#clean fuel energy industry

[hope-for-the-planet]

Images and text from this Reuters article.

"OPEC cut its forecast for global oil demand growth this year and next on Tuesday, highlighting weakness in China, India and other regions, marking the producer group's fourth consecutive downward revision in the 2024 outlook."

[idk-bruh-20]

If Tony Stark was real in our reality

all the villains he " "created" " would be, like:

- oil tycoon pissed that Stark has made renewable energy free for the whole state of NY and has plans to expand the tech to other states, countries, the world

- CEO of a predatory student loan company enraged by Stark making college widely affordable through an endless supply of scholarships

- corrupt politician whose career is over after his dirty laundry gets aired - in a leak that can't be traced to Stark Industries.. but also can't not be traced to it

------

Tony: attempts to make the world a better place with the power he has

Literally all the people who benefit from the world being a bad place:  time to break out the tights and commit crimes???

[chemicalmarketwatch-sp]

Refinery Catalyst Market: Driving Efficiency, Sustainability, and Growth in Energy and Industry

In the rapidly evolving energy landscape, refinery catalysts are critical to refining crude oil into high-quality products such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Beyond efficiency, they help refineries meet stricter environmental standards and reduce operational costs. As global energy demands rise and regulations tighten, the refinery catalyst market continues to innovate, creating opportunities for sectors such as oil & gas, automotive, and environmental industries.

Market Overview

The refinery catalyst market is experiencing steady growth, fueled by a heightened focus on sustainability, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. The global refinery catalyst market is valued at USD 5.6 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6.8 billion by 2029, growing at 4.0% cagr from 2024 to 2029. The key categories of catalysts include:

FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) Catalysts: Widely used to break heavy hydrocarbons into lighter, more valuable products like gasoline and propylene.

Hydrotreating Catalysts: Remove impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen, ensuring fuel meets ultra-low sulfur standards.

Hydrocracking Catalysts: Convert heavy hydrocarbons into cleaner fuels, such as kerosene and diesel.

Catalytic Reforming Catalysts: Increase the octane rating of fuels, meeting the performance needs of modern engines.

Key Drivers of Growth

1. Increasing Energy Demand

As developing economies grow, their energy consumption surges, creating a higher demand for refined products. Refinery catalysts enable refiners to maximize output and quality, making them essential tools in addressing this demand.

2. Stricter Environmental Standards

Governments worldwide are implementing more rigorous emission standards, such as Euro 6 and IMO 2020 low-sulfur marine fuel regulations. Advanced hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts help refineries produce cleaner fuels to comply with these mandates, particularly for automotive and shipping industries.

3. Petrochemical Industry Growth

Beyond fuel, catalysts are integral to producing petrochemicals like ethylene and propylene, which are foundational to plastics, textiles, and specialty chemicals. As these industries expand, so does the need for advanced catalytic processes.

4. Technological Innovations

The introduction of nano-based catalysts and other high-performance technologies has revolutionized the market. These advancements provide greater efficiency, selectivity, and durability, reducing waste and boosting refinery productivity.

Challenges in the Market

While opportunities abound, the market faces certain hurdles:

Oil Price Volatility: Fluctuating crude oil prices impact refinery investments in catalyst upgrades.

Renewable Energy Transition: The global shift towards renewable energy sources is influencing fossil fuel dependency.

Spent Catalyst Disposal: Recycling spent catalysts, which often contain hazardous materials, remains a complex and costly process.

Emerging Trends

1. Cleaner Fuel Production

The focus on reducing carbon footprints has led to innovations in catalysts for ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and high-octane gasoline production. These are crucial for reducing emissions in the automotive sector.

2. AI Integration in Refineries

Artificial intelligence is optimizing catalyst usage and refinery operations by predicting wear, improving process efficiency, and minimizing downtime.

3. Circular Economy Practices

Catalyst manufacturers are increasingly recycling spent catalysts to recover valuable metals like platinum and palladium. These practices lower costs and align with sustainability goals.

4. Regional Dynamics

Asia-Pacific: Rapid industrialization and new refinery projects in India, China, and Southeast Asia drive significant demand.

North America: The rise of shale gas and tight oil production supports advanced catalytic processes.

Middle East & Africa: Investments in large-scale refineries and petrochemical complexes are expanding market opportunities.

Applications Across Industries

Oil & Gas: Refinery catalysts are indispensable for producing cleaner, high-quality fuels.

Automotive: The shift towards cleaner transportation fuels ties directly to the automotive industry's sustainability goals.

Catalyst Manufacturing: The demand for specialized, high-performance catalysts fosters innovation in production techniques.

Environmental Sector: Catalysts help minimize industrial emissions, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.

Download PDF Brochure : 

The refinery catalyst market serves as a cornerstone for industries striving for efficiency and sustainability. With innovations in catalytic technologies and growing adoption of eco-friendly practices, the market is not only addressing current energy challenges but also shaping a more sustainable future. For decision-makers in oil & gas, automotive, energy, and environmental industries, embracing advancements in refinery catalysts can unlock new growth opportunities and align operations with global environmental goals.

As the demand for cleaner fuels and petrochemicals grows, refinery catalysts will continue to lead the way in delivering superior performance, reduced emissions, and enhanced productivity—an essential step toward a greener tomorrow.

[meteorologistaustenlonek]

"Fossil Fuel Interests Are Working to Kill Solar in One Ohio County. The Hometown Newspaper Is Helping."

[learnwithmearticles]

Energy Jobs

A major concern in shifting to a clean energy economy is the loss of many jobs that people have worked in for decades. It is not so simple as putting non-renewable energy employees into renewable energy jobs. These jobs require training, and people who lose jobs as we decrease non-renewable energy reliance need a way to financially sustain themselves.

Lost Jobs

According to Reimagining the Economy in 2023, over one million people worked in fossil fuel production. Not all of these people automatically have skills that easily transfer into clean energy, and some of those jobs are trades that have not required college degrees. 

As of 2022, the oil industry was made up of 71% male employees. 73% of employees were white, with no large racial differences from the overall workforce average. Globally, fossil fuels made up about 32 million jobs in the same year.

The coal industry decreased by about 7,000 employees in 2022. Natural gas increased by 7,000, and oil by 279.

In the U.S., decreasing fossil fuel production is expected to displace close to 2 million workers by 2050.

Additionally, most fossil fuel jobs are centered away from the coasts, in states like Texas, the Midwest, and near the Appalachian mountains.

New Jobs

From 2021 to 2022, clean energy jobs grew 3.9% to about 3.1 million jobs. By 2030, the clean energy transition is expected to have created 30 million new jobs. But that doesn’t mean that they’re available to workers leaving the fossil fuel industries.

Many fossil fuel jobs are not near the coasts, for one, while many solar and wind jobs are.

A study in 2023 found that geospatial distance is a primary barrier to transitioning fossil fuel workers to green jobs.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) claims that 14 million new jobs will be created in clean energy, and an additional 16 million fossil fuel workers will shift into clean energy jobs. However, the IEA also estimates that about 60% of clean energy jobs created by 2030 will require post-secondary training. The exact training will depend on the job, but overall, most people interested in the clean energy industry are advised to major in Chemistry, Biology, or Environmental Engineering. Contrastingly, the most sought after degrees in fossil fuel jobs are Petroleum Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. It will likely be very difficult for workers to switch their specializations in this way.

These new jobs will also have risks unless worker protection policies are enacted and upheld. Newer and quickly growing industries, such as solar, are less likely to have labour protections and unions. Around 17% of U.S. fossil fuel jobs have a union, which is relatively high compared to the average of 10% across industries. Clean energy jobs have about a 12.4% union rate, surpassing the general average but still below fossil fuels. In other words, if workers are qualified for clean energy jobs, there is yet another reason for them to resist investing their work in clean energy. Meanwhile, those who do still switch to a clean energy job might see far fewer benefits from their employment.

Moving Forward

With a changing labour force and new growing industries, it is important to realize who will be disadvantaged by switching from the fossil-fuel reliant economy that has been built. Decreasing non-renewable energy production means fewer jobs on which people have been building their livelihoods.

The IEA believes that many of these fossil fuel jobs require skills that translate well to clean energy. With the growth in clean energy jobs expected to outnumber the loss in fossil fuel jobs, the concern then is making sure fossil fuel workers have the resources to make that switch. What are workers expected to do if they can’t physically reach those jobs?

Morgan Frank from the University of Pittsburgh has proposed one possible solution. The areas of machinery, infrastructure, and working with tools are ones that many fossil fuel jobs prepare you for. Workers might want to focus on searching for such jobs, not only within the industries of clean energy.

There is no way to perfectly ensure that every person finds the job they need in the energy-shifting economy. We still have a responsibility to facilitate this transition as much as possible, because shifting to clean energy is about what we owe to the earth and to each other. That includes clean air, parks, and fresh water, but also the ability to afford food, shelter, and amenities since everything is increasingly expensive.

Additional Resources

1. Reimagining the Economy

2. 2022 Industry Demographics

3. Displaced Workers

4. Reassigning Fossil Fuel Workers

5. Job Location Problems

[touchaheartnews]

Challenges Facing the Rollout of CNG Vehicles: An Investigation

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles have been promoted as a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles. As countries worldwide push for greener transportation solutions to address climate change, reduce air pollution, and decrease dependence on fossil fuels, CNG has emerged as a promising option. However, despite its potential, the widespread…

[techdriveplay]

The Rise of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

In the ever-evolving landscape of automotive technology, one innovation stands out as a beacon of hope for a sustainable future: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). As the world grapples with the pressing need to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, the rise of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles offers a promising solution. These vehicles, which run on one of the universe’s most abundant…

[jcmarchi]

Molecular Weaving Makes Polymer Composites Stronger Without Compromising Function - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/molecular-weaving-makes-polymer-composites-stronger-without-compromising-function-technology-org/

Molecular Weaving Makes Polymer Composites Stronger Without Compromising Function - Technology Org

At its most basic, chemistry is a lot like working with building blocks at its most basic level, but the materials are atoms and molecules. COFs – or covalent organic frameworks, a new class of porous crystals – are a great example of a material that behaves like a molecular Lego set, where individual building blocks are connected through strong chemical bonds to form a highly open and structured network.

This intricate structure provides a scaffold for polymer chains to thread or wrap during their formation and strength. Think of a woven scarf or basket – a single piece of yarn or twine may not be much on its own, but when woven together, the pattern enhances the final product’s overall performance. Furthermore, when these chains weave together, sometimes even the chemical reactions further strengthen the material’s properties.

Schematic illustration of the COF structure, polymers, and nanofibrils courtesy of Science Magazine / UC Berkeley

In 2016, Yaghi Research Group, led by UC Berkeley’s Professor of Chemistry Omar Yaghi, realized the first molecularly woven structure by interlacing the backbone of the framework in a 3D space. These molecular woven COF crystals are tough but extremely flexible, as every atom has a high degree of freedom to move around but is also locked in place, and as a whole the woven crystals are able to dissipate energy during stress to prevent fracture.

Today, together with Ting Xu, Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering; and Rob Ritchie, Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, the lab is now leveraging both the porosity and molecular weaving to make polymer composites stronger, tougher, and more resistant to fracture by threading polymer strands through the woven network. Their findings have been published in a paper by Science.

“This is exciting because most filler materials enhance one mechanical property at the detriment of another,” said Ephraim Neumann, a PhD candidate at the College of Chemistry working at the Yaghi Research Group. Neumann is sharing his first authorship with joint student of Xu and Ritchie, Junpyo (Patrick) Kwon, who graduated (PhD) last year from UC Berkeley.

But why are COFs themselves so useful to everyday life? One example is that due to their exceptional porosity, COFs are used extensively in storing and separating gases such as hydrogen and methane. Both hydrogen and methane are clean energy carriers that can be used in fuel cells and combustion engines. Storing them enables their use in transportation and power generation without producing harmful emissions.

Now, thanks to this new research that suggests polymer composites can be made more durable, the applications and uses have wider implications.

“When we add a small amount (1%) of these woven COF crystals to other materials such as polymer or plastic in this case, the materials become significantly tougher and can have a high tolerance for damages and fractures. This could have a huge impact on the materials industry,” said Yaghi.

For example, polyimide, found in almost every laptop and electrical wiring, was one of the investigated polymers in this study. By adding woven COF nanocrystals, the team was able to improve the mechanical performance of the polymer without compromising its thermal stability. This suggests this technique could lead to longer lifetimes for these composites. “Or if the material becomes more resilient, one could use less of it to achieve the same result,” hypothesized Neumann. Polyimide can also be found in the solar sails used by NASA, as it is often used as a support material that lends thermal and mechanical durability to many applications.

“Many properties of plastic products rely on polymer chain entanglements,” said Xu. “My favorite analogy is how an angel hair pasta and a bowtie pasta may respond to a swirl in the plate. Adding nanoparticles of these crystalline COFs can template how these long chains may arrange spatially and get the whole plate to work together. It also becomes feasible to pull out the chains, separate out polymers from COF nanoparticles and do the process again from scratch.”

When thinking about how this might affect industries beyond materials, Neumann concluded, “While this discovery focuses on specific polymers, the basic concept of using porous, molecularly woven COFs to enhance mechanical properties could be extended to many other materials.”

Source: UC Berkeley

You can offer your link to a page which is relevant to the topic of this post.

[insightinvestnews]

Fuel Cell Generator Market Is Driven by Minimalization of Carbon Residues

The size of the fuel cell generator market was USD 330 million in 2022, and the figure is set to rise at a CAGR of 17.50% from 2022 to 2030 and reach USD 1,199 million by the end of this decade.

There are several reasons for this development, including the minimalization of CO2 emissions, the easy availability of fuel cells, and their ability to renew energy. The snowballing need for the production of clean power along with minimal releases from CO2 will drive the market.

Numerous regions and nations throughout the globe are targeting to decrease overall releases of CO2 to zero by 2050, To achieve CO2 neutrality. The government's focus has amplified on making a decarbonized civilization in the past few years. To achieve this aim, the introduction of renewable sources, including solar, biomass, hydro, wind, and geothermal, is vital.

The production of electricity with the support of solar and wind has a few drawbacks, like the lack of ability to regulate the generation and huge quantity of output disparities reliant on weather conditions.

Aquaculture is the fastest-rising end-user developing at a CAGR of approximately 19.2%, credited to the increasing quantity of aquaculture amenities and increasing ecological impacts related to it such as the consumption of electricity and water. Mainly to lessen the environmental effects, governments have taken numerous steps to utilize fuel cell-based generators as an alternative to diesel generators.

North America is dominating the fuel cell generator market and is projected to continue with this dominance throughout the decade. This can be ascribed to the growing concentration and fast acceptance of clean sources.

In North America, the U.S. is leading the market, and it will develop with a CAGR of 18.1%, credited to solid economic support. The innovative growth in the usage of renewable sources and snowballing electricity needs from the aquaculture and data centers industry are the major reasons that will boost the industry in the future as well.  

Hence, the minimalization of CO2 emissions, the easy availability of fuel cells, and their ability to renew energy are the major factors contributing to the growth of the fuel cell generator market.

[batboyblog]

Things Biden and the Democrats did, this week #24

June 21-28 2024

The US Surgeon General declared for the first time ever, firearm violence a public health crisis. The nation's top doctor recommended the banning of assault weapons and large-capacity magazines, the introduce universal background checks for purchasing guns, regulate the industry, pass laws that would restrict their use in public spaces and penalize people who fail to safely store their weapons. President Trump dismissed Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy in 2017 in part for his criticism of guns before his time in government, he was renominated for his post by President Biden in 2021. While the Surgeon General's reconstructions aren't binding a similar report on the risks of smoking in 1964 was the start of a national shift toward regulation of tobacco.

Vice-President Harris announced the first grants to be awarded through a ground breaking program to remove barriers to building more housing. Under President Biden more housing units are under construction than at any time in the last 50 years. Vice President Harris was announcing 85 million dollars in grants giving to communities in 21 states through the  Pathways to Removing Obstacles to Housing (PRO) program. The administration plans another 100 million in PRO grants at the end of the summer and has requested 100 million more for next year. The Treasury also announced it'll moved 100 million of left over Covid funds toward housing. All of this is part of plans to build 2 million affordable housing units and invest $258 billion in housing overall.

President Biden pardoned all former US service members convicted under the US Military's ban on gay sex. The pardon is believed to cover 2,000 veterans convicted of "consensual sodomy". Consensual sodomy was banned and a felony offense under the Uniform Code of Justice from 1951 till 2013. The Pardon will wipe clean those felony records and allow veterans to apply to change their discharge status.

The Department of Transportation announced $1.8 Billion in new infrastructure building across all 50 states, 4 territories and Washington DC. The program focuses on smaller, often community-oriented projects that span jurisdictions. This award saw a number of projects focused on climate and energy, like $25 million to help repair damage caused by permafrost melting amid higher temperatures in Alaska, or $23 million to help electrify the Downeast bus fleet in Maine.

The Department of Energy announced $2.7 billion to support domestic sources of nuclear fuel. The Biden administration hopes to build up America's domestic nuclear fuel to allow for greater stability and lower costs. Currently Russia is the world's top exporter of enriched uranium, supplying 24% of US nuclear fuel.

The Department of Interior awarded $127 million to 6 states to help clean up legacy pollution from orphaned oil and gas wells. The funding will help cap 600 wells in Alaska, Arizona, Indiana, New York and Ohio. So far thanks to administration efforts over 7,000 orphaned wells across the country have been capped, reduced approximately 11,530 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions

HUD announced $469 million to help remove dangerous lead from older homes. This program will focus on helping homeowners particularly low income ones remove lead paint and replace lead pipes in homes built before 1978. This represents one of the largest investments by the federal government to help private homeowners deal with a health and safety hazard.

Bonus: President Biden's efforts to forgive more student debt through his administration's SAVE plan hit a snag this week when federal courts in Kansas and Missouri blocked elements the Administration also suffered a set back at the Supreme Court as its efforts to regular smog causing pollution was rejected by the conservative majority in a 5-4 ruling that saw Amy Coney Barrett join the 3 liberals against the conservatives. This week's legal setbacks underline the importance of courts and the ability to nominate judges and Justices over the next 4 years.

[sgrji]

Exxon Mobil Corporation: Shaping the Energy Landscape with Innovation and Sustainability

Exxon Mobil Corporation, a global energy conglomerate, ranks among the world’s leading publicly traded energy companies. Renowned for its extensive presence in oil, gas, and petrochemical industries, Exxon’s operations span exploration, production, refining, and distribution. With a legacy dating back over a century, the company is recognized for its technological innovations and substantial…

[electronalytics]

Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) Market Overview and Upcoming Trends 2032

Overview of the Molten Salt Reactor Market:

Global Molten Salt Reactors market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9% by 2032.

The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) Market revolves around the development, deployment, and commercialization of nuclear reactors that use molten salt as both fuel and coolant. MSR technology offers unique advantages, including enhanced safety, reduced nuclear waste, efficient fuel utilization, and the potential to operate on a variety of fuel types. The market is driven by the growing interest in advanced nuclear energy solutions that address safety concerns, waste management, and sustainable energy production.

Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) are a type of advanced nuclear reactor technology that use a liquid mixture of salts as both the fuel and the coolant. MSRs offer several potential advantages, including increased safety, reduced nuclear waste, and the ability to efficiently use thorium as a fuel source. The MSR market has gained attention as a potential solution for addressing energy needs while minimizing environmental impacts.

Scope:

Advanced Reactor Technology: MSRs represent a novel approach to nuclear power generation, utilizing liquid fuel instead of solid fuel rods. The scope includes research, development, and commercialization of MSR designs.

Fuel Flexibility: MSRs can utilize a range of fuels, including thorium and enriched uranium, which expands the scope to exploring alternative fuel cycles for efficient energy production and reduced nuclear waste.

Nuclear Waste Reduction: The inherent design of MSRs can potentially reduce the long-lived nuclear waste compared to conventional reactors, making MSR technology part of waste management solutions.

Safety Features: MSRs offer passive safety mechanisms, including negative temperature coefficients and natural circulation of the molten fuel, which enhances reactor safety.

Thorium Fuel Cycle: The scope includes exploring the potential of thorium as a fuel source in MSRs, as it is more abundant and potentially safer compared to traditional uranium fuel.

Energy Generation: MSRs have potential applications in electricity generation, process heat production, and even hydrogen production, expanding the scope to various industrial sectors.

Research and Development: The scope encompasses ongoing research and development efforts to optimize MSR designs, improve fuel cycle efficiency, and enhance safety features.

Demand:

Clean Energy Generation: Growing demand for clean and low-carbon energy sources to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions drives interest in advanced nuclear technologies like MSRs.

Nuclear Power Resurgence: The MSR's potential to overcome some limitations of traditional reactors, such as safety concerns and nuclear waste issues, aligns with the global interest in reviving and advancing nuclear power.

Energy Security: MSRs offer a stable and reliable energy source that can contribute to energy security and grid stability, particularly in regions with limited access to traditional energy resources.

Industrial Applications: The high-temperature output of MSRs can be used for industrial processes, such as hydrogen production and desalination, driving demand for efficient and versatile energy solutions.

Opportunities:

Innovation in Nuclear Technology: The development of MSR technology presents opportunities for innovation in reactor design, materials science, and fuel cycle optimization.

Waste Management Solutions: MSRs' potential to reduce nuclear waste and utilize existing waste as fuel offers opportunities for addressing the long-term challenges of nuclear waste disposal.

Energy Transition: MSRs can be a bridge between conventional energy sources and a more sustainable future, presenting opportunities in the global transition to cleaner energy systems.

Collaboration and Investment: Opportunities exist for collaboration between governments, research institutions, and private sector companies to advance MSR technology through funding, expertise, and resources.

Energy Export and Security: Countries with advanced MSR technology can potentially export clean and safe nuclear energy solutions, enhancing energy security and international partnerships.

Nuclear Industry Revival: The development and deployment of MSRs can contribute to a revitalized nuclear industry by addressing public concerns, safety issues, and waste management challenges.

We recommend referring our Stringent datalytics firm, industry publications, and websites that specialize in providing market reports. These sources often offer comprehensive analysis, market trends, growth forecasts, competitive landscape, and other valuable insights into this market.

By visiting our website or contacting us directly, you can explore the availability of specific reports related to this market. These reports often require a purchase or subscription, but we provide comprehensive and in-depth information that can be valuable for businesses, investors, and individuals interested in this market.

“Remember to look for recent reports to ensure you have the most current and relevant information.”

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Market Segmentations:

Global Molten Salt Reactor Market: By Company

• MAN Energy Solutions

• Kairos Power

• Enesoon Holding

• Copenhagen Atomics

• Terrestrial Energy

• Moltex Energy

• ThorCon Power

• Elysium Industries

• Transatomic

• Flibe Energy

• Lightbridge

• Shanghai TaiYang Technology Co.,Ltd

Global Molten Salt Reactor Market: By Type

• Thorium

• Plutonium

• Uranium

Global Molten Salt Reactor Market: By Application

• Oil and Gas

• Power and Energy

• Shipping

• Others

Global Molten Salt Reactor Market: Regional Analysis

The regional analysis of the global Molten Salt Reactor market provides insights into the market's performance across different regions of the world. The analysis is based on recent and future trends and includes market forecast for the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Molten Salt Reactor market report are as follows:

North America: The North America region includes the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The U.S. is the largest market for Molten Salt Reactor in this region, followed by Canada and Mexico. The market growth in this region is primarily driven by the presence of key market players and the increasing demand for the product.

Europe: The Europe region includes Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe. Germany is the largest market for Molten Salt Reactor in this region, followed by the U.K. and France. The market growth in this region is driven by the increasing demand for the product in the automotive and aerospace sectors.

Asia-Pacific: The Asia-Pacific region includes Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Rest of Asia-Pacific. China is the largest market for Molten Salt Reactor in this region, followed by Japan and India. The market growth in this region is driven by the increasing adoption of the product in various end-use industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and construction.

Middle East and Africa: The Middle East and Africa region includes Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, and Rest of Middle East and Africa. The market growth in this region is driven by the increasing demand for the product in the aerospace and defense sectors.

South America: The South America region includes Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America. Brazil is the largest market for Molten Salt Reactor in this region, followed by Argentina. The market growth in this region is primarily driven by the increasing demand for the product in the automotive sector.

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• To understand consumer behavior: this research reports can provide valuable insights into consumer behavior, including their preferences, purchasing habits, and demographics.

• To evaluate market opportunities: this research reports can help businesses evaluate market opportunities, including potential new products or services, new markets, and emerging trends.

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[spam-monster]

Why I Think Stone Should Be Shadow's Human Buddy:

- Both processing their grief.

- Shadow gets someone who's used to dealing with overdramatic rage and not talking about feelings.

- Shadow wakes up in a panic after a nightmare and trashes his room? Stone replaces everything without complaint and adds a force field around his stuff so he doesn't break anything else at night. Shadow mentions he misses having a record player? Stone buys him a new one and throws in every album released 50 years ago just in case.

- Stone gets someone who genuinely appreciates his help and who would actually do nice things for him in return.

- Shadow insists on helping Stone cook. Shadow helps clean up his own messes. Shadow tries to listen to his advice.

- Riding motorcycles out in the wilds and then setting up a tent and stargazing together.

- Also they're just both kinda hecked-up little guys.

- Like both probably mad at GUN still but settle for clandestinely thwarting their plans undercover.

- Also Stone kinda wants to take over the world in Robotnik's name but also wants to protect the world he sacrificed himself to save but also is too nice to use Shadow as a tool.

- Somehow they end up settling on "take over the coffee industry by offering better job benefits and use sustainable business practices to help protect the environment"

- Shadow helps transport the beans to reduce fuel costs. He likes having a job that's not just "run around to generate energy and let scientists poke at you"

- GUN is appalled when they find out the ultimate lifeform is working at a coffee company. "You have the power to level or fuel entire cities and you're wasting it on coffee?!"

- "I like coffee." Shadow glares dramatically.

- Team Shadow fits into dynamic as well - Stone having access to Eggman tech could be how they find Omega, and he and Rogue would be very catty at each other.

- Stone asks Tom and Maddie for advice on living with an alien hedgehog. They start giving him parenting advice.

- "I'm not a parent" he says

- but then he sees Shadow in danger and the switch clicks to "crap in trying to cope with the loss of the man I loved I accidentally adopted an edgy teenager"

- Just let him join the family dynamic as the weird uncle who watches soap operas with Knuckles and Maddie and helps Tails test inventions and threatens GUN with an entire arsenal of Egg tech if they try to go after the silly little alien critters ever again.

[reasonsforhope]

"A 1-megawatt sand battery that can store up to 100 megawatt hours of thermal energy will be 10 times larger than a prototype already in use.

The new sand battery will eliminate the need for oil-based energy consumption for the entire town of town of Pornainen, Finland.

Sand gets charged with clean electricity and stored for use within a local grid.

Finland is doing sand batteries big. Polar Night Energy already showed off an early commercialized version of a sand battery in Kankaanpää in 2022, but a new sand battery 10 times that size is about to fully rid the town of Pornainen, Finland of its need for oil-based energy.

In cooperation with the local Finnish district heating company Loviisan Lämpö, Polar Night Energy will develop a 1-megawatt sand battery capable of storing up to 100 megawatt hours of thermal energy.

“With the sand battery,” Mikko Paajanen, CEO of Loviisan Lämpö, said in a statement, “we can significantly reduce energy produced by combustion and completely eliminate the use of oil.”

Polar Night Energy introduced the first commercial sand battery in 2022, with local energy utility Vatajankoski. “Its main purpose is to work as a high-power and high-capacity reservoir for excess wind and solar energy,” Markku Ylönen, Polar Nigh Energy’s co-founder and CTO, said in a statement at the time. “The energy is stored as heat, which can be used to heat homes, or to provide hot steam and high temperature process heat to industries that are often fossil-fuel dependent.” ...

Sand—a high-density, low-cost material that the construction industry discards [Note: 6/13/24: Turns out that's not true! See note at the bottom for more info.] —is a solid material that can heat to well above the boiling point of water and can store several times the amount of energy of a water tank. While sand doesn’t store electricity, it stores energy in the form of heat. To mine the heat, cool air blows through pipes, heating up as it passes through the unit. It can then be used to convert water into steam or heat water in an air-to-water heat exchanger. The heat can also be converted back to electricity, albeit with electricity losses, through the use of a turbine.

In Pornainen, Paajanen believes that—just by switching to a sand battery—the town can achieve a nearly 70 percent reduction in emissions from the district heating network and keep about 160 tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere annually. In addition to eliminating the usage of oil, they expect to decrease woodchip combustion by about 60 percent.

The sand battery will arrive ready for use, about 42 feet tall and 49 feet wide. The new project’s thermal storage medium is largely comprised of soapstone, a byproduct of Tulikivi’s production of heat-retaining fireplaces. It should take about 13 months to get the new project online, but once it’s up and running, the Pornainen battery will provide thermal energy storage capacity capable of meeting almost one month of summer heat demand and one week of winter heat demand without recharging.

“We want to enable the growth of renewable energy,” Paajanen said. “The sand battery is designed to participate in all Fingrid’s reserve and balancing power markets. It helps to keep the electricity grid balanced as the share of wind and solar energy in the grid increases.”"

-via Popular Mechanics, March 13, 2024

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Note: I've been keeping an eye on sand batteries for a while, and this is really exciting to see. We need alternatives to lithium batteries ASAP, due to the grave human rights abuses and environmental damage caused by lithium mining, and sand batteries look like a really good solution for grid-scale energy storage.

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Note 6/13/24: Unfortunately, turns out there are substantial issues with sand batteries as well, due to sand scarcity. More details from a lovely asker here, sources on sand scarcity being a thing at the links: x, x, x, x, x