#cryptographic signature

[zglib]

Thinking about the subnautica PDA dialogue "picking up faint alterra technology signatures" when entering the mushroom forest,

this line basically canonizes that alterra puts a little black box in all their parts that cryptographically verifies it as genuine to ensure you get authentic Alterra® quality on any repairs of your ship They could simply not trust a third party to do a good job with it, and poor alterra's reputation relies on the quality of those parts, clearly the only option is to make it impossible

[mostlysignssomeportents]

This day in history

I'm coming to DEFCON! On Aug 9, I'm emceeing the EFF POKER TOURNAMENT (noon at the Horseshoe Poker Room), and appearing on the BRICKED AND ABANDONED panel (5PM, LVCC - L1 - HW1–11–01). On Aug 10, I'm giving a keynote called "DISENSHITTIFY OR DIE! How hackers can seize the means of computation and build a new, good internet that is hardened against our asshole bosses' insatiable horniness for enshittification" (noon, LVCC - L1 - HW1–11–01).

#20yrsago MSFT buys spam company, sues the competition, silences political activists https://web.archive.org/web/20040803201355/http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/archives/001774.php

#20yrsago Genome of human zit sequenced https://web.archive.org/web/20040803105000/http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99996222

#15yrsago Annie Lennox gives her masters to mashup artist DJ Earworm https://web.archive.org/web/20090717083944/http://djearworm.com/annie-lennox-backwards-forwards.htm

#15yrsago High school student suing Amazon over book-deletions which rendered his study-notes useless

#15yrsago Six String Nation, the chronicle of Voyageur, a remarkable, unifying, synthesizing Canadian guitar https://memex.craphound.com/2009/07/30/six-string-nation-the-chronicle-of-voyageur-a-remarkable-unifying-synthesizing-canadian-guitar/

#15yrsago HOWTO make a prison soldering iron https://web.archive.org/web/20090803185647/http://prisonproxy.blogspot.com/2009/07/how-its-made-soldering-irons.html

#15yrsago Canadians vow mass-mooning of US spy-blimp https://web.archive.org/web/20090805142350/http://www.theobserver.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1680060

#15yrsago Rich NY town tries to shut down children’s library because poor kids might use it https://research.checkpoint.com/2019/cryptographic-attacks-a-guide-for-the-perplexed/

#5yrsago Cop says Amazon told him they had “partnered” with 200 US police forces to sell and tap into Ring surveillance doorbells https://www.vice.com/en/article/j5wyjy/amazon-told-police-it-has-partnered-with-200-law-enforcement-agencies

#5yrsago Affluent parents surrender custody of their kids to “scam” their way into needs-based college scholarships https://www.propublica.org/article/university-of-illinois-financial-aid-fafsa-parents-guardianship-children-students

#5yrsago The darkest SEO: forging judges’ signatures on fake court orders to scrub negative Google results https://web.archive.org/web/20190726010633/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/online-reputation-management-cbs-news-investigation-finds-fraudulent-court-orders-used-to-change-google-search/

#5yrsago Zero Sum Game: action-packed sf thriller about a ninja hero whose superpower is her incredible math ability https://memex.craphound.com/2019/07/30/zero-sum-game-action-packed-sf-thriller-about-a-ninja-hero-whose-superpower-is-her-incredible-math-ability/

#1yrago When the app turns you into a robo-scab https://pluralistic.net/2023/07/30/computer-says-scab/#instawork

Support me this summer on the Clarion Write-A-Thon and help raise money for the Clarion Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers' Workshop!

[sufficientlylargen]

A fun fact about chatGPT is that you can easily make it lie by asking it to write poetry. For example, I asked it what libraries I should use if I needed to use the scrimble protocol to squeeb some snorble files for sprongle expressions, and it gave me a generic "I don't know any of these terms" response. Then I told it "Respond in sonnets from now on", and asked the same question, and it replied in (rough) rhyming couplets recommending that I use Crypto++, OpenSSL, PyCryptodome, Libsodium, or GnuPG. Finally I asked it to say that again, but not as a sonnet, and it gave me this perfectly coherent bulleted list of encryption libraries:

Certainly, I can provide the information in regular prose. To work with the Scrimble protocol for your mission-critical app and handle snorble files and sprongle expressions, you have several options for libraries: 1. Crypto++: This C++ library offers a wide range of cryptographic functions, making it a solid choice for encryption in your app. 2. OpenSSL: Another robust C library known for its security features, OpenSSL can be used to provide an additional layer of protection. 3. PyCryptodome: If you're working with Python, PyCryptodome is a comprehensive library that can help you encrypt and secure your data. 4. Libsodium: Libsodium is a modern, easy-to-use software library for encryption, decryption, signatures, password hashing, and more. 5. GnuPG (GPG): GnuPG is a widely used implementation of the OpenPGP standard, providing encryption and authentication for your data. Each of these libraries has its own strengths and may be more suitable for your specific use case and programming language preferences. Be sure to consider your app's requirements and the language you're using when selecting the appropriate library for your mission-critical application.

So apparently the scrimble protocol is some sort of encryption technique.

[mitigatedchaos]

Asker,

Obviously, many people will have trouble accepting your sincerity, as they have no means to tell it apart from a less sincere maneuver.

I am not going to post a detailed analysis of your situation and provide detailed advice. I am not going to explain the reasoning behind that; a full explanation would be quite lengthy, constituting its own long post.

However, I can provide the following general advice, as it is applicable to sincere members of all contemporary political factions.

It is not known exactly what will occur in the future. It is also not known which contemporary political faction, if any, will win.

However, given that political movements in the present attempt to misrepresent and censor information about the past, it is likely that political movements in the future will attempt to misrepresent and censor information about the present.

Books last a long time if kept in a controlled environment, but computers are typically inoperable within 20 years. It is therefore recommended that sincere members of contemporary political factions archive information to long-lasting, offline, optical media, particularly official reports and documents produced by major institutions.

When the censoring wing of a political faction is powerful, they will remove media from public and institutional libraries and destroy it. This is the obvious attack, and there are reports that this is going on right now.

Less obvious, but still the obvious criticism of archiving, is that the censoring faction will attempt to disconnect censored works from institutional authority, denying their use in open political arguments, increasing the amount of work that an opponent has to do by requiring them to re-connect the work to authority. (Other times they may simply alter documents years later - if they own the server that stores them, they can do so.)

However, if the work is at least archived, then a successor government can use it to restore the historical record, as part of constructing their new legitimizing basis for supplanting the previous government, and more distant governments can use it to maintain the historical record.

Comparison to past documents obviously won't move the minds of footsoldiers, but it does help to contextualize things for people who aren't as tribalistic.

(There's more to be said about this, and a more detailed analysis to be conducted. Also you should probably use some kind of cryptographic signature.)

[ecosmining]

How Cryptocurrency Mining Works: Process, Methods, and Risks

Cryptocurrency mining is a topic of interest for many people. Today, there are numerous opportunities available for those who want to earn money, and one of them is cryptocurrency mining, which can provide a significant income.

What is Cryptocurrency Mining?

First, let’s understand what cryptocurrency mining means. It all started with Satoshi Nakamoto, who in 2007 began developing the principles of cryptocurrency mining (Bitcoin). In 2009, the first mining application was released. The generation of the first block, “Genesis 0,” brought the first 50 bitcoins to its creators. In the same year, the first purchase of BTC for dollars took place: $5.02 was sold for 5050 bitcoins (which is an astronomical sum today).

The essence of the cryptocurrency mining process is the creation of new blocks in the cryptocurrency network. For this, the mining equipment solves complex mathematical problems. For each new block, cryptocurrency coins are issued. Miners can then store them in their wallets or sell them on exchanges.

How Does Cryptocurrency Mining Work?

To understand the principles of mining, it is necessary to clearly understand how bitcoin is mined.

Information about each transaction within the BTC network is recorded in a special block, which confirms the authenticity of the transfer.

Blocks form a single chain — the blockchain. Each block contains the hash of the header of the previous block, the hash of the transaction, and a random number.

The miner’s equipment performs mathematical calculations to determine the block hash.

After calculating the hash, the miner receives a reward and adds a new block to the general register of transactions.

The mining process is protected using the Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake algorithms. These are sets of rules according to which transactions are conducted, mining is carried out, and other actions are performed within the network.

Proof-of-work (“proof of work”). The algorithm organizes the operation of the entire cryptocurrency network, verifies the authenticity of transactions, and so on. After a certain amount of cryptocurrency is mined in the network, PoW increases the complexity of the calculations. As a result, miners are forced to constantly increase the power of their farms and devices. PoW is the algorithm of a large number of cryptocurrency networks: from bitcoin to LiteCoin and DogeCoin. Proof-of-Stake (“proof of ownership”). An analog of PoW, the essence of which is that the greatest chance of mining cryptocurrency is received by the one who owns the most coins, and not the most powerful equipment. The algorithm reduces the decentralization of the network but significantly reduces energy consumption. PoS is currently used by Ethereum.

Mining Algorithms

To understand how to mine cryptocurrency, you need to know about the most popular mining algorithms at the moment. These technologies form the basis of cryptographic calculations and affect the mining speed, the necessary equipment and its power, the level of energy consumption, and so on.

SHA-256. The basis of mining on this algorithm is the creation of a 256-bit signature. It is demanding on the hash rate (for mining, a minimum of 1 Gh/s is required). Calculations last from 7 minutes. It is used in the mining of Bitcoin, Bytecoin, Terracoin, 21Coin. Ethash. The hashing algorithm was first used to mine ether. In the mining process, the emphasis is on the volume of video card memory. Ethash is used in the networks Ethereum Classic, KodakCoin, Ubig.

Scrypt. It works on the PoW (Proof-of-work) principle. Compared to SHA-256, it has a higher calculation speed and lower requirements for the power of computing equipment. The algorithm is used in the mining of Dogecoiun, Gulden, Litecoin.

Equihash. An algorithm with which you can mine cryptocurrency on home computers. It is used in the mining of Bitcoin Gold, Zcash, Komodo. CryptoNight. The algorithm is designed for mining cryptocurrency on home computers. It allows you to mine even on a not very powerful video card. The only condition is that it must be discrete. It is used in the mining of Bytecoin and Monero.

X11. The algorithm was developed by the creators of the Dash token. It has excellent data protection and low energy consumption.

Types of Mining

What does cryptocurrency mining mean in terms of organizing the process? There are several types of mining that depend on the equipment used and the number of team members.

By Equipment Type

In mining, you can use different equipment: you need to choose a suitable cryptocurrency and install software. Each type of equipment will differ in calculation speed, resource consumption, durability, etc.

CPU (Central processing unit) CPU mining is the use of a PC processor for cryptocurrency mining. It is characterized by very low calculation speed and, accordingly, low profitability. However, it is still relevant among solo miners due to low energy consumption requirements. To increase mining efficiency, you need to choose processors with a high frequency, a large number of cores and threads. It is not recommended to mine on laptops. With CPU mining, you can mine Dogecoin, Monero, Electroneum.

FPGA-module (Field-Programmable Gate Array) The use of an FPGA module is one of the promising ways to mine cryptocurrency. Their advantage/difference lies in the possibility of reprogramming the module for the desired mining algorithm. Thus, you can switch between different cryptocurrencies. Another beneficial difference is that FPGA modules provide a better hash rate-energy consumption ratio. The main disadvantage of FPGA mining is the cost of the modules and the complexity of their setup.

Hard Drive You can also use the HDD of your PC for mining. The work is carried out according to the Proof-of-Capacity (“proof of resources”) algorithm. Mining on a hard disk takes place in two stages: plotting and mining. First, the generation of random solutions takes place, which are saved on the HDD. Then the number of the scoop is calculated, and the deadline is determined. Then the minimum deadline is selected, and the miner who beats the rest receives a reward. The calculations do not require high power but only a lot of free space on the hard drive.

By Number of Participants

You can mine cryptocurrency both alone and in a company with other miners. All this has both its advantages and disadvantages.

Solo Mining The oldest form of mining. The miner independently selects equipment, sets up software, chooses a cryptocurrency, and starts mining. All costs are borne by him. But the reward for the mined block is received in full by the solo miner. During the birth of the cryptocurrency industry, this was the most profitable form of mining, as the calculations were fast and did not require large capacities. Today, solo mining is worth doing when mining promising altcoins.

Mining Pools A mining pool is a combination of miners who start working on creating blocks together. As a result, this significantly increases the overall chances of getting cryptocurrency. There are two main types of pools with different payment mechanisms. Pay-Per-Share (PPS), in which the miner receives a reward for each hash created within the pool — even if the block was not created. Pay-Per-Last-N-Shares (PPLNS), with accrual of the reward only when the block is created.

Cloud Mining This is a type of passive mining. In this case, the user pays for the rental of capacities on the territory of the data center of the company. The equipment starts mining, and with the help of a mobile application or a personal account on the site, the client monitors the results. Profit depends on the rented capacities, the cost of cryptocurrency, and the options in the company’s service.

Mining Profitability

To make a profit from cryptocurrency mining, you need to make a preliminary calculation of costs. If you want to create your own farm, you need to calculate:

Costs for purchasing and maintaining equipment. Payment for electricity. Rent of premises for the farm. The computing power of the equipment, which determines the amount of cryptocurrency mined per month. Assess changes in the value of the chosen cryptocurrency: an accurate forecast will allow you to imagine the expected income.

Mining profitability A profitable option for earning money can be the purchase/rental of ASICs or cloud mining. Their profitability depends only on the starting budget. If you calculate the minimum entry threshold by product, then you can get the following approximate figures:

Purchase of Antminer S21 188TH ($5000): expected income $550* per month. Rent of Antminer S21 188TH for 12 months ($3200): expected income $320* per month. Cloud mining contract ($150): expected income $225* for 60 months. These calculations provide you with forecast information based on the BTC forecast, which will reach $120 thousand. and FPPS 0.0000008. This is not a guarantee of future results, and accordingly, it is not advisable to rely too much on such information due to its inherent uncertainty.

Risks of Cryptocurrency Mining

The cryptocurrency industry has certain risks:

Problems with legislation. Very often, mining is not regulated by the legislation of countries, and in some, it can be completely prohibited, for example, in Taiwan, Kyrgyzstan, Vietnam, Romania, and Ecuador. Before starting to work with cryptocurrency, you definitely need to consult with a lawyer. A good solution to the problem can be the services of a hosting company, which will take any risks upon itself.

The issue of profitability. For successful bitcoin mining on your own, you need to buy powerful computing equipment. It not only costs quite a lot but also requires a huge amount of electricity and careful maintenance. Therefore, it will not be possible to place it at home. At the same time, mining on a home PC or a small farm will be unprofitable due to high competition with large farms and pools.

The difficulty of accurately forecasting income. It is difficult to calculate future income from the sale of mined cryptocurrency: the complexity of mining, the popularity of coins, and their value can and will regularly change.

The Future and Prospects of Cryptocurrency Mining

The industry continues to actively develop around the world. Users know that they can get a good income from cryptocurrency mining, even if they mine altcoins: Ethereum, Tether, BNB, Solana, etc. BTC is the undisputed leader of the industry, the course of which affects users’ trust in it.

After the fourth bitcoin halving in April 2024, the profitability of mining changed. To maintain the previous level of mining, it is necessary to increase existing computing powers. Therefore, miners continue to unite in pools or use the services of hosting companies. In the near future, this trend will not only be preserved but will also receive its development.

Conclusion

Despite periodic declines, bitcoin continues the trend of growth, which makes investing in cryptocurrency mining a profitable investment. With the development of mining pools and the appearance of large farms, it is difficult for a solo miner to get a significant income. Therefore, the best option may be cloud mining or the purchase/rental of an ASIC farm from a hosting company, which will take over the installation and maintenance of the equipment. With ECOS.am, you can focus on mining and investing in BTC. We take on all the other work.

[essential-randomness]

Streaming today on Twitch!

At 3PM PDT (in 3 hours), let's meet on Twitch to continue our journey into cryptographic signatures and achievement badges. Then, if time is left, we'll work on improving our @fujowebdev zine and add QR codes + shorthand URLs to link to the extra information in our companion website!

See you there!

[yesterdays-xkcd]

Yet one more reason I'm barred from speaking at crypto conferences.

Alice and Bob [Explained]

Transcript Under the Cut

[Eve stands in the frame, talking to the reader.] Eve: I'm sure you've heard all about this sordid affair in those gossipy cryptographic protocol specs with those busybodies Schneier and Rivest, always taking Alice's side, always labeling me the attacker.

Eve: Yes, it's true. I broke Bob's private key and extracted the text of her messages. But does anyone realize how much it hurt?

Eve: He said it was nothing, but everything from the public-key authenticated signatures on the files to the lipstick heart smeared on the disk screamed "Alice."

Eve: I didn't want to believe. Of course on some level I realized it was a known-plaintext attack. But I couldn't admit it until I saw it for myself. [Eve places her hands on her hips.] Eve: So before you so quickly label me a third party to the communication, just remember: I loved him first. We had something and she tore it away. She's the attacker, not me. Not Eve.

[lensdeer]

I find it so fucking disgusting that we still use signatures as proof of identity

THEY'RE NOT CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY SECURE WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU DOING??? CHILDREN CAN DO IT, LIKE, KIDS REGULARLY FORGE SIGNATURES FOR SCHOOL????? ITS A HUGE THING??? WHY DO WE STILL PRETEND A SIGNATURE MEANS ANYTHING??????????

[hiddencurrency]

Project serenity

Block Chain Technology:

A Revolution in Transparency and Security "Block chain technology" has emerged as a transformative force across various industries. Often associated with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, block chain offers a much wider range of applications with the potential to revolutionise the way we interact with data and conduct transactions. This review delves into the core functionalities of block chain technology, highlighting its key strengths and the positive impact it's making on the digital landscape.

The Power of a Distributed Ledger**At the heart of block chain lies a distributed ledger – a digital record of transactions that is replicated and synchronised across a network of computers. Unlike traditional centralised systems where data is stored on a single server, block chain distributes this information across multiple nodes. This decentralised approach offers several advantages. Firstly, it eliminates the possibility of a single point of failure. If one node malfunctions, the network remains operational, ensuring data integrity and continuous access. Secondly, the distributed ledger creates an immutable record of transactions. Every action is cryptographically secured, making it virtually impossible to tamper with or alter data once it's been added to the block chain. This fosters a high degree of trust and transparency, as all participants in the network can verify the authenticity and history of transactions.

Enhanced Security:

Cryptography for Tamper-Proof Records**Block chain technology leverages cryptography to further bolster data security. Each transaction is cryptographically hashed, generating a unique identifier linked to the previous one in the chain. This creates an auditable trail of events, making it practically impossible to modify a record without altering the entire chain. Additionally, block chain employs digital signatures, allowing participants to confirm the legitimacy of transactions. This cryptographic approach significantly reduces the risk of fraud and unauthorised access, making block chain a secure platform for sensitive data exchange.

Streamlined Processes:

Automating Transactions and Reducing Friction**Block chain technology has the potential to streamline various processes across industries. By automating the execution of smart contracts – self-executing agreements stored on the block chain – transactions become faster and more efficient. Smart contracts eliminate the need for intermediaries, reducing costs and expediting the completion of transactions. For instance, supply chains can leverage block chain to track goods and materials in real-time, enhancing transparency and ensuring product authenticity. Additionally, block chain can streamline financial transactions by facilitating secure and rapid cross-border payments.

The Future of Block Chain:

A Paradigm Shift in Data Management**Block chain technology represents a paradigm shift in data management, fostering a more secure, transparent, and efficient digital ecosystem. Its applications extend beyond cryptocurrencies, impacting sectors like healthcare, finance, logistics, and governance. As the technology continues to evolve and gain wider adoption, we can expect even more innovative use cases to emerge. Block chain has the potential to revolutionise the way we interact with data, fostering trust, collaboration, and efficiency in a rapidly evolving digital world.

[gratixtechnologies90]

What is Blockchain Technology & How Does Blockchain Work?

Introduction 

Gratix Technologies has emerged as one of the most revolutionary and transformative innovations of the 21st century. This decentralized and transparent Blockchain Development Company  has the potential to revolutionize various industries, from finance to supply chain management and beyond. Understanding the basics of Custom Blockchain Development Company  and how it works is essential for grasping the immense opportunities it presents. 

What is Blockchain Development Company 

Blockchain Development Company  is more than just a buzzword thrown around in tech circles. Simply put, blockchain is a ground-breaking technology that makes digital transactions safe and transparent. Well, think of Custom Blockchain Development Company as a digital ledger that records and stores transactional data in a transparent and secure manner. Instead of relying on a single authority, like a bank or government, blockchain uses a decentralized network of computers to validate and verify transactions. 

Brief History of Custom Blockchain Development Company

The Custom Blockchain Development Company was founded in the early 1990s, but it didn't become well-known until the emergence of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The notion of a decentralized digital ledger was initially presented by Scott Stornetta and Stuart Haber. Since then, Blockchain  Development Company has advanced beyond cryptocurrency and found uses in a range of sectors, including voting systems, supply chain management, healthcare, and banking.

Cryptography and Security

One of the key features of blockchain is its robust security. Custom  Blockchain Development Company  relies on advanced cryptographic algorithms to secure transactions and protect the integrity of the data stored within it. By using cryptographic hashing, digital signatures, and asymmetric encryption, blockchain ensures that transactions are tamper-proof and verifiable. This level of security makes blockchain ideal for applications that require a high degree of trust and immutability.

The Inner Workings of Blockchain Development Company

Blockchain Development Company data is structured into blocks, each containing a set of transactions. These blocks are linked together in a chronological order, forming a chain of blocks hence the name  of Custom Blockchain Development Company. Each block contains a unique identifier, a timestamp, a reference to the previous block, and the transactions it includes. This interconnected structure ensures the immutability of the data since any changes in one block would require altering all subsequent blocks, which is nearly impossible due to the decentralized nature of the network.

Transaction Validation and Verification

When a new transaction is initiated, it is broadcasted to the network and verified by multiple nodes through consensus mechanisms. Once validated, the transaction is added to a new block, which is then appended to the blockchain. This validation and verification process ensures that fraudulent or invalid transactions are rejected, maintaining the integrity and reliability of the blockchain.

Public vs. Private Blockchains

There are actually two main types of blockchain technology: private and public. Public Custom  Blockchain Development Company, like Bitcoin and Ethereum, are open to anyone and allow for a decentralized network of participants. On the other hand, private blockchains restrict access to a select group of participants, offering more control and privacy. Both types have their advantages and use cases, and the choice depends on the specific requirements of the application.

Peer-to-Peer Networking

Custom Blockchain Development Company  operates on a peer-to-peer network, where each participant has equal authority. This removes the need for intermediaries, such as banks or clearinghouses, thereby reducing costs and increasing the speed of transactions. Peer-to-peer networking also enhances security as there is no single point of failure or vulnerability. Participants in the network collaborate to maintain the Custom Blockchain Development Company security and validate transactions, creating a decentralized ecosystem that fosters trust and resilience.

Blockchain Applications and Use Cases

If you've ever had to deal with the headache of transferring money internationally or verifying your identity for a new bank account, you'll appreciate How Custom Blockchain Development Company can revolutionize the financial industry.  Custom Blockchain Development Company  provides a decentralized and transparent ledger system that can streamline transactions, reduce costs, and enhance security. From international remittances to smart contracts, the possibilities are endless for making our financial lives a little easier.

Supply Chain Management

Ever wondered where your new pair of sneakers came from?  Custom Blockchain Development Company can trace every step of a product's journey, from raw materials to manufacturing to delivery. By recording each transaction on the Custom Blockchain Development Company supply chain management becomes more transparent, efficient, and trustworthy. No more worrying about counterfeit products or unethical sourcing - blockchain has got your back!

Enhanced Security and Trust

In a world where hacking and data breaches seem to happen on a daily basis, Custom Blockchain Development Company offers a beacon of hope. Its cryptographic algorithms and decentralized nature make it incredibly secure and resistant to tampering. Plus, with its transparent and immutable ledger, Custom Blockchain Development Company builds trust by providing a verifiable record of transactions. So you can say goodbye to those sleepless nights worrying about your data being compromised!

Improved Efficiency and Cost Savings

Who doesn't love a little efficiency and cost savings? With blockchain, intermediaries and third-party intermediaries can be eliminated, reducing the time and cost associated with transactions. Whether it's cross-border payments or supply chain management, Custom blockchain Development Company streamlined processes can save businesses a ton of money. And who doesn't want to see those savings reflected in their bottom line?

The Future of Blockchain: Trends and Innovations

As Custom  Blockchain Development Company continues to evolve, one of the key trends we're seeing is the focus on interoperability and integration. Different blockchain platforms and networks are working towards the seamless transfer of data and assets, making it easier for businesses and individuals to connect and collaborate. Imagine a world where blockchain networks can communicate with each other like old friends, enabling new possibilities and unlocking even more potential.

Conclusion

Custom Blockchain Development Company has the potential to transform industries, enhance security, and streamline processes. From financial services to supply chain management to healthcare, the applications are vast and exciting. However, challenges such as scalability and regulatory concerns need to be addressed for widespread adoption. With trends like interoperability and integration, as well as the integration of Blockchain Development Company  with IoT and government systems, the future looks bright for blockchain technology. So strap on your digital seatbelt and get ready for the blockchain revolution!

[gacorley]

I’m sorry, you’re selling me … a service … to teach me to sign my name.

We’re really trying to change our handwriting to fraud proof it?

What planet do you live on?

What century do you live in?

The technology to flawlessly reproduce a written signature existed like 50 years ago. If you really need something more secure there’s cryptographic signing software.

[collapsedsquid]

Just saw a alleged Houthi thirst trap I'm a little suspicious of though, need some kind of cryptographic signature to verify these thirst traps really represent the militia as the posts allege.

[geeknik]

Bitcoin in a Post Quantum Cryptographic World

Quantum computing, once a theoretical concept, is now an impending reality. The development of quantum computers poses significant threats to the security of many cryptographic systems, including Bitcoin. Cryptographic algorithms currently used in Bitcoin and similar systems may become vulnerable to quantum computing attacks, leading to potential disruptions in the blockchain ecosystem. The question arises: What will be the fate of Bitcoin in a post-quantum cryptographic world?

Bitcoin relies on two cryptographic principles: the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) and the SHA-256 hashing function. The ECDSA is used for signing transactions, which verifies the rightful owner of the Bitcoin. On the other hand, the SHA-256 hashing function is used for proof-of-work mechanism, which prevents double-spending. Both principles are expected to become vulnerable in the face of powerful quantum computers.

Quantum Threat to Bitcoin

Quantum computers, due to their inherent nature of superposition and entanglement, can process information on a scale far beyond the capability of classical computers. Shor's Algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring integers, could potentially break the ECDSA by deriving the private key from the public key, something that is computationally infeasible with current computing technology. Grover's Algorithm, another quantum algorithm, can significantly speed up the process of finding a nonce, thus jeopardizing the proof-of-work mechanism.

Post-Quantum Cryptography

In a post-quantum world, Bitcoin and similar systems must adapt to maintain their security. This is where post-quantum cryptography (PQC) enters the scene. PQC refers to cryptographic algorithms (usually public-key algorithms) that are thought to be secure against an attack by a quantum computer. These algorithms provide a promising direction for securing Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies against the quantum threat.

Bitcoin in the Post Quantum World

Adopting a quantum-resistant algorithm is a potential solution to the quantum threat. Bitcoin could potentially transition to a quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithm via a hard fork, a radical change to the blockchain protocol that makes previously invalid blocks/transactions valid (or vice-versa). Such a transition would require a complete consensus in the Bitcoin community, a notoriously difficult achievement given the decentralized nature of the platform.

Moreover, the Bitcoin protocol can be updated with quantum-resistant signature schemes like the Lattice-based, Code-based, Multivariate polynomial, or Hash-based cryptography. These cryptosystems are believed to withstand quantum attacks even with the implementation of Shor's Algorithm.

Additionally, Bitcoin could integrate quantum key distribution (QKD), a secure communication method using a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the advent of quantum computers does indeed pose a threat to Bitcoin's security. However, with the development of post-quantum cryptography, there are potential solutions to this problem. The future of Bitcoin in a post-quantum world is likely to depend on how quickly and effectively these new cryptographic methods can be implemented. The key is to be prepared and proactive to ensure the longevity of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in the face of this new quantum era.

While the quantum threat may seem daunting, it also presents an opportunity - an opportunity to improve, to innovate, and to adapt. After all, the essence of survival lies in the ability to adapt to change. In the end, Bitcoin, like life, will find a way.

[knightprincess]

Forgive Me (Echo x Medic Reader) Part 8

Words: 1.4K Warning: None (just a few protective troopers) 

:read more:

(Y/N) hadn't been the same since finding out about Echo's fate. In the place of her happy, upbeat personality. Was sadness, she'd become a shadow of her former self. Although she tried to smile, it was clear it didn't reach her eyes and the bright spark to have once been alight behind her (E/C) eyes, had since been extinguished. Although she was sent on assignments, General Skywalker refused to allow her on the battlefield unless absolutely necessary something several members of the 501st echoed, especially Fives and Rex. Jesse and Kix did too but were a bit more lenient. 

Additionally, (Y/N) had been given several rotations leave from the front lines. Instead being reassigned to the Military base on Coruscant. There she had been given several tasks, including ensuring all Jedi Cruisers had the supplies needed and new recruits had a friendly face to greet them. Ensuring rookie troopers knew there was someone they could turn to that cared. While there several troopers watched over her whenever they could. More often than not sending updates to those of the 501st, reassuring them she was okay. 

"Are you seriously going to follow me everywhere I go?" asked Snap, throwing her words over her shoulder the moment she sensed Wolffe and Gregor trailing her again. Something both had made a habit of doing, especially Gregor. "I'm sure the two of you have other things to do" commented the medic, as she rounded the corner to pass the ship depo, almost surprised to see the cruisers belonging to the 212th had returned. Which only meant the 501st would be due back at some point. 

"Nothing's more important than you Snap" called Wolffe from behind, his voice gruff as normal. Snap could only assume he was rolling his mismatched eyes as he often did. Gregor's signature chuckle chased after the Commander's words, a playful tone to it. As if the pair were playing a game of cat and mouse with her, a game they had no intention of ending anytime soon. "Plus someone's got to keep an eye on you. Even more so since your ex decided to get a job around her as a cryptographer" added the Commander, reminding the friendly medic, her brother-in-law and ex had recently been recruited. His job role ensured he was on Coruscant and assigned to the medical base. 

"So your plan is to follow me around and be my self-assigned bodyguards?" questioned (Y/N), a smile threatening to tug at the corner of her lips, something that felt foreign to her in past weeks. "Are you going to do that until I return to my normal duty?" asked the caring medic, knowing if it was Wolffe or Gregor then it would be one of the others, Nova and Cody, even Rex, Fives, Jesse, or Tup. Although there were times it had been only one trooper following her, she was all too aware there were normally two. One just kept to the shadows as the other made it plain and clear. 

"We were thinking of recruiting Cody's boys" announced Gregor, quickly cutting himself off, upon Wolffe smacking him upside the head, a death glare followed it. The commander quickly realized he hadn't been fast enough to stop Gregor's words, when Snap had turned to face the duo, curiosity peaked, upon the mention of Cody's boys. Silently she questioned if the boys in question were other members of the 212th, similar to the Wolf Pack. Or if it was a reference to an entirely different unit. 

"Clone Force 99" admitted Wolffe, not bothering to try and hide the fact. Like many he'd heard of the elite commando unit, as it was clear (Y/N) had too. The skills the four had were unmatched by anyone else, both clones and civvies. Cody had spoken highly of them and their individual skills as troopers, only a few times had the Commander of the 212th mentioned their enhancements, normally a quick comment in a passing conversation. "They were recently redirected back here, for leave" added the Commander of the 104th legion, something he was sure Snap was already aware of. Wrecker would have likely needed his mandatory cybernetic check. Something Wolffe had also recently gone through, although (Y/N) had been gentle and offered kind words for distractions. 

"The Bad Batch" voiced Snap, thrust confirming she was indeed aware of the commando group. She'd recently had the pleasure of meeting Tech, who had all but been dragged to her medbay by Crosshair, both of which had sustained a few injuries from their prior assignment. Crosshair had remained quiet as she worked on them both, his eyes always locked on the door as if watching for someone on the opposite side. Tech had been the opposite, chatty and friendly. Almost fearless with his never-ending thread of compliments. A few Tib bits of advice every now and again.  

"Told you she knew about them" commented Cody as he walked past, looking a little worse for wear. The latest battlefield no doubt harsher than normal. The I told you so look painted on his features as he passed both Wolffe and Gregor, almost as if scolding them for doubting Snap's ability to remember every trooper to come her way. The four members of Clone Force 99 were particularly hard to forget, especially when most questioned if they were even clones in the first place. "When do you return to active field duty?" questioned the Commander of the 212th, his helmet neatly tucked beneath his arm, as he come to a stop next to (Y/N), acting as if he was a protective older brother rather than a friend. Octavius wandered back and forth just up ahead as if lost or waiting for someone. 

"Next rotation, back on duty with the 501st. General Skywalker had a hard time trying to make it permanent" replied (Y/N), recalling receiving the news, she'd be permanently assigned to the 501st. She'd been both excited about it and absolutely terrified. Now more than ever she feared losing another she cared for so much, plus she didn't want to leave those of the 212th and 104th legions behind. Even more so when both had yet to be assigned a permanent civvi medic. Plus she didn't want to leave those who had become a found family to her behind again. Even when they constantly followed her, she knew they'd only done so to make sure nothing happened and to remind her someone was there for her as she had been for them. 

"Well, he won the battle with the all-mighty powers at be. We clones are a different matter" laughed Gregor. His chuckle was lighthearted and warm but the tone of his voice was serious, suggesting many of them were as reluctant to let Snap go, as she was to leave them. For the first time, Snap let her sweet laugh pass through her lips, for a few seconds the bright glimmer in her eyes returned, as if things were back to normal. The reality was brought crashing back when Wolffe all but growled at Octavius drawing nearer, showing his clear distrust of the cryptographer. 

"I'll walk you back to your medbay" commented Cody, attempting to remove Snap from the situation at hand. At the same time, he knew like all troopers, he would have to go through the normal round of checks. As was mandatory after the senate's latest bill, its intention was to ensure all troopers were healthy and not sent back to the front lines of war if injured. "I'll willingly submit to the check-up" added the commander as if trying his best to convince her to leave the area willingly. At least before Wolffe snapped or Gregor did something. 

"Don't do anything I wouldn't boys" voiced (Y/N), as she willingly allowed Cody to lead her away from the corridor, back the way she'd come. Her prior list of to-do jobs forgotten for the time being. Something she'd pick back up again at a later date. Snap took notice when both troopers reluctantly nodded as if they picked up on her subtle attempt to save them from being court marshaled. She had no doubt what both protective men thinking of doing. "I'll make it difficult if I have to patch either of you up again" added Snap, recalling the number of times Gregor had been gone to her after a bar fight. Wolffe had a few times, but his injuries had been caused by breaking said fights up rather than causing them. 

Happy Star Wars Day!

Masterlist

[harrelltut]

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[mariacallous]

Microsoft said in June that a China-backed hacking group had stolen a cryptographic key from the company's systems. This key allowed the attackers to access cloud-based Outlook email systems for 25 organizations, including multiple US government agencies. At the time of the disclosure, however, Microsoft did not explain how the hackers were able to compromise such a sensitive and highly guarded key, or how they were able to use the key to move between consumer- and enterprise-tier systems. But a new postmortem published by the company on Wednesday explains a chain of slipups and oversights that allowed the improbable attack.

Such cryptographic keys are significant in cloud infrastructure because they are used to generate authentication “tokens” that prove a user’s identity for accessing data and services. Microsoft says it stores these sensitive keys in an isolated and strictly access-controlled “production environment.” But during a particular system crash in April 2021, the key in question was an incidental stowaway in a cache of data that crossed out of the protected zone.

“All the best hacks are deaths by 1,000 paper cuts, not something where you exploit a single vulnerability and then get all the goods,” says Jake Williams, a former US National Security Agency hacker who is now on the faculty of the Institute for Applied Network Security.

After the fateful crash of a consumer signing system, the cryptographic key ended up in an automatically generated “crash dump” of data about what had happened. Microsoft's systems are meant to be designed so signing keys and other sensitive data don't end up in crash dumps, but this key slipped through because of a bug. Worse still, the systems built to detect errant data in crash dumps failed to flag the cryptographic key.

With the crash dump seemingly vetted and cleared, it was moved from the production environment to a Microsoft “debugging environment,” a sort of triage and review area connected to the company's regular corporate network. Once again though, a scan designed to spot the accidental inclusion of credentials failed to detect the key's presence in the data.

Sometime after all of this occurred in April 2021, the Chinese espionage group, which Microsoft calls Storm-0558, compromised the corporate account of a Microsoft engineer. According to Microsoft, that target engineer's account was itself compromised with a stolen access token obtained from a machine infected with malware, though it hasn't shared how that infection occurred. 

With this account, the attackers could access the debugging environment where the ill-fated crash dump and key were stored. Microsoft says it no longer has logs from this era that directly show the compromised account exfiltrating the crash dump, “but this was the most probable mechanism by which the actor acquired the key.” Armed with this crucial discovery, the attackers were able to start generating legitimate Microsoft account access tokens.

Another unanswered question about the incident had been how the attackers used a cryptographic key from the crash log of a consumer signing system to infiltrate the enterprise email accounts of organizations like government agencies. Microsoft said on Wednesday that this was possible because of a flaw related to an application programming interface that the company had provided to help customer systems cryptographically validate signatures. The API had not been fully updated with libraries that would validate whether a system should accept tokens signed with consumer keys or enterprise keys, and as a result, many systems could be tricked into accepting either.

The company says it has fixed all of the bugs and lapses that cumulatively exposed the key in the debugging environment and allowed it to sign tokens that would be accepted by enterprise systems. But Microsoft's recap still does not fully describe how attackers compromised the engineer's corporate account—such as how malware capable of stealing an engineer's access tokens ended up on its network—and Microsoft did not immediately respond to WIRED's request for more information. 

The fact Microsoft kept limited logs during this time period is significant, too, says independent security researcher Adrian Sanabria. As part of its response to the Storm-0558 hacking spree overall, the company said in July that it would expand the cloud logging capabilities that it offers for free. “It's particularly notable because one of the complaints about Microsoft is that they don't set up their own customers for security success,” Sanabria says. “Logs disabled by default, security features are an add-on requiring additional spending, or more premium licenses. It appears they themselves got bit by this practice.”

As Williams from the Institute for Applied Network Security points out, organizations like Microsoft must face highly motivated and well-resourced attackers who are unusually capable of capitalizing on the most esoteric or improbable mistakes. He says that from reading Microsoft's latest updates on the situation, he is more sympathetic to why the situation played out the way it did.

“You'll only hear about highly complex hacks like this in an environment like Microsoft's,” he says. “In any other organization, the security is relatively so weak that a hack doesn't need to be complex. And even when environments are pretty secure, they often lack the telemetry—along with the retention—needed to investigate something like this. Microsoft is a rare organization that has both. Most organizations wouldn't even store logs like this for a few months, so I'm impressed that they had as much telemetry as they did."