#bonifacio ang unang pangulo

[shinmiyovvi]

CoD Zombies Salvatorix Crew Face Claims

I know I haven't talked about them for months now but this is the opportunity to give time for these bimbinis to shine again! Took me a bit but it was worth the try to find good face claims of the crew. Without further a do...

Louis Hofmann for Stefan von Hoffmann

Yes, they have the same last name but with a different spelling. I was looking for German actors on the internet just for starters to look for potential candidates until I saw Louis Hofmann. He caught my attention and went to look for other photos of him, observing and imagining him being Stefan's face claim so I quickly didn't choose any candidates. His face looks very calm and gives off an intelligent and calculating vibe to it which the two are one of Stefan's traits as a person and also a team leader to his crew.

Grigory Dobyrin for Gavrilo Petrović

Huge thanks to @maninthebox242 for showing me pictures of this man, he is so fine to look at 👉👈 Anyways, he may be Russian but who cares, saw his green eyes and his sexy beard and I was like "Fuck it, we ballin." and went to make him as Gavi's face claim. Now I cannot stay silent whenever I draw Gavi because I will daydream about him having Grigory as his fc.

Jericho Rosales for Marcelito Gonzalez

This struck me while thinking of some potential face claims for the crew and the first thing I was thinking about was for Marcel. As I was spacing out, my brain just went to remember that time I watched Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo and remember Jose Rizal was played by Jericho Rosales. My mind just clicked and quickly made him as Marcel's fc with no other candidates available but only for Jericho. I chose him because of how I grew up just seeing him from any telenovela series that I binged watch every afternoon or every evening, depending on the series' schedule.

Adrien Brody for Lorenzo Beneventi

I mentioned this from the Main Ocs that Adrien was the first one that I had on mind for Dragomir but I disregarded it and make it for Lorenzo's. His facial structure was the driving force of me to make him as Lorenzo's face claim and also the fact that I watched Peaky Blinders and remembered him makes me think about a Mafia Au for our Italian boi.

Junichi Okada for Ryuji Tanaka

This was a very hard decision I had since I chose three candidates for Ryuji's face claim, that being Shun Oguri, Joe Odagiri, and Junichi Okada. I turned Shun as a reserve for now until I am left with Joe and Junichi. Both are present in war movies that I've watched before (Junichi was a Japanese pilot in The Eternal Zero while Joe was an IJA officer in the movie My Way). Both played their roles phenomenally but Junichi begins to grow in me considering that he has a similar facial hair with Ryuji.

Stacy Martin for Rochelle Levesque

The very first actress I laid my eyes on while searching for French actresses and I gotta say, her facial structure is what I wanted Rochelle to have. She has that cute yet beautiful face of hers and how her eyes looks very dreamy and elegant to look at. This will also apply to Primis Rochelle but since her Ultimis counterpart is a member of the Salvatorix Crew so I had to put it here.

Anna Kendrick for Mirabelle Hawkins

I have some other candidates with me like Elizabeth Olsen, Emma Stone, and Scarlet Johnson but I stumbled upon Anna Kendrick and went to search about her on the interest. I never imagine she was part of the Pitch Perfect series and the one who sang Cups (Where everyone uses a cup while singing it and it was a thing before). Her eyes was the key factor of making her as Mira's face claim as it has a slight dark bluish shade on her eyes.

[ranichi17]

philippine independence month | relationships [1/5]: andres bonifacio and gregoria de jesús

“On May 9, [Gregoria] suddenly realized that it was her birthday and began to weep as she recalled how her parents never let the day pass without a celebration. Bonifacio, who was feverish from his wounds (he had been wounded during his capture), tried to console his wife: ‘Alas, you tied yourself to a troubled life!’ She hastened to assure him that she was not lamenting her lot: ‘It had always been my dream to find as my companion to life a man with a golden love for freedom and for our country. It seems that the fortune you dream of is the fortune you get. And if now these moments of misfortune come to us, what shall we do? They come to us from the Lord!’”  — A Question of Heroes, Nick Joaquin

In 1892, the widowed 29-year-old Bonifacio met the then 18-year-old Gregoria during a meeting with his friend and her cousin, Teodoro Plata. Bonifacio courted Gregoria, who was nicknamed Oryang, for a year amidst her parents’ disapproval, as it was well known that Bonifacio was a member of the Freemasons. They eventually relented, and Bonifacio and Oryang got married in a Catholic ceremony on March 1893 at Binondo Church. Later that night, in nearby Santa Cruz, Bonifacio and Oryang remarried under the red flag of the Katipunan using the rites of their secret society, as some of the members did not approve of the Catholic Church as an oppressive colonial force. After the ceremony, Oryang was inducted into the Katipunan’s women’s chapter and became its head, taking the pseudonym of Lakambini. A year later, Oryang would give birth in her parents’ home to her only son with Bonifacio, whom she called Andres and would die young of smallpox.

When the Katipunan was exposed in 1896, Gregoria would accompany her husband through skirmishes and council meetings. She became in charge of the safekeeping of the society’s documents and even smuggled the revolutionaries their ammunition by hiding the caches of bullets and gunpowder beneath the folds of her skirt.

Eventually, friction within the members of the Katipunan begun, and from it sprung two factions, the Magdiwang and the Magdalo. In April 1897, after a failed elections wherein the Magdalo faction, particularly Daniel Tirona, refused to recognize Bonifacio’s election as Director of War, which led to Bonifacio being insulted and walking away, Aguinaldo ordered the arrest of Bonifacio and his brother Procopio, during which both brothers were injured. Gregoria followed her husband through all this. A trial in a kangaroo court summarily followed, where the brothers were judged to be guilty of sedition despite insufficient evidence.

The Bonifacio brothers were executed in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite sometime on the tenth of May 1897. The widowed Gregoria was said to have searched all over the mountains for the remains of her late husband, to no avail. Andres’ final resting place remains unknown.

[hindsightinsightforesight]

PANUNURING PAMPELIKULA 

Pamagat: Heneral Luna  :   Jerrold Tarog 

Tauhan: 

Mga Pangunahin Tauhan

1. John Arcilla bilang si Gen. Antonio Luna

2. Mon Confiado bilang si President Emilio Aguinaldo

Mga membro ng gabinete ni Pang. Aginaldo

1. Epy Quizon bilang si Prime Minister Apolinario

2. Mabini Alvin Anson bilang si Gen. José Alejandrino

3.Nonie Buencamino bilang si Felipe Buencamino Sr.

4.�� Leo Martinez  bilang Pedro Paterno

Mga Tauhan ni Heneral Luna

1. Joem Bascon bilang si Col. Francisco "Paco" Román

2.  Art Acuña bilang si Maj. Manuel Bernal  3.Alex Medina bilang si Capt. José Bernal 4. Archie Alemania bilang si Capt. Eduardo Rusca  5. Ronnie Lazaro bilang si Lt. García Mga Miyembro ng Magdiwang 1. Lorenz Martinez bilang si Gen. Tomás Mascardo 2. Ketchup Eusebio bilang si Capt. Pedro Janolino 3. Anthony Falcon bilang si Sgt. Díaz, mensahero ni General Mascardo  Iba pang mga sundalo ng Hukbong Sandatahan ng Republika ng PilipInas 1. Paulo Avelino bilang si Gen. Gregorio "Goyong" del Pilar 2. Benjamin Alves bilang si Lt. Manuel Quezon

Mga Sundalong Amerikano 1. Miguel Faustmann bilang si Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr. 2. E.A. Rocha bilang si Maj. Gen. Elwell Otis 3.Greg Dorris bilang si Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt 4. David Bianco bilang si Maj. Peter Lorry Smith 5. Rob Rownd bilang si Col. Boyd

 Mga Supporting Actor/es 1.  Bing Pimentel bilang si Laureana Luna, ina ni  Antonio Luna  2. Allan Paule bilang si Juan Luna,kapatid ni Antonio Luna 3. Marc Abaya bilang batang Antonio Luna 4. Perla Bautista bilang si Trinidad Aguinaldo, ina ni  Emilio Aguinaldo 5. Dido de la Paz bilang si Don Joaquín Luna de San Pedro,Ama ni Antonio Luna 6. Junjun Quintana bilang si José Rizal 7. Nico Antonio bilang si Andrés Bonifacio  8. Jake Feraren bilang si Procopio Bonifacio 9. Carlo Aquino bilang si Col. Vicente Enríquez

Banghay ng Pelikula: 

Taong 1898 natapos ang pananakop ng mga Kastila sa bansang Pilipinas at simula naman ng pamamahala ng mga Amerikano. Masalimoot at walang kasiguraduhan kung magkakaisa ang mga Pilipino sa pakikipaglaban nito sa mga Amerikano na unang nakita sa simula ng pelikula na kung saan ay nagtatalo ang panig ni Heneral Luna laban sa panig ng Ministro ng Ugnayang Panlabas na si Felipe Buencamino Sr. Dinagdagan pa ng hindi pagsunod ng mga tropa na galing Cavite sa utos ng Heneral na sumali sa digmaan na naganap sa La Loma. Para sa kanila ay ang dating Pangulong Aguinaldo lamang ang kanilang susundin at wala ng iba. Ngunit ipinakita rin naman sa pelikula na may mga Pilipino pa rin na tapat ang handang ialay ang buhay para sa Inang Bayan gaya ng katapangan at katapatan sa bansa na ipinamalas ng sundalong si Garcia. 

Magkaganoon pa man, sadyang namamayani ang hindi pagkakaisa sa sa bawat Pilipino sa panahong iyon na higit pang pinalala ng magkasalunat na paniniwala ng dalawang pinuno na iginagalang at sinusunod ng hukbong sandatahan ng Pilinas na sina Heneral Luna at Pang. Aguinaldo. Ang isa ay maka-bayan samantalang ang isa ay alangang maka-bayan at alangang maka-dayuhan. Maraming membro ng gabinete at heneral ng hukbong sandatahan ng Pilipinas ang sa Pangulo lamang sumusunod at may nais ding mapasakop sa Amerikano. May naganap ding hidwaan sa pagitan ni Hen. Luna at Heneral Mascardo. Ang hindi pagsunod ng huli sa utos ni Heneral Luna ang naging mitsa ng hindi pagkakaisa ng dalawa. 

Dumalo sa Pista sa Arayat si Heneral Mascardo habang halos maubos ang tropa na nakikipaglaban sa mga Amerikano sa Bagbag. Nagkaharap ang dalawang Heneral sa Guagua ayon na rin sa kagustuhan ni Heneral Mascardo. Sa telegramang ipinadala ng Pangulong Aguinaldo, “nakulong” si Hen. Mascardo dahil sa paglabag sa utos ni Hen. Luna. Uso na rin noon ang palakasan. Ipinakita ito noong isang gabi lamang ang nakalipas ay nakalaya rin sina Mascardo, Buencamino, at Paterno. Nakarating ito kay Hen. Luna at isa sa dahilan kung bakit hiniling niya sa El Presidente na tanggapin ang kanyang pabibitiw bilang heneral sa Hukbong Sandatahan ng Republika ng Pilipinas. Ngunit hindi ito sinang- ayunan ng pangulo. Nagsagawa ng pagpupulong sina Pang. Aguinaldo at Ministro Buencamino kasama Pangulo ng Kongreso ng Malolos na si Pedro Paterno at Hen. Mascardo. Tinanong ni Aguinaldo sa mga ginoo kung ano ang kanilang masasabi tungkol kay Hen. Luna. Pawang mga kasinungalingan at paninira lamang ang ibinahagi ng mga ito.

Isang umaga habang nagpa-plano ng paglusob sa mga Amerikano, nakatanggap ng telegrama si Hen. Luna. Galing daw ito sa Pangulo at nagsasaad na nais nitong magpunta si Heneral Luna sa Cabanatuan upang pamunuan ang bagong itatatag na gabinte. Masayang nagtungo sa Cabanatuan ang Heneral kasama ang ilan sa mga tapat na tropa nito. Subalit hindi niya nadatnan ang Pangulo ni gabinete nito roon. Ang naroon lamang ay sina Felipe Buencamino at Janolito. 

Nasa gitna na ng mainit na sagutan sina Hen. Luna at Buencamino nang biglang may narinig na isang putok ng baril ang Heneral. Agad siyang lumabas upang hanapin kung saan nagmula ang pagputok ng baril. Lumapit sa kanya si Janolito na nanlilisik ang mata sabay taga sa pisngi ng Heneral. Pinalibutan at pataksil na pinagbabaril siya ng tropa ng mga Pilipino na naroroon.

Tema / Paksang Diwa: 

Ipinakita ang naging buhay ni Heneral Luna at pagtataksil sa kanya ng kapwa Pilipino na humantong sa kanyang kamatayan. Umiikot sa kagitingang ipinakita ni Heneral Luna sa panahon ng Digmaang Filipino at Amerikano. Ang mga aksyong kanyang isinagawa upang mapagkaisa ang mga Pilipino laban sa Amerikano. Ang magkaibang paniniwala ng Heneral at Pangulong Aguinaldo.

Pamagat: 

Akmang-akma ng pamagat na patungkol sa naging buhay ng magiting na heneral atg itinuturing na pinakahenyong heneral ng Hukbong Sandatahan ng Republika ng Pilipinas

Genre: Historikal at trahedya Pagganap ng mga 

Tauhan: Matagumpay na naisabuhay ng mga nagsipagganap ang bawat karakter sa pelikula na iisipin mo na kung ganoon ba talaga kung kumilos, magsalita at mag-isip ang mga taong naging bahagi ng ating kasaysayan. Diyalogo: Punong-puno ng aral ang mga salitang binanggit ni Hen. Luna sa pelikulang ito na patungkol sa pagiging tapat sa lupang sinilangan. 

Direksyon / Direktor: Tunay na hahangaan ng mga manonood ang pelikulang ito dahil sa matagumpay na direksyon at matalinong direktor. 

Sinematograpiya: Kumpleto sa elemento at pagkamalikhain ang pagkakagawa sa pelikula. Kitang-kita ang effort at panahong inilaan upang maging makatotohanan at maisabuhay ang nangyari sa kasaysayan.

[gettingsuckedintoablackhole]

Hi and welcome to me rambling about plots that came to my head that I want to turn into a fic somehow but I might end up not doing that so lets put a unnecessarily detailed ramble on tumblr instead

So, a bit of context. I am Filipino and live in the Philippines and when you're Filipino you learn about Philippine history, especially the Philippine Revolutionary and that's what basically fueled this whole endeavor.

Im not a teacher, far from it, but I've always wanted to write something mainly about the Philippine Revolutionary, though I only know surface level things. I'm willing to do research n shit but seeing as I am a stressed scholar too young to even be a scholar yet I'm here (complicated school shit) there's a chance that I'm only taking this out of my ass, and absolutely take creative liberties in this vague plot I've thought about for merely 5 minutes and decided to hop here and completely ignore my schoolwork.

Basically, I'm going to take a lot of liberties, focus less on the "history" aspect of it if I were to write it, focus on character much more, do minimal research and try to remember our lessons about the topic, and keep everything as vague as possible. And yes, it will be Patrochilles.

TL;DR Not-so-Historical Fiction, with very vague setting and similar events to Philippine History (especially the Revolutionary) but it's Patrochilles.

Do I know what I'm doing? No. Absolutely not.

SO LETS START

I don't actually know where to start with the plot but let's lay out the basic/context of the Philippine Revolutionary and what I remember from my lessons about it

TAKE EVERYTHING WITH A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF SALT I AM NOT A TEACHER

just a kid with too much thoughts

1. Not so Accurate Historical Context

So, we have this guy named Jose Rizal, basically the whole agent of the revolution. I won't get too detailed, but he wrote books about how Spain back then was mistreating the Philippines, and that basically lead to the crossfire that was the Philippine Revolutionary, spearheaded mainly by Andres Bonifacio but there were other important guys too. They established some secret club were they would recruit people into getting into the secret club that was preparing on yk the revolutionary. Its hard for me to remember certain details but Jose dies at some point, along with Andres and the Philippines continued fighting for their independence until they were bought by America.

That's basically all you need to know when it comes to historical context. You can research further, possibly watch Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo, if you can understand Filipino or find a copy with english subtitles.

Funnily enough, the plot I was going for would actually focus on Jose Rizal's life more, taking inspiration to his life and death and maybe a bit of inspiration from his book that I am currently reading called Noli Me Tangere.

This will then tie us to

2. Character and Where everyone fits in this

Patroclus would take on the role of Jose Rizal, and Achilles would take on the role of Andres Bonifacio.

LET ME MAKE IT CLEAR. I AM NOT SHIPPING TWO HISTORICAL FIGURES, I AM SIMPLY USING THEIR ROLES IN THE NARRATIVE.

Patroclus and Achilles would be entirely their own people, and their dynamic are initially very much resemble that of TSOA. I'll try to merge as much as I can about Rizal's and Bonifacio's life to create an absolutely new life with these two.

I'm shit as describing things but all I can say is that basically Patroclus is your sweet boi bookworm guy who just wants peace for his country while Achilles is more much more aggressive when it comes to freedom and a very passionate person (character dynamics will be discussed later)

Everyone else, like the other heroes of the iliad, the women, etc. I'll try to fit them in, create roles for them or get roles of other heroes during the Philippine Revolutionary. Mainly I'm just focusing on Patrochilles as one does, but I'd imagine everyone would have their role in the story and serve some purpose and depth here and there (Ill try)

3. The Setting (Oh God)

My biggest dilemma for this story is the setting. I'm absolutely shit at writing in Filipino (ironic, I know) and if I were to create a piece that is set in the Philippines, I would want to make it entirely Filipino (I'm practicing). So let's go for just an imaginary place and an imaginary colonizing place because I am too tired to do research.

I've thought of making Troy a stand in for Spain in the overall narrative and that might happen since it will eventually give me the chance to explore different dynamics (especially a Hector and Patroclus dynamic that I do want to expand upon)

Even more so, I have to take account culture and yk that stuff. I'll probably fix these problems by creating a whole world different and separated from history so there will be original aspects to the story, but the essential main premise of the Philippine Revolutionary is absolutely still there and the plot will be parallel to the events in the Revolutionary.

But yeah, I will essentially create my own world for this, but the events are there.

4. I become too passionate about Dynamics help

Now I'd like to take this time with exploring themes and playing around with the Patrochilles dynamic. I might act like I know what I'm talking about. I don't.

So context, Jose Rizal grew up really rich, and Bonifacio grew up really poor. There's more to it, because social hierarchy in the back then was very wack. But we'll follow this dyanmic for now. I will not proceed to explain every single detail I have of this story for Patroclus' and Achilles' character and hopefully not give too much away that it would be a bit shitty to write n shit.

So, Patroclus. Like Rizal, he probably grew up rich too, and he is close to his Mother. He got a proper education of all things, but after an accident which led to him cursing out someone with higher social status than him, causes his Father to disown him, fearing that what his son did would endanger their family, and their property/social class. Thankfully, with the help of his sisters (Myrtos and Briseis) he doesnt get killed but gets exiled to an island instead and there he meets Achilles.

From this point on, I'd like to highlight Patroclus has very strong opinions on morality and freedom. Even though his family was technically noble at that time, the mistreatment he witnesses when he was very young, immediately gave him the want and willingness to help people, especially his people.

Achilles is also technically born to nobility. Except that he also found himself in the island where he and Patroclus meet, though much more earlier and in his own accord. Achilles would be the type of person who does not want to be bossed around, he despised the colonizers of his country.

All he needed was that single push and he'd start a revolutionary then and there. With Patroclus, he gets that push.

So, it should be noted that the historical figures Rizal and Andres are two very different people. Rizal essentially despised the revolutionary and got blamed for it when he wasn't at all involved. He was a reformist and was actually looking to work with Spain than against them. Andres was the complete opposite and took the absolute offense.

I want to dive in deeper with this opposite point of view with the Patrochilles of this story. They both want the same thing - Freedom for their country - but they take it in very different ways - passive while the other aggressive. I want to give this difference and divide a lot of emotional beat to it, because you will see Patroclus and Achilles bonding over their passions, they have very mutual respect for each other. Patroclus is essentially the driving force of Achilles and is the reason (sob) why Achilles started the revolutionary. Achilles is an inspiration to Patroclus and makes him want to be bolder and to be braver. But there is still that divide.

I wont dive into this too much, cause i think it would be much more spicier if I explored these theme of similar yet different in the fic itself and give all of you the angst yall deserve <3

There will be other dynamics too and because I might mainly focus this on Patroclus' POV, you might see more of his relationships rather than the other characters, but yk I'll see what I can do. Theres the Hector - Patroclus dynamic I mentioned before, the sibling dynamic between Myrtos, Patroclus and Briseis, Deidameia - Patroclus and Deidameia - Achilles dynamic maybe if I can fit her into the story, Thetis and Achilles dynamic and so much more.

5. Now what?

I planned to ramble more about the plot of the story, but I eventually decided that nah, its better if I write about the plot itself than relying a not so ordered collection of thoughts to explain what I mean.

But will I write it? Yes and No.

I really want to, but I need to finish my WIP first. The WIP is going smoothly and it may serve as practice for me on exploring that "line between two people" theme more and hopefully take the things I learned and experienced into this narrative if I ever do decide to write it.

Anyways, I neglected my schoolwork for this and I plan to neglect more school work after this, but anyways. If ya'll have any questions (Hell if you even made it this far, which I applaud you but also how much time do you have to waste bud) then feel free to ask, I'd love to answer them. Also maybe give your thoughts because I may have missed some things here.

[bbianca-allimaj]

Heneral Luna (Reaction Paper)

Heneral Luna

Nila Jerrold Tarog, Henry Hunt Francia, at E.A Rocha

               Ang isa sa mga layunin ng pelikula ay ang ipakita sa mundo o sa mga manonood ang ilan sa mga mahahalagang pangyayari sa kasaysayan ng lahing Pilipino, kung ano ang mga humulma o humubog sa kulturang Pilipino, pag-iisp at kamalayan ng bansa.

               Sa pamagat, malalaman mo na kung ano ang nilalaman ng pelikula at malalaman mo na ang tema ng pelikula. “Heneral Luna”. Ibig sabihin, ang kuwento ay tungkol kay Heneral Antonio Luna at ang tema naman ay tungkol sa mga pinagdaanan ni Heneral Luna sa kasagsagan ng digmaan laban sa pananakop ng Estados Unidos. Kasama din sa tema ang pagiging isang makabayan na mamamayan na handang isugal ang sariling buhay para sa kalayaan at kapayapaan ng Inang Bayan (Pilipinas). Hindi rin matatanggal sa tema ang mapait na pagkamatay ng heneral at ang problema sa pamahalaan ng Pilipinas.

               Ang pangunahing tauhan sa pelikula ay si Heneral Luna na siya namang ginampanan ng actor na si John Arcilla. Bagay na bagay si John Arcilla sa karakter na Heneral Luna dahil sa kaniyang pisikal na anyo at kagalingan sa pag-arte. Ipinamalas naman niya ang kaniyang galing sa pag-aarte sa bawat eksena na kanilang kinuhanan. Hindi siya nabigo na iparamdam at iparating sa mga manonood ang kaniyang mga linya at nararamdaman sa mga eksena tulad ng saya, galit, kaba, inis, pagmamahal sa bayan at sa kapuwa Pilipino at iba pa. Napakahusay ng kaniyang pagkaka-arte bilang si Heneral Luna na kilala sa kaniyang katalinuhan at galing sa pakikipaglaban sa digmaan, bilang isang napakastriktong heneral at bilang isang heneral na mayroong labis na pagmamahal sa sariling bayan. Ang lahat ng nabanggit ay kaniyang naiparating ng maayos at may kagalingan.

               Napakaganda rin ng pagkakagawa ng pelikula. Mula sa mga anggulo sa bawat eksena na mas nagbibigay buhay sa buong pelikula, ang mga tila makatotohanang tunog ng mga baril, kanyon at espada na akala mo’y totoong mga sandata ang kanilang ginagamit, ang mga eksenang mahuhusay ang pagkakagawa dahil sa kagalingan ng mga aktor at aktres at ng iba pang mga tauhan na may hawak sa pagpapaganda ng eksena, at sa editing na kung saan ay ako’y lubhang namangha dahil mukha talagang totoo ang mga sugat na natamo ng bawat karakter at ang iba pang mga camera effects na mas lalo pang nagpaganda sa buong pelikula.

               Sa kabuoan ng pelikula, napakaganda ng pagkakagawa nito. Isa ito sa mga pinakamagandang makasaysayang pelikula na aking napanood. Binigyan nito ng kahalagahan ang mga buhay ng mga bayaning nagsugal ng kani-kanilang mga buhay para sa kalayaan ng bansa, kilala man o hindi. Naipakita rin ng pelikula sa mga manonood ang pagiging makabayan at kung bakit natin dapat na pahalagahan ang buong kasaysayan ng bansa at pati na rin ang paglaban ni Heneral Luna para sa katarungan at kapayapaan hanggang sa kaniyang huling hininga.

 Naipamulat sa akin ng pelikulang Heneral Luna na hindi natin mararating ang natatamasa nating kapayapaan at kalayaan kung walang nangyaring digmaan. Siguro ay nasa ilalim parin tayo ng mga mananakop at tayo’y mga alipin kung walang mga taong tulad ni Heneral Luna na walang takot na ipinaglaban ang Pilipinas. Napagtanto ko rin na marami man ang pagsubok na dumaan o sumagasa sa iyo, kung ang ipinaglalaban mo ay tama, huwag kang matakot at titigil basta’t tama rin ang paraan mo ng paglalaban at wala kang natatapakan na karapatan ng ibang tao. Isang pang aral na aking napulot ay kahit kapuwa mong kalahi o kaibigan ay pwede kang saktan. Sarili mo lamang ang kasama mo sa huli. Ngunit mayroon ding mga tao na malinis ang intensyon at kalooban na handang tumulong sa iyo hanggang sa kamatayan.  

Links: 

https://www.scribd.com/doc/63721147/Pagsulat-Ng-Reaksyong-Papel-Bilang

https://www.facebook.com/Heneral.Luna/posts/layunin-ng-pagpapalabas-ng-heneral-luna-at-bonifacio-ang-unang-pangulo-na-ipakit/1738020979745964/

[contemp0raryindio]

Sleeplessly yours,

Literary Criticism #3

LITERARY CRITICISM USING MARXIST AND HISTORICAL APPROACH

“BONIFACIO: Ang Unang Pangulo”

The most brave Filipino fighter, the leader called supremo of the KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan) who fought a gun with his deadly tabak. He is Andres Bonifacio. This movie are not just a reminder of our history, but a reminder of the essence of fighting for our right, the footnotes to our youths. The story tells us how Andres Bonifacio and his revolutionary group KKK fight for our freedom from more than 300 years suffering in Spanish colonization. In this kind of movie the perfect approach that we may use is Marxist approach with a little help of his best friend, the historical approach.

The first conflict is the Spanish colonization to the Philippine that will fall under both socio-economic and political conflict is the system we called "Feudalism" where all the exploitation happened. The purpose of their expedition is to colonized islands and to find their own new routes for their 3G’s agenda (God, Glory and Gold) which eventually become the cause of pain and death of our poor ancestors. They introduced their wrong beliefs, abusive rules and exploitive laws and life lessons in every Filipinos. In the means of catholicism form of propaganda they easily exploited our land resources from our mineral treasures and raw materials like tabaco and sugary up to slavery of our native people who toils our land, this tools of propaganda are commonly referred as "krus at espada" (Cross and sword) according to the Philippine historians . They control the minds of our ancestors and make them slaves (politicaly or labor) and teased them poor and savage Indio’s (the native indio and elite class indio). They introduce the feudal system where they can easily monopolized the production of agriculture with a low wage or worst they can even force the Filipino to do certain heavy jobs like constructing and building big churches without any payment and they call it as "Polo Y’ serbisyo" (mandatory public service) and exploit the land until the complete land grabbing through their "Usura" (usury laws) . The patronage continues due to intimidation and terror activities of civil guards (gwardiya sibil) commanded by Gobernador heneral (Governor General) and his Prayle (priest) or church leaders. This powerful Spaniards controls the feudal and exploiting government system of the Philippines that gives them a total power to abuse and exploit our natural treasures and production capacity in more than 300 years.

Their socio-economic status are worse than we imagine and experienced today where the Prayle has the power to enact a force labor to our poor fellow Filipinos or choose between death or unjust tax that makes them a life time slaves. Their Cedula or tax slips that serves as their ID card is also their ticket to enter the God heaven’s gate according to Prayle. This unjust taxation is like a big cross on their shoulder that they carries every painful slavery days, and these are the factors from the so called Filipino indolence and false consciousness. The domination of hegemony are rampant and obviously abusive. This is when the Spaniards are dominantly abused the Filipinos politically and economically which leads them choice less life but to conform to a slavery type of life. Not until our young intellectuals whose fortunately has a chance to study abroad, they who called themselves Illustrados that inspired from the death of the three martyrs in February 17, 1872, the Filipino secularized priest and collectively called GomBurZa (Padre Gomez, Burgos and Zamora). The La Liga Filipina of Philippine’s National hero named Jose Rizal is the most powerful and influential group for the Filipino revolution against Spaniards but some of its member are bourgeois and came from rich families that make them distorted ideology. Bonifacio is also Mason and a member of La Liga Filipina before the abolition of the group that leads him to create KKK a total revolutionary group that believes in arm struggles unlike the reformists group like La Liga Filipina where the majority of these people are elite or bourgeois class. The general observations to this movie are the two roots of conflicts caused by Spaniard’s colonization. The material and spiritual causal effects for our ancestors up to our contemporary days. These conflicts are still observable in our modern society (weak state, strong but exploitable nation). The Filipino with American dreams, the so called Filipinos that adopted their masters mentality. Our “colonial mentality”, is a mix of europium and Americanized mentality that tend to live like a foreign in their own country with all tendencies to please foreign interest than to liberate and free his own countrymen to our own economic and political problems. Like Simoun Ibara said in El Filibusterismo he predicted that in the future we will adopt even the foreign mental and lifestyle defects of our masters, and the only answer based on modern Marxist is education like what Rizal said “We must equipped our self Intellectually and morally and not by guns or any sharp objects" which even Bonifacio admittedly agreed to when he observed that some Filipino revolutionary leaders are just serving their selfish interests and acting without collective support and coordination.

#BonifacioAngUnangPangulo #MovieReview #Literature #literaryCriticism #KKK #Kalayaan #Marxism #MarxistApproach #Bonifacio #Supremo #Philippine #PhilippineRevolution #PHREV

[pluma-at-tinta]

Ngayon ko lang natutunan ang unang pangulo ng Pilipinas pala ay tunay na walang silbi para sa inang bayan.

Biruin mo, kinitil niya ang mga bayaning may matagumpay na hangarin, Bonifacio at Luna. Walang habas na namatay at walang kalaban laban. Ganito pala karahas ang dugo ng mga Aguinaldo.

[ddalethewhalee]

Isang Pilipino

Daniel Ventura

Ako'y isang Pilipino, may lakas ng loob, may pag-mamahal sa kapwa, may respeto sa nakakatanda, may kutis na kayumanggi, at may bayang pinag-lalaban. Para sa akin, iyan ang mga katangian ng isang Pilipino. Ang bawa't isa sa atin ay may matinding alab ng puso na hindi nagpapa-api at nagpapatalo. Magiting ang lahi natin at malakas ito, kaya tayo ay dapat na tinitingala at nirerespeto. Higit sa lahat nang iyan ay napaka-importante din ng pag-mamahal sa ating pamilya, nakakatanda at bansa. Ito ang identidad nating mga Pilipino, tayo'y kataas-taasan at kagalang-galangan ngunit bakit minamaliit tayo at pinagtatawanan ng ibang bansa? Isa lamang ang dahilan niyan, dahil tayong mga mamamayan ang mismong nakakalimot na sa ating pinagmulan. Sa panahon ngayon, ang ugaling 'pag-mamahal sa bayan' ay nabubura na kaya ang ating pag-kakakilanlan ay nabubura na din.

Lahat ng pagbabagong ito ay nagmula sa mga pangulong sumunod kay dating-pangulo Cory Aquino na hindi na gaano pinahalagahan ang Executive Order no. 335. Dito ipinapagbuti ang pag-gamit ng filipino sa mga transaksyon, pagtuturo atbp. Noon ang panahong pinapahalagahan pa ang wika ng bayan. Subalit pagkatapos nga ng administrasyon ni Aquino ay nagsimulang pagkalimot sa importansya ng filipino. Dahil dito, naging ingles ang unang wika na ginagamit sa mga negosyo, transaksyon, pag-aaral atbp. Ang wikang ingles ay ang umangat sa isip ng taong-bayan. Naimpluwensyahan ang kabataan sa pag-iisip na kapag ingles ang ginagamit na wika ay mayaman o mataas ang posisyon mo sa buhay. Ito ang kanser na nagmula at lumaki sa ating bansa.

Pagkatapos mawala ang wika sa puso ng mga Pilipino, sumunod naman dito ay ang kasaysayan nito. Ang pinaka-importante sa lahat, ang ating historiya, ang ating pinagmulan, ang ating mga bayani, ang ating pagkakakilanlan, at ang ating lahi. Ito ang pinaka-masakit sa lahat dahil makikita mo na ang sadyang pagbura ng pagmamahal sa puso ng bawa't isa. Ang pinatupad na curriculum ng CHED ay ang nagpasimuno nito. Ang pagtanggal ng Filipino sa mga "required subjects" sa colegio dahil sapat nang hanggang senior high school nalang daw ang pagturo nito. Kahit kailan hindi magiging "sapat" ang pagtuturo sa mga kabataan ng sariling subject kung ang mismong nakakatanda nga ay hindi nakakakita ng halaga nito. Hindi tama na ipasangtabi na lamang ang ating kasaysayan para maituro ang agham, math at ingles. Paano ninyong nasabing tama na ang ibang bagay ang unahin sa sariling bansa? Hindi pa natin nakakamit ang pagmamahal sa sariling bayan kung ang mismong nasa puwesto at may kapangyarihan ay mangmang tungkol dito. Sabi nga ng isang guro sa aking pinanood na documentary "Ang hina-hina na nga ng pagmamahal ng kabataan sa kanilang bansa, tatanggalin mo pa yoong ilan sa kaka-unting instrumento na tutulong sanang pukawin ang pagmamahal nila sa kanilang bansa." Hindi pa makakamit ng bansa natin ang hinahangad na kalayaan, kasi hanggang ngayun alipin pa din tayo ng kanser na pag-iisip na mas nakakataas ang ibang bansa sa atin. Hanggang ngayon mas nakatingala tayo sa iba, kumakapit at nagpapa-aso sa iba na dapat tayo ang tinitingala sa ating matibay na pusong Pilipino, sa kultura at sining ng mga tao, at sa wika nating maharlika. Dapat yaan ang mga pinapayaman natin sa ating bansa, hindi lamang puro college degree ang inaabot, kasi ang pag-aaral ay walang silbi kung wala kang alam sa kasaysayan mo. Pagyamanin natin ang ating mga sarili sa pamamaraan ng pagyaman ng pagmamahal sa sariling bayan.

Ako'y isang Pilipino, ibalik natin ang alab ng puso ng bawa't isa upang makuha natin ang respeto na matagal nang hinahangad at ang kalayaan na matagal nang pinag-lalaban. Hindi namatay si Bonifacio para dito, hindi namatay si Luna para dito, hindi namatay ang mga Moro para dito, at lalong hindi namatay si Rizal para dito. Ang Pilipino ay may lakas ng loob, may pag-mamahal sa kapwa, may respeto sa nakakatanda, may kutis na kayumanggi, at may bayang pinag-lalaban, huwag nating kalimutan kung sino tayo.

[khevingonzales]

Maligayang Kaarawan! Gat. Andres Bonifacio! Pinapatay dahil sa mga ganid na nakikiisa KUNO sa Kasarinlan ng Bansa. Sya ang Karapat Dapat na maging Unang Pangulo ng Bansa! #BonifacioDay #philippines🇵🇭 https://www.instagram.com/p/B5e4yOPhpGFiAQmWRGBcaHV-SCqNWFwBhuTJiY0/?igshid=ob7fr9i3eo3v

[thistime-iwillbelistening]

Despair of Philippine Cinema

          The film industry is considered as an effective tool of propagating a nation’s culture, language, philosophy and beliefs. Inversely, the dominant ideologies that describes a nation can be determined on what type of film the public gives most consideration to. This paper serves as a critique of the current condition of the Philippine cinema as it highlights a few films that not only aims to entertain but intends to interrogate the audience as well.

          As of June 2016, the ten highest grossing films in the Philippines are (in ascending order): The Unkabogable: Praybeyt Benjamin (2011), My Bebe Love: #KiligPaMore (2015), Sisterakas (2012), My Little Bossings (2013), It Takes a Man and a Woman (2013), Starting Over Again (2014), Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy (2013), The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin (2014), Beauty and the Bestie (2015), and A Second Chance (2015). All of which are classified as comedy with three as rom-coms and the rest as parody-spoof like. Although this exhibits the cheerful personality which the Filipinos are known for, this also shows how film are viewed largely for entertainment but the viewers are not the only one to be blamed for. Film production companies such as Star Cinema and GMA Films nowadays prioritizes profit over content producing highly-commercialized films with clichéd plotlines. Aside from the age-old star system that uses celebrity power to attract more viewers, mainstream films also practice product placement of their sponsors throughout the movie. One such example is the Marlon Rivera’s My Little Bossings (2013) that was flooded with advertisement and ended up appearing like a 100-minute commercial. These films didn’t seem to care about their content as long as they achieve blockbuster success especially during the Metro Manila Film Festival (MMFF) season. Thousands, even millions of Filipinos line up during the holidays to watch these brainless entertainment that will disturbingly last weeks in cinemas. With a few attempts of movies such as Enzo Williams’ Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo (2014), Erik Matti’s Honor Thy Father (2015), and Brillante Mendoza’s Thy Womb (2012), substantial films still failed to infiltrate the the audience’s attention.

Historical Films in the Academe and Public Viewing

          First, the uncertain position of historical films in the industry makes them remote from the blockbuster scene. For the public, the notion of historical films being academic makes it harder to appeal to a larger audience. The idea of these films being just a narrative of historical events that are already written in books instigates such. But what the public failed to grasp is that these films weren’t necessarily directed from historical text but are mainly stories based upon historical events and famous people. These works not only intend to narrate but also create a discourse that interrogates the conventional realities that the majority believes in. One such example is Eddie Romero’s Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? which won Best Picture in MMFF 1976. This film being set on the downfall of Japanese occupation in the Philippines centers on the journey of Kulas on his search for his personal and the nation’s identity. This portrayed historical events from the occupation but is a clear fiction that attempts to rationalize the nature of the Filipino identity. Ganito Kami Noon’s comedic tone made it more appealing to the public. Chito Roño’s 2002 drama Dekada ’70 gives off the same appeal as it focuses on the struggle of a family during the Marcos regime. It depicts the historical events of Martial Law but focuses on the torment of the family. It doesn’t necessarily narrate the events during the time but exhibits the occurrences that is not written in history books.

          On the other hand, when information in the film directly contradicted the historical text, people often falsely recalled the misinformation portrayed in the film or condemns the film for its inaccuracy (Everding 2009). Popular film’s potentially inaccurate nature often hinders its way to the academe. Although Jerrold Tarog’s Heneral Luna (2015) made its way to the mainstream, its take revolving Emilio Aguinaldo’s involvement on the death of both Andres Bonifacio and Antonio Luna is still questioned on its historical basis. Despite such, using a historical film in teaching history can be used to pave the way towards new and transformative discourses that push the boundaries of both history and film as sites of contradiction (Flores 1998 cited in Campomanes 2015). This gives room for discourse on interpreting historical narrative rather than crediting it without inquiry and could be a way of interrogating the audience about the current condition of the nation in comparison to historical events.

Film Industry’s Depiction of Beauty

          As a tool of propagating ideologies, the film industry’s depiction of beauty disfavors its own nation’s features for women in particular. Film became an institution that creates a standard of Western and European White beauty by informally privileging lighter skinned women (Renault n.d.). In 1924, Vicente Salumbides employed Hollywood film-making techniques and images on the Filipino production Miracles of Love. In the film, the American beauty was launched in Philippine cinema in the person of Elizabeth “Dimples” Cooper (Pilar 1978 as cited in McFerson 2002). Up until today, the most popular actresses such as Anne Curtis (2008 Baler), Toni Gonzaga (2014 Starting Over Again), Jennylyn Mercado (2014 English Only, Please), Bea Alonzo (2015 A Second Chance), and even the most respected actresses such as Vilma Santos (1984 Sister Stella L.), Sharon Cuneta (1996 Madrasta), Maricel Soriano (2007 Inang Yaya) are lighter skinned than most Filipinas. Curtis, Alonzo and even other actresses such as Marian Rivera (2007 Bahay Kubo), Rhian Ramos (2011 The Road), Kim Chiu (2012 The Healing) are celebrities with foreign blood. This implies that Japanese, Korean, and Chinese women who are lighter skinned than Filipinas are considered the ideal Asian beauty, while also continuing to adhere to Western standards of White beauty (Glenn 2008 cited in Renault n.d.). All of this while the natural brown complexion remained in supporting and minor roles. Natural Filipina skin doesn’t have enough and better representation not only in films but in media and fashion industry as well, that it has its own connotation of “dark beauty”. As a result, stereotypes and negative images of women with darker skin are contributing to the desire for them to resort to facial procedures to reconfigure their race, such as skin-lightening and cosmetic surgery. But this is not always the case in the Philippines.

          During the height of Nora Aunor’s career on the 70’s and 80’s, she defied racial and class ideals of Hollywood-patterned film industry (Tadiar 2004). As a poor, small, dark-skinned and uneducated actress, she dominated the cinemas with his role in films such as Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos (1976), Ina Ka ng Anak Mo (1979), Himala (1982), Bulaklak sa City Jail (1984), Andrea, Paano Ba ang Maging Isang Ina? (1990), The Flor Contemplacion Story (1995) and 179 more films as of the present. Numerous Filipinas idolized and even devoted Aunor as they identify themselves with her than any other actresses that established her a huge fanbase. Nora not only made Filipinas became confident about their skin but also empowered them into realizing their own capacity and that they can be something beyond familial responsibilities and domestic labor.

LGBTQI+ Representation in Films

         Not only the women has a troublesome representation in films but also the LGBTQI+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex) community. As the Philippines’ dominant heteronormative standpoints, the LGBTQI+ community is not given authentic representation as it reinforces stereotypes. The most common portrayal of queer people is the stereotype of parloristang bakla (beauty parlor gay) for the effeminate. Usually given as supporting or minor roles, typically the protagonist’s sidekick or best friend, these are gays who are loud and funny that sometimes cross dresses and are always portrayed to have sexual desires for straight men. These roles are usually placed in films to add to its comedic features and more often than not, became unidimensional as it only highlights the role’s queerness. Even films with gay lead roles reinforces such stereotypes such as Markova: Comfort Gay (2000), Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2015), Zombadings 1: Patayin sa Shokot si Remington (2011), all of Vice Ganda’s movies such as the Praybeyt Benjamin duology and even Lino Brocka’s Ang Tatay Kong Nanay (1978). Masculine gays, on the other hand, are always depicted as “still in the closet” gays. Suddenly shrieking, wearing pink tops, and lifting of pinky finger as he drinks are just few of the gay signals that implies that all gays eventually will dress and act like women (Tagudina 2012). It is just recently where masculine gays are represented accurately such in the films Olivia Lamasan’s In My Life (2009) and Jason Paul Laxamana’s The Third Party (2016). Both films did not sensationalized the sexuality of the men but rather sheds light on their relationship with one another and with the people around them.

         Films together with television and other visual mediums that uses the queer or has homosexual characters in its cast could create false assumptions in terms of activity and personality of the LGBT community (Tagudina 2012). The lack of films with accurate queer representation implies that the Philippines still has a long journey into accepting the community and not just tolerating them. This is substantiated by the absence of lesbian, bisexual and transgender portrayal in mainstream films as the public only tolerates gay-themed movies as long as they are portrayed with comedic value for the audience’s entertainment. Despite a few attempts of some filmmakers, heteronormative and homophobic views in films will continue to flourish as long as the majority reinforces stereotypes and as long as the audience doesn’t support films that defies such norms and interrogates the current dominant stand towards the LGBTQI+ community.

Clichéd Plot lines and Hollywood Rip-offs

         Such setbacks mentioned above are intensified as filmmakers only recreates recurring plot lines making films that are considered as sellable to the public. Hundreds of drama and romantic-comedy films about a boy/girl torn between two lovers proves such as they share common stories with Carlos Vander Tolosa’s Giliw Ko (1939). Films will change the location, timeframe, the character’s social status, and many others but the plot will still end with two lovers being happily together as the other sacrificed and leave. One such variety of this plot are star-crossed lovers, most commonly with different social status, will defy all odds and still ends up together. Filipino films became unoriginal and formulaic that most of the movies will click to the scheme characters’ introduction – handful of ecstatic events – climactic challenge – against all odds resolution – happy ever after. Some films not only reimagines storylines but even replicate Hollywood films’ plots. Some examples are Wanted Perfect Father (1994) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Unofficially Yours (2012) and Friends With Benefits (2011), That Thing Called Tadhana (2015) and Before Sunrise (1995), The Break-Up Playlist (2015) and Begin Again (2013).

         Philippine cinema are capable of producing substantial and original films such as Orapronobis (1989), Magnifico (2003), Muro Ami (1999), Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita (2004) and Bata, Bata… Pa'no Ka Ginawa? (1998) but most of the mainstream films are still those with clichéd storylines. The potential of the cinema as circulating national discourse and interrogating socioeconomic condition of the country is overlooked because of the commodification of the industry. Filmmakers failed to produce more insightful, progressive, relevant and fresh stories as the public pays attention to films with more entertainment value (Matti 2016). Mainstream films especially the comedy movies only reaffirms the current ideologies in the country and doesn’t even attempt to challenge the audience’s minds. If only filmmakers realize the power of the cinema to create national discourse and actually instigate social change, the quality and substance of films today will heighten. At the same time, if only the audience views films not only for entertainment but also for education and enlightenment, more valuable and significant films will be produced. In this two-way improvement, a better and notable Philippine film industry could be achieved.

 References

2014. 5 Reasons Why Philippine Mainstream Cinema  is Going Downhill. May.

Campomanes, Alvin. 2015. A Study Guide for  Heneral Luna.  http://henerallunathemovie.com/files/Heneral-Luna-Study-Guide.pdf.

Everding, Gerry. 2009. "Historical movies help  students learn, but seperating fact from fiction can be challenging." Phys  Org.

Flores, Patrick. 1998. "Ang Pinilakang  Himagsikan. ." In Wika, Panitikan, Sining, Himagsikan., by  Raymund Arthur Atoy Navarro, 183-187. Quezon City.

Masigan, Leonardo Garcia Jr. and Carmelita. 2001.  "An In-depth Study on the Film Industry In the."

Matti, Erik. 2016. The Future of Philippine  Cinema is not Bright. January.  http://www.philstar.com/supreme/2016/01/09/1540571/future-philippine-cinema-not-bright.

McFerson, Hazel. 2002. Mixed Blessing: The Impact  of the American Colonial Experience on Politics and Society in the  Philippines. London: Greenwood Press.

Payuyo, Louise Abigail. 2012. "The Portrayal of  Gays in Popular Filipino Films, 2000 to 2010." In Philippine  Sociological Review, 291-322.

Renault, Kristin Baybayan. n.d. Filipino Women  and the Idealization of White Beauty in Films, Magazines and Online.  University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Tadiar, Neferti. 2004. "The Noranian  Imaginary." In Fantasy Production: Sexual Economies and Other  Philippine Consequences for the New World Order, 230-264. Hong Kong  University Press.

Tagudina, Iman. 2012. ""The Coast is  Queer": Media Representation of the LGBT Community and Stereotype's  Homophobic Reinforcement." Ateneo de Manila University.

2016. Top 10 Highest-Grossing Filipino Movies Of  All Time. June.  http://www.juan-republic.com/top-10-highest-grossing-filipino-movies-time/.

[teamespoko-blog]

“ANG KARAPATAN NI FERDINAND MARCOS” by Teofilo Jose Venci and Darwin Baura

                         Kapisanan Ng Mga Broadkaster Ng Pilipinas       

Nahahati parin ang opinyon ng sambayanang Pilipino  sa kontrobersyal na paglilibing kay dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani (LNMB) noong nakaraang ika-18 ng Setyembre 2017. Ito ay alinsunod sa desisyon ng Korte Suprema na i-alis ang mga legal na balakid na nakaharang sa paglilibing kay dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos sa LNMB at ibasura ang mga petisyong ng mga humahadlang na grupo at kritiko sa naturang hakbang. Sa loob ng maraming taon, si dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos ay pinagkaitan ng karapatan na mailibing sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani, ang daing at reklamo ng sambayanang Pilipino ay hindi  ito makatao, hindi siya karapat-dapat na ilibing doon, at hindi siya maituturing na isang bayani. Ngunit ano nga ba ang ibig sabihin ng isang bayani? Ano nga ba ang basehan sa paglilibing ng isang indibiduwal sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani? Pasok ba si Marcos sa mga basehan na iyon? At karapat-dapat nga ba siyang mailibing sa libingang iyon?

Ayon sa diksyunaryo, ang bayani ay isang tao na hinahangaan  dahil sa kayang katapangan, mga bukod-tanging tagumpay, mga marangal na katangian, o bayani ng digmaan. Walang nakapaloob na konteksto sa kahulugan ng diksyunaryo na hindi ka maituturong isang bayani kung may nagawa kang mali o malaking kasalanan. Kung pagbabasehan natin ang kahulugang ito, mahinuha natin at pwede nating sabihin na si dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos ay isang bayani, sapagkat taglay ni Marcos ang tatlo sa mga nasabing kahulugan ng Bayani sa diksunaryo. Una ay ang mga bukod tanging-tagumpay na nagawa ni Marcos, kabilang na dito ang mga mabuting nagawa niya sa una at ikalawang taon ng kayang termino, gaya nang pagpapatupad ng mga programa sa malawakang pagpapagawa ng mga imprastraktura (kalsada, tulay, patubig, paaralan, LRT, at iba pa) ayon kay Reyes. Pangalawa ay ang katapangan niya sa kanyang paglilingkod at pamamahala sa ating bansa sa panahon ng kanyang termino. At pangatlo, ang katotohanan na isa siyang bayani ng digmaan.  Ayon sa artikulo ni Bueza, bineripika ni Congressman at Retired Army officer na si Bonifacio Gilledo ang  tatlumpu't dalawang medalya ni Marcos at napatunayang dalawa sa mga medalya ito ay galing sa kanyang serbisyo sa ikalawang pangaidig na digmaan, ito ay ang Philippine Gold Cross Medal at ang US Distinguished Service Cross Medal .

 Ano nga ba ang mga basehan na maaaring ilibing ang isang indibiduwal sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani? Ayon sa Armed Forces of the Philippines , ang mga sumusunod na tao ay kwalipikado na maihimlay sa sementeryo: “Medal of Valor awardees, Presidents or commander-in-chief of AFP, Secretaries of national defense, AFP chiefs of staffs, Generals/flag officers of the AFP, Active and retired military personnel of the AFP, Veterans of Philippine Revolution of 1890, World War I, World War II, and recognized guerrillas, Government dignitaries, statesmen, national artist and other deceased persons whose interment and re-interment has been approved by the commander-in-chief, Congress or the secretary of national defense, and former presidents, secretaries of defense, dignitaries, statesmen, national artists, widows of former presidents, secretaries of national defense and chief of staffs”. Base sa mga impormasyong inilahad ng AFP, may tatlong kwalipikasyon na taglay si Marcos na nagbibigay sa kanya ng karapatang maihimlay sa libingan ng mga bayani. Una ay ang basehan na siya ay naging Chief of Staff ng Armed Forces of the Philippines. Pangalawa ay ang “Veterans of the Philippine Revolution”: Patunay nito ang  dalawang medalya na natanggap ni Marcos sa kanyang serbisyo sa ikalawang pangdaidig na digmaan na napatunayan at bineripika ni Congressman Gilledo. Pangatlo ay ang “Former President” na kwalipikasyon: si Ferdinand Marcos ay naging pangulo ng ating bansa na tumagal ng dalawampu’t isang taon. Ang mga patunay na ito ay nakadagdag sa kadahilanan at basehan na si dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos ay may karapatan na mailibing sa libingan ng mga bayani.

 Ngunit ang malaking tanong sambayanan Pilipino, karapat-dapat  nga ba talagang mailibing sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani si Ferdinand Marcos? Ang kadalasang diin ng mga Pilipinong hindi sang-ayon sa pagpapalibing kay Marcos sa Libingan ng mga Bayani ay ang palagay nila na hindi ito makatao at kapag inilibing siya ay nangangahulugang binabalewala lang ng Gobyerno ang mga nagyari noong Martial Law. Ang paglagay na ito ay nakabase sa Moral na Pamamantayan natin sa kung ano ang tama at mali. Ngunit ang dapat basehan ng pagdidisesyon ng paksang ito ay ang Legal na Pamantayan sa kung ano ang tama at mali, at hindi ang Moral. Noong nakaraang isang taon, nadisisyon ang Korte Suprema na ibasura ang mga petisyong nakaharang sa paglilibing kay Marcos at ibinigay na nila ang karapatan ni Marcos na mailibing sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani base sa limang dahilan na inilista ng mga miyembro ng Korte Suprema na sumang-ayon sa paglilibing kay Marcos. Ang unang dahilan ay hindi nakagawa si Pangulong Duterte ng malubhang pang-aabuso ng kapangyarihan ukol sa kanyang pag-uutos na ilibing si Mrcos sa LNMB, at walang batas na nagsasabing hindi pwedeng malibing ang dating pangulo sa libingan na iyon. Pangalawang dahilan ay may kapangyarihan ang president na ireseba sa pampublikong kadahilanan ang kahit anong  lupain ng pamahalaan, Pangatlong dahilan ay si Marcos ay maaaring maihimlay sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani base sa mga Regulasyon ng Armed Forces of the Philippines. Pang-apat, hindi sumang-ayon ang Korte Suprema na si Marcos ay “dishonorably discharged” sapagkat ang pagkawalan ng karapatang ito ay tuutukoy lang sa military base sa Artikulo ng mga Giyera, at ang panglimang dahilan, sinabi ng Krte Suprema na hindi nahatulan si Marcos ng krimeng may kinalaman sa mga kilos ng kaguluhan noong Martial Law. Ang ikalimang dahilan ay pinatibay pa ni Fr. Ranhilio Aquino na sinabing “I refuse to blame him for every single act of abuse of his subordinates, considering that if that were our mode of reckoning, all our past presidents would be condemnable on account of one or the other wicked deed of some underling.” Ang limang dahilan ng Korte Suprema sa paglilibing kay dating Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos ay nakabase lahat sa Legal na pamantayan at hindi sa moral, sapagkat ganito dapat ang prosesong nangyayari ng paghuhukom sa Sistema ng Hudikatura ng ating bansa.

 Pinapatunayan ng mga konkretong impormasyon na ito na si Marcos ay  may karapatan na mailibing sa Libingan Ng Mga Bayani at hindi kailan man dapat matakpan ng moral na pamantayan ang legal na pamantayan sa pagpapasya sa Sistema ng Hudikatura ng ating bansa. Huwag sana nating husgahan at ipagkait ang karapatan ng isang tao base sa kanyang mga kamaliang nagawa. Sa halip, dapat ibigay natin ang karapat-dapat at ang tamang paghukom sa sa kanya base sa ating batas.

 Bibliography at mga Pinagkunan:

Aquino, Ranhilio. “Marcos should be buried at the libingan.” Manilastandard.net, manilastandar

d.net/opinion/columns/pens-es-by-fr-ranhilio-aquino/213050/marcos-should-be-burie  d -at-the-libingan.html. Accessed 18 Sept. 2017.

Bueza, Michae. ”Marcos' World War II 'medals' explained.” Rappler, https://www.rappler.com/

newsbreak/iq/143592-ferdinand-marcos-world-war-ii-medals-explained. Accessed 17 Sept.2017.

PWEDE NG ILIBING SI MARCOS SA LIBINGAN NG BAYANI <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=bFrMiGEA40U>

Rappler. “Who can be buried at Heroes' Cemetery? AFP explains rules.” Rappler, https://www

.rappler.com/nation/134509-heroes-cemetery-guidelines-afp. Accessed 18 Sept. 2017.

Reyes, Val. “Ang pamamahala ni ferdinand marco.” Slideshare, https://www.slideshare.net

/vallenjoyreyes/ang-pamamahala-ni-ferdinand-marcos. Accessed 17 Sept. 2017.

[noelpalomo]

Kosing gawlu muna sa tapat ng monumento ng ating unang pangulo Andres Bonifacio matapos ang rakenrolan sa Jmyx Restobar na dagsa ang tao bago bumiyahe ng paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino patungo ng Gensan ang eroplano para sa isa na namang rakrakang umaatikabo sa T'boli, South Cotabato. Haymabu! ✊🏼 #Siakol #TBoli #SouthCotabato #Mindanao #GensanAirport #Haymabu (at Monumento, Caloocan City)

[jovenmakiling-blog]

Guro: Makabagong Bayani ng Kinabukasan

“Mam!” “Ser!”, ito ang kadalasan na naririnig nating mga salita sa apat na sulok ng silid-aralan na binabanggit ng mga estudyante,upang pukawin ang atensyon ng kanilang mga guro.Sa ganitong pamamaraan nababatid ng isang guro kung ang kaniyang mag-aaral ay may kailangan o minsan pa nga ay kahit hindi magsalita ang isang bata ay nalalaman niya agad kung may kailangan o suliranin ito.Ang mga guro ang itinuturing na pangalawang mga magulang ng mga bata na pumapasok sa paaralan at siyang nagbibigay kalinga at patnubay sa mga isipang uhaw sa kaalaman.

Sa loob ng klasrum humaharap ang guro sa iba’t ibang klase ng mag-aaral na kung saan ang mga ito ay may iba’t ibang pag-uugali,paniniwala at kaalaman ngunit para sa isang guro isa itong hamon na maihahalintulad sa pagluluto ng isang pagkain na kung saan masusing pagsasamasamahin ang mga sangkap at pagkatapos ay lulutuin.Sa ganitong paraan lalabas ang isang putahe na may kaayaayang amoy at ano sangkap nito?? mga kaisipang hinaluan ng pangangaral.Mahirap magturo sa mga estudyante na hindi mawari ang nais sa buhay pero bilang guro tungkulin niya na magturo at turuan ang mga mag-aaral na ito upang unti-unti nilang malaman at maramdaman ang kariktan ng buhay.

Para sa’yo, ano ang depinisyon ng buhay?

Ang buhay ay totoong makulay. Iba’t ibang karanasan ang magtuturo sa atin upang higit na maging mabuting tao. Magiging matingkad at masaya ang kulay nito kapag pinananatili natin sa ating mga sarili ang pagiging positibo sa lahat ng bagay at pagdarasal lagi sa Panginoon upang tayo ay gabayan sa kung anong klaseng buhay ang gusto nating maranasan.”

 Sisikat ang araw,malalanta ang mga dahon,hahangin ng malakas,matutuyot ang tubig sa batis, muling magdidilim, ngunit kailanman hindi matatapos ang obligasyon ng isang guro sa libulibong estudyante na kaniyang tinuruan, tinuturuan at tuturuan. Nakakapagod ang magturo ngunit sa sandaling maramdaman ng isang guro ang dedikasyon sa ginagawa niya mapapawi ito.Paulit-ulit siyang gigising at sa kaniyang bawat paggising patuloy niyang mararamdaman na kaya siya bumabangon sa umaga ay para akayin muli ang mga isipang naghihintay sa kaniya sa paaralan at umaasang muling matatamnan ng wastong aral.

Why teaching is a passion?

“Dahil hindi lang utak ang iyong puhunan dito. Puhunan ng guro ang sariling bulsa para sa gastusin na kailangan sa pagtuturo, boses na halos mamaos maipaunawa lang sa mga estudyante ang aralin, mahabang pasensiya para sa mahigit 50 mag-aaral at higit sa lahat ang malasakit ng guro ay hindi lang natatapos sa apat na sulok ng silid-aralan kundi hanggang sa bahay. Buhay ng estudyante na anak na rin kung aming ituring ang aming pinapanday. Pagkatao at kanilang kinabukasan ang aming obra maestra.  “

Isa siya sa mga guro ko noon sa Filipino, mahusay sa wika at panitikan. Ipinapakita niya ang isang bagay na mas malalim pa sa kayang maabot ng iyong isipan. Hindi mo mahahalata sa mukha niya na may mga pinagdaraanan din siyang pagsubok sapagkat nakakadala ang  ngiti at bungingis na tunay nga namang  nakagagaan ng loob.

Papaano mo tinitignan in a professional way, ang mga pagsubok na dumarating sa iyong buhay ?

“Lahat ng pagsubok ay kayang lagpasan. Paraan ito ng Panginoon upang lalo tayong patatagin. Ilang beses ko na rin napatunayan na sa bawat pagsubok ay may mas magandang plano pala ang Panginoon na naghihintay sa atin.”

 Noong naging gurong tagapayo ko siya, naisip ko na siguro ay mahirap siya maging ina sapagkat napakahigpit niya at sensitibo sa mga nakalista sa talaan ng mga maiingay, at isa ako doon. Oo, parang kailan lang ay isa akong mag-aaral na nakasuot ng putting polo jacket na tinernuhan ng asul na pantalon, may pomadang nakalagay sa buhok at pabango na “Bench”.

Matapos ang ilang taon kong pamamalagi sa Pitogo High School nabalitaan ko na lang na isa na pala talagang magulang si Ma’am Felicia.

Bilang isang guro at magulang sa tatlong prinsipe, ano ang mga “strength” at “weaknesses” mo?

“Kalakasan ko bilang ina ng tatlo at guro ay kaya kong maging superwoman para sa kanila…yung pareho kong hindi napapabayaan ang tungkulin ko bilang ina at bilang guro dahil kaya kong ibadyet ang aking oras. Na kahit may mga anak na ako kasama pa rin ako sa listahan ng mga model teacher ng pinapasukan kong paaralan. Itinuturing kong kahinaan ang pagsasantabi madalas ng aking personal na pangangailangan na sa kagustuhan kong maging superwoman ay umabot sa punto na napabayaan ko ang aking sariling kalusugan. Nagkasakit ako at nangayayat dati dahil sa labis na pagpupuyat at pagpapakapagod.”Ganyan ang buhay ng isang guro, magulang sa bahay at magulang din sa paaralan. Ngunit minsan ay sumagi sa isip ko, kung papaano nila napagsasabay ang mga bagay-bagay.

Papaano mo napagsasabay ang pagiging super mom mo sa mga anak mo at super ma’am sa mga estudyante?

“Sa tamang pagbabadyet lang ng oras. Panuntunan ko na dapat ang tungkulin ko bilang nanay ay hindi makaapekto sa tungkulin ko sa paaralan. Gayundin, ang trabaho ko ay hindi dapat maging sagabal sa pagiging nanay ko naman sa bahay. Kaya kapag may kailangang tapusin na gawain sa paaralan ay kailangang gawin ko habang tulog na sa gabi ang aking mga anak. Ayokong mabawasan ang oras ko na dapat para sa kanila na pag nasa bahay na ako at gising sila. Oras ng tulog ko nalang ang aking isinasakripisyo para magampanan pareho ang aking responsibilidad.”

  Ano ang greatest achievement mo bilang isang guro?

“Ang ma-promote bilang Master Teacher II sa Senior High School at syempre ang malaman na yung mga dati kong estudyante ay mga propesyunal na rin sa kanilang napiling larangan. Lalo na yung mga estudyanteng dating sakit ng ulo at mukhang walang direksyon ang buhay pero nagawang makapagtapos sa kolehiyo.”

Ano pa ang inaasam mong achievement in the future?

“Ang matapos ko ang aking pag-aaral sa doktorado, maging bahagi ng pagsusulong ng Filipino bilang awtor at ispiker at maging propesor sa Kolehiyo ng Edukasyon para sa mga nagpapakadalubahasa sa Filipino.”

Nakita ko siya bilang isang inspirasyon sapagkat isa siyang modelo sa mga taong dumaranas ng mga pagsubok sa buhay. Nakunan siya ng dalawang beses ngunit ang ipinalit sa kanya ay triplets.

Paki narrate po yung history ng triplet’s  hahahah dba po before nakunan po kayo. ? ano po ang nagpatibay sa inyo ng loob para hindi panghinaan?

Dalawang beses akong nakunan simula nang magpaalaga kami sa doktor sa kagustuhan naming magkaanak na sapagkat 2 taon na rin kaming kasal. Pareho naming iniyakan ang mga nangyaring iyon. Dumating sa punto na  tinanong namin ang Diyos na bakit samin kailangang mangyari yun. Pareho kaming may trabaho, kaya naming buhayin ang magiging anak namin. Sa kabila nito, nagpaalaga pa rin kami sa doktor at patuloy na nagdasal sa Kaniya na kahit isa lang ay pagbigyan Niya kami. Sa kaarawan ng aking asawa, hindi namin  alam na yun pala ang binigay na regalo sa Kaniya. Laking gulat namin na kahit naglakad kami nang malayo dahil hindi ko pa alam na buntis na pala ako ay hindi nakaapekto sa babies. Napatunayan ko na Pag binigay sayo ng Panginoon, para sa iyo talaga iyon.  Dahil doon nagpasya akong mag-apply ng personal leave dahil ayaw na naming maulit ang nangyari dahil sa pagiging maselan ko lagi sa pagbubuntis. 3 buwan na sila nang isagawa ang unang ultrasound sa kanila. Ang nakita ay kambal/twins palang. Sa ikalawang ultrasound laking gulat namin na triplets pala. Naging biruan tuloy na baka sa susunod may madagdag naman daw…Dito namin napatunayang mag-asawa na may magandang plano pala ang Panginoon sa amin. Hindi lang isa ang ibinigay Niya, parang ibinalik Niya rin ang dalawang nawala nung una.  Bukod pa rito, akala ko hindi ko kakayanin at mahihirapan din kami sa gastusin pero tunay na pag ibinigay ng Diyos ang biyaya, ito’y siksik-liglig at umaapaw. Simula noon, suwerte ang dala ng tatlo sa aming mag-asawa. Pagkapanalo sa contest, esktrang raket at promotions ang natanggap naming mag-asawa. Walang plano, walang paghahangad subalit Kaniyang ipinagkaloob. Tunay na dakila ang Diyos…

 Hindi man malaki ang sahod ng isang guro ngunit para sa akin,para siyang isang doktor sapagkat inilalayo niya ang kaniyang mga mag-aaral sa sakit ng lipunan na nakapalibot sa kapaligiran nito, para siyang abogado na nagtatanggol sa mga mag-aaral laban sa kamangmangan,para siyang isang nars na kumakalinga sa mga isipang nangangailangan ng karunungan, para siyang isang arkitekto na bumubuo ng plano para sa pagtupad ng pangarap ng bawat estudyante, para siyang isang enginir na gumagawa ng isang gusali sa puso ng mga mag-aaral upang lagakan ng tamang asal, para siyang isang tagaluto na naghahain ng masusustansyang kaalaman para sa isipan.Hindi masusukat kailanman ng pera ang mga bagay na nagagawa ng isang guro sa loob ng paaralan at sa bawat puso’t isipan ng mga estudyante na ang turing sa guro ay isang bayani.

Hindi man siya katulad ng ibang bayani ng Pilipinas katulad ni Rizal na pambansang bayani,o ni Lapu-lapu na kauna-unahang pinunong Pilipinong lumaban sa mga mananakop na Kastila, o ni Apolinario Mabini na matalino at may napakatibay na paninidigan, o ni Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo na unang pangulo ng Unang Rebolusyonaryong Republika ng Pilipinas, o ni Andres Bonifacio na nagtatag ng Katipunan pero para sa karamihan ang mga guro ang bayani ng mga bayani.Siya ang itinuturing na gabay ng mga kabataan na pag-asa ng bayan.

Bakit nga ba itinuturing na bayani ang mga guro? Dahil bilang isang bayani wala silang ibang hangad kung hindi ang wastong kaalaman,karunungan at asal para sa ikabubuti ng karamihan at ginagawa nila ito ng buong puso.Mahalin at pahalagahan ang mga guro sapagkat sila ang tanglaw sa gabing madilim,ang perlas sa malawak na karagatan at ang bayani ng paglalakbay sa buhay.

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[the-in-news]

Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo Producers' Cut will be bigger, better and more action-packed and contains new-never-before-seen footages from its main star Robin Padilla. It will be shown with English subtitles. - See more at: http://www.datelinemovies.com/2015/11/bonifacio-ang-unang-pangulo-producers.html#sthash.H5ZI1qSr.dpuf (via Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo, Producers' Cut! )

[filmpolicereviews]

What's Next: 15 Trends in Cinema

What’s Next: 15 Trends in Cinema

As 2015 seeps in to our lives, here are 15 trends inferred from happenings within festivals, on mainstream sensibilities, and to the vast wide world of the internet from the past year. Some of these trends have been building up through the years while others are things that come and go.

  1. Revisiting History.

With the number of wins and rave reviews from Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo, we all…

[lyqasworld]

4 Reasons Why You Have To See Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo

4 Reasons Why You Have To See Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo

Each year, around the holiday season, I start feeling sad, frustrated, and, at times, utterly mad because the Metro Manila Film Festival pushes the play dates of Hollywood films that I’ve been waiting for the entire year. (In 2012, it was Les Miserables. This year, it’s Into The Woods.) All of this happens to give way to locally made and produced films that are supposed to showcase Filipino…