#direct trade

[happigreens]

Fair Trade

By going beyond accreditation practices, consumers and companies can reach those at the bottom of the global social production ladder. Nonetheless, these efforts require purchasers to take personal responsibility for their impact, rather than relying solely on certifications. Simply by being more thoughtful and ethical in our sourcing practices, we have a huge opportunity to create brighter futures for all people and their families throughout the supply chain.

https://borgenproject.org/fair-trade-product-markets/

Despite many well-intentioned consumer attitudes, fair trade product markets frequently feature marketing strategies that conjure up imperialistic images [...]

[...] In products marked as fair trade, the certification might only apply to the product’s raw materials, rather than the full process of production. [...] A 2014 study theorizes that these practices are somewhat effective, “although on a comparatively modest scale relative to the size of national economies"

Social Media conversations about Fair Trade Practices:

[From user seriousxdelirium] - Like almost all other labels for coffee, it's absolutely useless. It only applies to growers large enough to afford the fees, and is not regulated well enough to make meaningful impact on the industry. If you really care about this sort of thing, do some research and develop an understanding of what you think a fair price is for farmers, and ask roasters what they paid for that coffee. Most good roasters are willing to be transparent about that sort of thing, and even publish transparency reports where you get a breakdown of the entire transaction.

From user Ramakrishna Surathu:

[...] Here are some reasons why fair trade may not always be as fair as it seems [...]

1. Market Access and Power Imbalances: Fair trade initiatives often focus on small-scale producers in developing countries, who may face challenges in accessing global markets and negotiating fair prices. Power imbalances within supply chains, influenced by factors such as geography, politics, and market dynamics, can limit the ability of producers to fully benefit from fair trade practices.

2. Certification Costs and Barriers: Obtaining fair trade certification can be costly and time-consuming for producers, particularly small-scale farmers and artisans with limited resources. Certification fees, auditing expenses, and compliance with standards may pose financial barriers and administrative burdens, leading some producers to forego certification altogether.

3. Limited Impact on Poverty Alleviation: While fair trade aims to reduce poverty and improve livelihoods, its impact may be limited by systemic barriers and structural inequalities. Addressing poverty requires broader social, economic, and political interventions beyond the scope of fair trade alone, such as access to education, healthcare, land rights, and infrastructure.

4. Market Volatility and Price Instability: Fair trade prices are often based on predetermined minimums, which may not fully reflect fluctuations in global market prices. Producers may be exposed to market volatility and fluctuations in demand, which can impact their income and livelihoods, particularly in commodity markets subject to price instability.

5. Complexity of Supply Chains: Fair trade supply chains can be complex and challenging to navigate, especially in regions with limited infrastructure and logistical challenges. Ensuring compliance with fair trade standards, maintaining transparency, and traceability throughout the supply chain can require significant investment in monitoring and management systems.

[...] Some manufacturers also use tricks. For example, some products do not explain exactly which part of a product was produced fairly. Another trick is to increase the percentage of "fair" ingredients by subtracting out the water content. The credibility is of course "fair watered".

[...] The statement here should not be that fair trade is useless, but one should always question things or understand them better and not just be blindly guided by seals in the purchase decision. Since this works so well, manufacturers like to use such seals or make one up themselves.

[...] rather than cutting out the middle man, and offering farmers a more direct compensation for their work, Fair Trade still facilitates a level of bureaucracy that supports an uneven distribution of revenue.

[...] The price point that separates Fair Trade produce from the rest of the market is often significant enough that lower-income households cannot afford to budget for it. This means that Fair Trade cannot reach mass markets in a way that would really effect wide-scale change, and instead serves as a token gesture to alleviate the guilt of middle-class consumers.

[...] [premium pricing coffee] is a worthy move if the coffee is of a high quality, but if it is not of sufficient quality to merit this price tag, then it risks turning consumers away from Fair Trade produce, and further impeding its reach to mass markets [...]

Fair Trade is a concept worth embracing, but first it must prioritize effective and transparent processes of production and distribution. What Fair Trade aims to achieve is admirable, but what it could potentially achieve is far greater [...]

[coffeenewstom]

Kaffee in Gefahr? So erkennt man fairen Kaffee!

Die Zukunft des Kaffees ist ungewiss – bereits jetzt können Millionen von Kleinbauern nicht von ihrem Einkommen leben. Obwohl Deutschland zu den größten Kaffeekonsumländern in Europa gehört, werden nur 4,8 % des in Deutschland getrunkenen Kaffees fair gehandelt. Dazu kommen die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels, welche die verfügbaren Anbauflächen für Kaffee weltweit enorm schrumpfen lassen. Neue…

[scottbiffin]

How Scott Biffin Revolutionized Coffee Trading in Australia- A Historical Overview

The world of coffee trading has experienced significant changes over the years, especially in countries like Australia, where the coffee culture is deeply embedded in everyday life. One of the figures who stands out in revolutionizing the coffee trading landscape in Australia is Scott Biffin. Through his work under a renowned coffee trading company, Biffin’s contributions have transformed not just how coffee is sourced and traded but also how consumers experience it.

In this historical overview, we’ll explore how Scott Biffin, operating under his company, reshaped the coffee industry in Australia. We will dive into his innovative strategies, the challenges he overcame, and the milestones that defined his career.

The Early Challenges of Coffee Trading in Australia

Before Scott Biffin influence, coffee trading in Australia faced several key challenges. The supply chain was highly fragmented, with intermediaries playing dominant roles between coffee farmers and the end market. These intermediaries often increased costs for consumers and minimized profits for farmers. Additionally, there was a lack of transparency in the sourcing process, with little attention paid to sustainability or the ethical treatment of coffee farmers.

Australian consumers had developed a sophisticated palate for coffee, particularly with the rise of specialty cafes in cities like Sydney and Melbourne. However, despite their growing preference for high-quality coffee, many were unaware of the complicated and often exploitative nature of the global coffee trade.

This created an opportunity for someone like Scott Biffin, who saw the potential for a more efficient, transparent, and ethical system of coffee trading. Through his company, he set out to address these issues, revolutionizing the way coffee was traded in Australia.

Scott Biffin’s Entry into the Coffee Industry

Scott Biffin journey into the coffee industry began not with coffee itself but with a strong background in trading and commodities. Having gained experience in the financial sector, Biffin honed his skills in market analysis, risk management, and negotiation, all of which would later play a pivotal role in his coffee trading career.

Biffin's entry into the coffee industry was a result of his passion for creating value in markets that had long been underserved. He recognized that the coffee industry, particularly in Australia, had the potential to be more efficient and equitable. With a keen interest in global trade and a desire to merge his financial expertise with his passion for coffee, Biffin joined a coffee trading company known for its innovative approach to the business.

Founding of the Company and Vision

Upon joining the company, Scott Biffin set a clear vision for the future of coffee trading in Australia. His mission was simple but ambitious: to create a direct link between coffee producers and consumers, while ensuring that every stakeholder in the supply chain—especially the farmers—benefited fairly from the trade. The company’s business model focused on direct trade, bypassing unnecessary intermediaries and working directly with coffee producers to improve both quality and pricing.

Scott Biffin's company began to establish long-term partnerships with coffee farmers in regions like South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. By working closely with these producers, the company was able to offer better pricing, ensuring that the farmers were fairly compensated for their high-quality coffee. In return, the company received exclusive access to some of the best coffee beans in the world, which allowed it to meet the growing demand for specialty coffee in Australia.

The company also introduced transparency into the supply chain, giving both consumers and retailers a clearer understanding of where their coffee came from. Through these efforts, Biffin’s company pioneered ethical sourcing practices in Australia’s coffee industry, which had previously been dominated by opaque supply chains and unfair trading practices.

Revolutionizing Coffee Quality and Sourcing Standards

One of the most significant contributions Scott Biffin made to the coffee trading industry was his focus on improving coffee quality at every stage of the supply chain. Recognizing that the growing demand for specialty coffee required more rigorous sourcing standards, Biffin’s company implemented strict quality control measures.

Biffin believed that high-quality coffee should begin at the farm level. To achieve this, he worked closely with coffee farmers to implement best practices in cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest processing. The company provided farmers with the resources and education needed to improve their farming techniques, resulting in higher yields of better-quality beans.

In addition to supporting farmers, Biffin’s company also established long-term contracts with them, providing financial stability and encouraging sustainable farming practices. The company’s commitment to sustainability extended beyond the farm, as it also prioritized environmentally friendly packaging and transportation methods, further reducing the carbon footprint of its operations.

Biffin's dedication to quality and sustainability set a new standard in the Australian coffee industry. Cafes and roasters, many of whom had previously been indifferent to the sourcing process, began to prioritize ethical sourcing and higher-quality beans. This shift in focus helped propel Australia to the forefront of the global specialty coffee market.

Implementing Technology to Streamline Coffee Trading

Scott Biffin’s background in finance and trading gave him a deep understanding of market inefficiencies, which he sought to address through technology. Traditional coffee trading systems were slow, opaque, and reliant on a long chain of intermediaries. Recognizing the need for a more efficient and transparent system, Biffin’s company adopted innovative technologies to modernize coffee trading.

One of the key technological advancements introduced by the company was the creation of an online trading platform that connected coffee producers with buyers in real time. The platform allowed for seamless transactions, providing roasters and cafes with direct access to coffee producers without the need for intermediaries. This not only streamlined the process but also reduced costs for both parties.

The platform also provided a wealth of data, including real-time market prices, weather patterns in coffee-growing regions, and quality reports. This information allowed buyers to make informed decisions about their coffee purchases, ensuring they received the best possible product.

Furthermore, Biffin’s company was an early adopter of blockchain technology in coffee trading. Blockchain ensured full traceability of coffee beans from the farm to the cup, giving consumers confidence that their coffee was ethically sourced. This level of transparency became a key selling point for cafes and roasters who wanted to differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive market.

Navigating the Complexities of Global Coffee Markets

Operating within the volatile global coffee market presented numerous challenges, but Scott Biffin’s expertise in trading allowed him to successfully navigate these complexities. Coffee prices are subject to fluctuations due to factors like weather conditions, political instability in coffee-growing regions, and changes in global demand. For farmers, these fluctuations often meant financial instability, as they had little control over market prices.

Biffin’s company introduced innovative risk management strategies to mitigate the impact of these fluctuations on both farmers and buyers. By offering forward contracts, which locked in prices for future deliveries of coffee, Biffin provided farmers with financial security. Buyers, on the other hand, benefited from stable prices, allowing them to plan their purchases and maintain consistent profit margins.

In addition to managing price volatility, Biffin’s company also leveraged its global network to secure a diverse range of coffee beans. By sourcing coffee from multiple regions, the company was able to minimize the impact of disruptions in any one region, ensuring a steady supply of high-quality beans to Australian roasters.

Biffin’s strategic approach to global coffee markets helped Australia establish itself as a key player in the international coffee trade. Australian roasters and cafes, many of which had previously been dependent on a limited number of suppliers, now had access to a wider range of specialty coffees from around the world.

Building a Consumer-Driven Coffee Movement

While much of Scott Biffin’s work focused on improving the coffee trading system, he also played a significant role in shaping consumer preferences in Australia. As more consumers became interested in the origins of their coffee and the ethical implications of its production, Biffin’s company was at the forefront of this movement.

Through partnerships with cafes, roasters, and retailers, the company launched consumer education campaigns aimed at raising awareness about the importance of ethically sourced coffee. These campaigns emphasized the role of consumers in supporting sustainable coffee practices by choosing coffee that was transparently sourced and traded.

Biffin’s company also introduced limited-edition coffee releases, showcasing unique coffees from different regions and highlighting the farmers who produced them. These releases helped create a sense of connection between consumers and the people behind their coffee, fostering a deeper appreciation for the journey of the beans from farm to cup.

The company’s efforts to educate consumers and promote ethical coffee practices contributed to a growing demand for specialty coffee in Australia. Cafes and retailers that embraced this movement saw increased customer loyalty, as more consumers sought out coffee that aligned with their values.

Achieving Milestones in Coffee Trading

Throughout his career, Scott Biffin and his company achieved numerous milestones that solidified their position as leaders in the Australian coffee industry. These milestones included:

Direct trade partnerships with over 100 coffee farms in more than 20 countries, ensuring a steady supply of high-quality, ethically sourced coffee.

The launch of a sustainable coffee initiative, which provided farmers with access to environmentally friendly farming practices, leading to improved crop yields and better quality beans.

The development of a blockchain-based traceability system, giving consumers full transparency into the origins of their coffee and the conditions under which it was produced.

Collaborations with Australian cafes and roasters to introduce sustainably sourced coffee to mainstream consumers, contributing to the growth of the specialty coffee movement.

These milestones were a testament to Scott Biffin’s vision for a more transparent, sustainable, and equitable coffee trading system.

Conclusion: Scott Biffin’s Lasting Legacy

Scott Biffin’s work in revolutionizing coffee trading in Australia has had a profound and lasting impact on the industry. Through his innovative approach to sourcing, trading, and consumer education, Biffin has helped transform Australia into a leader in specialty coffee, known for its commitment to quality and sustainability.

By fostering direct relationships with coffee farmers, implementing cutting-edge technologies, and advocating for ethical sourcing practices, Biffin’s company has created a blueprint for the future of coffee trading. His contributions have not only improved the lives of coffee farmers but also enhanced the coffee experience for Australian consumers.

As the coffee industry continues to evolve, Scott Biffin legacy will undoubtedly inspire future generations of traders, roasters, and consumers to pursue a more ethical and sustainable path in the world of coffee.

[wolfnowl]

Child Labor in The Chocolate Industry – Shawn Askinosie

Worth reading... 🍫

[thecoffeetongue]

New Post has been published on

New Post has been published on https://coffeetongue.com/the_rise_of_specialty_coffee_shops_how_third_wave_coffee_is_changing_the_industry/

The Rise of Specialty Coffee Shops: How Third Wave Coffee is Changing the Industry

   Coffee has come a long way since the days of instant and drip-brew. In recent years, a new movement has emerged in the world of coffee, known as third-wave coffee. This movement is characterized by a focus on quality and sustainability, and it has brought about a resurgence in the popularity of specialty coffee shops. In this article, we’ll explore the rise of specialty coffee shops and how third-wave coffee is changing the industry. We’ll examine the history of specialty coffee, the defining characteristics of third-wave coffee, and the role of specialty coffee shops in this movement. We’ll also discuss the impact of third-wave coffee on the coffee industry and other industries, as well as the challenges and opportunities facing specialty coffee shops.

  The History of Specialty Coffee

A. The first wave of coffee can be traced back to the early 1900s when coffee became widely available to consumers through mass production and marketing. This wave was characterized by the rise of instant coffee and the proliferation of coffee chains such as Dunkin’ Donuts and Starbucks. The focus was on making coffee readily accessible and convenient for consumers.

B. The second wave of coffee began in the 1960s and lasted until the early 2000s. This wave was characterized by a focus on the quality of coffee and the emergence of specialty coffee shops. During this time, coffee became more than just a commodity, and consumers began to pay attention to the origin, roast, and flavor of their coffee. This wave also saw the popularization of espresso-based drinks and latte art.

C. The emergence of specialty coffee can be traced back to the 1980s when a group of coffee enthusiasts began to focus on sourcing and roasting high-quality beans. This movement was driven by a desire to showcase the unique flavors and characteristics of different coffee beans. Specialty coffee shops began to open up, offering customers a more personalized coffee experience. The emergence of the internet and the ability to source beans from around the world further fueled the growth of specialty coffee. Today, specialty coffee has become a global phenomenon, with coffee lovers seeking out the best roasters and beans from around the world.

  The Third Wave of Coffee

The third wave of coffee is a movement that emerged in the early 2000s and is characterized by a focus on quality, sustainability, and a more artisanal approach to coffee.

A. Definition of third-wave coffee is a movement that seeks to elevate coffee to an artisanal food, much like wine or craft beer. It focuses on the origin and processing of the beans, the roasting process, and the brewing techniques used to prepare the coffee. Third-wave coffee also emphasizes the importance of sustainability, fair trade practices, and the relationship between the coffee grower and the consumer.

B. Characteristics of third-wave coffee One of the defining characteristics of third-wave coffee is the emphasis on the quality of the coffee. Third-wave coffee shops will often only serve single-origin coffee, which means that the beans are sourced from a single farm or region and are not blended with beans from other sources. This allows customers to taste the unique flavors and characteristics of different beans.

Another characteristic of third-wave coffee is the focus on the brewing process. Third-wave coffee shops will often use alternative brewing methods, such as pour-over, siphon, or cold brew, to extract the flavors of the beans. This approach requires more time and attention to detail but results in a more nuanced and flavorful cup of coffee.

C. The focus on quality and sustainability The third wave of coffee places a strong emphasis on quality and sustainability. Coffee roasters and shops will often source their beans directly from small, independent growers who use sustainable and ethical practices. This allows the growers to receive a fair price for their beans and ensures that the coffee is of the highest quality.

The third wave of coffee also emphasizes the importance of environmental sustainability. Roasters and shops will often use compostable or recyclable packaging, and they may have a focus on reducing waste and energy use. This sustainability focus helps to ensure that the coffee industry is not only producing high-quality coffee but is also doing so in a way that is ethical and responsible.

  Specialty Coffee Shops

Specialty coffee shops are an essential component of the third wave of coffee. These shops offer customers a more personalized and elevated coffee experience and play a vital role in the growth and popularity of third-wave coffee.

A. The growth of specialty coffee shops have seen significant growth in recent years, with consumers increasingly seeking out high-quality coffee and a unique coffee shop experience. These shops often offer a more relaxed and intimate atmosphere than traditional coffee chains, and they may serve a range of alternative drinks and food items, such as matcha or artisanal pastries.

Many specialty coffee shops also have a focus on community and may host events or provide a space for customers to work or socialize. This focus on community helps to create a loyal customer base and can contribute to the success of the shop.

B. The importance of the coffee shop experience Specialty coffee shops offer customers a more personalized and elevated coffee experience than traditional coffee chains. The atmosphere of the shop, the quality of the coffee, and the interactions with the barista all contribute to this experience.

Specialty coffee shops will often have a focus on customer service, with baristas who are knowledgeable about the coffee and brewing methods and who can provide recommendations based on the customer’s preferences. This personalized approach helps to create a unique and memorable coffee shop experience that customers are more likely to return to.

C. The role of the barista is a crucial component of the specialty coffee shop experience. Baristas are often highly trained and knowledgeable about the coffee and brewing methods used in the shop. They play a vital role in ensuring that the coffee is prepared correctly and that the customer has a positive experience.

In addition to brewing and serving coffee, baristas may also educate customers about the origin and characteristics of the beans used in the shop, and they may provide recommendations on brewing methods or other drinks. The barista’s expertise and passion for coffee can help to create a welcoming and knowledgeable environment in the coffee shop, contributing to its success.

  Third Wave Coffee and the Industry

The third wave of coffee has had a significant impact on the coffee industry, as well as on other industries that are closely related to coffee. This section will explore the influence of third-wave coffee and the challenges and opportunities facing third-wave coffee shops.

A. The impact of third-wave coffee on the coffee industry The rise of third-wave coffee has disrupted the traditional coffee industry, which has long focused on low-cost, high-volume production. Third-wave coffee has instead prioritized quality and sustainability, leading to a shift in consumer preferences and a demand for higher-quality coffee.

This shift has led to the growth of specialty coffee shops and the emergence of artisanal coffee roasters. It has also led to a greater focus on direct trade and ethical sourcing practices, with coffee producers and consumers alike becoming more aware of the environmental and social impacts of coffee production.

B. The influence of third-wave coffee on other industries The influence of third-wave coffee extends beyond the coffee industry, as other industries have taken note of the success of specialty coffee shops and the importance of the customer experience. Restaurants, bars, and hotels have all started to place greater emphasis on the quality of their coffee offerings and the training of their staff.

In addition, third-wave coffee has also influenced the design and architecture of coffee shops, with many shops opting for a minimalist and modern aesthetic that prioritizes natural materials and an open layout. This design trend has spilled over into other industries, such as retail and hospitality, where the focus on creating an immersive and memorable customer experience has become increasingly important.

C. The challenges and opportunities facing third-wave coffee shops While the growth of third-wave coffee has been significant, there are also challenges facing specialty coffee shops. One of the main challenges is the high cost of quality beans and the need for skilled labor, which can make it difficult for small coffee shops to compete with larger chains.

However, there are also opportunities for specialty coffee shops to differentiate themselves from traditional coffee chains by offering a more unique and personalized customer experience. Shops can also take advantage of the growing demand for sustainable and ethically sourced coffee and can differentiate themselves by sourcing from independent growers and using environmentally friendly packaging.

Overall, the rise of third-wave coffee has disrupted the coffee industry and has led to a greater emphasis on quality, sustainability, and the customer experience. While there are challenges facing specialty coffee shops, there are also opportunities for these shops to continue to differentiate themselves and grow in the coming years.

  Conclusion

The rise of third-wave coffee has brought about significant changes in the coffee industry, with a greater emphasis on quality, sustainability, and the customer experience. Specialty coffee shops have emerged as a key player in this shift, providing consumers with unique and personalized coffee experiences.

Despite the challenges facing specialty coffee shops, the continued growth of third-wave coffee and the influence it has on other industries are promising signs for the future. As consumers become increasingly aware of the environmental and social impacts of coffee production, the demand for sustainable and ethically sourced coffee is likely to continue to grow.

It is important to support specialty coffee shops that prioritize sustainability and ethical sourcing practices, as well as independent coffee growers who are working to produce high-quality, environmentally friendly coffee. By doing so, we can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable coffee industry and enjoy a delicious and unique coffee experience at the same time.

In conclusion, the rise of third-wave coffee has transformed the coffee industry, and the continued growth and influence of specialty coffee shops are signs of a promising future for coffee lovers everywhere.

[fluffyartbl0g]

Everytime I go into the Zosopp tag, I just see people SCREAMING CRYING SOBBING about the lack of posts IN the Zosopp tag. THE ZOSOPP ECONOMY IS IN SHAMBLES

[marisatomay]

The Interview with the Vampire movie had its 30th anniversary this week so here is the portion of Tom Cruise’s 1994 Interview Magazine interview in character as Lestat

[probablyasocialecologist]

Among the most militant workers on strike are members of the CGT working in the energy sector, who have promised to “bring the economy to its knees”. One of its tactics is the “Robin Hood strategy” where workers cut the power to the rich, and give it away for free to the poor.

Fabrice Coudour, Federal Secretary in charge of protest action in the CGT Federation for Mines and Energy, told Novara Media that electricians and gas engineers “can perform technical actions that render electricity free or very cheap to public buildings like hospitals, creches and schools”. They can cut the power to “those that we judge to be non-essential, like the offices of officials who do not want to hear what is being said in the streets”. In February, Cyrille Isaac-Sibille, an MP aligned to the presidential majority, who supports the unpopular pension reform, found the power to his offices had been cut, by workers in the local CGT branch in Lyon.

Actions take place outside work hours, at night mostly or with workers not using their own vehicles to avoid identification, as workers could be fired or face charges for the actions.

Each local group votes and then individuals take the actions secretly, outside of the central union bureaucracy.

CGT officials are coy about the Robin Hood actions. They know they occur, and can tell you how they operate, but will not tell you in exact terms where or when they will take place or who is doing them.

[...]

Mathieu Trenel, an electrician and secretary general of CGT Energy in Essonne said the energy is supplied for free or cheap by workers tampering with the meters of certain premises so as to undercount their usage.

Trenel said that in order to “balance public opinion in favour of the energy workers” they offer it cheaply or free “to people in precarious situations such as isolated parents in poor areas or small businesses who are finding it harder and harder to pay their bills due to the rising cost of energy.”

[sturionic]

In the course of spiralling down an internet rabbit hole today, I found a truly excellent essay about the trials and tribulations of fandom: How To BNF Without Tears, by Walter A. Willis

If you are familiar with the term BNF (Big-Name Fan), you may have heard it in the context of early-aughts fandoms, or some configuration of superwholock. But this article is from 1954!

Please enjoy these excerpts:

Very well, let's consider a day in the life of this wretched Neofan. Brighteyed, the little fellow wakes early, listening for the tread of the postman. His ears are so sensitive to this faint sound that he will leap out of bed, every nerve quivering, when the man is a hundred yards away ….. whereas before he became a fan a whole battery of alarm clocks barely fluttered an eyelid.

It's me, I'm the wretched little fellow refreshing my AO3 inbox, nerves a-quivering

Consider now a day in the life of the BNF. He too is driven from pillow to post, but since he was up to two o'clock in the morning finishing an article he had promised for ten days ago, the postman has to knock twice to waken him. He staggers down the stairs, observing with a sinking feeling that the porch is covered with a layer of various sized envelopes[....]Some of the letters are from his friends, and he puts those in his pocket to be enjoyed later. Some are from self-appointed enemies, and he puts those aside until he feels stronger. The rest are from Neofen. Some of them want subscriptions to his fanzine. Some want information. Some want material for their fanzine. Nearly all of them are rude.

1954 equivalent of "RIP your inbox"

Now, on the way the BNF handles this mail depends whether he shall stay in fandom or retire suffering from chronic disenchantment like so many others[...]So I am going to suggest some rules which you might consider following when you become a BNF. (All that is necessary to become a BNF is to maintain a reasonably energetic standard of fanactivity for approximately two years.)

And then our friend Walter goes on to advise BNFs to "comment on as many first issues [of fanzines] as you can, and always find something to praise," "Always be polite and kind to Neofans," and to take the piss out of yourself: "Humourous attacks on you should be encouraged -- they add to the interest of fandom, rank as egoboo, and might give you something to write about." (Walter also warns on the dangers of attending conventions, and advises that you wear a false beard to maintain anonymity.)

Of course, I had to know: what fandom were these guys in?

So I did a little digging. Walter mentions a "Ken Potter" in his letter. Turns out Ken Potter ran multiple science fiction fanzines through the 1950's and 60's, including Brennschluss, Triumph and Scientifiction.

A scan of Brenschluss, containing such gems as "tho I did once kiss a girl" and "Isn't Fandom romantic!"

Additional glossary for some terms used in Walter's essay:

"Egoboo": A colloquial expression for the pleasure received from public recognition of voluntary work. Originated in science fiction fandom as early as 1947

"Hectoed" fanzine: A method of copying text and illustrations that fell out of fashion after the 1940's. It involves involves making a bed of gelatin, transferring a special carbon ink to the gelatin and then laying on and picking up pieces of paper.

"Faned": Slang for "fan editor," aka the editor of a fandom publication, usually a zine.

[too-many-rooks]

an au where Taverner agrees to giving River up to Frank would be crazy because like... would mi-5 even hope river would feed them back info? or would it be like just getting rid of a loose end like Taverner wanted to do since the training exercise? it's such a wild train of thought I love it

One of the reasons I’m so obsessed with Frank is all the myriad ways that he could totally mess River up, and why the idea of Taverner agreeing to Frank’s pitch, or maybe part of his blackmail failsafe demands being to let him nab him River is so fun, is that there’s just so many potential takes on it, and they’re all super interesting! Bc, yeah, yes all of these! Would there be a hope/expectation from River to be feeding information back, even after he’s essentially been sold and burned by them, and presumably growing increasingly indoctrinated and under Frank’s control? Mi5 have apparently been using Frank to do their dirt work for years, so is River joining the family assassin business/cult presented as just like… a wild secondment from Slough House?

Would Diana be tempted to just get rid of the problem/ constant thorn in her side that is River Cartwright? @sloughhousestaircase made the really interesting point of Diana being like ‘where were you x months ago when I needed to ditch this kid?’ Bc yeah, if Frank had approached her before River was sent to Slough House, and came under the protection of Lamb, and Diana still trying to figure out how to get rid of him, would she have been more tempted? Would she be able to pitch it to a much less disillusioned and more naive River as an undercover operation - but would she be able to mantain any level of control over him once he’s with Frank, and realising who he is, and how they’re connected?

Me and @countessrivers, who are very much driving the ‘River being part of his dads assassin cult’ train, have pitched each other a bunch of different ideas for how a Diana trading River scenario would go down, which a range across a whole spectrum of au’s from like, post s3 developing werewolf River needing to be trained and controlled (to be used as an asset by Diana,) and Frank coming in as like the werewolf specialist, (and then obviously indoctrinating his son and bringing him back to the werewolf pack at Les Arbres.)

Or more closely following on canon, Frank’s promise in the books that they’ll ‘talk soon’, maybe Frank finally being able to have a drink with his son once he’s finally out of extensive debriefing/medical treatment for Thames water in the lungs, which he can achieve by breaking into River’s flat and waiting for him and drugging his glass to knock him out, and making it easier to take his son home without any fuss.

There’s just, so many ways Frank could absolutely fuck up River’s life. And I think that’s beautiful.

[serpentface]

I’m sorry to keep bombarding you with questions; but I really love your worldbuilding, and the story so far.

You’ve established that cannibalism is a serious taboo in Wardi culture, which overlaps with a hatred of scavenging animals. You’ve also established that Cynozepal funeral rites involve cannibalism and/or feeding the body to scavenging birds. Do these differing religous practices contribute to Wardi racism/xenophobia against Lunar Travelers and other Caelin?

Cynozepal is very, very far away (VERY approximately the distance between Japan and England, though the landmass is laid out differently and travel between the two regions by sea is MUCH easier (though still pretty prohibitively far) than this irl distance comparison) and is not a major contributor to overseas trade, so direct cultural interaction is rare and the (already quite rare) caelin immigrants/traders/travellers in Imperial Wardin are almost never of Cynozepali ethnicities. But it IS known (in inaccurate, warped ways) and does have effects.

Traditional and contemporary Wardi religion holds that the only guaranteed way to reach the afterlife is to have the body be prevented from rot or consumption, and being cremated whole and intact. The soul remains in the body after death and has to be sent off by fire, allowing the soul to travel intact to the afterlife in the Lunar lands. Being allowed to rot or be consumed will instead trap the spirit as an earthbound ghost, a restless and dismal afterlife which may warp the soul into an evil spirit. (There are workarounds if a body is found rotten or partly eaten involving rites that attempt to call the spirit back to the body so it can be sent off in fire, but this is not ideal). A lot of racist/xenophobic rhetoric tends to focus on funerary practices of 'heathens' and/or 'barbarians' who allow their dead to rot, and those who perform sky burials are particularly reviled as uniquely damning the souls of their dead (Finns and some Royal Dain along the Viper practice sky burial, which is used as one of many justifications for extreme bigotry).

Ritual consumption of the dead by people is basically unheard of in the surrounding region and is imagined as among the most hideous acts of barbarity, almost inconceivable as a cultural practice rather than an act of insanity. It's something that would occur in tall tales and horror stories, surely not something any people would actually do. The average person in the Imperial Wardi sphere is not going to even begin to try and understand that these practices, where they occur, are also means of honoring and laying the dead to rest, and instead imagines it as the utmost depraved brutality.

Cynozepal is Known in the region but almost never directly interacted with (due to aforementioned distance and its lack of major involvement in overseas trade). It is instead heavily mythologized and described through tall tales, and many of these center on heavily distorted descriptions of the common native sky burial practices (part of which involve Lunar Emissary monks processing the body and consuming the organs that house the souls, and taking a day long flight following the sun, thus delivering the dead to the Solar Dragon and sending them to rest). Absolutely none of the nuance or meanings of this practice is retained or acknowledged, and it is twisted into descriptions of a race of bloodthirsty cannibals who damn their own dead, and have a sort of boogeyman status as a horrible but distant foreign evil, thank God they're so far away northwest, etc.

It's actually established canon that a troupe of Lunar Travellers made it all the way to Imperial Wardin (arriving via ship at Godsmouth) in the fourth year of the famine, which was a rare direct exposure to any strand of Cynozepali religion in the worst possible way, by the worst possible representatives, and at the worst possible time. The Travellers represent an EXTREMELY niche and radical offshoot of Cynozepali religious traditions, being a proselytizing doomsday cult and sometimes allowing their vultures to consume the dead without consent (they conceptualize this as a benevolent act, saving the souls of the dead from annihilation at the world's impending doom). (This sect tends to be pretty patronizingly xenophobic themselves, seeing their act as saving ignorant foreigners whether they like it or not). This often subjects them to violence even in more accepting, less hostile contexts, and most believe that spreading the Word of the endtimes is worth the risk.

There tends to be low tolerance for the active proselytizing of foreign religions in general in Imperial Wardin, and especially not ones from people hauling around vultures and warning that the end is nigh and the masses of famine dead must be consumed in sky burial to be saved, lest they be annihilated at the world's ending. All members of the troupe were killed by a mob, and a wave of violence towards the city's small caelin population (who were mostly Czekl traders and not even remotely connected) followed, with many being forced to flee.

The news of this occurrence spread throughout Imperial Wardin and was a small but significant contribution to mass cultural anxieties at the time- God is severed from its lands, the land is dying, the people are dying, the worst types of ~Foreign Evil~ imaginable are infiltrating to desecrate the dead. It pretty quickly became mythologized and twisted into stories that the countrysides are now crawling with the far western cannibal dragonfolk, descending like crows to feast on the dead.

[coffeenewstom]

Café Erika

Kommen wir gleich einmal zu einer Empfehlung aus dem aktuellen Buch von Diana Hillebrand “Zuhause im Café“: das Café Erika in Untersendling. Namenspatronin war die Großtante der Betreiberin, die als Hauswirtschafterin bei den Großeltern gearbeitet hat und der Lebensmittelpunkt der Familie war. Esther Szolnoki macht es ihrer Großtante nach und schafft einen Mittelpunkt im Quartier, bei dem sich…

[iwritenarrativesandstuff]

I'm probably going to do a terrible job of articulating myself here but every time I think about the worldbuilding in Hatoful Boyfriend, I think about the implications of having the birds simply have adopted the structure and policies of human society and go insane.

It's clearly originally just for the ridiculousness of it all for the players, but AGH it explains so much regarding the extremely rampant classism/racism/speciesism and how apparently normalized it is. It also, to me, adds a bit of moral nuance to the Dove - Hawk Party conflict.

(Long post under the cut. I'm so sorry I just kept going.)

First off, I'm obsessed with the concept of the birds becoming sapient and simply... taking over a society that was not structured for them. It leads to difficulties in universe! Bird wings are not made for doing tasks that human hands can do naturally - there's a couple instances where the characters ask for Hiyoko's assistance or express envy since she can just do the task more easily than they can. The birds are outright disadvantaged in certain areas of life, and yet, the society is in such turmoil due to the newness of it all that there still aren't really any workarounds for stuff like this.

Not that there haven't been any suggested solutions, such as the Labor 9 series, put forward initially by the Dove Party. Yeah, you know, that one throwaway line about how the party that up until this point have been the "good guys" wanted to take still semi-conscious human brains and make robotic slaves out of them Cyberman-style? What the hell. And what gets me is that Shuu was able to find the initial proposal, which he really only made tweaks to, which means that the project was at least close to being finished on the conceptual/planning/design phase before somebody went "hey this is a little fucked up actually".

The Dove Party wants peaceful coexistence with the humans, while the Hawk Party wants to eliminate humanity entirely. But we don't really go into how these two lines of thought evolved. I believe I have a suggestion for at least one part of the puzzle though.

Of all the birds in Hatoful, who enjoys the most privileges and the highest status? Fantails, it would seem. A breed of pigeon that is popular as a pet, considered beautiful and sought after, and achieve high accolades in shows and competitions - for clarity's sake, fantails were valuable in human society, and this status appears to have transferred when birds became sapient and took over. Conversely, which birds are ranked lower and often blocked from entering certain higher class places? Rock doves, who, in human society, are given an unfairly bad reputation, and considered anything from unclean and dirty, to nuisances, to pests. Again, this status transferred over when the birds took over.

So, while we don't know too many of the birds who make up the agents of the Dove and Hawk Party, let's take a look at who we do know of.

Fantails (Yuuya, Dove Party) are considered valuable over other doves and pigeons for being specially bred for their striking tail feathers

Cockatiels (Leone, Dove Party) are some of the most popular and beloved companion birds, kept as pets and considered very friendly

Rock doves (Ryuuji, Hawk Party) are considered unclean pests who receive a bad reputation, and are generally not treated with respect or appreciation <;- notable thing to mention here is that Ryuuji actually does like humans - I think he was only Hawk affiliated for the grant money and research facilities, which... fair enough man.

Chukar partridges (Shuu/Isa, Hawk Party) are game birds, specifically bred and released to be killed and eaten, and considered a delicacy

...do you... see what's going on here?

(I haven't mentioned Tohri as he's a special case. Give me a minute and I'll get to him!)

The birds we see in the Dove Party are those birds that were already viewed in a more favourable light by humans, a favourability that transferred over to their new society. Of course they are more likely to advocate for coexistence! They have less to lose, overall. And the Labor 9 series, and how that could've ever been suggested in the first place, suddenly makes a lot of sense. For many of these birds, society the way it exists now benefits them. Some of these high ranking Dove Party folks may be less about actual peace and justice (like Yuuya or Leone) and more about maintaining the current order of things - humans coexisting under their control, while they get to maintain their status... which is itself a product of human invention.

The birds we see in the Hawk Party, by contrast, are looked down on or hunted. Historically, even before bird sapience, they did not have a harmonious relation with humans - and it's likely this status carried over to their new society also, with many of these birds being more likely to have been disenfranchised. Their goal of elimination is therefore reactionary towards perceived threat. After all, the people who suffer when things go wrong aren't the ones at the top - it's all the people who sit at the bottom of the social rung; the vulnerable members of society who do not enjoy the same advantages as others.

Of course, the Hawk Party has built itself up into such a powerful group that they may have lost touch with this starting foundation - the only thing that remains is likely that reactionary fear. After all, people caught up in the actual conflict - Nageki, Hitori, Ryouta, and Hiyoko - see this kind of horrible bloodshed firsthand (firstwing?) and just want it to stop.

Again, it's not usually the people in these political factions who are the ones caught up in their conflict. It's the individuals who lack power or influence.

But that's just the political groups themselves. On an individual level, it's kind of interesting to look at and theorize where along the spectrum our core cast falls based on their species/breed.

Ryouta (rock dove) is actually rather indifferent towards humanity as a whole - he just likes Hiyoko. However, his witnessing of the Heartful House tragedy led him to abhor violence and unnecessary loss of life, and I'd imagine his mother's later illness solidified this. Ryouta doesn't seem overly interested in political struggles or the broader implications of a lot of things - he's actually a rather self-oriented character when it comes down to it (this is not a judgment, nor a bad thing! I love my boy!). Ryouta just doesn't want to lose people, really. A conflict would mean more loss, and rock doves seem to have to struggle enough as is.

Hiyoko (human) is the daughter of two diplomats, but interestingly, we don't get to see much of her political views on things - perhaps because even if she expressed them, it wouldn't really matter - she's not herself a diplomat, and humans are the lowest of the low - her going to a fancy school doesn't really change that. Social-wise, except with her friends, she is tolerated, not accepted. Yet, it's safe to say that Hiyoko strongly disapproves of people who flaunt their status - she's quick to not take crap from Sakuya, to get angry on behalf of Ryouta and herself over the gull clerk's assholery, and also to defend Miru and Kaku as living beings worthy of respect. Interestingly though, she also uses Okosan's status as a fantail to get Ryouta to let go of him and let him do whatever he wants so... it's kind of unclear what her firm beliefs are. Perhaps, as a human, she still values fantails more highly. I don't know honestly. Implicit bias?

Sakuya, Yuuya and Okosan (fantail pigeons) may share the same breed, but their experiences are highly different. Sakuya is largely separate from the human-bird conflict, as he is unlikely to be directly affected by it. As such, a lot of his story and development has to do with actually learning and un-learning about the world outside of the limitations of his "father's" classist views, which he simply mimics without understanding the larger implications. Yuuya and Okosan, on the other hand, may be fantails, but are also looked down on and often treated as inferior - Yuuya for being a "half-breed" and for his reputation, and Okosan for being closer to feral than a lot of other doves. Interestingly, these two show more interest and respect for the individual than Sakuya does, who often makes sweeping generalizations based on status - which makes sense to a degree, as they've been on the receiving end of this kind of treatment, whereas Sakuya hasn't. Okosan believes that each person has their own "wonderful names" (read: identity outside of breed or status), while Yuuya is a genuine fighter for justice who is able to get to the heart of people, especially in Holiday Star. However, even though they have experienced classism, they still have certain privileges with regards to species/race - take Okosan's shock when Hiyoko and Ryouta are barred entry from his favourite store. None of them are quite as out of place in everyday society as some of the other birds here, and it's notable that "diverse" St. Pigeonations still apparently has a significant fantail student population.

Shuu (chukar partridge) is really interesting, as he doesn't particularly care for the politics of the Hawk Party, and yet his role as a killer/hunter of both his fellow birds and humans is an interesting reversal of the chukar being a game bird. Shuu also has a disability (his semi-paralyzed right side) which hinders him in bird society even more than most. His extreme, yet coldly logical solution to kill all humans to stop the fighting between them, could be as much his rationality, as his joy in the sadistic, as a reactionary survivalism (remember he was caught up in a human terrorist attack as a child - while overall he considered this beneficial to him, he also did lose much of his colour vision and the use of his right side, so it did leave him weakened). Shuu attains control by "flipping the script" as it were.

Tohri (golden pheasant) starts out in the Hawk Party, but much like his colleagues, doesn't seem to care much for their politics. Golden pheasants are game birds whose eggs can be eaten, but are more often bred and kept for their plumage - they're not prey, but they're not exactly pets either. All this puts Tohri in this interesting position of being somewhat in the middle of this conflict, and indeed he goes on to be a part of (found?) the Crow Party - an opportunistic group that seeks to benefit from the overall conflict. Golden pheasants are birds intended to be admired for their beauty and intelligence more than anything else, benefitting in some ways from humans without a strong connection or a reliance, and Tohri's opportunism fits nicely with that. (As an aside, our sole crow character, Albert, is also something of an opportunist, being an assassin on the fringes of society.)

Hitori and Kazuaki (button quails) are somewhat interesting. It would be both expected and understandable if Hitori held hatred for humanity after the Heartful House incident, or even before then, considering they were all war orphans. Instead, he doesn't seem to harbour any particular ill-will - he seems totally fine around Hiyoko, and her being a human has nothing to do with his reticence with letting Nageki hang out with her in the shrine universe. Kazuaki, too, doesn't seem to mind Hiyoko being human and isn't afraid of her any more than he is anyone else. While quails are game birds, with both meat and eggs being eaten, button quails are too tiny for that and are mostly kept as pets - they are considered cute, silly, and entertaining, though a bit too jumpy to be outright companion birds. The quails don't seem to experience too much in the way of speciesism (except arguably with the whole mistaken identity of Kazuaki's corpse... there may be a bit of an "all quails look the same" thing going on perhaps). At the very least, they are able to occupy teaching positions at a renowned school as respected intellectuals, and did go to university. Still, it's kind of a known thing that you don't put button quails with bigger, more dominant birds, since larger birds will often pick on them or even outright try to kill them simply because they're small and shy - this may, in hindsight, explain some of Kazuaki's demeanour.

Nageki (mourning dove) and Anghel (luzon bleeding heart dove) are the two who are uncommon bird species in Japan. Nageki is another war orphan, who would be forgiven for harbouring resentment for humanity, but instead is appalled at the violence and made a huge sacrifice to get it to stop. It's kind of unclear how Nageki fits into this society, as mourning doves are not prey or pets - they're wild birds. They live on the outside of the human world, and while Nageki exists within current bird society, he likely doesn't have a designated status within it. Nageki is unfortunately also alienated from much of the action due to his illness and later his untimely death - this is why a lot of Nageki's thoughts are somewhat from an observer's perspective, with his most emotional moments being derived from his rare direct experiences - specifically the Heartful House tragedy and the human killings he was forced into, which solidified a really firm stance of not wanting anyone to suffer like that. Anghel is another outsider, this time genuinely a foreigner, as opposed to Nageki. Again, Luzons are wild birds, not prey or pets, and so it's a bit unclear what his status is. This might explain why Hiyoko repeats Sakuya's remarks towards him without apparently realizing they're actually insults - Anghel is removed enough from the conflict she is familiar with that it seems she doesn't quite... get it. Again, Anghel's role is as this strange kind of omniscient observer, whose perspective is closer to the player's than to the rest of the cast. He definitely frowns on the Hawk Party's overall goal - the Demon Spores are evil to him, and his main objective is to stop them from spreading, as they would cause damage to both birds and humans. I attribute his morals to his mother having raised him right lol. The lack of a clear status for both of them may be why they appear to take the stance of judgment based on individual actions, but are not heavily involved in the conflict itself - while humans tend to like mourning doves and luzons, there isn't much interaction that goes on between them. Nageki and Anghel are simply less embroiled in bird society's human-derived status conflict, which makes them both outsiders and observers.

As a bonus note, Azami, Rabu and Kenzaburou are all species of birds that can be kept as pets (java sparrow, budgie, parakeet), which may account for some of their friendliness towards Hiyoko, and Kenzaburou's willingness to hire her. Kenzaburou is even a bit old-fashioned it seems - he sleeps in a cage, which implies his ancestors were probably pet birds themselves. It's likely he, in particular, has more positive views on humans.

...Please tell me I'm not the only one who spent ages thinking about the implications and workings of a fictional post-apocalyptic bird society. Also I hope this made sense I kind of went off the rails here.

[toad-in-a-trenchcoat]

Honey-colored sweethearts

My part for AT with @butterpuffed

[sneakyboymerlin]

I have said it before, but Kilgharrah has a parallel-opposite arc to Morgana. His character is redeemed in the same streak of episodes where Morgana goes from an ally to a major villain. While Kilgharrah was often self-serving and manipulative in the first 2 seasons, this changes by the end of season 2 because Merlin chooses to show him mercy after incapacitating him. It’s the first real kindness that Kilgharrah has experienced in well over 20 years. Whereas, when Merlin shows Morgana mercy by making the deal with Morgause to save her after she’s been incapacitated, Morgana returns more vengeful than ever. Back to Kilgharrah, though…

Not only does he indebt himself to Merlin, he comes to see Merlin in an entirely new way. Before, when he would call Merlin kin, it was in the most literal sense—both are creatures of magic, cut from the same cloth, and should be allies. But now, they’ve formed a bond from that kinship (and in a literal soul connection sense, too, no less). Kilgharrah’s plea strikes Merlin with so much force because they’re both now the last of their kind, and Merlin cannot help but consider and understand what Kilgharrah has been through, despite the destruction he’s caused, because it’s happened to Merlin, too. When they see each other next, this is what they have to say:

Merlin: I didn't think you'd answer my call.

Kilgharrah: Merlin, I could not resist a dragonlord, even if I wanted to.

Merlin: I’m grateful, thank you.

Let’s focus on that: “…even if I wanted to.” Kilgharrah did not want to resist Merlin’s call for help because he’s come to care about Merlin in his own way. This development is easily traced back to Merlin’s show of mercy. It cannot be stressed enough: this was the first kindness Kilgharrah had been shown in over 20 years, after rotting away in a dungeon when he was betrayed in every way possible, suffering from the grief of his entire species going extinct on Uther’s orders. And with this one show of mercy, Merlin changed the heart of a creature that everyone had already dismissed as a monster (the same way Merlin sees himself), one who sought his revenge by razing an entire city to the ground. From the start, Merlin treats him as a person: “Why are you doing this? You’re killing innocent people!” No one who saw him as a mere beast acting on its true nature would ask a moral quandary of him. And in the end, this path leads to Kilgharrah being spared, and Camelot repeatedly being saved as a result.

Kilgharrah’s sincerity in his care for Merlin is consistent in later seasons, and is seen in more than just his rescues. In 4x02, he plainly urges Merlin not to sacrifice himself, despite the fact that Arthur’s life (and thus, Kilgharrah’s ultimate freedom) hangs in the balance.

Merlin: Arthur intends to sacrifice himself to heal the Veil. It is my destiny to protect him; you taught me that.

Kilgharrah: Merlin, you must not do this.

He shortly follows this with something we’ve known since Merlin mended the rift between them in 2x13:

Kilgharrah: From the moment I met you, I saw something that was invisible. Now, it is there for all to see […] It will be an empty world without you, young warlock.

Having failed to convince Merlin to let someone else be the sacrifice, Kilgharrah commends him. Not only that, Kilgharrah mourns him.

This is all to say that Kilgharrah’s actions in seasons 1 & 2 should not be the sole focal point for our judgment of him, when he undergoes such an extreme change of character. Furthermore, there is no reason to believe that Kilgharrah’s faith in the prophecies is anything but genuine. Alongside his newfound care for Merlin, his ultimate goal is his own freedom, and he believes that Arthur is the key to that.

Kilgharrah: We need Arthur to live […] Your destiny is to protect the young Pendragon until he claims his crown, and when he does, magic can be returned to the realm. Only then will I be free.

This logic is in line with what occurred in 5x13. Kilgharrah wouldn’t have said or done any of what he does in 1x13 if he did not believe that Arthur’s ascension to king would lead to his own freedom (even if it didn’t take immediate effect). Arthur’s place on the throne made room for an end to the wars, namely the one on magic. Kilgharrah did not make these prophecies up, nor is he the only one to believe in them. Alator and Finna possessed knowledge of the same prophecies, and both believed in Emrys’ vision/mission.

Kilgharrah had great knowledge himself, and tried to share that with Merlin to pave the best path, but he was not all-knowing, and he tells Merlin as much himself. Kilgharrah is merely a messenger, believer, and interpreter. So, he still believes the prophecy has come to pass, even if Arthur did end up dying anyways. The five kingdoms could now be united and magic restored to the land once the war was ended upon Morgana’s death. The prophecy was fulfilled within Arthur’s lifetime, despite the success of Arthur’s Bane. It did not go as Merlin expected, nor how Kilgharrah expected, but it still… went. This is what he means when he says, “No young man, no matter how great, can know his destiny.”

The idea that Kilgharrah simply played Merlin, when he was depending on Arthur as much as any creature of magic, and when he genuinely cared for Merlin as kin, is bad faith conjecture. How they got to the end point still mattered to him (i.e. Merlin must protect Arthur so that he has a chance to fulfill the prophecy), because that potential only existed through Arthur, and they all continued to suffer until that time came. Regardless of the age at which Arthur died, though, he was destined to fulfill these prophecies and return at Albion’s time of need. This, Kilgharrah knew. So is it any wonder that he maintained faith in it even after Arthur died? Especially after Arthur died, proving the prophecies true once again?

Kilgharrah: Merlin. There is nothing you can do.

Merlin: I've failed?

Kilgharrah: No, young warlock, for all that you have dreamt of building, has come to pass.

Merlin: I can't lose him! He's my friend!

Kilgharrah: Though no man, no matter how great, can know his destiny, some lives have been foretold. Merlin... Arthur is not just a King— he is the Once and Future King. Take heart, for when Albion's need is greatest, Arthur will rise again.

No, Kilgharrah did not predict the exact ending, but he did his best to help Merlin bring about the best possible outcome, and he said what he could to comfort Merlin when he was grieving Arthur. Kilgharrah was genuine, and his motives were in alignment with Merlin’s by the start of season 3.

[marypsue]

butch this, femme that, but where can I find a woman who'll be the weird punk nerd to my slightly sheltered cheerleader princess who falls for her over the jerk jock