Injured Elves
Do Tolkien's Elves ever get injured and require healing?
Anyone familiar with The Silmarillion knows that Tolkien’s Elves get injured indeed. Even the popular The Lord of the Rings movie adaptations show an injured Elf – Haldir – contrary to what happened in The Lord of the Rings book. But Legolas, who seems to go in and out of every fight without a scratch, might make some readers or viewers wonder how resilient Elves actually are.
"For though Eru appointed to you to die not in Eä, and no sickness may assail you, yet slain ye may be, and slain ye shall be: by weapon and by torment and by grief; and your houseless spirits shall come then to Mandos."¹
Tolkien’s Elves are immortal, but not invincible. They can get injured and die, but Tolkien usually just doesn’t mention it – even in situations where it would have been quite likely for an Elf to get injured.
We can find some examples in his writings, but even when Tolkien doesn’t write about it it does not mean there were no injuries at all. His stories were not meant to be mere descriptions of events, but accounts of people who had lived through them or had heard about them.
Most of The Lord of the Rings for example had been written by Frodo, so he probably did not know about injuries the other had suffered if they did not mention it – or if they did he might not have included it anyway. The same goes for the stories about the First and Second Age – whether it was Elvish or Númenorean accounts, the injuries that the people in the story received was probably not that important to them if it did not have any larger meaning or effect on what followed afterwards.
So I believe there are a lot more injured Elves than we know of. Actually, Elves might even get even more injured in battle than Men because they can survivor much more damage than Men, as Tolkien described in the Notes to the Commentary to the Athrabeth:
“They were thus capable of far greater and longer physical exertions (in pursuit of some dominant purpose of their minds) without weariness; they were not subject to diseases; they healed rapidly and completely after injuries that would have proved fatal to Men; and they could endure great physical pain for long periods. Their bodies could not, however, survive vital injuries, or violent assaults upon their structure; nor replace missing members (such as a hand hewn off).”²
In the Lay of Leithian this is also observed by Thû:
“But the king,
the Elf undying, many a thing
no man could suffer may endure.”³
In the excerpt of the Athrabeth it is said that Elves heal quickly and completely for most parts, but we also know that they have healers among the Elves, like Elrond, Lúthien or Beleg.
So in short: Yes, Tolkien’s Elves do get injured.
My apologies for the length of this essey, it gets a bit out of hand now (23 sources in the footnotes indicate madness)…
For the long (long) answer I give some examples where Tolkien mentions or describes injured Elves and sometimes their healing. In some of these examples the Elves died as a result of their injuries. (A litte note: Tolkien often described the same event in various different texts, which were often written at different times and with different degrees of details. A wound that is mentioned in one text might not appear in another text describing the same incident.)
Maedhros
Arguably one of the most famous injured Elves in Middle-earth is Maedhros. He was tortured in Angband, and lost his hand when Fingon cut it off in order to free him.
“Maidros was ambushed, and all his company was slain, but he himself was taken alive by the command of Morgoth, and brought to Angband and tortured.”⁴
Fingon and Maedhros by Dakkun39
While he does not get his hand back, it is said that his other wounds healed over time:
“There Maidros in time was healed; for the fire of life was hot within him, and his strength was of the ancient world, such as those possessed who were nurtured in Valinor. His body recovered from its torment and became hale, but the shadow of his pain was in his heart; and he lived to wield his sword with left hand more deadly than his right had been.”⁵
The Sons of Fëanor
It is mentioned that all Sons of Fëanor were wounded in the Battle of Unnumbered Tears:
“But fate saved the Sons of Fëanor, and though all were wounded none were slain.”⁶
Fëanor
Fëanor himself was also wounded in battle against the Balrogs, but “his wounds were mortal”⁷ and therefore he did not heal but died.
“Soon he stood alone; but long he fought on, and laughed undismayed, though he was wrapped in fire and wounded with many wounds. But at the last Gothmog, Lord of the Balrogs, smote him to the ground, and there he would have perished, but Maidros and three other of his sons in that moment came up with force to his aid, and the Balrogs fled back to Angband.”⁷
“Spirit of Fire” by CaglayanG
Celebrimbor
Celebrimbor was tortured by Sauron for information about the Rings of Power, but when Celebrimbor would not tell Sauron the location of the Three, he was killed.
“Then Celebrimbor was put to torment, and Sauron learned from him where the Seven were bestowed. […] Concerning the Three Rings Sauron could learn nothing from Celebrimbor; and he had him put to death.”⁸
Torture implies injuries, and in the Unfinished Tales it is said that Sauron had “Celebrimbor’s body hung upon a pole, shot through with Orc-arrows”⁸, bearing it as banner when he lead his armies into battle against Elrond.
Finrod Felagund
For Finrod we have two mentions of him being wounded.
The first is in the Dagor Bragollach, were he was cut off from his men and surrounded by Orcs. He survived thanks to Barahir’s help:
“Then Barahir the bold did aid
with mighty spear, with shield and men,
Felagund wounded.”⁹
The second is in Sauron’s dungeons. According to the Lay of Leithian Finrod, Beren and their companions were “chained in chains that eat the flesh”²³, but that could also be just a colourful wording for very tight chains. In the end Finrod fought with the werewolf that had come to kill Beren, but died afterwards because of his wounds:
“My heart is burst, my limbs are cold.
Here all my power I have spent
to break my bonds, and dreadful rent
of poisoned teeth is in my breast.”¹⁰
“The death of Finrod Felagund” by Anke Eissmann
Celebrían
Celebrían was attacked and abducted by Orcs. Her sons rescued her and her husband healed her physical wounds, but the psychological damage seemed to have been greater and therefore she left Middle-earth and took a ship into the West:
“In 2509 Celebrían wife of Elrond was journeying to Lórien when she was waylaid in the Redhorn Pass, and her escort being scattered by the sudden assault of the Orcs, she was seized and carried off. She was pursued and rescued by Elladan and Elrohir, but not before she had suffered torment and had received a poisoned wound. She was brought back to Imladris, and though healed in body by Elrond, lost all delight in Middle-earth, and the next year went to the Havens and passed over Sea.”¹¹
Saeros
An example of a very minor wound comes up in Túrin’s conflict with the elf Saeros in Doriath. Túrin defended himself when Saeros attacked him, and as a result Saeros’ arm was wounded:
“But Túrin had been long in a hard school, and had grown as agile as any Elf, but stronger. He soon had the mastery, and wounding Saeros’ sword-arm he had him at his mercy.”¹²
There was no time to heal for that wound, as Saeros fell to his death shortly after.
Beleg
Beleg is among of the Elves who’s injuries Tolkien mentioned more often throughout his texts. But it starts with a curious example. When Beleg came to the outlaws while Túrin was away, the outlaws captured him and bound him to a tree. They left him there for three days without food, and then Túrin returned and freed him:
“At once he cut the bonds from his friend, and Beleg fell forward into his arms. When Túrin heard all that the men would tell, he was angry and grieved; but at first he gave heed only to Beleg. While he tended him with what skill he had, he thought of his life in the woods, and his anger turned upon himself.”¹³
”Túrin Returns to Find Beleg Being Held Captive” by Ted Nasmith
He then berated his men for being cruel and for tormenting their prisoner, calling it Orc-work. A little bit later Tolkien writes that Beleg “did not speak of Andróg’s malice, to which his evil handling had been chiefly due; for perceiving Túrin’s mood he feared to be disbelieved”¹³.
Compared to everything else is happening in Middle-earth, this does not sound like Beleg was just tied to a tree without food, since this is something Túrin would have believed, because he had seen it and had criticised his men for it. Was the malice then Andróg’s desire to kill Beleg? I get the feeling that Tolkien once again has left out some details, but maybe I’m reading too much into it. Beleg in any case was fine on the next day, thanks to his Elvish healing:
“In the morning Beleg, being swiftly healed of his pains, after the manner of the Elven-folk of old, spoke to Túrin apart.”¹³
In The Lay of the Children of Húrin, when Túrin first saw Beleg, he also remembered the time were they fought together at the border of Doriaths, and that “they blent in battle the blood of their wounds”¹⁴.
We get another moment where Beleg is mentioned to be injured, and that is during the attack of the Orcs on Amon Rûdh:
“Túrin was bound and carried off; Beleg who was wounded was bound likewise, but he was laid on the ground with wrists and ankles tied to iron pins driven in to the rock.”¹⁵
In this version of the Narn i Chîn Húrin he “remained perforce in Bar-en-Danwedh until his wounds were healed”¹⁶ after he was freed, and then he started to search for Túrin.
In the Quenta Nolderinwa, the Grey Annals as well as in The Lay of the Children of Húrin the tale is told a little bit differently: Beleg was left among the dead, found by Thingol’s messengers and was brought back to Menegroth to be healed. In the Lay Beleg is described to be “sorely wounded” and buried under corpses he was “in blood drenched”:
“Then he crawled from the corpses that had covered him over,
weary, wounded, too weak to stand.
So Thingol's thanes athirst and bleeding
in the forest found him: his fate willed not
that he should drink the draught of death from foes.”¹⁴
The Lay tells that Beleg was cured “ere a week was outworn”¹⁴.
Gwindor
Gwindor is among the most gravely injured Elves that Tolkien describes. He had been captured by Morgoth’s forces in the Bettle of Unnumbered Tears and worked as a slave “under lashes and flails of the baleful Balrogs”¹⁴ before he was able to escape – and he had lost one of his hands in the process.
“In the Forest Under Night - Gwindor in Taur-nu-Fuin” by Matthew Stewart
What he went trough in Angband has left its mark on him – so much that his people in Nargothrond at first didn’t recognize him:
“At first his own people did not know Gwindor, who went out young and strong, and returned now seeming as one of the aged among mortal Men, because of his torments and his labours; and now also he was maimed.”¹⁷
In The Lay of the Children of Húrin – because it likes to be a bit more cruel than even the Quenta – Gwindor is actually recaptured after his escape from Angband by the same group of Orcs that hold Túrin in chains:
“Fast they clutched me
beaten and bleeding, and broken in spirit
they laughing led me, my lagging footsteps
with their spears speeding.”¹⁴
He only is able to escape because the Orcs don’t pay much attention to him once he is half unconscious.
Gwindor apparently never fully recovered, “his strength was small” and he was often in pain because of his maimed left arm¹⁷. And only five years later he was wounded to death in the battle of Tumhalad.
Gelmir
Gelmir, Gwindor’s brother, had been captured in the Dagor Bragollach. When the Orcs brought him to the battlefield at the beginning of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, he is already blinded. The Orcs then cut off his arms and legs and left him there (in the Narn i Chîn Húrin) or cut his head off as well (in the Grey Annals).
Eldar in Angband
Gwindor and Gelmir are the best known examples of Eldar that were captured by Morgoth’s forces and had to work as slaves for him. But there were many more, and I doubt they fared much better than Gwindor or Gelmir.
“[Morgoth] now bade the Orkor to take alive any of the Eldar that they could and bring them bound to Angband. For it was his intent to use their lore and skill under duress for his own ends; moreover he took pleasure in tormenting them, and would besides by pain wring from them at times tidings of the deeds and counsels of his enemies.”¹⁸
Aredhel
Aredhel is another case of an Elven woman receiving a poisonous wound. However, unlike Celebrían, she did not survive it.
Aredhel’s husband Eöl actually tried to kill their son, but Aredhel protected him and was injured as a result:
“But Aredhel sprang before the dart, and it smote her in the shoulder; and Eöl was overborne by many and set in bonds, and led away, while others tended Aredhel. […] But in the evening Aredhel sickened, though the wound had seemed little, and she fell into the darkness, and in the night she died; for the point of the javelin was poisoned, though none knew it until too late.”¹⁹
The Death of Aredhel by Līga Kļaviņa
Ecthelion
Ecthelion’s battle against Gothmog is famous in Middle-earth, but the only place to get some details about it is in The Book of Lost Tales. Ecthelion had been fighting in the defense of Gondolin and had already killed three Balrogs when he got injured, enough that e could not continue the fight:
“But so it is that few cannot fight always against the many, and Ecthelion's left arm got a sore rent from a whip of the Balrog's and his shield fell to earth even as that dragon of fire drew nigh amid the ruin of the walls. Then Ecthelion must lean on Tuor […]”²⁰
Tuor carried him off the battlefield and to the Square of the King, but not long after that the Square was attacked as well. Tuor was attacked by Gothmog, lord of Balrogs, and when he fell Ecthelion got up once more:
“But lo! Ecthelion, whose face was of the pallor of grey steel and whose shield-arm hung limp at his side, strode above him as he fell; and that Gnome drave at the demon, yet did not give him his death, getting rather a wound to his sword-arm that his weapon left his grasp.”²⁰
Ecthelion received another injury and couldn’t use either of his hands anymore. He then attacked the Balrog head-on with the spike upon his helm, and both Gothmog and Ecthelion fell in the fountain nearby and drowned.
War injuries
The Elves fought many battles, especially in the First Age, and many Elves died in these battles – and I doubt they were all killed by one single hit. Imagine the fight of Fingon against Gothmog, or the fight of Gil-galad (and Elendil) against Sauron, or Fingolfin, who fought Morgoth and was trice ”crushed to his knees”²¹ and stood up again before Morgoth could kill him. The tales don’t tell of the details and so we don’t know much for certain, but we can imagine that these fights become messy even before they ended.
Likewise did the survivors not just evade all potential damage. Among the examples above are people like Finrod, Beleg, and the Sons of Fëanor who were wounded in battle and survived (at that time at least). And from The Fall of Gondolin we get another example:
“They came nonetheless into the mountains, in woe and misery, for the high places were cold and terrible, and they had among them many women and children and many wounded men.”²²
As Tolkien’s most famous story is The Lord of the Rings, it makes sense why the question about Elves getting injured would come up. We don’t really see or hear anything about injured Elves there.
However, there might have been injured Elves and we just don’t know about it – for reasons described at the beginning of this answer. And most Elves that we meet in The Lord of the Rings aren’t involved in much of the fighting, or we don’t hear about it directly. There surely were injured Elves when Dol Guldur attacked Lothlórien and Mirkwood for example. Maybe even when the Orcs of Moria came down to Lothlórien. And given in how many fights Legolas was involved (against the wolves, in Moria, at Amon Hen, at the Hornburg, maybe at Pelagir, at Minas Tirith and at the Black Gate), I doubt that he remained completely unharmed. It just isn’t mentioned.
While writing The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien actually wrote a moment where Legolas gets injured. Tolkien then crossed it out but marked it later for retention. But maybe he then missed it by accident when he copied the text, or he decided against it once more – in the final texts there is no trace of it. The injury itself would have happened in Moria shortly after the Balrog appeared: Legolas was struck by an arrow in the shoulder.
Footnotes
¹ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 9
² J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. Morogth’s Ring, Part 4: Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, Author’s Note on the ‘Commentary’, Note 5
³ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lays of Beleriand, III: The Lay of Leithian, IX
⁴ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lost Road and other Writings, Part 2, VI: Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 8, §89
⁵ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lost Road and other Writings, Part 2, VI: Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 8, §98
⁶ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lost Road and other Writings, Part 2, VI: Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 16, §16
⁷ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The War of the Jewels, Part 1: The Grey Annals, §45-46
⁸ J.R.R. Tolkien. Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth, Part Two, The History of Galadriel and Celeborn, Concerning Galadriel and Celeborn
⁹ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lays of Beleriand, I: The Lay of Leithian, VI
¹⁰ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lays of Beleriand, I: The Lay of Leithian, IX
¹¹ J. R. R. Tolkien. The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, iii
¹² J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Children of Húrin, Chapter V
¹³ J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Children of Húrin, Chapter VI
¹⁴ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lays of Beleriand, I: The Lay of the Children of Húrin, II
¹⁵ J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Children of Húrin, Chapter VIII
¹⁶ J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Children of Húrin, Chapter IX
¹⁷ J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Children of Húrin, Chapter X
¹⁸ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The War of the Jewels, Part 1: The Grey Annals, §81
¹⁹ J. R. R. Tolkien; Christopher Tolkien. The Silmarillion, Chapter 16
²⁰ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Book of Lost Tales - Part 2, III: The Fall of Gondolin
²¹ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lost Road and other Writings, Part 2, VI: Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter 11, §146
²² J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Shaping of Middle-earth, III: The Quenta, §16
²³ J. R. R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien. The Lays of Beleriand, I: The Lay of Leithian, VIII
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