#anaphylactic shock treatment

[elblogdecleo]

Anaphylactic Shock: Understanding and Reacting to a Life-Threatening Emergency

Learn to recognize and respond to anaphylactic shock with this comprehensive guide. Discover causes, symptoms, and emergency steps, including using an epinephrine auto-injector. Be prepared to save lives with essential insights on managing severe allergic

[sicktember]

Sicktember 2024 Prompt-Based Resources to Help You Get Started! 💚

**Sicktember 2023 prompt-based resources can be found [Here]

Hangovers

What is a hangover [niaaa.nih.gov]

15 hangover horror stories [buzzfeed.com]

7 ways to cure your hangover [health.harvard.edu]

How to Write a Drunk Character [allwritealright.com]

Over Indulgence

Dealing with Food hangovers [health.usnews.com]

4 Ways to Stop Digestive Discomfort  [michiganmedicine.org]

I Ate Too Much. Now What Do I Do? [osfhealthcare.org]

Is It Possible… Stomach Explode? [popsci.com]

Campus/Con Crud

Crushing the Campus Crud [hercampus.com]

So What is Con Crud  [granitcon.com]

Coming Down With the Crud  [bmhsc.org]

Rogue Organs

What Is Appendicitis? [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Gallbladder Removal [nhs.uk]

Tonsillectomy [mayoclinic.org]

Spleen Problems and Removal [nhs.uk]

Dizziness/Vertigo

Understanding Vertigo [on.bluecross.ca]

Types of Vertigo [acare.abbott.com]

Dizziness vs. Vertigo [cornerstonephsio.com]

Medieval Treatment

Medicine in the Middle Ages [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

6 Medieval Medical Practices [guavahealth.com]

Healing Power of Maggots/Leeches (Modern) [mountainview-hospital.com]

When Medicine was Humorous [merryfarmer.wordpress.com]

Mononucleosis

About Mono [cdc.gov]

Mono For Teens [kidshealth.org]

How to Test for Mono [mountsinai.org]

Sick People Food

What People Around the World Eat When Sick [businessinsider.com]

Sick Day Foods Across the Globe  [nyubiteclub.com]

8 Best Foods to Eat When Feeling Sick [forbes.com]

Toxin/Poison

Poisons and Toxins [sciencelearn.org]

Poisoning. What The Doctors Do [thedoctorwillseeyounow.com]

Common HouseHold Poisons [cincinnatichildrens.org]

FAQs Carbon Monoxide Poisoning [cdc.gov]

Brain Fog/Spaced Out

What is Brain Fog [everydayhealth.com]

Understanding Brain Fog [henryford.com]

Causes of Zoning Out [verywellhealth.com]

Aches And Pains

What Causes Body Aches When Sick? [uclahealth.org]

5 Tips For Writing About Physical Pain [louiseharnbyproofreader.com]

Hypochondriac tendencies

Illness Anxiety Disorder [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Signs You May be a hypochondriac [centerforanxietydisorders.com]

10 Health Anxiety Myths  [happiful.com]

How To Write Anxiety [writerscookbook.com]

Anaphylactic Response

What is Anaphylaxis  [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Anaphylactic Shock: What You Need to Know [healthline.com]

Waiting Rooms

What happens in the emergency department [advocatehealth.com]

Triage and Emergency Assessment  [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Setting Description: Emergency Waiting Room [writershelpingwriters.net]

Summer Flu

Can You Get the Flu in the Summer? [verywellhealth.com]

Leisure Sickness  [avogel.ca]

Catching a Cold When It’s Warm [newsinhealth.nih.gov]

Heart Condition/Cardiac Arrest

Types of Heart Attacks [www.healthline.com]

Common Heart Conditions [summahealth.org]

What Does a Heart Attack Feel Like? [health.clevelandclinic.org]

How to Describe a Heart Attack in a Story [writingtipsoasis.com]

Pulling a Ferris Bueller

Define Pulling a Ferris Bueller [urbandictionary.com]

Ferris Bueller’s Day Off Summary [gradesaver.com]

10 Things Ferris Bueller Taught Us [dailyedge.ie]

A Note From the Mods [Tumblr Post]

Sick While Traveling

Take Steps to Stay Healthy While Traveling [cdc.gov]

Motion Sickness [sciencefocus.com]

How to Remove Vomit From Car Interior [wikihow.com]

Sick on Vacation Tips [apartmenttherapy.com]

Hospital Bed

How to Write a Hospital Scene [writersdigest.com]

Hospital Bed Components & Safety [robsonforensic.com]

9 Way to Help When Someone is Hospitalized [upstate.edu]

First Aid Kit

Make a First Aid Kit [redcross.org]

Travelers First Aid Kit [hopkinsmedicine.org]

Health Plan and First Aid for College [uh.edu]

Flushed Cheeks

Causes of Facial Flushing [verywellhealth.com]

What Can Cause Flushed Skin?  [medicalnewstoday.com]

Doctor's Note

Obtaining a Dr Note for Work [inhersight.com]

How to Get A Dr. Note for School  [solvhealth.com]

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Notes: Food Allergies

Food allergies - the body’s abnormal response to specific proteins found in food. These proteins normally are harmless but cause a reaction in some people. They can occur when food is either eaten or touched.

Many people use the term ‘‘food allergy’’ to describe what is actually a food intolerance.

A food intolerance is a reaction to food that does not involve the immune system.

Lactose intolerance is a common food intolerance, while celiac disease is a food allergy.

Eight foods cause 90% of all food allergies. These are:

milk

eggs

peanuts

tree nuts (walnuts, cashews, pecans, almonds, etc.)

fish

shellfish

soy

wheat

When the body encounters an allergen, it releases large amounts of histamine.

The release of this chemical is responsible for allergic symptoms.

Symptoms of food allergy can range from mildly annoying to dangerous and life threatening.

These symptoms include:

tingling of the mouth

tingling or numbness in arms or legs

skin rash or hives

itching

abdominal cramps

vomiting

diarrhea

breathing difficulties

sudden drop in blood pressure (hypotension)

swelling of the tongue

swelling of the face and throat

loss of consciousness

death

The most serious symptom of food allergy is anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis, also called anaphylactic shock, is a sudden and potentially life threatening allergic reaction in which the whole body reacts to an allergen.

During anaphylaxis, the airway constricts, making breathing difficult.

Swelling of the throat may block airways as well.

Vomiting and diarrhea may occur.

The face may swell and the skin may become itchy with a rash or hives.

The heart may race and the heartbeat may become irregular.

Treatment for an allergic reaction is administration of an antihistamine drug.

The most common antihistamine is diphenhydramine hydrochloride; found in over-the-counter drugs, such as Benadryl, and in some prescription drugs.

If taken immediately, antihistamines can stop or moderate an allergic reaction.

In cases of a severe allergy or anaphylaxis:

an injection of a strong antihistamine called epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) may be used.

An auto-injectable form of epinephrine (Epi-Pen) that looks similar to a large ballpoint pen can be carried at all times if a person has a history of severe allergy.

If a severe allergic reaction occurs, the auto-injector is held against the skin and the medication is self-administered as a shot.

Epinephrine is a strong antihistamine; it often can stop anaphylaxis symptoms.

Source ⚜ More: Notes & References ⚜ Writing Realistic Injuries ⚜ On Allergy

[hellyeahsickaf]

I get disability memes on my Pinterest feed but after getting one for ER Drs/nurses that I found concerning, I kept seeing more and more like it and I went down a rabbit hole. I know it's one of the most stressful jobs someone can have and I really appreciate the medical staff that have been kind to me. These things are definitely made by the types of people who haven't been.

I think it's important because memes are kind of a way to let off steam but they mean what they're saying. They're not just jokes but they're framed in a way that they can say it more comfortably. Sometimes they're just straight up admitting to crimes and malpractice. It's like when someone says something that crosses a line in a joking tone so that if you feel attacked they insist it's just a joke and you're taking it too seriously. But my life is constantly in the hands of these people and I've been mistreated time and time again by medical personnel

I'm gonna go through them because honestly I hate them and there are a lot of repeating themes

These are extremely common. The focus of the meme being that a whiny patient is asking for pain medication that they clearly don't need. Something commonly mentioned in these is disbelief that the patient has an allergy because it's common for someone trying to get drugs to claim they have an allergy.

Also the Confucius one is both ableist and racist so double whammy I guess!

I've dealt with people I know are silently assuming this of me. I'm allergic to NSAIDs- deathly allergic and at risk for asphyxiation or anaphylactic shock. Medical staff sometimes have this attitude of "we know when you're faking your pain" (no really I had one say this shit on my post about this) and that has traumatized me immeasurably because they'd rather me wait for 4+ hours in some of the worst pain of my life than risk the possibility of me being an awful scheming mustache twirling addict.

This category is just as common. "I don't like you so I'm going to drug you". That's more fucked up than they seem to think it is.

Then there's the category of "you're a whiny little bitch and I don't believe a word out of your mouth". Which contributes heavily to medical malpractice and abuse

Again these are doctors and nurses making these, people responsible for treating patients with care and dignity and respect. Especially if they want any in return

Aaaaand this one is just a crime. One that's happened to me actually- reporting examinations that never happened to get rid of me because I was such a nuisance (crying, hardly coherent, drenched in sweat, 9/10 pain on arrival)

And then there are the ones like "don't mess with me because i handle your treatment/meds 💕". Things like "the way you treat me is the deciding factor for how fast I'm going to get your painkillers 😊". Which to me is just... evil?

I've never in my life mistreated medical staff but people in a lot of pain get mean sometimes. It's a survival instinct actually- for aggression to accompany pain or panic. Not that it's ever okay but it isn't personal

These are just a few examples really, there are so fucking many of these with this awful, cruel, cynical tone. There are some funny ones that aren't mean or degrading towards patients but so many of them are and in nearly every one I see a mean spirited healthcare worker that I've encountered at some point who damaged me in ways I will never psychologically recover from

[cleoluvrr]

Smarty IV (Rafe Cameron x OC)

SYNOPSIS: smart girl isn’t as smart as rafe cameron.

WARNINGS: mature content; dark!rafe, toxic relationship, domestic violence, verbal abuse, blackmail, jealousy, general violence, manipulative behavior, explicit language, substance abuse & addiction, use of guns, mentions of past crimes, obsession

series masterlist

masterlist

“i wish you could just give me one day, laia…” rafe sighed loudly into to the empty space in front of him, fingers tensing around the steering wheel before dropping to his lap. “just one day where you aren’t being a total bitch.”

a scoff escaped my throat, the sound coupled with a roll of my eyes. it took everything to bite my tongue, memories of the last time i called him a bitch reason enough to do so. 

“because i didn’t want you talking to the bitch–the girl, you were fucking while i was away?” i corrected myself immediately. it was out of character to call other women such derogatory names, but the word flowed so easily off my tongue. “the one that we just argued about a few days ago?” 

“jesus christ, all she did was say ‘hi’! she was working!” 

“she could have been lying on the floor dying of anaphylactic shock, rafe. i don’t give a fuck.” i shoved the car door open and jumped out before turning back to face him. “i told you not to talk to her.”

slamming the door shut, i left my boyfriend in the truck by himself as i trudged down the dock to where he keeps his boat. the sky was a clear blue and the sun was beaming down onto the earth, the warm yellow light leaving a sheen of sweat on my skin that was only amplified by the humidity. it was a beautiful day, calm waves and a stunning horizon in the distance gracing the view of onlookers surrounding the dock, but i couldn’t begin to appreciate it.

i tried giving rafe the silent treatment after finding out about his indecent activities, but he was never one to let that go on for very long. 

after the fourth day of avoiding all contact with him, he made an appearance at my front door with little patience for my attitude. he gave no room to argue when he told me to get dressed and dragged me out to his car a few minutes later. i didn’t fight back because i knew it would make no difference.

he took us to the island club, and that girl happened to be working today. i’ve never been one to be jealous of rafe talking to other girls, but the fact that she got to fuck him before i did enraged me beyond comprehension. the scoff of annoyance that left my body as she greeted the two of us was out of my control. i didn’t notice that i had been mean-mugging here until rafe told me to ‘fix my face’ when she walked away.

the entire car ride after our lunch together was filled with a tense silence; one that remained until we arrived at the dock and was broken by him. 

“i don’t wanna argue with you, laia. i was just being nice.” rafe tried to hold a hand out for me to board the boat, but i paid it no mind. hopping over the gap between the ledge of the yacht and the water, i made my way to the front with my boyfriend dragging his feet behind me.

“i gave you four days of peace, rafe.” my eyes cut him with the sharpness of the hunting knives he keeps in his basement. raising a finger, i point it directly into his broad chest. “you insisted on coming to bother me knowing that i’m mad at you. on top of that, you took me to the place that girl works! so no, you don't get to complain about me being a bitch.”

i take a seat on the right side of the steering wheel, eyes trained on the water in front of us. the blonde sighs loudly, the bass of it filled with frustration. 

we remained silent for an amount of time that i’m sure was longer than necessary, but i refused to be the first to break it. rafe stops the boat a couple nautical miles away from where we were originally, the dark blue water surrounding all sides of us.

“baby?” rafe locks the wheel in place before take a seat next to me. i feel his eyes burning into my figure, gazing hotter than the summer sun beaming down onto us.

“yes, rafe?” the answer to his call was released with a tired sigh. i was genuinely upset about what happened, and hearing him talk was beginning to give me a headache. 

my boyfriend takes a seat next to me, reaching over to pull me closer. he ignores my protests as he sits me on his lap and wraps his arms around my waist snugly, resting his chin on my shoulder.

“you know i love you, right?” the vibrations of rafe’s chest traveled through my back as he spoke. “i didn’t mean to make you upset. i haven’t thought about her in forever, i really was just being polite…”

it took everything in me not to roll my eyes. 

he just told a blatant lie, right to my face.  if he hadn’t thought about her in forever, why did she text him just a few days ago? if they hadn’t been in contact recently, then she wouldn’t have thought they were still on speaking terms. on top of that, there was no reason for him to speak to her–politeness be damned. he knew i was mad–and why i was mad–but chose to acknowledge her anyway.

it was a habit of rafe’s to take me out on dates, buy expensive gifts, and sing praises about how much he loves me whenever i was upset with him. he thought i didn’t notice, but after all this time it was hard not to pick up on the pattern. there’s only so many times shopping sprees and worship will make someone forget why they were upset in the first place. 

“okay.” my voice was edged with irritation. i tried my best to disguise it with indifference, but there was nothing rafe didn’t notice when it came to me.

“okay?” i could feel him turn his head to look at me, the side of my face burning hot from his fiery gaze. 

“yes, okay, rafe.” the reply was snippier than i meant for it to be. “i love you, too–what do you want me to say?”

a puff of air escaped through his nose; a sign of his own temper flaring up. i could feel his arms flex against me for a second before settling in their natural state.

“well; i’d like it to sound like you mean it, first of all.” the sass in his voice was evident. “i’ve already apologized, like, forty times. it happened, laia–i’m sorry that i slept with her. i’m sorry that i acknowledged her existence today. what else do you want from me?”

“you slept with her, rafe!” i swiveled my own head to meet his eyes directly, the familiar sight matching the ocean below us in color. “you can apologize forty-thousand times–i don’t give a fuck! that is so…beyond…i don’t know what you want from me, either.”

throwing his arms off, i rose to my full height before turning to face him with folded arms.

he stood up as well, head towering far above mine. i stumbled forward from being pulled back into his body, a pair of strong hands gripping my hips keeping me in place. there was no point in trying to back away–it wouldn’t make any difference when he would just put me right back where i was.

it was obvious that he was really sorry, but it was also clear that he wasn’t too happy about me not accepting his apologies. usually, i would let things go just so we didn’t have to argue. this time was different–he didn’t like that.

“if i could go back in time and un-fuck her, i would.” the wet muscle of his tongue poked out from his plush lips before returning to its place. “but i can’t. we were on a break that you wanted! it’s in the past now, laia, alright? do you think picking fights and ignoring me is gonna change what happened?”

i blinked up at him slowly. mouth sewn shut, i wasn’t really sure how to respond to that.

he was right; picking fights wasn’t going to change anything. my anger was genuine, but it had dissipated over the days that i’d isolated myself from him. i was mostly trying to make a point on how he couldn’t get away with doing things that hurt me and then expect to shower me in praise to receive my forgiveness.

shrugging as a reply, i turned my head away from him to face the horizon. my head was snapped back in his direction by a set of fingers sinking into my jawline. rafe’s eyes held the same softness they alway did when they held me in their gaze, but his exasperation was clear as the sky above.

“you look at me when i’m talking to you. do you think that’s going to fix things?” my throat bobbed at the scolding, his stern voice covering my skin in goosebumps inappropriate for the warm temperature of the nature that surrounds us. shaking my head no silently, i give him my honest answer. “right, okay…so are you acting out for attention? what are you trying to do?”

i shrugged again. the blond chuckled from above, amused by my sudden loss of words.

“i’m trying to show you that you can't just…say you love me and expect me to let shit go.” i said. “you took it way too far this time, rafe.”

“okay, so you wanna break up?”

i furrowed my brows at him, head jerking back in surprise. the question caught me off guard. he looked down at me expectantly and watched my eyes open and shut rapidly as i blinked away the shock.

“i never said that.” my head shook in denial at the accusation. “if i wanted to leave you, i would have done it before any of this ever happened.”

“so if you don’t want to break up, what the fuck are you still mad for?” i wasn’t sure if he was genuinely confused or angry; most likely overcome with both feelings. “tell me what it’s gonna solve when i’ve already apologized and i stopped talking to her before you even came back from school because i knew that i wanted you, not her. it’s not gonna solve anything, right?”

i hate it when he makes points. it made me feel stupid whenever he called me out and happened to be right–like right now. there were no plans for me to leave him; if i wanted to then i would have done it a year ago before i left for school. obviously i wanted us to work out, i loved him. 

it was more of a point to make for myself than him. rafe gets away with most things, simply because i hate fighting with him. if it meant that things would go back to normal, i would let it go–even when it hurt me. i couldn’t let him just walk all over me anymore, that’s what i was trying to prove.

instead, it’s making me feel like i’m being difficult. 

it was embarrassing. it shouldn’t be, but i could feel my skin heat up from the emotion washing over me in a thick layer that overpowered the sun above.

rafe took my slice as agreeance and nodded his head in understanding. bringing his face closer, i could feel his nose brush against mine, the gesture leaving a ticklish feeling in its wake.

“we’re adults, baby.” his warm breath landed against my lips as he spoke in a gentle voice. “that silent treatment shit is childish and you know i don’t like it. it’s over now, okay? just let it be over–let’s just focus on each other. that outside stuff isn’t important; just us.”

closing the minimal space between us, rafe presses his lips to mine. my eyes flutter shut at the familiar feeling. it was short and sweet; he pulled away before it went any further in order to gage my reaction. not seeing any resistance, the blond returns to the contact.

rafe’s lips open slightly, just wide enough for him to lick at the seam of my lips. i follow his lead, lips allowing him the access to slide his tongue into my mouth. the hand at my waist pulls me in so close that you’d think he wants me to live in his skin.

the feeling of his tongue against mine was pure sweetness, the taste of him something i missed more than i thought. nothing about it was sloppy, it was passionate and slow. the way he would pull away just slightly with my lip in tow, low eyes watching as it snapped back into place before he captured it again in a kiss.

rafe groans when try to pull away, the sound followed by the hand resting on my face relocating to the back of my head to tangle itself in my hair. he deepens the kiss, teeth smacking together just barely as allows himself to be a little rougher.

humming in protest, i place a firm hand against his chest to separate us. my head pulls back when my boyfriend attempts to chase after my evading lips.

“just us.” i whisper, repeating the words that left his mouth just a moment earlier.

something in the back of my mind set off alarm bells at the way rafe smiled, the look in his eyes unsettling in the strangest way, but I tuned them out in favor on focusing on the way his lips felt on mine.

[ask-a-vetblr]

is it effective to use Furosemide for post-spay seroma in dogs or cats?

GV here.

No. Furosemide is a powerful diuretic designed to reduce overall total blood volume and/or induce urine production in urgent or emergent scenarios such as congestive heart failure, certain types of shock including anaphylactic, certain severe edemas, and oliguric or anuric kidney failure. It's never the *only* thing you do, either. In each of those scenarios you would be throwing a book of treatments at the animal. Also, furosemide runs the risk of being quite damaging to the kidneys even when used properly and is not designed to be used to stop normal, non-life-threatening inflammatory processes. Just getting rid of the fluid in a post-spay/post-surgical seroma is not going to get rid of any specific discomfort and definitely not a life-threatening problem, nor will it address the underlying issue (typically a combination of the body's reaction to the suture + excessive movement +/- infection).

[doresworld]

This afternoon I had one of the worst doctors appointments ever, which is saying something, but at least I didn’t have a panic attack this time. 

So in no particular order, I was told:

I obviously present feminine - in response to asking me my pronouns (they also gestured to my outfit, cane, and decorated rucksack, so I’m burning all of this and never wearing it outside again) 

There’s nothing they can do as I’ve tried everything they can offer 

To stop taking my meds as they’re not working, but no attempts to offer me anything new

That said medications aren’t even down as repeat prescriptions as they’re all for ‘acute treatment’ (note that I’ve been on these for almost two years for most of them) 

Told that there’s no point me doing anything about my gender identity as the waiting lists are too long, and I wouldn’t be classed as a priority

That because I’m unemployed it doesn’t matter that I don’t sleep properly because it’s not like I need to get up for anything 

The only place in the country that does immunology tests won’t test me as I’m not actively in anaphylactic shock so I need to find my own ways to treat my symptoms 

When asking me about why I’m unemployed, they asked if it was due to pain, I said yes, but also because I don’t have the right qualifications because I had to drop out when I got sick, and they said ‘how sick? And how was it serious enough to drop out’ - I guess they completely forgot that I am permanently sick as in disabled ??

[cannabiscomrade]

great allergy post btw!!

I think its easy to say good allergies aren’t that bad because they’re avoidable and the symptoms aren’t really chronic in the same sense that typical disabilities are. But my god the social effects! Having to bring your own food everywhere and be mindful about traveling and plane rides constantly is really draining after a while, especially with very common allergens like gluten or meat or egg. Like it’s crazy to me that most people can just eat whatever (like random food trucks in particular because damn I wish) because I’ve never gotten to do that

also the comorbidities! asthma alone accounts for a long term impact of allergen exposure.

people do not care to understand the severity of anaphylaxis and I've even been in first aid trainings where all they did was pass the Epi-Pen trainer around. a certain popular public charter [R.E.D.A.C.T.E.D] doesn't even mandate allergy certification through the first aid/cpr provider they choose. (a majority of first aid/cpr courses I've taken are phenomenal with allergy training fwiw)

ANYWAYS here are the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and what to do if you or someone is experiencing them!

If you or someone you know is experiencing anaphylaxis, call emergency services immediately. Do not delay care. If you're unsure, call anyways. Symptoms can be rapid or within 2 hours of exposure.

Do not delay care after administering epinephrine (Epi-Pen, Adrenaclick, Auvi-Q, etc), it is only temporary, hospital care is necessary.

Do not assume that someone with an allergy has an epinephrine injector, especially in places where you have to pay for healthcare.

If someone goes unresponsive and is not breathing during an allergic reaction, start CPR (adult | child+infant) immediately.

Image description: an infographic from the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Connection Team titled "SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ANAPHYLAXIS"

Anaphylaxis (an-a-fi-LAK-sis) is a serious allergic reaction that comes on quickly and has the potential to become life-threatening. The most common anaphylactic reactions are to foods, venom, medications, and latex. Anaphylaxis signs and symptoms that may occur alone or in any combination after exposure to an allergen include:

MOUTH: itching, tingling, swelling of the lips/tongue/palate (roof of the mouth)

THROAT: hoarseness, tightening of throat, difficulty swallowing, hacking cough, stridor (a loud, high-pitched sound when breathing in)

LUNGS: shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, chest pain, tightness

GUT: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

CNS/BRAIN: anxiety, panic, sense of doom

EYES/NOSE: runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, watery red eyes, itchy eyes, swollen eyes SKIN: hives or other rash, redness/flushing, itching, swelling

CIRCULATION/HEART: chest pain, low blood pressure, weak pulse, shock, pale blue color, dizziness or fainting, lethargy (lack of energy)

Symptoms involving the throat, lungs, and circulation/heart are marked with asterisks, indicating immediate and potential life-threatening symptoms.

Consult with a board-certified allergist for an accurate diagnosis and management plan.

Although the majority of individuals experiencing anaphylaxis have skin symptoms, some of the most severe cases have no rash, hives, swelling

EPINEPHRINE is the first-line of treatment for anaphylaxis Antihistamines, inhalers, & other treatments should only be used as secondary treatment. Always carry two epinephrine auto-injectors at all times.

When you, or someone you know, begin to experience symptoms, CALL 9-1-1 IMMEDIATELY!

FAACT Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Connection Team

AWARENESS • ADVOCACY • EDUCATION www.FoodAllergyAwareness.org

(513) 342-1293 Fax (513) 342-1239

P.O. Box 511 West Chester, OH 45071 info@FoodAllergyAwareness.org

[end ID]

[tildeathiwillwrite]

Where it began: Poison ficlet

How it's going: Eight new open tabs researching anaphylactic shock and treatments for severe allergic reactions

[mjsloveslave]

PLEASE DONATE IF YOU CAN!

I'm a struggling dialysis patient. On Feb 1, 2022 I went into anaphylactic shock and nearly died while at treatment.. Just asking for a little help. Anything is a blessing.

gofundme.com/account-overdrawn-need-help

[girlactionfigure]

Israeli doctor saves boy's life on flight to New York: Passengers on an El Al flight to New York went through a scare on Tuesday when a teenager suddenly went into life-threatening anaphylactic shock due to an acute allergic reaction, but fortunately for him, a doctor on board was able to act quickly and save his life.

His family had an EpiPen on hand which was found to be expired, and they sought assistance from the flight crew in finding a doctor.

Luck was on their side when they discovered Dr. Nathan Unger, a volunteer for the emergency medical services organization United Hatzalah, was on the plane as well.

Dr. Unger quickly began administering lifesaving treatment to the boy who was suffering from shortness of breath.

The teen’s condition improved after a few minutes and he made a full recovery. - YNet

Jewish Breaking News

[populationpensive]

Shock

Time for the learning! A quick breakdown of the 4 types of shock so all you students getting pimped on rounds will be freakin' bosses. In all seriousness, this is vital to understand and if you're thinking of emergency medicine or critical care, it is extremely important to get this down pat. Remember, septic shock and hemorrhagic shock are SUBCATEGORIES, not one of the 4 main types.

When you think about shock, generally think about someone who (usually) has a reversible problem that causes enough hemodynamic instability that they require vasopressors. Essentially, cardiac output is reduced. Depending on the etiology of the shock, the symptoms can very. Before thinking about shock, it's important to understand cardiac output.

Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood (in L/min) that exits the left ventricle per heart beat. More specifically, this is EDV-ESV of the left ventricle. You've learned about the Frank Starling Curve - I'm choosing to explain it a little differently without using the curve.

I think of heart rate as being a response to a certain change in stroke volume. Two of the three components of SV are proportional.

When preload increases, stroke volume increases. When afterload increases, stroke volume decreases.

Preload is referred to as end-diastolic volume, i.e. the amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole and prior to ejection through the aortic valve.

Contractility is the amount of cardiac muscle stretch prior to ejection.

Afterload is the amount of pressure the left ventricle must overcome to eject blood through the aortic valve. You can think of this as systemic vascular resistance.

When thinking about shock, think about what components of stroke volume are possibly being effected.

General symptoms of shock: hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, confusion, delirium, LOC, dizziness, lightheadedness, general malaise, febrile, sweating, pallor, shortness of breath

In the treatment sections below, please consider your ABCs first.

Hypovolemic

Main problem: there isn't enough volume in circulation to support normal hemodynamic function. Not enough preload.

Examples: dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea), hemorrhage (loooooong list of etiology), pancreatitis, severe insensible fluid loss (big burns, open abdomens), etc

Subcategory: hemorrhagic shock

Treatment: fluid or product resuscitation, stopping the source of bleeding

Obstructive

Main problem: something is compressing the heart or creating a circulatory blockage which disrupts normal hemodynamics/heart function. Afterload is increased.

Examples: tamponade, tension pneumothorax, PE, severe STEMI.

Treatment: reduce the afterload. Dependent on cause - pericardiocentesis, needle decompression, chest tube insertion, anticoagulation/ thrombectomy, cardiac angio/catheterization.

Distributive

Main problem: something is causing volume to be dispersed in places that it should not via severe vasodilation. Blood vessels are so vasodilated that adequate tissue perfusion doesn't occur. Disruption in preload via reduced afterload (systemic vascular resistance). This type of shock is also referred to as vasodilatory shock.

Examples: bacteremia, large burns, polytraumatic injury (or anything particularly inflammatory like anaphylaxis), spinal cord injury, TBI

Subcategory: septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, shock due to adrenal crisis.

Treatment: increasing systemic vascular resistance with use of vasoconstricting drugs, +/- treating the infection, reducing inflammation (steroids)

Septic shock is tricky because CO can be maintained for a time. The heart will compensate by increasing the rate, which is why septic patients routinely have HRs well over 120 bpm. But the increased HR is a sign that SOMETHING ISN'T right. If you have a patient with a new, increased HR, do NOT simply treat with a beta blocker (you'll probs code them if they are septic). Think WHY is the HR increased? If you need a vasopressor for a septic patient, norepinephrine is ALWAYS the first choice per Surviving Sepsis Guidelines.

Neurogenic shock presents itself differently because the etiology of the vasodilation is decreased sympathetic tone. Because of this, you'll have a hypotensive patient who is also bradycardic. Seen in patients with new spinal cord injury most commonly and sometimes new TBIs. These patients need MAP goals, usually over >80, with the help of a vasopressor to keep them out of a shock state. Any pressor will do, generally if my patients aren't excessively bradycardic I'll use phenylephrine.

Anaphylactic shock is unique due to it's rapid development and more immediate risk to the airway. Intubating these patients is the first priority. The vasopressor of choice is epinephrine.

Shock due to adrenal crisis should first be treated with high dose hydrocortisone. Any pressor will do (though to be honest, I have never had a patient in adrenal crisis myself, so suggestions welcome). This type of shock has some secondary concerns like sodium and calcium loss that need to be corrected immediately. It's most commonly triggered by dehydration so fluids are a must.

Cardiogenic

Main problem: pathology within the heart is causing disturbed hemodynamics. Increased afterload OR increased preload (think right heart failure). Reduced contractility. It's the one form of shock that is less likely to be reversible, ie. if you have structural heart disease of any kind, that's not reversible.

Examples: chronic heart failure (left or right), cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, Takasubo's, STEMI, ventriculoseptal defect, ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOT obstruction).

Treatment: depends on etiology but generally involves increasing contractility by adding an inotrope like dobutamine, milirinone, etc. Correcting or improving the underlying issue can improve things. These patients often need vasodilating agents to reduce afterload. If they are too sick for an intervention, they may need ECMO, IABP, or LVAD/RVAD to bridge them to improve enough for a procedure.

Overall Message

When you have a patient with low blood pressure requiring vasopressors, think about the underlying etiology to figure out the differential. Don't look at clinical symptoms separately - there is often a bigger picture at play. Also worth nothing that multiple kinds of shock can exist in the same patient OR treatment for one type causes another.

Good luck!

[garashir]

playing open heart after watching house md is so funny to me because dr ramsey just tore mc a new one for annie going into anaphylactic shock because of the treatment but like…that’s step one of any dr. house case is to almost kill the patient to rule out the initial treatment theory…chill dude she’ll be fine

[whimpernotes]

i don't know when to contact a medical professional about the increased bleeding. You have to be so careful about these things.

- say too much and never be taken seriously by the people treating you again = delayed treatment.

- say too little and have symptoms indicating something or another not known in time = delayed treatment.

It's just weird that i went from occasional small amounts of blood loss when i shouldn't lose it -> large amount every day AND that it coincided with starting to take levongestrel/estradiol in may. And it just keeps getting worse. And getting stranger. Lately

the size of the blood clots has been steadily increasing and going from one at the time to 3 in a row. It feels like birthing a slug. Those things are as long as the palm of my hand. The past few weeks have been especially bad; and i know it's affecting me despite the lack of pain because there is nausea, sudden fatigue, a general sudden ominous feeling i know to interpret as a physical thing from approaching anaphylactic shock. But i am (i think) a fairly strong person physically because about an hour after i feel fully recovered, and outside of when it is actively happening i feel fine. And after i feel relieved really. I love the illusion of feeling empty and clean. I love to think i am purging my body of its mistakes. But i'm not. The tumour has grown and has grown fast. I don't know if there is a connection between taking the pill and continuing to do so at the gynae's insistence and the continued blood loss or if it is merely a coincidence, no causation, just starting to take it at a time when the thing was getting worse anyway. I worry about it perforating organs, that being why the past two weeks have been so bad. I saw it on the echo the last time and it already took up almost my entire uturus; there was a last 0.4 or so cm of empty space left. It really does look like an egg. Round. Solid. Seemingly still safely contained. But is it? It's weird that i can't know for sure.

I'm rambling now but the truth is I just hate not knowing. I hate the grainy images, the uncertainty, the blood, the uncleanliness. I just want to stop bleeding, but if I'm bleeding i just want it to be blood. I feel like I'm suffering from some sort of curse. I feel like i'm birthing monstrous slugs.

Anyway lmao good week otherwise.

[cotton-candy-in-fair-blog]

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Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018 Aug; 115(31-32): 528–534. 

Published online 2018 Aug 6. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0528

PMCID: PMC6131363

PMID: 30149833

Adrenaline in the Acute Treatment of Anaphylaxis

Johannes Ring, Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil.,1,* Ludger Klimek, Prof. Dr. med.,2 and Margitta Worm, Prof. Dr. med.3

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information PMC Disclaimer

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Abstract

Background

Anaphylaxis is the most serious manifestation of an immediate allergic reaction and the most common emergency event in allergology. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the mainstay of acute pharmacotherapy for this complication. Although epinephrine has been in use for more than a century, physicians and patients are often unsure and inadequately informed about its proper administration and dosing in everyday situations.

Methods

This review is based on pertinent publications from the period 1 January 2012 to 30 September 2017 that were retrieved, on the basis of the existing guidelines of 2007 and 2014, by a PubMed search employing the keywords “anaphylaxis treatment,” “allergic shock,” “adrenaline,” and “epinephrine,” as well as on further articles from the literature.

Results

Adrenaline/epinephrine administration often eliminates all manifestations of anaphylaxis. The method of choice for administering it (except in intensive-care medicine) is by intramuscular injection with an autoinjector; this is mainly done to treat reactions of intermediate severity. The injection is given in the lateral portion of the thigh and can be repeated every 10–15 minutes until there is a response. The dose to be administered is 300–600 µg for an adult or 10 µg/kg for a child. The risk of a serious cardiac adverse effect is lower than with intravenous administration. There have not been any randomized controlled trials on the clinical efficacy of ephinephrine in emergency situations. The use of an autoinjector should be specially practiced in advance.

Conclusion

The immediate treatment of patients with anaphylaxis is held to be adequate, yet major deficiencies remain in their further diagnostic evaluation, in the prescribing of emergency medications, and in patient education. Further research is needed on cardiovascular involvement in anaphylaxis and on potential new therapeutic approaches.

Anaphylaxis is the maximal variant of an acute life-threatening immediate-type allergy and represents the most common and often life-threatening emergency situation in allergology. In contrast to hay fever, asthma, and atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis), few reliable epidemiological studies exist of the prevalence rates of anaphylactic reactions (1).

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Background

In tandem with the general increase in allergic disorders in the population, anaphylactic reactions have become more common, not only in Europe (2– 4), but also in the USA and Asia (5– 7), for example from 16/100 000 person-years in 2008 to 32/100 000 person-years in 2014 (5). With a total prevalence of 42/100 000 person-years in the period from 2001 to 2010, Lee et al. observed an annual increase of 4.3% and, for food-induced anaphylaxis, of 9.8% (6).

In particular, food-induced anaphylaxis in children has increased—for example, from 41/100 000 emergency admissions in 2007 to 72/100 000 such admissions in 2012 (7).

Often, patients with allergic rhinitis (hay fever) also react to allergens that occur in foodstuffs and pollen grains (“pollen-associated food allergies”).

A classic example are people with allergies to birch pollen, who also react with anaphylaxis to hazelnuts, because they have developed IgE antibodies to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, which occurs in many foodstuffs.

Reactions to Bet v 1 homologous proteins are altogether common, but they rarely trigger severe reactions (8).

In view of the numerous triggers and the multiple possibilities for exposure over a lifetime, lifetime prevalence rates of anaphylaxis in the population have been estimated to be 0.3–15%; in some studies this also includes milder reactions, such as externally triggered acute urticaria (9– 11).

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Methods

On the basis of the available guidelines from 2007 and 2014 we conducted a selective literature search in PubMed, using the search terms “anaphylaxis treatment”, “allergic shock”, “adrenaline”, and “epinephrine” for the period from 1 January 2012 to 30 September 2017. We also took recourse to literature we ourselves collected over time.

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Clinical symptoms

Anaphylactic reactions are accompanied by a multitude of symptoms affecting different organs, which sometimes occur in succession and sometimes simultaneously—but not necessarily always to the same degree.

In most cases (80–90%), the reactions start with subjective general symptoms and skin manifestations (for example, urticaria/hives 62%, angioedema 53%), sometimes accompanied by formication on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Advanced symptoms include nausea of the gastrointestinal tract in 24% of those affected, colic-type pain in 16%, vomiting in 27%, and diarrhea in 5%.

The respiratory tract is affected in 49%. Those affected experience dyspnea, either as a narrowing of the upper airway in the sense of laryngeal edema or as asthmatic bronchial constriction (35%).

Anaphylaxis can affect the cardiovascular system—for example, by triggering tachycardias or blood pressure fluctuations in up to 42% of cases. These can be so comprehensive that anaphylactic shock may ensue (12– 15) (box).

BOX

The most important symptoms of anaphylaxis*

Subjective general symptoms (known in the past as prodromal symptoms)

Restlessness

Abnormal tiredness in children

Paresthesias or itching of palms, soles of feet, or in anogenital region

Metallic or fishy taste in the mouth

Visual disturbances

Feelings of anxiety

Skin

Generalized pruritus

Disseminated weals (urticaria, hives)

Circumscribed tissue swellings (angioedema, e.g. of the eyelids, lips)

Episodic reddening (flushing)

Gastrointestinal tract

Nausea, vomiting

Stomach cramps, colic

Diarrhea, voiding of feces and/or urine

Airways

Rhinoconjunctivitis

Dyspnea

Wheezing

Asthma attack

Blocking of upper trachea, glottal edema (a feeling of obstruction of the throat)

Respiratory arrest

Cardiovascular system

Palpitations and tachycardia

Drop in blood pressure

Collapse, circulatory shock, cardiac arrhythmia

* modified from (1, 9, 12, 15, 26)

Anaphylaxis can affect the same patient to different degrees of intensity, which is considered in the classification into grades of clinical severity (16, 17).

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Pathophysiology

During the trigger phase of anaphylaxis, mast cells and basophils, which release highly active mediator substances, are of central relevance. The best known substance is histamine (18). Furthermore, eicosanoids—such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins—but also platelet activating factor (PAF) have important roles, which are, however, not fully understood just yet.

Further to activation by antibodies, anaphylaxis can be triggered non-immunologically by direct mediator release or complement activation.

The causes of a fatal outcome are mostly (19, 20):

Circulatory shock

Cardiogenic shock as a result of cardiac arrest (also arrhythmia, myocardial infarction)

Obstruction of the upper airway (laryngeal edema)

Severe asthma attack with bronchoconstriction.

Triggers and allergens

The most important triggers of anaphylaxis in adults are insect venom, foods, and medicines, whereas in children, it’s foods (table 1).

Table 1

Common triggers of anaphylaxis*

Insect venom (n = 2074)Wasp1460Bee412Hornet93Bumblebee5Horsefly4Mosquito4Foods (n = 1039)Pulses (including peanut)241Animal proteins225Nuts199Grains101Fruits65Vegetables63Herbs/spices55Additives13Others17

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* The data come from an anaphylaxis registry. which collects voluntary notifications from the German-speaking region. They therefore do not represent a population-based epidemiological data collection

(modified from [16])

In addition, so called non-specific summation or augmentation factors are relevant, if a reaction is triggered only after simultaneous effects of other, often non-specific factors plus contact with the allergen (1, 21– 24), as for example:

Physical exercise/exertion

Administration of medications (acetylsalicylic acid, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, and others)

Acute infections

Psychological stress

Alcohol use

Simultaneous exposure to different allergens.

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Acute treatment

The basic principles of emergency treatment have been described in national and international guidelines (14, 25, 26).

General measures

General measures include:

Interrupting delivery of the allergen

Positioning the patient in a way that is appropriate for their symptoms

Diagnostic evaluation of vital signs

Prompt insertion of an intravenous cannula and administration of fluids as required

Providing oxygen and appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation if required (27).

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Medication therapy

Adrenaline/epinephrine is of central importance in the setting of pharmacotherapy. Antihistamines (H1-antagonists) are used in mild reactions and glucocorticoids are given in order to prevent late phase reactions.

Adrenaline/epinephrine has been in use for more than 100 years. The consensus is that it is effective in treating anaphylaxis, even though—in the sense of evidence-based medicine—placebo controlled prospective studies are lacking. Such studies would not be ethically justifiable in any case (14, 26).

Mechanism of action of adrenaline/epinephrine

Adrenaline/epinephrine is one of three endogenous catecholamines, which is produced alongside noradrenaline in the adrenal glands and released in a scenario of stress, like cortisone. In combination with other blood pressure raising systems—for example, the renin-angiotensin system—this forms the basis for the spontaneous resolution of symptoms in many cases. Adrenaline binds to catecholamine receptors, but its specificity is dose-dependent: at low dosages, beta 1 and beta 2 receptor effects dominate, the effects mediated by alpha and beta receptors are balanced only at moderate dosages. At high dosages, vasoconstriction—mediated by alpha receptors—plays a greater part

[idigitizellp21]

How insects and pests negatively affects human health

Pests are unwanted intruders in our homes for multiple reasons. They smell, they make people uncomfortable (or scared even), and they cause damage to property. Above all these, they pose a direct threat to our health. Pests contaminate surfaces and spread diseases, some of which can be fatal.

Pests can cause serious allergic reactions in many people and aggravate pre-existing health conditions. As experts in environmental health pest control, your health and safety is paramount to us.

Here’s our guide to the effects of pests on human health.

Spread of disease

Pests spread diseases due to the fact that they urinate, drop fecal matter, and shed skin/fur around your home. Environmental health pest control plays a crucial role. Rodents, in particular, are notorious for contaminating areas where food is stored or prepared, increasing the risk of ingesting harmful substances.

For example, mice almost constantly dribble urine, meaning if they’ve entered your home, it’s almost certain that urine has been left behind. Rodents have been known to spread as many as 35 different diseases, some of which include salmonella, meningitis, Weil’s disease (leptospirosis), and Lyme disease — all of which can be fatal.

Allergic reactions

Many people are allergic to pests; simply being in close proximity to them can trigger a person’s allergic reactions. That being said, people are most likely to suffer from an allergic reaction if they are bitten or stung by a pest. For instance, bed bugs don’t pass diseases to humans, but they bite humans and feed on our blood.

Some people may have an allergic reaction to being bitten and break out in a rash. Scratching these bites or failing to treat them correctly may also cause them to become infected. Similarly, it goes without saying that bees and wasps carry the threat of stinging you. In severe cases, a bee or wasp sting can cause anaphylactic shock.

Pre-existing health conditions

Pests can also irritate symptoms of a pre-existing health condition. For example, people suffering from asthma can be greatly affected by cockroaches. Cockroaches breed at an alarming rate, meaning that once a few gain access to your home, it won’t be long until you have a full infestation.

Cockroaches regularly shed their skin and leave droppings, and these break down and become airborne particles. Due to their numbers, these airborne particles can aggravate people with breathing conditions. In some cases, cockroaches can cause asthma in young children if there is sustained exposure and a history of asthma in the family.

Mental health

It may sound unusual and isn’t often discussed, but pests can severely impact our mental health. A bed bug infestation can cause some people to suffer from insomnia and anxiety for many months after treatment. Not to mention the stress from discovering a pest infestation and potentially needing extensive work done to remedy the problem. People with phobias of particular pests can suffer greatly upon discovering such pests in their home. This can subsequently lead to symptoms resembling post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Ultima Search has successfully ensconced itself in the pest control industry as a business of repute after having provided expert pest control services and products for over a decade. We take it upon us to ensure that your homes, offices and commercial installations are sanitised and healthy thereby providing a sense of wellbeing and happiness whenever you call upon us.

We are the pest controllers of choice in cities like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Karnataka for millions of happy and contented customers and our service portfolio is backed up with a pest control product range which is innovative, advanced and available pan India. Household pests such as rats of all kind, cockroaches, termites, mosquitoes, bedbugs, flies and others have no chance against this product range and a professionally conducted service by Ultima Search.

Additional Related read: How Cockroaches Affect Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health