#angolan independence

[the-leegend-99]

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He died of pancreatic cancer, but at least he lived enough to see his country free from the colonial and imperialist yokes. He was a poet, a doctor, and a revolutionary. Let us all honor him.

Let us honor all our martyrs.

[awnowimsad]

Your grandma is older than Israel?

Well, my grandma is older than all of these countries! And this doesn't even count most of the ones that existed as independent states before having to become independent again!

hi, i just saw your post about the precedence of ppl talking as if 2000 yrs caused jewish indigeniety to expire, and it made me think of the slogan "israel is younger than my grandma". it's an annoying phrase on its own because there are a lot of living grandmas older than a lot of different countries bc the 20th century has been a wild ride of geopolitical turbulence, but the desperation behind it betrays a kind of "it's not too late" energy - showing that these people have totally given up on decolonizing america, canada, australia, nz, and the other settler states they say they hate exactly as much as israel, but don't put a fraction of the energy into marching against. at most they're further down the revolutionary list, but at worst they're fully setting the expiration on indigenous rights to the age of a currently living grandma

Exactly this.

Palestine has been around just as long as Israel has as brittish mandate Palestine was a different country to Palestine. It was seen as a temporary extension of the brittish empire till they figured out what to do with it.

Like South Sudan became it's own country in 2011, Kosovo in 2008 and so many other countries. Even in the middle east, Yemen became it's own country in 1990. My parents are older than Yemen. I'm older than South Sudan and Kosovo.

And you are exactly right that they've given up on settler states they claim to hate so much. Like I've said in other posts, they don't give two shits about Māori rights. I haven't heard anyone outside of NZ talk about the bill David Seymour wants to implement. B'H that literally every single other party in Parliment, both in the government and opposition (so 5 parties and one independent) refuse to support his bill.

[readyforevolution]

Happy Independence Day to our Angolan Fam! 🇦🇴✊🏾 Today, we honor Angola’s spirit and celebrate the resilience and achievements of its people. Here are a few things you may not know about Angola:

🇦🇴 Angola gained its independence from Portugal in 1975, marking a powerful moment in history.

🇦🇴 The awe-inspiring Kalandula Falls is one of Africa’s largest waterfalls—an incredible sight and part of Angola’s natural beauty.

🇦🇴 Angola’s semba music has deep roots and has even inspired the rhythms of samba in Brazil.

🇦🇴 Known as the “Paris of Africa,” Luanda’s energy and architecture tell stories of Angolan strength and progress.

Join us in celebrating Angola’s place in our shared African legacy! 🖤

#AngolaIndependence #AfricanAncestryFamily #MakeTheConnection

[whencyclopedia]

Portuguese Angola

Portuguese Angola in southwest Africa was the first European colony on that continent. While settlement from 1571 proved problematic in the interior, the Portuguese did obtain a large number of slaves which they shipped to their Atlantic island colonies and to Portuguese Brazil right up to the end of the Atlantic slave trade in the 19th century.

With the capital at Luanda on the coast, the Portuguese struggled against the kingdoms of Kongo, Ndongo, and Matamba to gain control of the interior. The Angolan Wars saw shifting tribal allegiances thwart the relatively small number of Afro-Portuguese, but help from Brazil, eager to maintain the flow of slaves, proved crucial. The decolonization process in the mid-20th century was one of the most bloody and shambolic in Africa, and civil war continued long after independence was gained in 1975.

The Portuguese in West Africa

The Portuguese arrived in West Africa, and from the late 15th century they began to explore further south. Following the Portuguese colonization of São Tomé and Principe in 1486, the Europeans were looking for slaves to work on their sugar plantations. The Portuguese settlers on São Tomé and Principe had already been in trade contact with the mainland, searching for gold, pepper, and ivory. The main trading partner was the Kingdom of Kongo (c. 1400 - c. 1700), which controlled a booming regional slave trade. Through the 16th century, slaves from Kongo (and also the Kingdom of Benin) were transported to the Portuguese islands and to their colonies in the North Atlantic like Madeira.

The Portuguese had bought African slaves with cotton cloth, silk, mirrors, knives, and glass beads, but they got the idea to launch their own slave-capturing expeditions in Africa’s interior and cut out the Kongolese middlemen. The Kongo kings were not pleased with this development, and they were increasingly alarmed at the effects of European culture and the Christian religion on their subjects. As relations soured, the Portuguese began to look for another trade partner further down the coast of Africa.

Exploring further south in the mid-16th century, the Europeans came into contact with a new kingdom, or rather a loose confederation of Kimbundu tribes, then known as Ndongo, probably formed c. 1500. Its ruler was called the Ngolo, which derives from the local word for iron - ngola - and from which the name Angola derives. The Portuguese attempted to create a new slave industry partnership with Ndongo and even involved the kingdom in a war with their northern neighbours, the Kingdom of Kongo. Ndongo had already defeated Kongo in a battle in 1556 and so seemed a good candidate to satisfy Portugal's ambitions in the region.

Continue reading...

[ptseti]

Did you know that Mexico and Peru received more Enslaved Africans than the United States during the entire history of the transatlantic slave trade? 🌍 Yet, the African roots in these countries are often hidden in plain sight, with many people unaware of their ancestry. This rich history remains overlooked, but it profoundly shaped the culture, traditions, and even the fight for freedom in Latin America.

In Mexico, Enslaved Africans played a crucial role in building the economy, working in mines, sugarcane fields, and wealthy homes. But they didn’t accept their fate passively. One of the most famous rebels was Gaspar Yanga, an enslaved man who led a successful revolt against the Spanish in the 16th century, establishing Yanga, one of the first free Black towns in the Americas.

This African influence is also reflected in Mexican culture, like the lively Fandango—a blend of African, Spanish, and Indigenous traditions—or the famous song “La Bamba,” which traces its roots back to Angolan and Congolese slaves who sang it as early as the 17th century.

African descendants also played a pivotal role in Mexico’s independence. Vicente Guerrero, who was of African descent, became the second president of Mexico in 1829 and abolished slavery in the country—a full 30 years before Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in the U.S. Guerrero’s legacy is a reminder of how Black Mexicans helped shape the nation’s history. . .

. . . ——

panafrikan #blacktraveljourney #africanhistory #blacktravel #everydayafrica #africancreatives #representationmatters

[degeneratedworker]

"Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the beginning of the Angolan War of Independence (1961-1974)" Angola 1976

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Artistic exchange between Brazil and Angola aims to reclaim colonial ties

For the first time in its 73-year history, the Sao Paulo Biennial is taking artworks to the African continent with a travelling showcase in Angola. The event's curators told RFI they hope the project will highlight long-standing correspondences between Angola and Brazil, united by a shared colonial past.

The 35th Biennial is the first to go to Africa as part of the travelling exhibitions programme established by the Sao Paulo show, one of the biggest art events in the southern hemisphere. 

After touring cities in Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia, it is on display in Angolan capital Luanda until December 2024.

Brazil, which was a Portuguese colony from 1500 to 1825, was the first country to recognise Angola's independence from Portugal in January 1975.

And now, as Angola prepares to celebrate 50 years of independence, the Brazilian biennial wanted to focus on the cultural links between the South American powerhouse and the largest Portuguese-speaking country in Africa.

Continue reading.

[elbiotipo]

(Re: the south africa post)

It is correct to state that decolonization/landback movements are not retaliatory in nature. However, there are some unfortunate truths you seem to be pushing aside.

-When given a choice between restitution and retaliation, the latter will invariably be chosen. You may think you're different, but if your family were slaughtered and driven from their lands, you'd likely be singing a different tune.

-Well-meaning movements are oft devoured from within by extremist elements.

This is not to speak against these movements that are doubtless well-intentioned and seek genuine positive change; at least they will likely bring about a better country before this occurs. (I also am not implying these movements are disguising their true intentions; but rather that their good intentions will end up superseded, as they always are, by those seeking revenge.)

Nor is this a defense of those who would oppose indigenous land rights/decolonization; people like that want me and my friends dead or worse. I don't want to go to Europe, but I'm smart enough to see that displacement is better than death. And I'd certainly never throw other marginalized peoples under the bus regardless of the outcome on my end.

Just lamenting the fact that there really is no good ending here, or at least none that doesn't involve mass suffering. I still support indigenous peoples' struggle, and that won't change, but I wish things didn't have to end up like this.

I completely disagree with this ask. I made a post saying "decolonization does not necessarily ends in mass suffering; here are examples where it ends in an integrated equal society" and you're straight up telling me "When given a choice between restitution and retaliation, the latter will invariably be chosen". It's like you read my post and chose just to deny everything I said for no reason other than your own lack of faith in humanity.

This is the same argument that slavery proponents said in the US, if slavery was abolished. It didn't happen. It was the same with those who supported Apartheid, they said that if South Africa ended it, it would end in a white genocide. It didn't happen. Was there inequality and cases of violence? Yes. Are there still political, social and economic issues to be solved? Yes. There was never the extreme retaliation you say, no "white genocide". It did not happen in South Africa, it did not happen in the United States, it does not happen just because. No matter how many demagogues and extremists are there, people don't want "retaliation", in general, they want to live free and plentiful lives.

So no, they're not "always taken over by extremists"

The cases where violence and expulsion indeed happen where the cases where the colonial powers attempted by all means to continue their rule, the cases where they decide to divide their colonial possesions against the will of the people there, like the French with Algeria. Those who chose the path of reconciliation always end up as more equal societies. Funny that.

It's even crazier when even countries that have experienced violent independence conflicts don't even do the same to their former colonists. Did you know, for example, that there are between half a million and a million Angolans of Portuguese descent? They have chosen to integrate to a new, independent Angola: in fact, many fought for it. And they are accepted as such.

This supposed lust for revenge you put forward as a universal experience is ridiculous.

[reasoningdaily]

Bakongo (also known as Mkongo or Mukongo). In one of the Bantu languages, Kongo, the word “Ba” means “People” while “Kongo” according to an adventure means “Hunter” while according to others it means “Gathering” or “Mountains”. There is yet to a decisive context for it. Even the term “Congo” was a term used to refer to black people who spoke “Kikongo” in Cuba, America. The Bakongo people speak Kinkongo language which also compromises of 9 other language variations for different sub-branches of the Bantu tree; for example the Kivil dialect by the north coast, the Kisansolo in the central dialect, amongst others.

The 13th ��� 14th century saw the creation, transition, and building of the great Kingdom of Kongo. The kingdom succession was based on voting by the noble of the land which kept the king’s lineage among royalty. In the late 14th century, what was supposed to be a quick stop for the portugese

Allegedly, the Portuguese were in search of a route to India for opportunities when one Diego Cao found the river Congo. Moving south he and his companions found the people of Kongo in an organized system; valuable currency, trading relations, transport infrastructure, port settlements, and open-minded people.

The people of Kongo accepted them and even the king willingly accepted Christianity in a show of solidarity with these new people. Once a man, Chief Muanda, warned the people of the coming doom of slavery of the Bakugo clan which will destroy the kingdom, he said it will begin with the visitation of foreigners but people choose what they want to see even though he was later right. By the 19th century; the Kingdom of Kongo had completely fallen, the Bakongo people had fully divided and spread across different parts of the continent.

The Bankongo people are the third-largest group in Angola but in the 17th century, they lost a war to Portuguese during the repression. They moved throughout the continent occupying the northern regions of places like Cabinda, Congo, Angola and Zaire. In the 20th century, the Bakongo created a political party called the Union of Angolan Peoples (UPA) in an attempt to bring back all the Bakongo people, eventually, they decided an independent country filled with different tribes was much better for their society. Soon after that decision, they fought along the Ovimbundu and the Mbundu people for a better Angola.

In 1975, Angola gained its independence with a lot of Bakongo people being the faces for the win but as soon as the Mbundu people took over the ruling power there was discrimination among all three tribes. In the present time, their largest numbers are in Congo and though they’ve been through a lot, they have kept some of their cultural practices.

[appro880]

Celebrate Your Cuisines...

[vincentbarletta1]

Unveiling the Essence of Lusophone: A Journey Through Language and Culture

In a world of diverse languages and cultures, the term "Lusophone" holds a unique significance beyond mere linguistic connections. Derived from "Lusitania," the ancient Roman province that encompassed parts of modern-day Portugal and Spain, "Lusophone" refers to the countries, communities, and cultural spheres united by the Portuguese language. This linguistic thread binds regions with rich histories, intricate traditions, and shared aspirations, creating a fascinating tapestry that spans continents and epochs.

The Lusophone Network: A Global Perspective

The Lusophone community is not limited to Portugal and its immediate neighbors; it encompasses a constellation of countries and territories with historical ties to Portuguese colonialism and exploration. Prominent members include Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, and East Timor. Additionally, regions like Macau in China and Goa in India, which bear the marks of Portuguese influence, contribute to the intricate fabric of Lusophone heritage. This sprawling network demonstrates the far-reaching impact of Portuguese exploration and colonization.

The Power of Language as a Cultural Link

The Portuguese language is the cornerstone of the Lusophone identity, creating a shared bond that transcends borders and historical legacies. This linguistic connection enables meaningful communication, exchange of ideas, and artistic collaboration among nations that might otherwise have little in common. It fosters a sense of unity and familiarity, allowing Lusophone communities to appreciate each other's cultural nuances and engage in cross-cultural dialogue.

Cultural Diversity within the Lusophone World

While the Lusophone community shares a linguistic foundation, its diversity is evident in its myriad cultural expressions. Each member nation brings its unique traditions, music, cuisine, and ways of life to the collective table. From the vibrant rhythms of Brazilian samba and the rhythmic beats of Angolan kuduro to the melancholic melodies of Portuguese fado, the Lusophone world pulsates with a kaleidoscope of artistic diversity. This cultural mosaic is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of Lusophone societies as they have evolved.

Historical Legacy and Contemporary Dynamics

The historical legacy of colonialism is a complex facet of the Lusophone identity. While it has left indelible marks on societies and cultures, it has also been a source of introspection, reconciliation, and growth. Many Lusophone countries have embraced their diverse heritage and worked to address past injustices, fostering a spirit of unity and cooperation. These nations have navigated their unique paths to independence and development, often overcoming challenges through collaboration and shared experiences.

Lusophone in the Modern Context

In the modern world, the concept of Lusophone continues to evolve. The Portuguese language is a gateway to international partnerships, trade, and diplomacy, providing a platform for Lusophone nations to engage with the global community. Organizations like the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) facilitate cooperation among member states, promoting cultural exchange, education, and sustainable development. This collaborative spirit extends to various fields, including science, technology, and the arts, reinforcing the ties that bind the Lusophone community.

Preservation and Innovation: Balancing Tradition and Progress

Preserving cultural heritage while embracing innovation is a delicate balancing act for Lusophone nations. A forward-looking approach to economic and social development complements efforts to safeguard traditional practices, languages, and art forms. For example, countries like Brazil have blended their rich cultural heritage with advancements in technology and industry, leading to a unique fusion of tradition and modernity.

The term "Lusophone" encapsulates far more than a shared language; it embodies a living testament to the interplay between history, culture, and human connections. The Lusophone community showcases the potential for unity amidst diversity, with a linguistic thread that spans continents and fosters mutual understanding. While rooted in a complex history, the Lusophone world is marked by resilience, creativity, and collaboration. As it navigates the complexities of the modern era, the Lusophone identity remains a vibrant tapestry that weaves together the stories, dreams, and aspirations of diverse peoples who share a common bond through the Portuguese language.

[karagin22]

October 31, 1987 South Africa's Angolan ally in the Border War - The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, known by its Portuguese acronym UNITA, captured two Cubans after shooting down their MIG-23 jet over Angola's eastern province of Moxico. Cuba, in an unprecedented public admission, confirmed the incident identifying the Cubans as Lt. Col. Manuel Rocas Garcia and Capt. Ramos Cazados. Photo courtesy of the Russian Angolan Veterans Union. Story for the South African Legion Peter Dickens

[psychotrenny]

This sort of tweet really annoys me with its how, despite it's supposedly "progressive" viewpoint, it distorts and mangles actual history in order to create a neater narrative that actually weakens one's ability to understand and therefore change the world

Like Apartheid South African and Contemporary Israel have a lot in common; both are white supremacist apartheid Settler States that are intimately tied to and heavily supported by international Imperialist Capitalism (as headed by the USA). They also enjoyed friendly relations with each other and regularly shared ideas and technology, so you have active mutual influence on top of natural convergent evolution. Comparison, as well as contrast, between each regime is a useful way to understand how these sorts of systems function. And yes, observing past trends in one system can help us predict the future of another

But like South Africa and Israel also have a vast number of differences; from their specific relationship with future designs for the peoples they oppressed, to the state of their regional neighbours as well as the overall extent to which other imperialists were willing to openly support them. And these differences in circumstance lead to significant differences in policy.

Like the fact of the matter is this tweet is incredibly misleading; it implies the Apartheid regime of South Africa somehow went berserk in the final years of it's existence when like this political intervention in their northern neighbours had been South African policy since the 1960s. Even before the independence of Angola or Zimbabwe (as well as Mozambique) the South African government had invested considerable sums of money and manpower into propping up the Portuguese and Rhodesian White Settler regimes against the pressure of Anti-Imperial Socialist resistance movements. After the end of Portuguese rule in Africa in 1974 (as their colonial wars drove them bankrupt and exacerbated domestic problems to the point that the Fascist regime found itself overthrown by a Leftist military coup) the South Africans then switched to supporting armed movements of local reactionaries and compradors like UNITA in Angola (which already had a long history of collaboration with the Portuguese) and later RENAMO in Mozambique (whose initial formation was one of the Rhodesian CIO's last significant achievements).

South African attempts to overthrow the Angolan revolutionary government, launching several major offensives with their own ground troops alongside their UNITA puppets while offering plentiful supply, funding and air support to UNITA outside of this, had been policy for as long as there was an Angolan Revolutionary Government to overthrow. And while their had less luck finding useful allies to destabilise Zimbabwe, their cross-border raids were simply an extension of their previous support for Rhodesia. Meanwhile their violations of Zambian sovereignty also were a consistent policy dating back to the 60s due to the Zambian Socialist government's mostly consistent support for the Anti-Imperial resistance movements of Southern Africa. While a deterioration of their relationship with Botswana was a later development, this was mainly a result of political pressure from both other African nations and their own citizens for the Bourgeoisie Botswanan government to stop collaborating with South Africa and to tolerate the presence of anti-apartheid fighters in their territory.

The whole "set-up a puppet government in Namibia" is the most misleading part of all. It implies that Namibia was some sort of independent nation they tried to subvert, and not a colonised territory they outright occupied (de facto since 1922, de jure since 1946; either way since before even the formal inauguration of nation-wide Apartheid in 1948). The attempts to set up a puppet government in Nambia were a direct de-escalation of South African involvement in the territory, prompted by the costly resistance offered by SWAPO and their Angolan Allies. Like if anything the very last years of Apartheid saw a de-escalation of South Africa's aggressive foreign policy, as the social and economic costs of their multiple intense wars had weakened the country and brought the regime close and closer to collapse while even among the Afrikaner Conservatives there was a growing recognition that some sort of compromise with Black Africa was necessary to secure any sort of survival.

And like there were very real material reasons for this, such as the lesser extent of open US support or the inherent contradiction of keeping the indigenous Africans as an oppressed pool of cheap labour which Israel avoided by tending towards outright genocide of Palestinians. It's not like the South African Apartheid regime was morally any better than Israel, just materially different. But these differences must be remembers if we want any chance of actually understanding the situation, instead of just mechanistically applying 1:1 comparisons because it makes an easier story. The nuances of Southern Africa must be appreciated if we want to truly appreciate the history of human struggle against oppression; we can't reduce it to a footnote on whatever conflict it's currently popular to perform activism for.

[lboogie1906]

Queen Nzinga (1583- December 17, 1663) was a 17th-century queen of the Ndongo and Matamba Kingdoms of the Mbundu people in what is known as Angola today. Born into the ruling family of Ndongo, she demonstrated an aptitude for defusing political crises in her capacity as ambassador to the Portuguese and later assumed power over the kingdoms after the death of her brother. She ruled during a period of rapid growth in the African slave trade. Her reign lasted 37 years.

She fought for the freedom and stature of her kingdoms against the Portuguese, who were concentrating their efforts towards Southwest Africa, in attempts to control the slave trade. She is remembered in Angola for her intelligence, her political and diplomatic wisdom, as well as her brilliant military tactics. A major street in Luanda is named after her, and in 2002 a statue of her in Largo do Kinaxixi, Luanda, Angola was dedicated by President Santos to celebrate the 27th anniversary of independence.

“She was a fierce anti-colonial warrior, a militant fighter, a woman holding power in a male-dominated society, and she laid the basis for successful Angolan resistance to Portuguese colonialism into the twentieth century.” #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence

[culture-appreciation]

Test #1: how much do we really know about history

When looking deeper into the history that has shaped the Ovahimba, I would have never guessed that such events could have even occurred. Some of these topics are not very known when looking into what is being shown to us in the media, everything else is pretty much swept under the rug. Below is a few event that have shaped the Ovahimba people located in Namibia,

Today I will go through a couple of these events, getting in more detail and what each have affected.

1904-1907

The Herero and Namaque Genocide which was the killing of about 50,000 to 65,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama at the hand of German military forces. In 1884, Germany began to formally colonize GSWA (German South West Africa). Several separate native communities, including the Herero, Nama, Damara, San, and Ovambo, lived in the area freely before to colonization. Numerous indigenous communities were subjected to forced labor, land confiscation, and cattle theft during the German occupation.Under the direction of Chief Samuel Maharero, the Herero people launched a massive armed uprising in January 1904 in opposition to the harsh German colonial government. Approximately 123 German colonial settlers were slaughtered by the Herero as a result of the German ruling forces' lack of preparation for the attack. May of 1904, Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha Supreme Commander of GSWA arrived in GSWA. The Battle of Waterberg killed around 3,000-5,000 Herero warriors, yet some of the Herero were able to escape and headed deep into the Omaheke Desert. Unfortunately the German colonial military forces pursued those who escaped and sadly thousand dies from being shot, from starvation or dehydration, and drinking from bad water. He proceeded to have all males shot at whether armed or not, forcing women and children back to their people and if they did not do so they would be shot at as well. November of 1904, Trotha was overturned and had the remaining Herero put into concentration camps such as the Shark island concentration camp with a mortality rate of 47%-74%. By 1905, the following two years the Nama people in the South fought the Germans using guerrilla tactics, any caught were sent to the same concentration camp as the Herero. 

1966-1989

This 23 year long Border war between South Africa and Angola, Angola government and army, all which was supported by Cuban forces as well as a  liberation movement UNITA. During the 1960s,  racially discriminatory separation caused many in South Africa to resist. Their armed resistance although mounted on black liberation movements, were acts of terrorism directed by the African National Congress, were just "pin pricks". Another tactic was guerrilla movements, against the South African rule in Southwest Africa, later independent Namibia. The collapse of the Portuguese rule in Angola allowed SWAPO (South West African People's Organization) to be able to organize and aid military equip to the people. Unfortunately not everyone was willing to allow/sacrifice their people for the anti-apartheid military campaigns. Yet as for Angola, the Soviet Union provided military machinery, equipment as well as training/trainers.Angola saw around 380,000 Cuban military soldiers stationed there between 1975 and 1991, with a peak level of roughly 55,000. Regardless of whether Angolan or Cuban soldiers entered SWA, the front line would move several hundred miles/kilometers  south to the border with South Africa proper if SWAPO acquired control of or destabilized SWA. Although the strategic reasons behind the Border War were not immediately existential for South Africa, they were nonetheless existential because of the possibility of challenges to the nation's territorial integrity.Additionally, there existed a paramilitary internal security organization called Koevoet, which was initially staffed by white South Africans. By using black forces, the number of casualties among white draftees was reduced, which in turn served to reduce political controversy surrounding the Border War. SWAPO was an issue for South Africa. South Africa would not have given a damn that Angola was a Marxist state backed by Soviet equipment and advisors, and that a sizable number of Cubans, including Fidel Castro, were supporting the Angolan government, if SWAPO had not been operating out of Angolan bases. Castro and the Soviet Union grew to believe that South Africa was attempting to overthrow the Angolan Marxist regime in addition to waging a strategic defensive. 

2023

Indigenous peoples' rights to self-determination with regard to their claims to lands, territories, and resources have garnered support and attention on a variety of levels throughout the world. Nevertheless, an increasing number of rulings from national and regional courts, UN human rights bodies, and complaint mechanisms show that Indigenous Peoples are still the targets of violations of their human rights connected to commercial and development endeavors, whether by the government or by private entities. As part of their "social license to operate," an increasing number of investors, financial institutions, and companies across a variety of industries have created or are in the process of creating safeguard policies that mandate that they respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples, particularly their right to free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). This development follows the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The Himba people have lived in the Kunene River valley for almost 500 years, making it their ancestral home. With prosperous herds of up to 500 cattle, sheep, and goats per family, they have managed to preserve their way of life. Their cattle and land are strongly related to their economic independence. They have adapted their semi-nomadic pastoral style of life to the severe climate, having had to wander between cattle posts in search of better grazing and water for their animals. The Namibian Constitution prevents discrimination based on ancestry or tribe, however it makes no mention of the rights of Indigenous Peoples. The Himba people need to be able to proactively establish their own goals, policies, and regulations for their lands and resources. Their society, their territory, the lands it includes, and the various resources it contains should all be under their complete authority. By creating or recording their community protocols, the Himba will be able to fully exercise their right to self-governance and enjoy the collective right to self-determination through their own decision-making procedures.

Here are some recent and older documentaries to show some insight on the Ovahimba, as well as a cite that shows different documentaries on the historic events that have taken place overtime.

[ptseti]

AMÍLCAR CABRAL: COLONIAL PORTUGAL’S NIGHTMARE

A hundred years ago today, on this day in 1924, the great revolutionary pan-Africanist Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born. His adopted warrior name was ‘Abdel Djassi.’ Cabral became an icon and a hero of the liberation struggle as leader of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. The PAIGC (for short) fought an armed struggle against Portuguese colonialism, organising rural farmers in Guinea-Bissau and training them both ideologically and militarily for the fight.

In addition to this, Cabral was also a founding member of The People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), having met Angolan militants such as Agostinho Neto while studying in Portugal. Cabral was educated as an agricultural engineer in Lisbon but he decided to give up a comfortable career in order to dedicate his life to the liberation of his people. This perhaps inspired his theory of ‘class suicide,’ referring to the act of sacrificing one’s higher-class status to struggle alongside the most oppressed sectors of society.

Cabral was not just a strategic warrior, he was also a brilliant theorist who developed a framework to understand the importance of culture within the struggle for national liberation. Today, oppressed and colonised people all around the world study Cabral’s speeches to learn from his wisdom.