define Planet motion energy? the question asks simply (Where's Planet Motion Energy?)- this is a difficult question for the physicist and disproves many basic theories in the physics book - let's show that in following
Where's Planet Motion Energy?
Any moving body produces motion energy (1/2 mv^2), means, planet motion also produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this motion energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see the picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)-
This analysis creates three major difficulties for the physics book – let's see them
First Difficulty
This analysis tells the space has moving waves are produced by planets motions – But- the scientists discovered the gravitational waves and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field- I prove the sun doesn’t produce a gravitational field and has no massive gravity and no planet moves by the sun gravity – But- here we need to answer (from what source these waves are produced?) because planet motion energy has no place to store in except the space -means- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field- shortly- even if there's no gravitational field at all- there's a reason to find waves in the space and these waves are produced by the planet motions energies 
that put the question (from what source the gravitational waves are produced?)
I prove the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field (even if found)
Second Difficulty
The analysis tells planet motion energy is stored in the space as moving waves- and the planets move since long periods of time and their motions energies are stored during these long periods of time- means- the planets motions energies total during these long periods must cause to store massive motion energy in the space- now let's ask-where's this stored massive energy? also the energy can NOT be stored in the space forever-so what's happening for this massive stored energy? I prove the sun rays are created from this massive stored energy but regardless my theory in all cases we should find how this massive stored energy be used because it can cause a risk for the solar system stability and in fact can cause an explosion in the solar system 
The problem here is that- massive motion energy is stored in the space but no one knows where's this energy and how is it used?
Third Difficulty - Newton Mass gravity definition is wrong- let's explain why 
Suppose the moon moves by the Earth mass gravity and we know the moon motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) now let's ask- from what source the moon motion energy is provided? What's the moon motion reason? The mass gravity- means- the mass should provide the motion energy- that means – if The moon moves by the Earth mass gravity that necessitates to decrease the masses of the Earth and the moon by the motion energy- here's the problem- Any Motion Is Done By Mass Gravity Will Cause To Decrease This Mass-  this decrease is done because of the motion energy
The analysis tells us–the physicist supposes planet motion produces NO energy this is the only one solution for the problems created by the physicist neglect to observe planet motion energy- NOTICE Mass gravity is a fact- it's a bond between two masses – for example- the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity – so if some force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with The Earth- in this case the force causes the Earth to move will provide its motion energy and the moon motion energy also  - shortly – Mass gravity can't cause any motion-
 (3) The Research Argument
The physicist vision contradicts the nature system let's prove that 
The Physicist Vision
The physicist supposes there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the mass (for example) as wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and for that the physicist searched for this (unit) because it's (the building unit) 
As a result the physicist divided the matter into particles then the particle is divided into Molecules then the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc
The physicist searches for the building unit- for that - the physicist divides (any thing) to see its contents till reach to the unit which can be used as the building unit. 
The Nature System Vision
The Nature designer aims to create integration- as the marriage – male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child- INTEGRATION this is the word inside the designer Mind- No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one is better– both work together and give equal effects on the same one process and give together one result- I explain the idea by the marriage because it's easy to understand- I want to put the word (Integration) as the basic concept in the designer mind- AND - I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method while the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which the physicist considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process- Shortly- the physicist sees a universe (never be created by the designer)- while the designer created the integration is a goal and created tools to perform this goal (the integration) the physicist destroyed the tools and removed the integration tools while he searched for the building unit which is not found at all – that explains why the physics book is filled with imaginary ideas
NOTICE Another point shows the physicist wrong vision is (The Planet Motion)
While the solar planets move as gears in one machine and all planets motions are unified into one unified general motion- means- all planets motions are unified and produce one result only (one unified motion)- the physicist supposed each planet motion is independent-by that- in place of one machine of gears moves and produces one unified motion (one result) the physicist told us each planet motion is independent and no unification can be done for the planets motions –here – one more time the physicist sees very different picture from the real one- in place of one hand has five fingers the physicist sees five independent moving fingers
(4) The Research Methodology
I use the planets data analysis to discover the planets creation and motion facts–
In details- I try to discover how the planet get its data- for example – why Jupiter diameter is 142984 km? why Neptune axel tilt is 28.3 deg? why Pluto orbital period is 90560 days? This method helps greatly to discover the solar system facts let's provide two examples to explain how this method works
Example No. (1)
Why Is The Moon Orbital Apogee Radius = 406000 Km?
The moon daily displacement =88000 km and during 29.53 days (the moon day period) the displacements total be = 2.598 million km = 2π x 413600 km
The data tells us the moon orbital apogee radius should be 413600 km and also it tells, because the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is so long, the moon should revolve around the Earth through this apogee orbit its radius (413600 km) only and can't revolve around the Earth through any more near orbit…
Not Facts
The moon orbital apogee radius =406000 km only and the moon revolves around the Earth through near orbits and can reach to perigee radius (363000 km). 
How Can The Moon Do That?
 
The intelligent moon creates an angle (θ) between its motion direction and its orbit horizontal level by that the real displacement (L) through the orbit be less than (88000 km) because it be (L = 88000 km cos θ), as a result the total displacements be less than (2.598 million km) and that makes the moon orbital apogee radius to be decreased from 413600 km to 406000 km.
We should pay attention for the angle (θ), because this angle controls the moon motion features – where- with the angle (θ) increasing the real displacement (L) be shorter and the moon can revolve around the Earth through more near orbits – but –with the angle (θ) deceasing the real displacement (L) be longer and that pushes the moon far from the Earth to more far orbits- The moon orbital motion depends on this angle (θ) it tells θ1 = θ0 +1.7 where (θ1) = today angle and (θ0) =yesterday angle
1.7 degrees be used as the moon daily motion degrees for the equation
Example No. (2)
Can Mars Itself Cause The Earth Moon Creation?
Giant-impact hypothesis tells (NO) – but let's see the planets data analysis   
I Suppose - Mars Original Orbit Was Between Mercury And Venus
The order (Mercury – Mars – Venus – Earth) shows correct order in planets diameters, and orbital distances (and masses)- BUT – Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) to its current one (227.9 million km) and Mars had collided with Venus and then with the Earth in its migration motion – and Mars itself has caused the Earth moon creation- My Mars Migration Theory answers many left questions by Giant-Impact Hypothesis – for example -
Why Does Venus Have No Moon? Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) – and moved to its current orbit (227.9 million km) – BUT- Mars had moved by a force – and then Mars had collided with Venus –and Mars had pushed ALL DEBRIS with it in its Motion Direction because of its strong motion - Venus had found no debris around and for that Venus couldn't create its moon –But – The Earth mass is greater than Venus' and the debris lost some of their momentum for that the Earth could attracted some debris and created its moon-Mars has 2 moons and this fact supports my theory because Mars with small mass could attract two  moons because the debris were around it while Venus has greater mass but couldn't create its own moon because the debris are moved with Mars motion- the rest debris are attracted by Jupiter gravity and created the asteroid belt 
(5) The Research Discovery
The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field – moreover there's no gravitational field – let's prove that
5-1 Planet Motion Energy Analysis  (revision)
5-2 Planet Motion Energy Trajectory
5-3 The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field
5-4 The Gravitational Waves Reflection
5-5 The Gravitational Waves Can Move By speed of light (C=300000 km/s)
5-6 The Solar System Has Relativistic Effects Proving The High Speed Motion Existence In It
5-1 Planet Motion Energy Analysis  (revision)
Let's remember this analysis in following 
Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see the picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)-
5-2 Planet Motion Energy Trajectory
The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)
AND 
In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total (where The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit) 
Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) – Means
The planets motions energies are unified into unified wave and this wave moves by velocity (205.8 km/s) - Shortly- while the planets revolve around the sun, there's one unified wave revolves around the sun and moves by velocity 205.8 km/s 
This unified wave is the gravitational waves
The question is
The scientists discovered waves in the space and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field but why?? because planet motion energy analysis proves the motion energy must be stored in the space as moving waves- so the discovered waves  are created by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field – also let's prove the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field to support my theory
5-3 The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field
The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following
(i)
The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- 
(ii)
No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-
Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered  in the discussions.  
(iii)
The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-
(iv)
The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- we have studied this equation before (planet orbital distance equation – my 1st equation)
(v)
Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- planet velocity definition is done by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in planet velocity definition
5-4 The Gravitational Waves Reflection
(1)
The gravitational waves reflection is proved by many powerful proves- one of them is (Planets data reflection on one another) as we have seen in planet velocity definition (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on one another
In fact- the waves reflection prove the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field because the wave reflection causes to reflect the planets data on one another-this fact is important to be understood-
The planets can't be reflected on each other because The reflection is a feature of waves and not planets– spite of that- Planets data is reflected on each other – how can that be possible? This dilemma is solved by the waves reflection- because – the waves reflection causes to reflect the energy and that causes to reflect the planet data for that the planets data analysis proves strongly the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field
This fact is proved strongly and crucially by planets data analysis in item no. (**)
(2)
The waves reflection cause to square the wave velocity- this fact also is important because by this method the waves (the gravitational waves) can move by speed of light- the next point explains that
5-5 The Gravitational Waves Can Move By speed of light (C=300000 km/s)
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam-
I claim the gravitational waves are the unified wave moves by velocity (205.8 km/s), but the waves reflection causes to square the gravitational waves velocity and by that the gravitational waves can move by speed of light, means, the gravitational waves velocity is 205.8 km/s but this velocity is accelerated to be equal the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) as a result for the wave reflection- let's see how can that be possible
300000 km =7.1 x (205.8)^2
Where - 205.8 km/s = the unified wave velocity – And - 7.1 is Lorentz Length Contraction Effect (for a velocity 297000 km/s = 0.99 speed of  light)
The unified wave reflection causes to square the wave velocity – means-  the unified wave velocity is (205.8 km/s) and the wave reflection causes to square this velocity and produce the value (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 BUT - Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) causes to increase the distance 42683 km to be (7.1 x42683 = 300000 km) and by that- the wave velocity (205.8km/s) is accelerated and be equal the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) by the wave reflection effect
The rate (7.1) increases the distance in place of the contraction because the wave reflection cause to reflect of the geometrical effects- more proves in item no. (**)
5-6 The Solar System Has Relativistic Effects Prove The High Speed Motion
The velocity 297000 km (=99% of speed of light) causes Lorentz length contraction effect with a rate (7.1)- BUT- this rate is used with modification
(7.1/100) + 1 = 1.0725 - this is the rate proves the relativistic effects- because
This rate controls more than 40% Of All Data in the solar system – as the following data proves- no explanation for it except Lorentz length contraction effect-  
DATA No. (1) 
(243/224.7) = (29.53/27.3) = (27.3/25.4)= 1.0725 –where
243 days     = Venus Rotation Period  
224.7 days = Venus Orbital Period  
27.3 days    = The Moon Orbital Period  
29.53 days = The Moon Day Period  
25.4 days    = The Sun Rotation Period (At Equator)   
The data shows the consistency between Venus and the moon cycles periods
DATA No. (2) 
(778.6/721)= (721/670)= (670/629)=(1433/1325)=(1284/1205)= (2872/2644)= 1.0725
These are distances measured in millions km – let's define them
778.6, 721, 670 and 629 are the distances between Jupiter and the sun, Mercury, Venus and the Earth respectively.
1433, 1325, 1284, 1025 are the distances between Saturn and the sun, Venus, the Earth and Mars respectively.
2872 and 2644 are the distances between Uranus and the sun and Mars respectively.
Around (40%) of all distances in the solar system are rated with the rate (1.0725)
DATA No. (3) 
629 million km (The Earth Jupiter distance)= (1.0725)^2 x 551 million km (Jupiter Mars Distance)
4495.1 million km (Neptune Orbital Distance) =1.0725 x 2 x 2094 million km (Jupiter Uranus Distance)
5906 million km (Pluto Orbital Distance) = (1.0725)^2 x 5127 million km (Jupiter Pluto Distance)
5127 million km (Jupiter Pluto Distance)= (1.0725)^2 x 4437 million km (Mercury Neptune Distance)
2.574 million km (Earth motion distance daily) = 1.0725 x 2.4 million km (TheMoon Orbital Circumference)
DATA No. (4) 
(28.3/26.7)=(26.7/25.2)= (25.2/23.4)=(122.5/113.4)=(97.8/91.3)= 1.0725
The values (28.3 degrees, 26.7 degrees, 25.2 degrees, 23.4 degrees) are the axial tilts of (Neptune, Saturn, Mars and the Earth)  respectively – The values (122.5 degrees, 97.8 degrees) are the axial tilts of Pluto and Uranus-113.4 degrees =90 deg +23.4 deg and 91.3 deg =90 deg+ 1.3 deg (Jupiter orbital inclination)
(6) The Research Hypothesis
The Sun Is NOT Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays- Instead - The Planets Motions Energies Total Is Used To Produce The Sun Rays- That's Why The Sun Can Not Be Created Before The Planets Creation And Motion   
In Fact- The Sun Is A Phenomenon- created by the planets motions- means- The Planets were created and moving in their orbits before the sun creation- the planets were revolving around a point in space for a long period of time before the sun creation and the sun is created and put on this point around which the planets revolve-
NOW Let's Ask    How can that be possible?
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose the sun rays is created by this method
Means- the sun is Not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the sun rays is created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states - AND
I proved the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field- that shows the sun rays are created by the planets motions energies which are stored in the space in moving waves (gravitational waves)   
6-1 How Can Planet Motion Energy (Small Energy) Be Used To Produce The Sun Rays?
The planets motions use different rates of time- for example
(One Solar Day Of The Sun Clock=365.25 Solar Days Of The Earth Clock) why?
Because by this rate, the Earth motion energy total for one compete year can be used by the sun in one solar day only- 
In fact all planets motions energies total in 365.25 days can be used in one solar day by the sun- by this method the planets small motions energies can be accumulated and stored to be massive energy sufficient to produce the sun rays
Please note- this is a small rate of time- the greater one is
(One Solar Day Of The Sun Clock=1461 Solar Days Of The Wave Clock)
We know the unified wave velocity 205.8 km/s and in 1461 seconds the wave moves 300000 km but the sun clock doesn't see the period (1461 seconds) instead it sees only (one second) by that the wave moves by (speed of light relative to the sun point of space)
Also please note- this rate (1 =1461) enables the wave to move by speed of light relative to the sun but can NOT produce a light beam- the light beam production needs the rate (1=1461^2) –let's explain why in the next point
6-2 If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light – How Can It Produce A Light Beam?
It's simple question to answer
The unified wave (gravitational wave) moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)– but- the light beam can be produced by the value (C^2= squared speed of light)-
Now- we know the gravitational waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the wave velocity - Here we see what's happening
The unified wave (gravitational wave) moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)– and it's reflected that causes to square the wave velocity means the speed of light is squared and produced the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- and from this value the light beam is created –
In fact – The Light Beam Can Not Be Created Without The Wave Reflection- 
Means if the waves are not reflected in the solar system the sun can Never be Created
6-3 Why Is The Sun Nuclear Fusion Theory Wrong?
Let's remember
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose the sun rays is created by this method
Here we see major changes in the sun rays production visions – let's compare them
(i)
The sun nuclear fusion theory tells – the source of energy is the sun mass and the light production method is the nuclear fusion process – but the theory can't solve the problem of the sun corona temperature (5 million Kelvin) while the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin only – if the energy is produced by the sun mass how the outer energy can be so higher than the inner energy?
(ii)
My theory tells- the source of energy is the gravitational waves motions energies and the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- means- the sun rays is created from the planets motions energies total – this is the source of energy
And
The light beam production method is The Relative Motion- means- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space by different velocity = speed of light =C=300000 km/s and this wave is reflected which caused to square its speed and produced the value (C^2= squared speed of light) as different velocity between the sun point and the unified wave motions- means- the relative motion is the method by which the sun rays is created –
Please note- the article tells this fact-because it tells the gravitational waves can produce a light beam–by what method? By the gravitational waves motions- Shortly- the sun is the stationary point in the solar system and all motions are done relative to the sun point for that the gravitational waves move by speed of light relative to the sun point and when the wave is reflected and its speed is squared this is done for the different velocity between this wave and the sun motions by that the different velocity be (C^2= squared speed of light) that's why the light beam is created in the sun (in the sun corona and that causes the energy out of the sun to be so greater than the energy inside the sun because the energy comes from out of the sun and not from the sun body)
(7) The Solar System Description Refutation
The solar system general description is wrong in major facts which are
(1)
The sun is created by the planets motions BUT the solar system general description supposed the sun caused the planets motions
(2)
The planets motions are unified into one unified motion- means- the solar planets motions are unified and produces one unified motion (one result) BUT the solar system general description supposes each planet motion is independent from the other planets motions (means in place of one machine of gears produce one motion the physicist sees the planets motions are independent and different from each other) 
(3)
The solar system is created from one energy which caused the creation and motion of all planets and their distances BUT the solar system general description supposes each planet creation is independent from the others
(4)
The matter is created depending on its motion- means- the motion is defined before the matter creation- and the matter data is defined based on this motion BUT the solar system general description supposes the matter is found regardless any motion because it's the basic of the universe
(5)
The major point here is that-the motion is the universe cornerstone BUT the solar system general description supposes the matter (mass) is the universe cornerstone
(8) The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves The Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies (CONT)
Please read my paper
The Sun Can NOT Be Created Before The Planets Creation
or
or
or
and
A Great Gap Between The Physics Book And The Solar System Facts
or
thanks
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Physics Department-  Physics & Mathematics  Faculty 
Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow  
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wayti-blog · 7 months ago
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Abstract
"The statistical analysis of the impact of the top 50 X-class solar flares (1997–2024) on global seismic activity as well as on the earthquake preparation zones located in the illuminated part of the globe and in an area of 5000 km around the subsolar point was carried out. It is shown by a method of epoch superposition that for all cases, an increase in seismicity is observed, especially in the region around the subsolar point (up to 33%) during the 10 days after the solar flare in comparison with the preceding 10 days. The case study of the aftershock sequence of a strong Mw = 9.1 earthquake (Sumatra–Andaman Islands, 26 December 2004) after the solar flare of X10.16 class (20 January 2005) demonstrated that the number of aftershocks with a magnitude of Mw ≥ 2.5 increases more than 17 times after the solar flare with a delay of 7–8 days. For the case of the Darfield earthquake (Mw = 7.1, 3 September 2010, New Zealand), it was shown that X-class solar flares and M probably triggered two strong aftershocks (Mw = 6.1 and Mw = 5.9) with the same delay of 6 days on the Port Hills fault, which is the most sensitive to external electromagnetic impact from the point of view of the fault electrical conductivity and orientation. Based on the obtained results, the possible application of natural electromagnetic triggering of earthquakes is discussed for the earthquake forecast using confidently recorded strong external electromagnetic triggering impacts on the specific earthquake preparation zones, as well as ionospheric perturbations due to aerosol emission from the earthquake sources recorded by satellites."
continue reading
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grandpriestofthealpaca · 1 year ago
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Fun fact the tides are not only the waters, every thing will be attracted making the ground a bit higher (less higher than water because it is denser) on an high tide especially if it's a full moon or a supermoon (when moon big)
This is in part why we believed the moon was magically affecting things, planting seeds on a full moon gives them easier access to water so more crops growing and this was noticed but it couldn't be explained so it was extrapolated to other stuff
as a child being told "the moon controls the tides" with no additional explanation was like. oh okay. you want me to believe in magic? you're talking about magic right now? okay. fine
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asgardian--angels · 17 days ago
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Planet's Fucked: What Can You Do To Help? (Long Post)
Since nobody is talking about the existential threat to the climate and the environment a second Trump term/Republican government control will cause, which to me supersedes literally every other issue, I wanted to just say my two cents, and some things you can do to help. I am a conservation biologist, whose field was hit substantially by the first Trump presidency. I study wild bees, birds, and plants.
In case anyone forgot what he did last time, he gagged scientists' ability to talk about climate change, he tried zeroing budgets for agencies like the NOAA, he attempted to gut protections in the Endangered Species Act (mainly by redefining 'take' in a way that would allow corporations to destroy habitat of imperiled species with no ramifications), he tried to do the same for the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (the law that offers official protection for native non-game birds), he sought to expand oil and coal extraction from federal protected lands, he shrunk the size of multiple national preserves, HE PULLED US OUT OF THE PARIS CLIMATE AGREEMENT, and more.
We are at a crucial tipping point in being able to slow the pace of climate change, where we decide what emissions scenario we will operate at, with existential consequences for both the environment and people. We are also in the middle of the Sixth Mass Extinction, with the rate of species extinctions far surpassing background rates due completely to human actions. What we do now will determine the fate of the environment for hundreds or thousands of years - from our ability to grow key food crops (goodbye corn belt! I hated you anyway but), to the pressure on coastal communities that will face the brunt of sea level rise and intensifying extreme weather events, to desertification, ocean acidification, wildfires, melting permafrost (yay, outbreaks of deadly frozen viruses!), and a breaking down of ecosystems and ecosystem services due to continued habitat loss and species declines, especially insect declines. The fact that the environment is clearly a low priority issue despite the very real existential threat to so many people, is beyond my ability to understand. I do partly blame the public education system for offering no mandatory environmental science curriculum or any at all in most places. What it means is that it will take the support of everyone who does care to make any amount of difference in this steeply uphill battle.
There are not enough environmental scientists to solve these issues, not if public support is not on our side and the majority of the general public is either uninformed or actively hostile towards climate science (or any conservation science).
So what can you, my fellow Americans, do to help mitigate and minimize the inevitable damage that lay ahead?
I'm not going to tell you to recycle more or take shorter showers. I'll be honest, that stuff is a drop in the bucket. What does matter on the individual level is restoring and protecting habitat, reducing threats to at-risk species, reducing pesticide use, improving agricultural practices, and pushing for policy changes. Restoring CONNECTIVITY to our landscape - corridors of contiguous habitat - will make all the difference for wildlife to be able to survive a changing climate and continued human population expansion.
**Caveat that I work in the northeast with pollinators and birds so I cannot provide specific organizations for some topics, including climate change focused NGOs. Scientists on tumblr who specialize in other fields, please add your own recommended resources. **
We need two things: FUNDING and MANPOWER.
You may surprised to find that an insane amount of conservation work is carried out by volunteers. We don't ever have the funds to pay most of the people who want to help. If you really really care, consider going into a conservation-related field as a career. It's rewarding, passionate work.
At the national level, please support:
The Nature Conservancy
Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
Cornell Lab of Ornithology (including eBird)
National Audubon Society
Federal Duck Stamps (you don't need to be a hunter to buy one!)
These first four work to acquire and restore critical habitat, change environmental policy, and educate the public. There is almost certainly a Nature Conservancy-owned property within driving distance of you. Xerces plays a very large role in pollinator conservation, including sustainable agriculture, native bee monitoring programs, and the Bee City/Bee Campus USA programs. The Lab of O is one of the world's leaders in bird research and conservation. Audubon focuses on bird conservation. You can get annual memberships to these organizations and receive cool swag and/or a subscription to their publications which are well worth it. You can also volunteer your time; we need thousands of volunteers to do everything from conducting wildlife surveys, invasive species removal, providing outreach programming, managing habitat/clearing trails, planting trees, you name it. Federal Duck Stamps are the major revenue for wetland conservation; hunters need to buy them to hunt waterfowl but anyone can get them to collect!
THERE ARE DEFINITELY MORE, but these are a start.
Additionally, any federal or local organizations that seek to provide support and relief to those affected by hurricanes, sea level rise, any form of coastal climate change...
At the regional level:
These are a list of topics that affect major regions of the United States. Since I do not work in most of these areas I don't feel confident recommending specific organizations, but please seek resources relating to these as they are likely major conservation issues near you.
PRAIRIE CONSERVATION & PRAIRIE POTHOLE WETLANDS
DRYING OF THE COLORADO RIVER (good overview video linked)
PROTECTION OF ESTUARIES AND SALTMARSH, ESPECIALLY IN THE DELAWARE BAY AND LONG ISLAND (and mangroves further south, everglades etc; this includes restoring LIVING SHORELINES instead of concrete storm walls; also check out the likely-soon extinction of saltmarsh sparrows)
UNDAMMING MAJOR RIVERS (not just the Colorado; restoring salmon runs, restoring historic floodplains)
NATIVE POLLINATOR DECLINES (NOT honeybees. for fuck's sake. honeybees are non-native domesticated animals. don't you DARE get honeybee hives to 'save the bees')
WILDLIFE ALONG THE SOUTHERN BORDER (support the Mission Butterfly Center!)
INVASIVE PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES (this is everywhere but the specifics will differ regionally, dear lord please help Hawaii)
LOSS OF WETLANDS NATIONWIDE (some states have lost over 90% of their wetlands, I'm looking at you California, Ohio, Illinois)
INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE, esp in the CORN BELT and CALIFORNIA - this is an issue much bigger than each of us, but we can work incrementally to promote sustainable practices and create habitat in farmland-dominated areas. Support small, local farms, especially those that use soil regenerative practices, no-till agriculture, no pesticides/Integrated Pest Management/no neonicotinoids/at least non-persistent pesticides. We need more farmers enrolling in NRCS programs to put farmland in temporary or permanent wetland easements, or to rent the land for a 30-year solar farm cycle. We've lost over 99% of our prairies to corn and soybeans. Let's not make it 100%.
INDIGENOUS LAND-BACK EFFORTS/INDIGENOUS LAND MANAGEMENT/TEK (adding this because there have been increasing efforts not just for reparations but to also allow indigenous communities to steward and manage lands either fully independently or alongside western science, and it would have great benefits for both people and the land; I know others on here could speak much more on this. Please platform indigenous voices)
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (get your neighbors to stop dumping fertilizers on their lawn next to lakes, reduce agricultural runoff)
OCEAN PLASTIC (it's not straws, it's mostly commercial fishing line/trawling equipment and microplastics)
A lot of these are interconnected. And of course not a complete list.
At the state and local level:
You probably have the most power to make change at the local level!
Support or volunteer at your local nature centers, local/state land conservancy non-profits (find out who owns&manages the preserves you like to hike at!), state fish & game dept/non-game program, local Audubon chapters (they do a LOT). Participate in a Christmas Bird Count!
Join local garden clubs, which install and maintain town plantings - encourage them to use NATIVE plants. Join a community garden!
Get your college campus or city/town certified in the Bee Campus USA/Bee City USA programs from the Xerces Society
Check out your state's official plant nursery, forest society, natural heritage program, anything that you could become a member of, get plants from, or volunteer at.
Volunteer to be part of your town's conservation commission, which makes decisions about land management and funding
Attend classes or volunteer with your land grant university's cooperative extension (including master gardener programs)
Literally any volunteer effort aimed at improving the local environment, whether that's picking up litter, pulling invasive plants, installing a local garden, planting trees in a city park, ANYTHING. make a positive change in your own sphere. learn the local issues affecting your nearby ecosystems. I guarantee some lake or river nearby is polluted
MAKE HABITAT IN YOUR COMMUNITY. Biggest thing you can do. Use plants native to your area in your yard or garden. Ditch your lawn. Don't use pesticides (including mosquito spraying, tick spraying, Roundup, etc). Don't use fertilizers that will run off into drinking water. Leave the leaves in your yard. Get your school/college to plant native gardens. Plant native trees (most trees planted in yards are not native). Remove invasive plants in your yard.
On this last point, HERE ARE EASY ONLINE RESOURCES TO FIND NATIVE PLANTS and LEARN ABOUT NATIVE GARDENING:
Xerces Society Pollinator Conservation Resource Center
Pollinator Pathway
Audubon Native Plant Finder
Homegrown National Park (and Doug Tallamy's other books)
National Wildlife Federation Native Plant Finder (clunky but somewhat helpful)
Heather Holm (for prairie/midwest/northeast)
MonarchGard w/ Benjamin Vogt (for prairie/midwest)
Native Plant Trust (northeast & mid-atlantic)
Grow Native Massachusetts (northeast)
Habitat Gardening in Central New York (northeast)
There are many more - I'm not familiar with resources for western states. Print books are your biggest friend. Happy to provide a list of those.
Lastly, you can help scientists monitor species using citizen science. Contribute to iNaturalist, eBird, Bumblebee Watch, or any number of more geographically or taxonomically targeted programs (for instance, our state has a butterfly census carried out by citizen volunteers).
In short? Get curious, get educated, get involved. Notice your local nature, find out how it's threatened, and find out who's working to protect it that you can help with. The health of the planet, including our resilience to climate change, is determined by small local efforts to maintain and restore habitat. That is how we survive this. When government funding won't come, when we're beat back at every turn trying to get policy changed, it comes down to each individual person creating a safe refuge for nature.
Thanks for reading this far. Please feel free to add your own credible resources and organizations.
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thepastisalreadywritten · 6 months ago
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X-ray imaging, PET scans, CT scans, and MRIs are various imaging techniques that are used to capture images of the inside of the body. 🩻
X-ray
— detects bone fractures, certain tumors and other abnormal masses, pneumonia, some types of injuries, calcifications, foreign objects, or dental problems.
MRA
— Magnetic Resonance Angiography uses a powerful magnetic field, radio frequency waves, and a computer to evaluate blood vessels and help identify abnormalities.
MRI
— Magnetic Resonance Imaging uses a magnetic field and radio waves to take pictures inside the body.
It is especially helpful to collect pictures of soft tissue such as organs and muscles that don't show up on x-ray examinations
PET scan
— Positron Emission Tomography may be used to evaluate organs and/or tissues for the presence of disease or other conditions.
PET may also be used to evaluate the function of organs, such as the heart or brain.
The most common use of PET is in the detection of cancer and the evaluation of cancer treatment.
CT scan
— Computed Tomography is used to identify disease or injury within various regions of the body.
For example, CT has become a useful screening tool for detecting possible tumors or lesions within the abdomen.
A CT scan of the heart may be ordered when various types of heart disease or abnormalities are suspected.
🎞️: World of Medics
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jcmarchi · 8 months ago
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NASA-Supported Team Discovers Aurora-Like Radio Bursts Above Sunspot - Technology Org
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/nasa-supported-team-discovers-aurora-like-radio-bursts-above-sunspot-technology-org/
NASA-Supported Team Discovers Aurora-Like Radio Bursts Above Sunspot - Technology Org
A NASA-funded team of scientists has discovered long-lasting radio signals emanating from the Sun that are similar to those associated with auroras—the northern and southern lights—on Earth.
Scientists have discovered radio bursts above a sunspot resembling radio emissions from Earth’s auroras. The pink-purple streaks in this illustration represent the radio emissions, with higher-frequency radio signals in pink, closer to the sunspot, and lower frequencies in purple. The thin lines represent magnetic field lines above the sunspot. The sunspot is the dark region on the Sun at the bottom. Image credit: Sijie Yu, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Detected about 25,000 miles (40,000 km) above a sunspot – a relatively cool, dark, and magnetically active region on the Sun – such radio bursts had previously been observed only on planets and other stars.
“This sunspot radio emission represents the first detection of its kind,” said Sijie Yu of the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, who is the lead author of a paper reporting the discovery in the January 2024 issue of Nature Astronomy. The research was first published online in November 2023.
The discovery could help us better understand our own star as well as the behavior of distant stars that produce similar radio emissions.
The Sun often emits short radio bursts that last for minutes or hours. But the radio bursts Yu’s team detected, using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico, persisted for over a week.
These sunspot radio bursts also have other characteristics – such as their spectra (or intensity at different wavelengths) and their polarization (the angle or direction of the radio waves) – that are much more like radio emissions produced in the polar regions of Earth and other planets with auroras.
On Earth (and other planets such as Jupiter and Saturn), auroras shimmer in the night sky when solar particles are caught up in the planet’s magnetic field and pulled toward the poles, where magnetic field lines converge. As they accelerate poleward, the particles generate intense radio emissions at frequencies around a few hundred kilohertz and then smash into atoms in the atmosphere, causing them to emit light as auroras.
The analysis by Yu’s team suggests the radio bursts above the sunspot are likely produced in a comparable way – when energetic electrons get trapped and accelerated by converging magnetic fields above a sunspot. Unlike Earth’s auroras, though, the radio bursts from sunspots occur at much higher frequencies – hundreds of thousands of kilohertz to roughly 1 million kilohertz. “That’s a direct result of the sunspot’s magnetic field being thousands of times stronger than Earth’s,” Yu said.
Scientists detected aurora-like radio bursts above the large, dark sunspot seen in the upper left in this image of the Sun taken on April 11, 2016, by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory. Image credit: NASA/Solar Dynamics Observatory
Similar radio emissions have previously been observed from some types of low-mass stars as well. This discovery introduces the possibility that aurora-like radio emissions may originate from large spots on those stars (called “starspots”) in addition to the previously proposed auroras in their polar regions.
“The discovery excites us as it challenges existing notions of solar radio phenomena and opens new avenues for exploring magnetic activities both in our Sun and in distant stellar systems,” Yu said.
“NASA’s growing heliophysics fleet is well suited to continue to investigate the source regions of these radio bursts,” said Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy, a heliophysicist and solar radio researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “For example, the Solar Dynamics Observatory continually monitors the Sun’s active regions, which likely give rise to this phenomenon.”
In the meantime, Yu’s team plans to reexamine other solar radio bursts to see whether any appear similar to the aurora-like ones they found. “We aim to determine if some of the previously recorded solar bursts could be instances of this newly identified emission,” Yu said.
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Hit people who think terraforming would work on any planet with a rolled up newspaper. It doesn't matter what side of the political aisle they're on
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jimmybratt27 · 1 year ago
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Tamar Gas Field
Tamar gas field is located on the Mediterranean sea in Israel. There are several resources available to meet the sustainable energy generation needs without disturbing the future of natural gases and other crucial minerals. But at the same time extracting natural gases from this gas field is a task as you may need hands on experience and complete knowledge of how it should be extracted.
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estellapaul21 · 2 years ago
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Environmental Impact of Natural Gas
There can be many factors leading you to think of how natural energies should be used for its best ever effectiveness. This can help you lead your way to taking up the challenges of natural resources and its actual usage. Here, make sure that you have had enough knowledge and insights about environmental impact of natural gas at its best phase.
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itsgerges · 3 days ago
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Best Regards
A Great Gap Between The Physics Book And The Solar System Facts
The article proves there's a great gap between the physics book and the solar system facts- the article explains and proves that in the following items 
(1) Preface (my 5 equations)
(2) The Research Question   (Where's Planet Motion Energy?)
(3) The Research Argument (The Physicist Vision Contradicts The Nature System)
(4) The Research Methodology (the moon motion theory+ Mars migration theory)
(5) The Research Discovery
(the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field moreover NO gravitational field is found)
(6) The Research Hypothesis
(the sun is Not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the rays are produced by the gravitational waves motions energies)
(7) The Solar System Description Refutation
(The Sun Is The Result Of The Planets Motions But The Description Supposes It’s The Planets Motions Reason)
(8) The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves The Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies
(9) Space Creation
(10) Planet Creation and Motion
(11) The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time
(12) The Solar System History And Neptune Orbit Creation
(1) Preface (my 5 equations)
My research proves planet creation and motion data depends on geometrical rules and mathematical equations- my five equations prove this fact – I provide here  only three equations (1st, 4th and 5th equation)- let's discuss them in following 
Planet orbital distance equation (My 1st equation)
d^2= 4do (d-do)
where d= planet orbital distance and do= its previous neighbor distance
Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)                             
d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance
d0= 57.9 million km  = Mercury Orbital Distance
50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury  Venus Depends On Mercury
Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655
d= 1433 million km    = Saturn Orbital Distance
d0= 778.6 million km  = Jupiter Orbital Distance
655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter
The equation depends on the planets order, just 2 neighbor planets can be used
The equation exceptions are, Earth depends on Mercury Not Venus – and Mars depends on Venus Not Earth And Pluto depends on Uranus Not Neptune
The Equation Concept support
let's suppose–There's a right triangle by the 3 points The Sun, Mercury and Venus)- by that - Venus angle is (61 degrees) because Venus orbital distance (108.2 mkm) x cos (61) = Venus Mercury distance (50.3 mkm) – and
Earth angle is (51 degrees) because Earth orbital distance (149.6 mkm) x cos (51) = Earth Mercury distance (91.7 mkm) – and
Mars angle is (41.7 degrees) because Mars orbital distance (227.9mkm) x cos (41.7)= Mars Mercury distance (170 mkm)- and
Jupiter angle is (22.2 degrees) because Jupiter orbital distance (778.6 mkm) x cos (22.2)= Jupiter Mercury distance (721 mkm)
Similar to that – Saturn angle is 16.5, Uranus angle is 11.6 deg, Neptune angle is 9.2 deg and Pluto angle is 8 deg- these angles follow the same system
for example -Pluto angle is (8 degrees) because Pluto orbital distance (5906 mkm) x cos (8)= Pluto Mercury distance (5848 mkm) –
NOTICE No. (1) the right angle and its triangle is (a hypothesis) – but we can prove it's a fact because (v1/v2) = (θ1/ θ2) -means – these angles are rated with their planets velocities – for example (Neptune velocity 5.4/ Pluto velocity 4.7) = (9.2 deg /8 deg)
NOTICE No. (2) these angles are complementary one another for that
940 = 61 x 2 x 8 = 51 x 2 x 9.2 = 41.7 x 22.2 where (61 degrees) is Venus angle and (51 degrees) is The Earth angle and (41.7 degrees) is Mars angle and (8 degrees) is Pluto angle and (9.2 degrees) is Neptune angle and (22.2 degrees) is Jupiter angle
DISCUSSION
The equation and angles system data prove the following
(1)
The planets orbital distances are defined based on their neighbors and NO mass is required to define it- Newton is wrong- planet orbital distance is Not defined based on this planet mass (also planet motion doesn't depend on its mass)
Shortly- the mass is not related for the distance definition at all
(2)
The gravitation equation is wrong because it contradicts the planets order- for example (Mercury- Venus – the Earth) this order tells more mass needs more orbital distance while the gravitation equation tells more mass needs shorter distance- clearly the equation contradicts the planets order- also Jupiter the greatest mass is not the more near planet to the sun – when we asked the physicist he told this is happened because of the planets initial conditions- my equation proves no initial conditions have effects on any distance – all distances are defined by the same one rule and the angles system supports the equation concept proves that (the planets orbital distances are defined based on each other and no mass is required in this definition)     
Planet diameter equation (My 4th equation)
My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I
v = Planet Velocity                          
r = Planet Diameter
I= Planet Orbital Inclination   
s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period
v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet
The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error 
Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity                        
Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity
Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity      
Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity
Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)
Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity
Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)
Example  Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8                  
89143                   = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period
9.7 km/s      = Saturn velocity and 5.4 km/s         = Neptune velocity             
49528 km   = Neptune diameter            
1.8 degrees= Neptune Orbital Inclination
59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)
All planets diameters follow this equation perfectly 
The Equation Concept  Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result- the designer created planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function between Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if  A Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter would be saved
DISCUSSION
(1)
The big bang theory tells- Planet is created by random creation – that means
for example- Jupiter diameter and mass are created with unknown values for us- and during the history Jupiter is collided many times and these collisions decreased Jupiter diameter and mass- As a result Jupiter current diameter (142984 km) is a value found by random process because of the historical events- means- Planets diameters and masses are found without any rule or geometrical reason-
(2)
The big bang theory is wrong in 2 principle points – First- planet diameter is created based on a geometrical rule and a mathematical equation as proved by my equation that disproves the big bang imaginary idea- shortly- Jupiter diameter is created by its value 142984 km and it's not changed since creation- this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation- Second the big bang theory is wrong also because it supposes planet diameter change doesn't cause change for its motion- means- planet motion depends on its data and if this planet diameter is changed its motion must be changed accordingly- here- we reach to basic default in the physics book
The problem here is that –the physicist created the theory to explain a planet motion regardless this planet data- shortly let's ask (what changes can be happened for the moon motion if the moon diameter is changed from its value 3475 km to be 6000 km?) in answer for this question- shortly- NO Change- the physicist theory about the moon motion has no change when the moon diameter 3475 km will be 6000 km because the physicist theory doesn't take into account this diameter at all – here is the problem- that gives the big bang the chance to create its imaginary idea 
Please note- the big bang didn't tell us how is the matter created? means- the historical ideas cant reach to the matter origin nor can define the matter nature
(3)
My planet diameter equation gives a new definition for matter nature and creation- Why?? because it tells (Planet diameter is created based on it velocity?) means planet motion is defined before this planet creation! this fact is proved by my planet diameter equation but how that can be possible?
(4)
Matter definition
Matter and space are created from the same one energy and both move with the motion of this energy from which they are created- but- the matter creates for itself a distinguish form and moves by different velocity from the space motion (notice the gravitational waves prove the space has motion and not static).
This is similar to the sea of water- the space is similar to the sea of water and the matter is similar to a whirlpool (vortex) found on the sea page-
The whirlpool (vortex) is created by the sea water and it's carried by the sea water motion- spite of that- the whirlpool is different in its form from the sea waves – also the whirlpool moves by different velocity from the sea waves motion velocity- this example gives explanation for the matter definition- the matter is similar perfectly to the whirlpool on the sea page- it's created by the sea water motion but it has a distinguish form and different velocity from the sea waves-
Also
The whirlpool dimensions depend on the sea water motion features- for example – we have a whirlpool its diameter is 2 meters, this diameter is formed by the sea water motion features (the water velocity- amount-pressure -……etc) that tells the whirlpool is found later after the sea creation- and the water motion is found before the whirlpool creation- this meaning is a fact for the matter creation and dimensions- the matter dimensions are created based on this matter motion- means- the motion is defined before the matter creation- this is proved by my planet diameter equation- the equation tells (for example) Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s- the whirlpool idea explains how the planet matter data is defined based on its motion- because- the original energy was found in motion at first and the planet matter is created from this moving original energy and the planet matter dimensions are defined by this original energy motion features- after the planet creation, the planet moves with this original energy motion means the planet moves this same motion based on which the planet data is created that's why the planet data is in full harmony with the planet motion features- also the idea shows planet motion reason- again-No planet moves by the sun gravity- Newton is wrong- because planet creation and motion are done by one force only otherwise this planet would be broken if two forces have effects on it- here we see the planet motion reason- the planet moves with the original energy from which this planet is created     
Planet velocity equation (My 5th  equation)
Planet velocity definition is important point of study because many planet data is defined based on its velocity- specifically
Planet diameter is defined by the rate (v1/v2) by my planet diameter equation –and
Planet orbital distance is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^2 –and
Planet orbital period is defined by the rate (v1/v2)^3
Please note – Kepler stated (Planet orbit defines its velocity) and it's fact proved by the planets data – but Newton stated Planet motion depends on its mass- this is NOT Fact and Planet velocity is defined without any effect of its mass as the data shows
Let's ask - How Is Planet Velocity Defined?
Planet velocity is defined by Five Rules let's see them in following
(i) First Rule 
v1v2 = constant= 322  (my 5th equation)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Mercury velocity)                    =322
35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                   =322
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2     =322
24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)           =322 (Max error 2%)
The rule (v1v2=322) tells the velocities are defined in pairs and not individually, each planet velocity has its own complementary- the rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- the reflection of energy and data is discussed later. 
In this rule we interest for the constant (322)- let's ask- why the constant = 322? 
The constant 322 depends on the speed 1.16 million km per second because
(1160000 seconds = 322 hours) - Means
Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in 6.8 hours a distance = 1.16 million km and
Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves in 47.4 hours a distance   = 1.16 million km
Shortly -we realize that the constant 322 is produced based on the speed 1.16 million km per second- means- the planets velocities are complementary each other because they are defined as functions in this same speed 1.16 million km per second
(This is similar to electron and positron are produced from Gamma ray, The two particles depend on Gamma energy in their masses)
Based On This Data
I concluded there's a light beam its speed 1.16 million km per second and from this light beam energy the solar system is created- and the planets velocities are defined as functions in this speed 1.16 million km per second and that causes the velocities to be complementary each other-
(Note the speed 1.16 million km per second is proved strongly in my paper)
(ii) Second Rule 
v1v2 = 1
The velocity here uses the solar day (86400 seconds) – let's prove that-
Mercury moves per solar day           = 4.095 million km
Venus moves per solar day               = 3.024 million km
The Earth moves per solar day                  = 2.574 million km
The Moon moves per solar day                  = 2.4 million km
Mars moves per solar day                = 2.082 million km
Jupiter moves per solar day              = 1.1318 million km
Saturn moves per solar day              = 0.838 million km
Uranus moves per solar day             = 0.5875 million km
Neptune moves per solar day           = 0.4665 million km
Pluto moves per solar day                = 0.406 million km
AND
0.406 (Pluto velocity)              x 2.4 (the moon velocity)             = 1         (error 2.5%)
0.4665 (Neptune velocity)       x 2.082 (Mars velocity)               = 1          (error 2.5%)
0.5875 (Uranus velocity)                  x 3.024 (Venus velocity)/1.772   = 1 (error 2.5%)
0.838 (Saturn velocity)            x 1.1318 (Jupiter velocity)         = 1 (error 5%)
(1.772 = π^1/2)
The second rule tells very similar meaning (v1v2= constant= 1)
The data uses the velocities per solar day for that the constant is changed from 322 into 1 but the rule is the same- (v1v2= Constant)
I want to say- the rule (v1v2 = Constant) tells that (The Velocities Are Reflected On Each Other) this conclusion is simple one (A x 1/A= constant=1)  
The rule proves the energy is reflected in the solar system and this reflection has effect on the planets data and for that the planets velocities are defined by this energy  reflection and the velocities are produced complementary each other as a result.
Notice the second rule causes confusion because the complementary player is changed- for example Pluto is complementary with Venus (in the first rule 35 x 4.7 x 2 = 322) but Pluto is complementary with the Earth moon in the second rule (0.406 x 2.4 = 1) that tells the players are changed which is illogical idea- how can we solve this problem? The third rule solves it – let's see this rule in following 
(iii) Third Rule 
v1/v2 = 0.8 (based on the planets order)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 (35 km/s = Venus velocity error 7.25%)
35 km/s (Venus velocity)         x 0.8   = 27.78 (The moon velocity)
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity)         x 0.8   = 24.1 (Mars velocity)                          (error 1%)
24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)       x 0.8   = 2 x 9.7 (Saturn velocity)
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)     x 0.8   = 2 x 5.4 (Neptune velocity)       (error 3%)
6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)      x 0.8   = 5.4 (Neptune velocity)
5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity)    x 0.8   = 4.3 (Pluto velocity 4.7 the error 7.25%)
Please note
The error 7.25 is found by the rate 1.0725 – that means
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8   = 38 = 1.0725 x 35 km/s (Venus velocity)
5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 0.8     = 4.3= 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) / 1.0725
29.8 km/s (Earth velocity)                = 27.78 km/s (The moon velocity) x 1.0725
We know the rate 1.0725 is found by Lorentz length contraction effect- and we know this rate has effect on around 40% of all planets data – that's why we see this rate has effect on the planets velocities definition-
Let's remember the question-
In the rule (v1v2=322) we found that Pluto is complementary with Venus because
4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 2 = 322
But in the rule (v1v2 =1) we found Pluto is complementary with the moon because
0.406 mkm (Pluto Velocity Daily) x 2.4 mkm (The Moon Velocity Daily) = 1
The question asked – if the planets velocities are defined in pairs complementary each other and not individually how can the players be changed? 
The answer tells – the planets velocities are rated by (0.8) based on the planets order means – the moon velocity daily 2.4 mkm = Venus velocity daily 3.024 mkm x 0.8
The rate (0.8) defines all planets velocities depend on each other by order-
Now let's see Planet velocity final definition– because- the definition uses three planets velocities together and not only two – let's put that clearly in following-
 (iv) The Planet Velocity Final Definition
 (A)
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 0.8 = 38 km/s (Venus velocity 35 km/s)
Venus moves per solar day 3.024 million km -But
1/3.024 = 0.3307 million km = Uranus moves per solar day 0.5875 million km /1.77
(note 1.77 = π^1/2) and (38 = 35 x 1.0725)
For that
47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) = 322
(B)
35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 0.8 = 27.78 km/s (The Moon velocity)
The moon moves per solar day 2.4 million km -But
1/2.4 = 0.406 million km = Pluto moves per solar day 0.406 million km
For that
35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2 = 322
(C)
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 0.8 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity)
Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km -But
1/2.082 = 0.4665 million km = Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km
For that
29.8 km/s (The Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2 = 322
(D)
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 0.8= 2 x 5.24km/s (Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s error 3%)
Neptune moves per solar day 0.4665 million km - But
1/0.4665 = 2.082 million km = Mars moves per solar day 2.082 million km
For that
13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) x 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) = 322
Shortly
Three planets velocities are defined in each equation- that tells the planet velocity definition is a process more complex than the simple equation (v1v2= constant)
Notice
The 9 planets velocities total is 176 km/s – if we add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) the total will be 205.8 km/s
The planets velocities are complementary also for this velocity 205.8 km/s – let's see
205.8 km/s = Mercury velocity (47.4 km/s) x Pluto velocity (4.7 km/s) / 1.0725
205.8 km/s = Venus velocity (35 km/s)     x Neptune velocity (5.4 km/s) x 1.0725
205.8 km/s = Earth velocity (29.8 km/s)   x Uranus velocity (6.8 km/s)
205.8 km/s = Jupiter velocity (13.1 km/s)          x Neptune velocity (5.4 km/s) x 3
Mercury velocity = 2 Mars velocity by that Pluto will be used for Mars also
Max error (3%)
Please Note- Saturn is exceptional because
205.8 km/s = 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) x 21.4
Where 21.4 hours = 2 x 10.7 hours (Saturn rotation period) -Means- the distance is passed by all planets motions in one hour equal the distance is passed by Saturn in 2 rotation periods (21.4 hours) that tells more analysis is required for Saturn velocity- as we should do later.
A QUESTION
(Why Is The Rate (0.8) Used To Define Each Planet Velocity Based On Its neighbor?) Kepler stated (Planet orbit defines its velocity) and
My planet orbital distance equation proves each planet orbit is defined based on its neighbor – means- my equation uses only 2 neighbor planets orbital distances
Here also-Planet velocity is defined based on its neighbor – means- this connection enabled Kepler to conclude his statement (Planet orbit defines its velocity)
But Why The Rate (0.8)??
The rate (0.8) is found by the energy reflection effect on Planets velocities definition, for that we analyze the energy reflection process deeply in the paper discussion
(v) Fourth Rule 
5.9 x 0.8 = 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) BUT (5.9)^2 = 35 km/s (Venus velocity)
And
6.8 x 0.8 = 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) BUT (6.8)^2 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity)
And
8.5 x 0.8 = 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) BUT (8.5)^2 = 2 x 35 km/s
And
12.12 x 0.8 = 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) BUT (12.12)^2 = 3 x 47.4 km/s And
16.4 x 0.8 = 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity) BUT (16.4)^2 = 9 x 29.8 km/s (Earth velocity)
Discussion
The data shows, the inner planets velocities are defined based on the outer planets velocities- that explains how the rules (v1v2=constant) is created
The data is produced by the reflection of energy and that shows why the planets velocities are reflected on each other-
(vi) Fifth Rule   (Pluto Velocity Analysis)
DATA
4.7 km /s (Pluto velocity)        = 3/2 (π) km /s
And
5.4 km /s (Neptune velocity) x 4.7 km /s (Pluto velocity) = 8π
And
π x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)          = 4 x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity)
And
4 x (4.7)^2 = 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)
And
(4.7)^3 = 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) x 2 = (205.8/2)
205.8 = the 9 planets velocities total + the Earth moon velocity
Discussion
The data shows a real puzzle- because- Pluto velocity can't be defined simply by some simple rules –even the previous 4 rules can't define this velocity-
The data shows- The planet velocity is defined by very complex rule more strong than the previous 4 rules (Specifically Pluto velocity) 
I want to say- the designer has a reason to define Pluto velocity by some complex system- the planets motions interactions causes this complex system-
The next data can explain better this meaning
More Data
13.1 km/s x 29.8 km/s x 142984      = 47.4 km/s x 9.7 km/s x 120536
13.1 km/s x 9.7 km/s x 142984                  = 5.4 km/s x 27.8 km/s x 120536
9.7 km/s x 5.4 km/s x 142984                    = 4.7 km/s x 13.1 km/s x 120536
13.1, 29.8, 47.4 km/s are the velocities of Jupiter, The Earth, Mercury respectively
9.7, 5.4, 27.8 km/s are the velocities of Saturn, Neptune, The Moon respectively
4.7 km/s = Pluto velocity
142984 km = Jupiter diameter and 120536 km = Saturn diameter
The data tells the planets velocities are defined by real complex system
(vii) Planet Orbital Inclination Definition
DATA
(Mercury velocity 47.4 km/s) = (Uranus velocity 6.8 km/s)    x 7
(Mercury orbital inclination = 7 degrees)
(The Moon velocity 27.8 km/s) = (Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s)         x 5.1
(The Moon orbital inclination = 5.1 degrees)
(Mars velocity 24.1 km/s)       = (Saturn velocity 9.7 km/s)    x 2.5
(Saturn orbital inclination = 2.5 degrees)
(Mars velocity 24.1 km/s)       = (Jupiter velocity 13.1 km/s) x 1.9
(Mars orbital inclination = 1.9 degrees)
(Venus velocity 35 km/s)         = (Jupiter velocity 13.1 km/s) x 1.3 x 2
(Jupiter orbital inclination = 1.3 degrees)
(Neptune velocity 5.4 km/s)    = (Uranus velocity 6.8 km/s)   x 0.8
(Uranus orbital inclination = 0.8 degrees)
(Saturn velocity 9.7 km/s)       = (Neptune velocity 6.8 km/s)           x 1.8
(Neptune orbital inclination = 1.8 degrees)
Discussion  The data shows that the planet orbital inclination is defined as a rate between two velocities- but- not no clear rule which planet velocity is used- for example Mercury uses the rule (v1v2=constant because 47.4 x 6.8 = 322 and v1/v2= 47.4/6.8 = 7)
this rule is used almost for the inner planets- but- the outer planets orbital inclinations don't follow this rule- because Neptune is complementary with the Earth but Neptune velocity is used with Uranus and Saturn to define Uranus and Neptune orbital inclinations- means- the rule (v1/v2 = inclination) is used for the inner planets but the outer planets use another rate and almost their orbital inclinations are created based on the rate (v1/v2) defined by my planet diameter equation- 
(viii) The Sun Is Created After All Planets Creation And Motion  
Let's remember the rule (v1v2= constant =322)
322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)
322 = 35 km/s  (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2                 (error 2%)
322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2      
322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)                          (error 2%)
322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity)
We realize the planets velocities are created in (pairs) and not in single- 
Now let's ask (Can We Add One More Planet In The Solar Group?)
Let's imagine we create a new planet and put it after Pluto
(1)
The New Planet Supposed Orbital Distance Is =7000 million km
What's this new planet velocity? we define it by kepler law, its velocity is 4.3 km/s
This planet motion distance per solar day =0.373 million km and its orbital period is 116300 solar days –
Now– what's its complementary planet by of the rule (v1v2= constant =322),
(322 =4.3 x 75), means, the planet complementary velocity is 75 km/s   
Where can we find a planet its velocity 75 km/s? this planet must be in the distance between the Sun and Mercury –
This planet orbital distance would be 23.2 million km where
(57.9/23.2) = (75/47.4)^2 where
(57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance) and (47.4 km/s = Mercury velocity)
Shortly – to add one more planet after Pluto that forces us to put a complementary planet between Mercury and the Sun- clearly this is a complex process because the distance between the Sun and Mercury is short and no planet can be added in it!
The conclusion– No New Planet Can Be Added In The Solar System  
But how the found planets are added? Shortly- The Sun is created after all planets creation and motion- means – after all planets be on their orbits the Sun is created- means- technically-  the Sun existence prevents to add any more planet to the solar system and also the sun prevents any planet to change its orbit – that proves the sun is created after all planets creation and motion.
Notice- Mars original orbit was between Venus and Mercury and Mars had migrated to its current orbit behind the Earth (before the sun creation), but, because of the sun existence Mars couldn't return to its original orbit- that proves- Mars is found before the sun creation- and that supports the conclusion tells (the sun is created after all planets creation and motion) Mars Migration is proved in point no. (**)
(ix) Can A Motion By Speed Of Light Be Found In The Solar System? 
300000 = (205.8)^2 x 7.1 where
The 9 planets velocities total 176 km/s and I add the Earth moon velocity 29.8 km/s the total be 205.8 km/s - the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) proves the fact.
7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect produced by speed 99% of speed of light-
Shortly
The unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is defined as a function in the speed of light (300000 km/s) and that explains how the unified wave moves by this speed because the unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s and the reflection of energy causes to square the velocity to be (205.8 km/s)^2 and by Lorentz length contraction effect (7.1) the velocity be equal 300000 km/s (speed of light) explaining that the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is defined as a function in the speed of light
ALSO
The previous data refers to the use of the rates of time- where
The unified wave (205.8 km/s) moves in 1461 seconds a distance 300000 km while One Second of The Sun Clock = 1461 Seconds of The Wave Clock
Means- The unified wave passes 300000 km in 1461 seconds but the Sun clock sees this period (1461seconds) as (one second only) and by that the sun sees a distance 300000 km is passed in one second producing speed = 300000 km/s (speed of light)
That explains how the gravitational wave can move by speed of light in the solar system.
PLANET VELOCITY GENERAL DISCUSSION
Planet velocity is defined by many rules but all of them tell two basic information
(1) NO planet mass is used to define any planet velocity or motion
(2) Planet velocity is defined based on the rule (v1v2=Constant) means each planet velocity is defined complementary to another planet velocity- means- the planets velocities are defined in pairs and not individual which proves (Planet Motion Can NOT Be Independent From The Other Planets Motions)
(3) Planet velocity proves the energy is reflected in the solar system and because of that the planets data is reflected on each other and that causes the planets velocities to be reflected on each other
(2) The Research Question
How can we define Planet motion energy? the question asks simply (Where's Planet Motion Energy?)- this is a difficult question for the physicist and disproves many basic theories in the physics book - let's show that in following
Where's Planet Motion Energy?
Any moving body produces motion energy (1/2 mv^2), means, planet motion also produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this motion energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see the picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)-
This analysis creates three major difficulties for the physics book – let's see them
First Difficulty
This analysis tells the space has moving waves are produced by planets motions – But- the scientists discovered the gravitational waves and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field- I prove the sun doesn’t produce a gravitational field and has no massive gravity and no planet moves by the sun gravity – But- here we need to answer (from what source these waves are produced?) because planet motion energy has no place to store in except the space -means- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field- shortly- even if there's no gravitational field at all- there's a reason to find waves in the space and these waves are produced by the planet motions energies 
that put the question (from what source the gravitational waves are produced?)
I prove the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field (even if found)
Second Difficulty
The analysis tells planet motion energy is stored in the space as moving waves- and the planets move since long periods of time and their motions energies are stored during these long periods of time- means- the planets motions energies total during these long periods must cause to store massive motion energy in the space- now let's ask-where's this stored massive energy? also the energy can NOT be stored in the space forever-so what's happening for this massive stored energy? I prove the sun rays are created from this massive stored energy but regardless my theory in all cases we should find how this massive stored energy be used because it can cause a risk for the solar system stability and in fact can cause an explosion in the solar system 
The problem here is that- massive motion energy is stored in the space but no one knows where's this energy and how is it used?
Third Difficulty - Newton Mass gravity definition is wrong- let's explain why 
Suppose the moon moves by the Earth mass gravity and we know the moon motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) now let's ask- from what source the moon motion energy is provided? What's the moon motion reason? The mass gravity- means- the mass should provide the motion energy- that means – if The moon moves by the Earth mass gravity that necessitates to decrease the masses of the Earth and the moon by the motion energy- here's the problem- Any Motion Is Done By Mass Gravity Will Cause To Decrease This Mass-  this decrease is done because of the motion energy
The analysis tells us–the physicist supposes planet motion produces NO energy this is the only one solution for the problems created by the physicist neglect to observe planet motion energy- NOTICE Mass gravity is a fact- it's a bond between two masses – for example- the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity – so if some force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with The Earth- in this case the force causes the Earth to move will provide its motion energy and the moon motion energy also  - shortly – Mass gravity can't cause any motion-
 (3) The Research Argument
The physicist vision contradicts the nature system let's prove that 
The Physicist Vision
The physicist supposes there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the mass (for example) as wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and for that the physicist searched for this (unit) because it's (the building unit) 
As a result the physicist divided the matter into particles then the particle is divided into Molecules then the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc
The physicist searches for the building unit- for that - the physicist divides (any thing) to see its contents till reach to the unit which can be used as the building unit. 
The Nature System Vision
The Nature designer aims to create integration- as the marriage – male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child- INTEGRATION this is the word inside the designer Mind- No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one is better– both work together and give equal effects on the same one process and give together one result- I explain the idea by the marriage because it's easy to understand- I want to put the word (Integration) as the basic concept in the designer mind- AND - I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method while the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which the physicist considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process- Shortly- the physicist sees a universe (never be created by the designer)- while the designer created the integration is a goal and created tools to perform this goal (the integration) the physicist destroyed the tools and removed the integration tools while he searched for the building unit which is not found at all – that explains why the physics book is filled with imaginary ideas
NOTICE Another point shows the physicist wrong vision is (The Planet Motion)
While the solar planets move as gears in one machine and all planets motions are unified into one unified general motion- means- all planets motions are unified and produce one result only (one unified motion)- the physicist supposed each planet motion is independent-by that- in place of one machine of gears moves and produces one unified motion (one result) the physicist told us each planet motion is independent and no unification can be done for the planets motions –here – one more time the physicist sees very different picture from the real one- in place of one hand has five fingers the physicist sees five independent moving fingers
(4) The Research Methodology
I use the planets data analysis to discover the planets creation and motion facts–
In details- I try to discover how the planet get its data- for example – why Jupiter diameter is 142984 km? why Neptune axel tilt is 28.3 deg? why Pluto orbital period is 90560 days? This method helps greatly to discover the solar system facts let's provide two examples to explain how this method works
Example No. (1)
Why Is The Moon Orbital Apogee Radius = 406000 Km?
The moon daily displacement =88000 km and during 29.53 days (the moon day period) the displacements total be = 2.598 million km = 2π x 413600 km
The data tells us the moon orbital apogee radius should be 413600 km and also it tells, because the moon daily displacement (88000 km) is so long, the moon should revolve around the Earth through this apogee orbit its radius (413600 km) only and can't revolve around the Earth through any more near orbit…
Not Facts
The moon orbital apogee radius =406000 km only and the moon revolves around the Earth through near orbits and can reach to perigee radius (363000 km). 
How Can The Moon Do That?
 
The intelligent moon creates an angle (θ) between its motion direction and its orbit horizontal level by that the real displacement (L) through the orbit be less than (88000 km) because it be (L = 88000 km cos θ), as a result the total displacements be less than (2.598 million km) and that makes the moon orbital apogee radius to be decreased from 413600 km to 406000 km.
We should pay attention for the angle (θ), because this angle controls the moon motion features – where- with the angle (θ) increasing the real displacement (L) be shorter and the moon can revolve around the Earth through more near orbits – but –with the angle (θ) deceasing the real displacement (L) be longer and that pushes the moon far from the Earth to more far orbits- The moon orbital motion depends on this angle (θ) it tells θ1 = θ0 +1.7 where (θ1) = today angle and (θ0) =yesterday angle
1.7 degrees be used as the moon daily motion degrees for the equation
Example No. (2)
Can Mars Itself Cause The Earth Moon Creation?
Giant-impact hypothesis tells (NO) – but let's see the planets data analysis   
I Suppose - Mars Original Orbit Was Between Mercury And Venus
The order (Mercury – Mars – Venus – Earth) shows correct order in planets diameters, and orbital distances (and masses)- BUT – Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) to its current one (227.9 million km) and Mars had collided with Venus and then with the Earth in its migration motion – and Mars itself has caused the Earth moon creation- My Mars Migration Theory answers many left questions by Giant-Impact Hypothesis – for example -
Why Does Venus Have No Moon? Mars had migrated from its original orbit (between Mercury and Venus) – and moved to its current orbit (227.9 million km) – BUT- Mars had moved by a force – and then Mars had collided with Venus –and Mars had pushed ALL DEBRIS with it in its Motion Direction because of its strong motion - Venus had found no debris around and for that Venus couldn't create its moon –But – The Earth mass is greater than Venus' and the debris lost some of their momentum for that the Earth could attracted some debris and created its moon-Mars has 2 moons and this fact supports my theory because Mars with small mass could attract two  moons because the debris were around it while Venus has greater mass but couldn't create its own moon because the debris are moved with Mars motion- the rest debris are attracted by Jupiter gravity and created the asteroid belt 
(5) The Research Discovery
The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field – moreover there's no gravitational field – let's prove that
5-1 Planet Motion Energy Analysis  (revision)
5-2 Planet Motion Energy Trajectory
5-3 The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field
5-4 The Gravitational Waves Reflection
5-5 The Gravitational Waves Can Move By speed of light (C=300000 km/s)
5-6 The Solar System Has Relativistic Effects Proving The High Speed Motion Existence In It
5-1 Planet Motion Energy Analysis  (revision)
Let's remember this analysis in following 
Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) but where's this energy? Planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because It would raise its temperature- and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- planet motion energy is stored in the space in moving waves –Means- planet motion in space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- the fish swimming creates waves in the sea and similar to that - planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see the picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)-
5-2 Planet Motion Energy Trajectory
The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)
AND 
In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total (where The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit) 
Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) – Means
The planets motions energies are unified into unified wave and this wave moves by velocity (205.8 km/s) - Shortly- while the planets revolve around the sun, there's one unified wave revolves around the sun and moves by velocity 205.8 km/s 
This unified wave is the gravitational waves
The question is
The scientists discovered waves in the space and they told these waves are produced by the gravitational field but why?? because planet motion energy analysis proves the motion energy must be stored in the space as moving waves- so the discovered waves  are created by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field – also let's prove the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field to support my theory
5-3 The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field
The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following
(i)
The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- 
(ii)
No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-
Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered  in the discussions.  
(iii)
The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-
(iv)
The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- we have studied this equation before (planet orbital distance equation – my 1st equation)
(v)
Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- planet velocity definition is done by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in planet velocity definition
5-4 The Gravitational Waves Reflection
(1)
The gravitational waves reflection is proved by many powerful proves- one of them is (Planets data reflection on one another) as we have seen in planet velocity definition (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on one another
In fact- the waves reflection prove the waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field because the wave reflection causes to reflect the planets data on one another-this fact is important to be understood-
The planets can't be reflected on each other because The reflection is a feature of waves and not planets– spite of that- Planets data is reflected on each other – how can that be possible? This dilemma is solved by the waves reflection- because – the waves reflection causes to reflect the energy and that causes to reflect the planet data for that the planets data analysis proves strongly the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field
This fact is proved strongly and crucially by planets data analysis in item no. (**)
(2)
The waves reflection cause to square the wave velocity- this fact also is important because by this method the waves (the gravitational waves) can move by speed of light- the next point explains that
5-5 The Gravitational Waves Can Move By speed of light (C=300000 km/s)
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam-
I claim the gravitational waves are the unified wave moves by velocity (205.8 km/s), but the waves reflection causes to square the gravitational waves velocity and by that the gravitational waves can move by speed of light, means, the gravitational waves velocity is 205.8 km/s but this velocity is accelerated to be equal the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) as a result for the wave reflection- let's see how can that be possible
300000 km =7.1 x (205.8)^2
Where - 205.8 km/s = the unified wave velocity – And - 7.1 is Lorentz Length Contraction Effect (for a velocity 297000 km/s = 0.99 speed of  light)
The unified wave reflection causes to square the wave velocity – means-  the unified wave velocity is (205.8 km/s) and the wave reflection causes to square this velocity and produce the value (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 BUT - Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) causes to increase the distance 42683 km to be (7.1 x42683 = 300000 km) and by that- the wave velocity (205.8km/s) is accelerated and be equal the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) by the wave reflection effect
The rate (7.1) increases the distance in place of the contraction because the wave reflection cause to reflect of the geometrical effects- more proves in item no. (**)
5-6 The Solar System Has Relativistic Effects Prove The High Speed Motion
The velocity 297000 km (=99% of speed of light) causes Lorentz length contraction effect with a rate (7.1)- BUT- this rate is used with modification
(7.1/100) + 1 = 1.0725 - this is the rate proves the relativistic effects- because
This rate controls more than 40% Of All Data in the solar system – as the following data proves- no explanation for it except Lorentz length contraction effect-  
DATA No. (1) 
(243/224.7) = (29.53/27.3) = (27.3/25.4)= 1.0725 –where
243 days     = Venus Rotation Period  
224.7 days = Venus Orbital Period  
27.3 days    = The Moon Orbital Period  
29.53 days = The Moon Day Period  
25.4 days    = The Sun Rotation Period (At Equator)   
The data shows the consistency between Venus and the moon cycles periods
DATA No. (2) 
(778.6/721)= (721/670)= (670/629)=(1433/1325)=(1284/1205)= (2872/2644)= 1.0725
These are distances measured in millions km – let's define them
778.6, 721, 670 and 629 are the distances between Jupiter and the sun, Mercury, Venus and the Earth respectively.
1433, 1325, 1284, 1025 are the distances between Saturn and the sun, Venus, the Earth and Mars respectively.
2872 and 2644 are the distances between Uranus and the sun and Mars respectively.
Around (40%) of all distances in the solar system are rated with the rate (1.0725)
DATA No. (3) 
629 million km (The Earth Jupiter distance)= (1.0725)^2 x 551 million km (Jupiter Mars Distance)
4495.1 million km (Neptune Orbital Distance) =1.0725 x 2 x 2094 million km (Jupiter Uranus Distance)
5906 million km (Pluto Orbital Distance) = (1.0725)^2 x 5127 million km (Jupiter Pluto Distance)
5127 million km (Jupiter Pluto Distance)= (1.0725)^2 x 4437 million km (Mercury Neptune Distance)
2.574 million km (Earth motion distance daily) = 1.0725 x 2.4 million km (TheMoon Orbital Circumference)
DATA No. (4) 
(28.3/26.7)=(26.7/25.2)= (25.2/23.4)=(122.5/113.4)=(97.8/91.3)= 1.0725
The values (28.3 degrees, 26.7 degrees, 25.2 degrees, 23.4 degrees) are the axial tilts of (Neptune, Saturn, Mars and the Earth)  respectively – The values (122.5 degrees, 97.8 degrees) are the axial tilts of Pluto and Uranus-113.4 degrees =90 deg +23.4 deg and 91.3 deg =90 deg+ 1.3 deg (Jupiter orbital inclination)
(6) The Research Hypothesis
The Sun Is NOT Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays- Instead - The Planets Motions Energies Total Is Used To Produce The Sun Rays- That's Why The Sun Can Not Be Created Before The Planets Creation And Motion   
In Fact- The Sun Is A Phenomenon- created by the planets motions- means- The Planets were created and moving in their orbits before the sun creation- the planets were revolving around a point in space for a long period of time before the sun creation and the sun is created and put on this point around which the planets revolve-
NOW Let's Ask    How can that be possible?
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose the sun rays is created by this method
Means- the sun is Not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the sun rays is created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states - AND
I proved the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by any gravitational field- that shows the sun rays are created by the planets motions energies which are stored in the space in moving waves (gravitational waves)   
6-1 How Can Planet Motion Energy (Small Energy) Be Used To Produce The Sun Rays?
The planets motions use different rates of time- for example
(One Solar Day Of The Sun Clock=365.25 Solar Days Of The Earth Clock) why?
Because by this rate, the Earth motion energy total for one compete year can be used by the sun in one solar day only- 
In fact all planets motions energies total in 365.25 days can be used in one solar day by the sun- by this method the planets small motions energies can be accumulated and stored to be massive energy sufficient to produce the sun rays
Please note- this is a small rate of time- the greater one is
(One Solar Day Of The Sun Clock=1461 Solar Days Of The Wave Clock)
We know the unified wave velocity 205.8 km/s and in 1461 seconds the wave moves 300000 km but the sun clock doesn't see the period (1461 seconds) instead it sees only (one second) by that the wave moves by (speed of light relative to the sun point of space)
Also please note- this rate (1 =1461) enables the wave to move by speed of light relative to the sun but can NOT produce a light beam- the light beam production needs the rate (1=1461^2) –let's explain why in the next point
6-2 If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light – How Can It Produce A Light Beam?
It's simple question to answer
The unified wave (gravitational wave) moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)– but- the light beam can be produced by the value (C^2= squared speed of light)-
Now- we know the gravitational waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the wave velocity - Here we see what's happening
The unified wave (gravitational wave) moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)– and it's reflected that causes to square the wave velocity means the speed of light is squared and produced the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- and from this value the light beam is created –
In fact – The Light Beam Can Not Be Created Without The Wave Reflection- 
Means if the waves are not reflected in the solar system the sun can Never be Created
6-3 Why Is The Sun Nuclear Fusion Theory Wrong?
Let's remember
This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own
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This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose the sun rays is created by this method
Here we see major changes in the sun rays production visions – let's compare them
(i)
The sun nuclear fusion theory tells – the source of energy is the sun mass and the light production method is the nuclear fusion process – but the theory can't solve the problem of the sun corona temperature (5 million Kelvin) while the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin only – if the energy is produced by the sun mass how the outer energy can be so higher than the inner energy?
(ii)
My theory tells- the source of energy is the gravitational waves motions energies and the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- means- the sun rays is created from the planets motions energies total – this is the source of energy
And
The light beam production method is The Relative Motion- means- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space by different velocity = speed of light =C=300000 km/s and this wave is reflected which caused to square its speed and produced the value (C^2= squared speed of light) as different velocity between the sun point and the unified wave motions- means- the relative motion is the method by which the sun rays is created –
Please note- the article tells this fact-because it tells the gravitational waves can produce a light beam–by what method? By the gravitational waves motions- Shortly- the sun is the stationary point in the solar system and all motions are done relative to the sun point for that the gravitational waves move by speed of light relative to the sun point and when the wave is reflected and its speed is squared this is done for the different velocity between this wave and the sun motions by that the different velocity be (C^2= squared speed of light) that's why the light beam is created in the sun (in the sun corona and that causes the energy out of the sun to be so greater than the energy inside the sun because the energy comes from out of the sun and not from the sun body)
(7) The Solar System Description Refutation
The solar system general description is wrong in major facts which are
(1)
The sun is created by the planets motions BUT the solar system general description supposed the sun caused the planets motions
(2)
The planets motions are unified into one unified motion- means- the solar planets motions are unified and produces one unified motion (one result) BUT the solar system general description supposes each planet motion is independent from the other planets motions (means in place of one machine of gears produce one motion the physicist sees the planets motions are independent and different from each other) 
(3)
The solar system is created from one energy which caused the creation and motion of all planets and their distances BUT the solar system general description supposes each planet creation is independent from the others
(4)
The matter is created depending on its motion- means- the motion is defined before the matter creation- and the matter data is defined based on this motion BUT the solar system general description supposes the matter is found regardless any motion because it's the basic of the universe
(5)
The major point here is that-the motion is the universe cornerstone BUT the solar system general description supposes the matter (mass) is the universe cornerstone
(8) The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves The Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies (CONT)
Please read my paper
The Sun Can NOT Be Created Before The Planets Creation
or
or
or
and
A Great Gap Between The Physics Book And The Solar System Facts
or
thanks
Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292
Physics Department-  Physics & Mathematics  Faculty 
Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow  
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wayti-blog · 1 year ago
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"An international research team led by Michael Kramer and Kuo Liu from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, have studied magnetars to uncover an underlying law that appears to apply universally to neutron stars."
"To their surprise, the researchers found that the timescale of magnetars and that of the other types of neutron stars all follow the same universal relationship, scaling exactly with the rotation period. The fact that a neutron star with a rotation period of less than a few milliseconds and one with a period of nearly 100 seconds behave like magnetars suggests that the intrinsic origin of the subpulse structure must be the same for all radio-loud neutron stars.
This reveals information about the plasma process responsible for the radio emission itself, and it offers a chance to interpret similar structures seen in FRBs as the result of a corresponding rotational period.
"When we set out to compare magnetar emission with that of FRBs, we expected similarities," says Michael Kramer, first author of the paper and Director at MPIfR. "What we didn't expect is that all radio-loud neutron stars share this universal scaling."
"We expect magnetars to be powered by magnetic field energy, while the others are powered by their rotational energy," says Kuo Liu. "Some are very old, some are very young, and yet all seem to follow this law.""
continue reading article
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marinahalo98 · 2 years ago
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Leviathan Israel
Make no excuses and changes to the pattern of different kind of natural gas processes and other ailments involved around you. Here, you need to be assured of how you can bring a much-required change in the process of handling and changing the power and potential of natural gases in using leviathan Israel and other major resources. This should be done under complete and safe environment to attain results.
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spreadfire1 · 2 years ago
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Fun anecdote: Moss ancestors may have caused ice ages. 🏔️🧊❄️ Recent research shows that ancient moss could explain why the Ordovician ice ages occurred. When the ancestors of today's moss started to spread on land 470 million years ago, they absorbed CO2 from the atmosphere and extracted minerals by secreting organic acids that dissolved the rocks they were growing on. These chemically altered rocks in turn reacted with the atmospheric CO2 and formed new carbonate rocks in the ocean through the weathering of calcium and magnesium ions from silicate rocks. The weathered rocks also released a lot of phosphorus and iron which ended up in the oceans, where it caused massive algal blooms, resulting in organic carbon burial, extracting more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Small organisms feeding on the nutrients created large areas without oxygen, which caused a mass extinction of marine species, while the levels of CO2 dropped all over the world, allowing the formation of ice caps on the poles. Feel free to follow me for more!
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reasonsforhope · 1 year ago
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"Marginal improvements to agricultural soils around the world would store enough carbon to keep the world within 1.5C of global heating, new research suggests.
Farming techniques that improve long-term fertility and yields can also help to store more carbon in soils but are often ignored in favor of intensive techniques using large amounts of artificial fertilizer, much of it wasted, that can increase greenhouse gas emissions.
Using better farming techniques to store 1 percent more carbon in about half of the world’s agricultural soils would be enough to absorb about 31 gigatons of carbon dioxide a year, according to new data. That amount is not far off the 32 gigaton gap between current planned emissions reduction globally per year and the amount of carbon that must be cut by 2030 to stay within 1.5C.
The estimates were carried out by Jacqueline McGlade, the former chief scientist at the UN environment program and former executive director of the European Environment Agency. She found that storing more carbon in the top 30 centimeters of agricultural soils would be feasible in many regions where soils are currently degraded.
McGlade now leads a commercial organization that sells soil data to farmers. Downforce Technologies uses publicly available global data, satellite images, and lidar to assess in detail how much carbon is stored in soils, which can now be done down to the level of individual fields.
“Outside the farming sector, people do not understand how important soils are to the climate,” said McGlade. “Changing farming could make soils carbon negative, making them absorb carbon, and reducing the cost of farming.”
She said farmers could face a short-term cost while they changed their methods, away from the overuse of artificial fertilizer, but after a transition period of two to three years their yields would improve and their soils would be much healthier...
Arable farmers could sequester more carbon within their soils by changing their crop rotation, planting cover crops such as clover, or using direct drilling, which allows crops to be planted without the need for ploughing. Livestock farmers could improve their soils by growing more native grasses.
Hedgerows also help to sequester carbon in the soil, because they have large underground networks of mycorrhizal fungi and microbes that can extend meters into the field. Farmers have spent decades removing hedgerows to make intensive farming easier, but restoring them, and maintaining existing hedgerows, would improve biodiversity, reduce the erosion of topsoil, and help to stop harmful agricultural runoff, which is a key polluter of rivers."
-via The Grist, July 8, 2023
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