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bookofjin · 4 months

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Biography of Zhou Fu (JS061)

Fu, courtesy name Zuxuan, was Jun's junior cousin. His father Rui was Grand Warden of Anping. Fu as young was equally famous as his friend Chenggong Jian, they rose from their families together to become literary teachers for the various kings. He amassed to move to Aide for Western Dependants to the Minister over the Masses. The Minister over the Masses Wang Hun petitioned:

Fu's reasoning and understanding is clear and straight, he also has talent and ability and is a master at deciding the Nine Grades, his examinations pull to together essentials and details. Your Subject entrust and rely on his duties' fulfilment, his praise and blame being apt and fitting, and request he fill the vacancy of Gentleman of the Masters of Writing.

Allowed it.

Bit by bit he moved to Senior Clerk of the Left to the Minister over the Masses and Gentleman of the Personnel Section. His selections and recommendations were essential and compact, and discussions on his prospects increasingly commendable. He shifted to Central Assistant to the Steering Clerk and Attendant-at-Centre, and was designated Inspector of Xu province, concurrently General of the Best of the Army, Acting with the Tally. He was summoned to be Commandant of Justice.

Emperor Hui favoured Ye, and the King of Chengdu, Ying, used Fu as Interim Governor of Henan. Li Zhen, Shangguan Si, and others offered the King of Qinghe, Tan, to be Heir-Apparent, and promoted Fu to General of Guards, Recording the Masters of Writing. Fu declined and did not accept. Tan ordered Fu to combine armies with Shangguan Si. Fu understood that Si was a small person who indulged in brutality and in the end would be a traitor to the state. He therefore together with the Minister of Personnel Man Fen and others planned to together remove him. The plan leaked, and they were assailed by Si. Fen was murdered but Fu fled and managed to escape.

When Si was defeated by Zhang Fang, [he] summoned Fu to return and adminster as Governor of Henan, and when the King of Donhai, Yue, welcomed the Great Carriage, he used Ying as [General who] Leads the Army of the Centre. He had not yet gone when he moved to Colonel Minister of Personnel, concurrently Cavalier Regular Attendant, Acting with the Tally, Chief Controller of the Various Army Affairs at Mianchi.

When the Emperor returned to the palace, he set out to be General who Pacifies the East, Chief Controller of the Various Army Affairs of Yang province. He replaced Liu Zhun as General who Garrisons the East, and together with Zhou Ji and others he chastised Chen Min, wiping him out. For his merits he was ennobled Earl of Yongning.

Fu, who himself had gone through the mishaps of the era, always wished to safeguard and rectify the court's changes, his loyal feelings were sincere in the extreme. Since the King of Donghai, Yue, had not fully the steadfastness of a subject, he always told his opinion sharply. Yue deeply dreaded him. Fu observed the crowds of traitors were a blazing fire and that Luoyang was isolated and imperilled. He therefore built a strategy to welcome the Son of Heaven and move the capital to Shouchun. 4th Year of Yongjia [310 AD], he and Senior Clerk Wu Si and Marshal Yan Shi sent up a letter which said:

[We] did not consider the difficult cycle would carry on until this point! The Rong and Di invade one after the other, and the capital domain is imperilled and pressured. Your Subject on his own together with Zu Na, Pei Xian, Hua Tan, Sun Hui, and others, 30 people, humbly thought of a great plan. In all instances, as the people of Yin had the affairs of frequent moves, and the King of Zhou had the move of Qi Mountain, just now the royal capital is emptied, depleted and not possible to dwell in for long, north of the He is barren and bleak and Yao [mountain] and Han [valley] are hazardous and rugged, the Wan capital has frequently fallen and the Jiang-Han area has many troubles, at present in the flatlands the south-east is the better. The land of Huai-Yang to the north is blocked off by Tu Mountain, to the south is shielded by the Ling Peak, and famous rivers surround it in four directions, they have the strength of important defiles. This is why the people of Chu when they moved east thereupon took refuge at Shouchun. Xu, Pi and Donghai also are sufficiently defended and secure. Moreover canal transportation connects it in four directions, and there are no worries of deprivation and depletion.

Although the sagely sovereign is divinely astute, the primary supporters worthy and bright, dwelling frugally and defending restraint, and employed in guarding the ancestral temples, it is not as good as assessing the terrain and moving location, and so relish in eternal fortune. Your Subject has carefully selected 30 000 finest soldiers to serve in welcoming the august carriage. [I] on my own have called to arms the former Commander of Central Gentlemen of the North, Pei Xian, to act as Envoy Holding the Tally, Overseer of the Various Army Affairs of Yu province, and Commander of the Central Gentlemen of the East to swift as the wind proceed forthwith. Jing, Xiang, Jiang, Yang should each first transport the 4th Year's grain tax, 150 000 hu, and cloth and tabby silk, 140 000 bolts each, to provide for the great carriage. [I] have ordered Wang Jun and Gou Xi together to pacify north of the He, Your Subject and others will join forces to open the southern road. To move the capital and stop the robbers, these plans are both obtainable.

When the August Conveyance comes on tour, Your Subject ought to move to occupy Jiang province, to expand the royal boundaries. Knowing there is nothing [they] would not do is what the ancients applied themselves to do. [I] dare to be utterly loyal and sincere, in the hope of repaying one ten-thousandth. In the morning to succeed and in the evening to fall is still the ambition of a lifetime.

Yue was not in concord with Gou Xi, and Fu did not first inform Yue but straight away sent up the letter, and Yue was greatly angered. Before this, Yue summoned FU and the Grand Warden of Huainan, Pei Shou, but Fu was not willing to travel and he ordered Shou to lead the troops and advance first. Shou was disloyal to Fu and therefore raised up troops, claiming Fu instructed him on his own initiative. He had already received Yue's secret directive to plot against Fu. He then assaulted him but was defeated by Fu. Shuo withdrew to guard Dongcheng and sought help from Emperor Yuan. The Emperor dispatched the General who Spreads Power, Gan Zhuo, and the General who Establishes Power, Guo Yi, to attack Fu at Shouchun. The Grand Warden of Anfeng, Sun Hui, led a multitude in response to them, and had Xie Chi make a call to arms. Chi was Fu's former general. When Fu saw the call to arms, he, with tears flowing, said:

Surely it is Xie Chi's expressions.

Chi heard about it, and thereupon destroyed the draft. After ten days, Fu's multitudes dispersed and he ran to Xiang. He was seized by the King of Xincai, Que, The anxious frustration brought illness and he passed.

Earlier, at Hua Tan's loss of Lujiang, he went to Shouchun to rely on Fu. When Fu's army was defeated, he turned back to Emperor Yuan. The Emperor asked him, saying:

How did Zhou Zuxuan end up in rebellion?

Tan replied, saying:

Though Zhou Fu is dead, Under Heaven still has gentlemen of upright speech. Fu saw the robbers and traitors grow like vines, and the kingly power not being stirred. For that reason he wished to move the capital to loosen the state's difficulties. The elders of the regions were not of the same mind which consequently brought about their attack. Not even a season had gone past when the imperial capital was lost. If they had made to follow Fu's plan, in some cases it could have delayed the fall. Tracking back the circumstances and seeking the reality, how could he have been a rebel!

The Emperor said:

Fu held rank among [the Generals who] Conquer and Garrison. He held tight his troops in a corner of the region, when summoned he did not come, and during the danger he did not take care of it. He is also a criminal Under Heaven.

Tan said:

That is so. Fu shook his tassel at the central court and had a long standing reputation for exceptional intellect. He set out to occupy the peaks of a region and truly had the weight of special burdens. Yet lofty strategies were not lifted up, he from time to time neglected harmony, and during the danger he did not take care of it. He must together with Under Heaven accept his blame. However, to speak of him as a rebel, is it not also false!

The Emperor's thoughts started to open up.

Fu had two sons, Mi and Jiao. Mi, courtesy name Taixuan, was by nature unassuming and plain. At the time people declared him a pure scholar. His rank reached Gentleman of the Masters of Writing. Jiao, courtesy name Zhengxuan, also had talent and ability.

Chenggong Jian, courtesy name Zongshu, was a native of Dong commandery. His family had for generations been Two Thousand Shi officials. He was by nature simple and plain, did not seek glory and profit, and immersed his heart in savouring the Way, there was nothing which interfered with his aspirations. His soundless understanding was beyond other people. Zhang Maoxian always said:

Jian's pure serenity is comparable to Yang Ziyun, his soundless understanding imitates Zhang Anshi.

Later he became Gentleman of the Central Writers. At the time Fu had already become Colonel Minister of Personnel, and moved to General who Garrisons the East. Jian, since he himself, though his talent was lofty, yet was positioned below Fu, spoke to Fu, saying:

Yang Xiong was a Gentleman for three generations without being moved, and yet Wang Mang and Dong Xian ranked among the Three Ministers. Past and present follow the same principles, and that is all.

Fu was very ashamed of it. His official position reached Central Retainer to the Heir-Apparent and Cavalier Regular Attendant. At the end of Yongjia, he ran to Gou Xi, and was lost together with Xi.

[Zhang Maoxian = Zhang Hua. Yang Ziyun = Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD).]

#js061

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eyenaku · 2 years

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Ji ji fu ji ji

a o e i i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong i ia iao ie iu ian in iang ing iong u ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng ü üe üan ün a o e er ai ao ou an en ang eng yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yong wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun b ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng bi biao bie bian bin bing bu p pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng pi piao pie pian pin ping pu m ma mo me mai mei mao mou man men mang meng mi miao mie miu mian min ming mu f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng fu d da de dai dei dao dou dan den dang deng dong di diao die diu dian ding du duo dui duan dun t ta te tai tei tao tou tan tang teng tong ti tiao tie tian ting tu tuo tui tuan tun n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong ni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning nu nuo nuan nü nüe l la le lai lei lao lou lan lang leng long li lia liao lie liu lian lin liang ling lu luo luan lun lü lüe g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang z za ze zi zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong zu zuo zui zuan zun c ca ce ci cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong cu cuo cui cuan cun s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng song su suo sui suan sun zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch cha che chi chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh sha she shi shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang r re ri rao rou ran ren rang reng rong ru rua ruo rui ruan run j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong ju jue juan jun q qi qia qiao qie qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong qu que quan qun x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong xu xue xuan xun

#‼️mutual #get tone-d

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steamishot · 2 years

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black friday

life has been easier the last two weeks (knock on wood) post covid. we went to montreal for 5 days. i would say it was the best couples trip that we’ve had. prior to residency, my time for traveling was limited because of the working in office situation. during residency, there was a LOT of rushing/exhaustion/feelings of anxiety in general and not enough headspace to really enjoy and relax during our trips (also in addition to covid worries and extra protocols). i’m making it a point to do more slow traveling and relaxation instead of checking things off in the destination whenever we/i travel.

montreal summary:

it’s only a 1.5 hour flight but we felt transported to a whole new world the moment we got into uber and the dude spoke french/french music was playing

stayed in a sonder for the first time and got ourselves a nice studio apartment in downtown montreal (just like home, but in montreal!). i really liked the extra space/home feeling as opposed to a hotel. loved having en suite laundry, a dishwasher and sunlight in our room! it was walking distance to about half of the things we wanted to do which made it super convenient to just go out, come back home, go out, come back etc. instead of being out the entire day like how we used to do travels

i got credited back $150 for the sonder because i asked for an extra blanket and they could not provide one due to availability

utilized the sonder’s gym and dry and wet sauna

ate very very well: bar george, joe beef, liuyishou, mon lapin (our favorite), poutineville, boustan and was thoroughly impressed by montreal’s food scene and talent

enjoyed the snow and festive feelings of the city. the cold weather over there is much more enjoyable than NYC to me because the city is no where as dense

checked out the pier and went on a lovely ferris wheel ride

mount royal was an amazing “hike”/stair stepping through the snow

got a couples massage at spa diva. the ambiance is the nicest we’ve been to (got to relax in their wellness area and got complimentary tea and chocolate covered strawberries). the massage was just OK - my lady went too hard and my massage was quite painful that i wanted to punch her

watched wakanda forever (cheaper to do so in montreal than NYC lol)

found out that they have yin ji chang fen (our fav chang fen/HK milk tea spot) - got HK milk tea twice

went grocery shopping/pharmacy shopping in person for essentials (this is something we rarely do in NYC because of all the apps available here) and also got local quebec barista milk to drink!

being in downtown montreal, i was pleasantly reminded of how quiet life is outside of NYC haha. no honking, no yelling, people walking at a normal pace. uber drivers were nice, people in the city there were generally nicer/friendlier.

matt is on his day shifts this week and it’s been the easiest/best schedule wise since he started work. there hasn’t been working past 7pm, and he has left at 4pm on multiple occasions so far. this week is his birthday week as well as thanksgiving.

birthday: celebration at bobo nyc. happy hour oysters $1/piece and french food. montreal ruined us with elevating our standards for french food that this meal didn’t taste as amazing haha

thanksgiving: i planned a hangout with T so that we both wouldn’t be alone on thanksgiving day. we initially met at central park, then walked to rockefeller and then to bryant park. the macy’s day parade had just happened. this city is wayyyy too crowded on thanksgiving day and i was happy to retreat back to my studio afterwards. i picked up YJCF for our thanksgiving dinner. we got delicious holiday pies from cafe d’avignon. i got a little bit of holiday blues (i’ll also be spending majority of xmas eve and xmas alone this year) but it was way easier to manage knowing we have “vacation” again soon.

money: we’ve only had 1.5 of matt’s paychecks as of now, the next one is coming in a week. our combined monthly income has doubled since october. i can already see how easy it is to inflate our lifestyle with increased travels/spendings and end up living paycheck to paycheck again. it’s getting easier and easier to spend money and we’re walking that fine line between having fun/enjoying fruits of labor, and almost being irresponsible. it is also compensating for being deprived and having lost time to live during residency. i did say i wanted us to enjoy the first few paychecks but it is also a scary feeling for me as i was never comfortable spending money. it’s time to buckle down and take care of our personal finances and start using spreadsheets again. but, for the first time in my life, i finally felt “fuck, we’re quite rich now” LOL

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formeryelpers · 5 years

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Yin Ji Chang Fen, 227 W Valley Blvd., Ste 118-A, San Gabriel, CA 91776

YJCF is pretty hardcore Chinese. It’s not that the menu is crazy adventurous or anything, but it feels like you’re in China when you’re there (not a bad thing). Everyone there was Chinese. The servers were nice but the service was different. There was a blank slip of paper and a pencil on the table. You’re supposed to put the numbers of what you want on the slip of paper. No one instructs you to do so. Everything on the menu is numbered though. It’s a good way to minimize interaction, reduce language barriers, and reduce wrong orders.

The YJCF is a chain with 30 or so locations in the Guangzhou area. They specialize in rice noodle rolls and congee (yum). There are 16 kinds of rice noodle rolls (plain, $3.25 – most are $5-$6.95/dish) that you can customize with extra meat, extra egg and extra shrimp.

* Shrimp with chives rice noodle roll ($5.95): An order included 3 small rice noodle rolls with medium size shrimp. The rice noodle rolls were the thinnest and silkiest I’ve had. There was nothing gummy about them. I was impressed with the texture of the rolls. The shrimp was tender. I didn’t see chives but they did include some Chinese lettuce. The sweetened soy sauce that they pour on every rice noodle roll order was a bit too salty. The portion was small. It’s a snack. The prices are on the high side for the portion size.

I wanted Hong Kong milk tea but they said they were sold out and recommended honey lemon tea instead.

* Lemon with honey (cold, $2.95): I asked for less sugar, so they only used honey. It was still too sweet for me.

There was a sign saying “Soft opening” and another big Cash Only sign. There was plenty of parking at Hilton Plaza. You can catch up on Chinese news while you eat. Utensils and condiments are kept at each table.

3 out of 5 stars

By Lolia S.

#Yin Ji Chang Fen #rice noodle rolls #congee #jook #Cantonese restaurant #San Gabriel #626 eats #cheung fun

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the-archlich · 4 years

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DW Potential Additions Tier List

So I made some spreadsheets but decided I was putting in too much work so here’s a quick summary.

I was grading on a scale of 1-5. 1 was characters I really don’t htink would add anything good, but who I thought some might suggest (like Cao Zhi, Jia Nanfeng, Pan Zhang, Zhao Guang, Zhang Ren, etc.) 2 is people who could maybe work under very specific circumstances, like a big narrative shift or a lot of related characters being added, or who might be fine but aren’t nearly as good as some other options (like Cheng Yu, Cao Xi, Wu Jing, Mi Zhu, or Gao Gan). These don’t really make the cut for discussion, so if you don’t see a name you’re expecting, I probably put them in one of those tiers for some reason.

Tier 3 are characters who would be fine. Just fine. They either did enough to make themselves noteworthy, or have enough of a connecting to existing narrative and cast that they’d probably add something worthwhile. Not the ones I’d be most excited about, but the ones I couldn’t make too many complaints over.

Tier 4 are great adds. Characters I really want to see, who could really expand the cast in worthwhile ways.

Tier 5 are characters I forget aren’t in these games already because why are they not here?

I’m not going to explain every decision here because I’m sure there will be followup questions. Yes, I’m aware that Jin is overrepresented, because it’s the smallest of the main factions.

TIER 5

Lady Bian (Wei)

Zhang Xiu (Wei; previously Dong Zhuo, Liu Biao)

Zang Ba (Wei, previously Tao Qian, Lü Bu)

Cao Zhen (Wei)

Zhong Yao (Wei)

Xiahou Xuan (Jin)

Xun Yi (Jin)

Chen Tai (Jin)

Guanqiu Jian (Jin)

Wen Qin (Jin)

Yang Huiyu (Jin)

Hu Lie (Jin)

Hu Fen (Jin)

Lady Wu (Wu)

Zhang Zhao (Wu)

Zhuge Jin (Wu)

Lü Ju (Wu)

Zhu Yi (Wu)

Zhuge Ke (Wu)

Zhuge Zhan (Shu)

Jian Yong (Shu)

Zhang Ni (Shu)

Fei Yi (Shu)

Liu Biao (Other: Liu Biao)

TIER 4

Wen Pin (Wei; previously Liu Biao)

Xiahou Shang (Wei)

Cao Hong (Wei)

Jiang Ji (Wei)

Zhu Ling (Wei; previously Yuan Shao)

Dowager Guo (Jin)

Cao Shuang (Jin)

He Yan (Jin)

Pei Xiu (Jin)

Sima Fu (Jin)

Fu Jia/Gu (Jin)

Wang Ji (Jin)

Wang Ling (Jin)

Du Yu (Jin)

Sima (Gaoling) (Jin)

Sima Wang (Jin)

Shi Bao (Jin)

Sun Luban (Wu)

Sun Ben (Wu)

Sun/Yu He (Wu)

Jiang Qin (Wu)

Lü Fan (Wu)

Zhu Huan (Wu)

He Qi (Wu)

Quan Zong/Cong (Wu)

Zhuge Jing (Wu)

Tao Huang (Wu)

Wu Yan (Wu)

Lady Gan (Shu)

Liu Feng (Shu)

Ma Zhong (Shu)

Wang Ping (Shu)

Yuan Tan (Other: Yuan Shao)

Qu Yi (Other: Yuan Shao)

Tadun (Other: Yuan Shao, Wuhuan)

Shen Pei (Other: Yuan Shao)

Xu Rong (Other: Dong Zhuo)

Gao Shun (Other: Dong Zhuo, Lü Bu)

Gongsun Zan (Other: Gongsun Zan)

TIER 3

Cao Rui (Wei)

Guo (Nuwang) (Wei)

Chen Deng (Wei; previously Tao Qian, Lü Bu)

Zhang Changpu (Wei)

Wang Lang (Wei; previously Tao Qian, Liu Yao)

Sima Lang (Wei)

Jia Kui (Wei)

Du Xi (Wei)

Li Tong (Wei)

Cao Zhang (Wei)

Zhao Yan (Wei)

Cao Jie (Wei)

Li Feng (Jin)

Zhong Yu (Jin)

Qin Lang (Jin)

Wang Chang (Jin)

Sima Liang (Jin)

Sima Zhou (Jin)

Sima Jun (Jin)

Yang Hu (Jin)

Sima Yan (Jin)

Wei Guan (Jin)

Zhang Hua (Jin)

Tang Bin (Jin)

Jiang Ban (Jin)

Hu Zun (Jin)

Pan Shu (Wu)

Sun Luyu (Wu)

Sun Jing (Wu)

Sun Yu (Wu)

Sun Jiao (Wu)

Sun Shao (Bohai) (Wu)

Widow Xu (Wu)

Gu Yong (Wu)

Gu Tan (Wu)

Bu Zhi (Wu)

Chen Wu (Wu)

Dong Xi (Wu)

Zhu Zhi (Wu)

Zhu/Shi Ji (Wu)

Yu Fan (Wu; previously Liu Yao)

Lu Kang (Wu)

Lü Dai (Wu)

Pan Jun (Wu; previously Liu Biao, Shu)

Lu Kai (Wu)

Teng Yin (Wu)

Sun Jun (Wu)

Zhang Ti (Wu)

Wu Yi (Shu; previously Liu Zhang)

Wu Ban (Shu; previously Liu Zhang)

Zhang Shao (Shu)

Lady Ma (Shu; previously Liang Warlords)

Mi Fang (Shu; previously Tao Qian)

Lady Mi (Shu; previously Tao Qian)

Dong Yun (Shu)

Ma Liang (Shu)

Ma Su (Shu)

Chen Zhi (Shu; previously Liu Zhang)

Huo Jun (Shu; previously Liu Biao)

Huo Yi (Shu)

Luo Xian (Shu)

Yang Yi (Shu)

Li Hui (Shu; previously Liu Zhang)

Jiang Wan (Shu)

Deng Zhi (Shu)

Zhang Yi (Bogong) (Shu)

Liao Hua (Shu)

Lady Liu (Other: Yuan Shao)

Yuan Shang (Other: Yuan Shao)

Tian Feng (Other: Yuan Shao)

Ju Shou (Other: Yuan Shao)

Li Jue (Other: Dong Zhuo)

Cai Yong (Other: Dong Zhuo)

Liu Qi (Other: Liu Biao)

Cai Mao (Other: Liu Biao)

Lady Cai (Other: Liu Biao)

Kuai Yue (Other: Liu Biao)

Huang Zu (Other: Liu Biao)

Gongsun Yuan (Other: Yan)

Yong Kai (Other: Nanman)

Gaoding (Other: Nanman)

Liuzhou (Other: Nanman)

Liu Yao (Other: Liu Yao)

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chinesetong-china · 4 years

Video

Learn Chinese in Chinese stories｜Chinese legends｜Kuā Fù Zhuī Rì

In Chinese "Yue岳" means mountain . There are five famous mountains in China ,which are located in the north, south, east, west and middle of the land. There are many legends about the origin of the Five Mountains, the most popular is that the Five mountains were the huge stones used by a giant called Kua Fu to put the pot for cooking when he was chasing after the Sun.This video is about the legend ‘ Kuafu Zhui Ri’ and relative Chinese culture.

岳’在中文里是高山的意思，在中国有‘五岳’的说法，他们分别位于中国东西南北中。

关于‘五岳’的由来有很多传说，其中一种说法是这‘五岳’是一个叫夸父的巨人当年追日的时候架锅煮饭用的五块巨石。这个视频是关于‘夸父追日’的故事及汉语文化介绍。

CONTENT

Kuā Fù Zhuī Rì

夸父追日

Kuafu’s chasing after the sun

Yuan gu shi hou ,zai bei fang you zuo gao shan jiao cheng du zai tian shan

远古时候，在北方有座高山叫成都载天山

In ancient times, there was a high mountain in the north of China called Chengdu Zaitianshan

Zai tian shan shen chu sheng huo zhe yi ge ju ren bu luo

载天山深处生活着一个巨人部落

In the deep of Zaitian mountain ,there was a Giant tribe

Ta men de shou ling jiao kua fu

他们的首领名叫做夸父

Their leader was called Kuafu

Kua fu shen qiang li zhuang ,yi zhi jian qiang

夸父身强力壮，意志坚强

Kuafu was powerful and strong - willed

Ta dai ling zhe zu ren guo zhe qin lao de ri zi

他带领着族人过着勤劳的日子

He led his people live a hard life

Na shi da di huang ling ,du wu meng shou heng xing

那时大地荒凉，毒物猛兽横行

Then the land was desolate and infested with poison beasts

Te bie dao le wan shang tai yang xia shan le ,da di chong hui hei an

特别到了晚上太阳下山了，大地重回黑暗

Especially at night when the sun goes down and the earth become dark

Du she meng shou chu lai xi ji ren lei

毒蛇猛兽出来袭击人类

The vipers and beasts attacked humans

Kua fu de bu luo yin ci si le hen duo ren

夸父的部落因此死了很多人

In Kuafu’ tribe, many people lost lives

Kua fu fei chang nan guo

夸父非常难过

Kua fu felt very sad

Ta yao qu zhuo zhu tai yang

他要去捉住太阳

He wanted to catch the Sun

Rang da jia guo shang zhi you guang ming mei you hei an de ri zi

让大家过上只有光明没有黑暗的日子

Let the people live a life with light and without darkness

Yu shi dang tai yang gang gang sheng qi de shi hou

于是当太阳刚刚升起的时候

So when the sun had just risen

Kua fu gao bie le zu ren qu zhui gan tai yang

夸父告别了族人去追赶太阳

Kuafu said goodbye to his people and went after the sun

Tai yang zai kong zhong fei kuai de yi dong

太阳在空中飞快地移动

The Sun moved fast in the sky

Kua fu zai di shang pin ming de zhui gan

夸父在地上拼命追赶

Kua fu run after it on the earth at top speed

Ta yve guo yi zuo zuo da shan

他越过一座座大山

He crossed many mountains

Kua guo yi tiao tiao he liu

跨过一条条河流

crossed many mountains

Kun le jiu da ge dun

困了就打个盹

When sleepy just taken a nap

E le jiu chi dian ye guo chong ji

饿了就吃点野果充饥

When hungry just eaten some wide fruits

You shi kua fu ye zhu dian fan

有时夸父也煮点饭

Sometimes Kuafu cooked something

Ju shuo xian zai de wu yve jiu shi kua fan dang nian jia guo zhu fan yong de ju shi

据说现在的五岳就是夸父当年架锅煮饭用的巨石

It is said that the Five Mountains were the huge stones used by Kua Fu to put the pot when cooked

Kua fu li tai yang yve lai yve jin

夸父离太阳越来越近

Kua fu was getting closer to the Sun

Ta jue de yve lai yve ke

他觉得越来越渴

He felt more and more thirsty

Kua fu xiang qi le zu ren hai zai ku nan zhong

夸父想起了族人还在苦难中

Kua fu remembered his people were still suffering

Ta jue ding ji xu zhui gan tai yang

他决定继续追赶太阳

He decided to keep chasing the sun

Jing guo jiu tian jiu ye kua fu zhong yu zhui shang le tai yang

经过九天九夜夸父终于追上了太阳

After nine days and nine nights, Kuafu finally caught up with the sun

Kua fu xiang qu zhuo zhu tai yang

夸父想去捉住太阳

Kua fu wanted to catch the Sun

Ke shi tai yang tai zhi re le

可是太阳太炙热了

But the Sun is too hot

Rang kua fu you ke you lei

让夸父又渴又累

Make Kua fu too thirsty and too tired

Kua fu gan le wei he he huang he shui hai bu jie ke

夸父喝干了渭河和黄河水还不解渴

Kua fu drank all the Weihe River and Yellow River water but still felt thirsty 喝完了

Ta jue ding qu bei fang da ze he shui

他决定去北方大泽喝水

He want to go to Daze in the north and drink water

Zai qu da ze de lu shang kua fu yong yuan de dao xia le

在去大泽的路上，夸父永远地倒下了

On the way to Daze, my father fell down forever

Lin si de shi hou kua fu qian gua zhe zi ji de zu ren

临死的时候夸父牵挂着自己的族人

When he died, he missed his people

Ta fen li jiang shou zhong de mu zhang tou xiang lai shi de fang xiang

他奋力将手中的木杖投向来时的方向

He strove to throw his stick to the direction of his hometown

Hou lai zai mu zhang diao luo de di fang sheng zhang chu le da pian tao lin

后来在木杖掉落的地方生长出大片桃林

Later at the place where the stick fell down growing large peach forests

...

KEYPOINTS

Zhuī

追chase after; run after; trace;

E. g. kuā fù zhuī rì 夸父追日Kuafu is chasing after the Sun

饿 hungry

E.g.Kuā fù jué de è le夸父觉得饿了 Kua fu felt hungry

Kùn

困 sleepy

E. g. Kuā fù kùn le jiù dǎ gè dǔn 夸父困了就打个盹

Kua fu felt sleepy and took a nap

Rè

热 hot

E. g. tài yáng tài zhì rè le 太阳太炙热了 The Sun is too hot

Kuā fù jué de tài rè le夸父觉得太热了 Kua fu felt too hot

Kě

渴 thirsty

Kǒu kě 口渴

Yvè lái yvè

越来越 more and more

E.g. Kuā fù jué de yvè lái yvè kě le 夸父觉得越来越渴了 Kua fu felt more and more thirsty

Yvè

岳 high mountain

Wǔ yvè

五岳

the Five Mountains (Taishan Mountain 泰山 in Shandong, Hengshan Mountain 衡山 in Hunan, Huashan Mountain 华山 in Shanxi, Hengshan Mountain 恒山 in Shanxi and Songshan Mountain 嵩山 in Henan)

Jù shuō xiàn zài de wǔ yvè jiù shì kuā fù dāng nián jià guō zhǔ fàn yòng de jù shí

据说现在中国的五岳就是夸父当年架锅煮饭用的巨石

It is said that the Five Mountains were the huge stones used by Kua Fu to put the pot when cooking

Yvè fù

岳父 wife's father

Kě néng shì biǎo shì yī zhǒng zūn jìng ,zhōng guó rén xǐ huān chēng zhàng rén wéi’yvè fù ‘ huò ‘lǎo tài shān ‘ .可能是表示一种尊敬，中国人喜欢称丈人为‘岳父’或‘老泰山’

May be a sign of respect, the Chinese like to call the father-in-law's ‘ yve fu’ or ‘ lao tai shan ‘ .

.......

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spazoutloud · 5 years

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Had dinner in Chinatown Thursday evening. This place is usually packed with at least a 20 min wait. We were the 3rd table there. We sat there for some time after our meal. The place did fill up eventually. When we paid our bill we left a 20+% tip. Gotta help out where we can. . #spazoutloud #freelanceartist #photography #cinematography #art #chinatown #newyorkcity #manhattan #food #coronavirus #covid19 #economy #asianamerican #yinjichangfen #ricenoodles #congee (at 紐約銀記腸粉 Yin Ji Chang Fen) https://www.instagram.com/p/B9uI99HjclY/?igshid=uoc1bxx5xzc3

#spazoutloud #freelanceartist #photography #cinematography #art #chinatown #newyorkcity #manhattan #food #coronavirus #covid19 #economy #asianamerican #yinjichangfen #ricenoodles #congee

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stenoodie · 7 years

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Rice Noodle Rolls and Congee at Yin Ji Chang Fen!

Rice Noodle Rolls and Congee at Yin Ji Chang Fen! #ricenoodlerolls #notasgoodasSams #congee

Yin Ji Chang Fen located at 7010 Warden Ave, Unit #17-18 in Markham

November 11, 2017: Yesterday, we went to Yin Ji Chang Fen for their rice noodle rolls and congee. This is a restaurant that has been popping up on my Instagram feed since it opened sometime last year. It’s a franchise that grew out of a well-known restaurant in China for their delicious rice noodle rolls.

My mom and I arrived…

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brownbugz · 3 years

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Dim Sum! (at Yin Ji Chang Fen) https://www.instagram.com/p/CXz62XELUT9/?utm_medium=tumblr

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newstinxahoi · 5 years

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Ngành du lịch New York cũng lao đao vì dịch bệnh

Mỹ New York và các điểm du lịch khác trên khắp thế giới đang phải đối mặt với nhu cầu giảm về phòng khách sạn và nhà hàng vì virus corona.

Don Chan, chủ một công ty chuyên tổ chức tham quan bằng xe buýt bằng tiếng Hoa đến các điểm ở Manhattan nhận 300 vụ hủy tour từ khách Trung Quốc, những người không thể đến New York trong tuần này. Hiện mỗi ngày, tour của ông chỉ có 10 đến 20 khách, so với 30 đến 40 như năm ngoái.

Bruce Zhu, chủ của China Tour Travel Services ở Flushing, Queens, đã đặt phòng khách sạn và sắp xếp tour cho 200 khách Trung Quốc trong hai tuần tới. Giờ thì khách không thể đến.

"Đó là vấn đề lớn", Zhu nói. "Chúng tôi phải hủy đặt phòng, hủy khách sạn. Chúng tôi mất rất nhiều tiền cho đặt phòng", ông đang tính sa thải hai trong số năm nhân viên của mình sau một tháng nữa, nếu tình hình không cải thiện.

Trong khi các quan chức y tế đang vật lộn để đối phó với dịch bệnh lan rộng khắp thế giới, các công ty lữ hành và đại lý du lịch ở New York cũng phải đối mặt việc thất thu vì phòng khách sạn và xe bỏ trống.

Nhiều con đường thưa vắng trong khu Phố Tàu ở Manhattan. Ảnh: NYT

"Nó sẽ là một gánh nặng tài chính nghiêm trọng", Elizabeth Chin tại hãng du lịch Fort Lee, kiêm chủ tịch chi hội New York của Hiệp hội Du lịch châu Á Thái Bình Dương, nhận định. "Các chuyến bay bị hủy bỏ. Các tour cũng thế", bà nói.

Các quan chức y tế ở New York kêu gọi mọi người không nên hoảng sợ nhưng 3 khu Phố Tàu lớn ở Lower Manhattan; Flushing (Queens) và Sunset Park (Brooklyn) đều bị ảnh hưởng không nhỏ. Tại các nhà hàng khu Phố Tàu thuộc Manhattan, nhân viên và chủ sở hữu cho biết kinh doanh đã giảm 50 đến 70% trong 10 ngày qua.

Với New York, Trung Quốc là nguồn khách du lịch lớn thứ hai, chỉ sau Anh. Tính cả nước Mỹ, Trung Quốc là nguồn khách nước ngoài lớn thứ ba năm 2018, theo Hiệp hội Du lịch Mỹ. Trong đó, New York là điểm đến hàng đầu, tiếp theo là Los Angeles.

Tại văn phòng Universal Vision in Flushing, nơi bán tour tham quan Manhattan và thác Niagara hàng ngày, nhân viên cho biết không có đủ khách để lấp đầy những chiếc xe minivan và xe buýt của công ty. Một nhân viên nói hôm thứ hai rằng họ đã xử lý hủy cho 200 đến 300 khách hủy tour tuần này.

Các khách sạn quen thuộc với các công ty lữ hành và đại lý du lịch Trung Quốc cũng cảm thấy khó khăn. Quản lý của Best Western Queens Court ở Flushing cho biết việc hủy phòng đã bắt đầu trước khi có hạn chế đi lại, làm giảm kinh doanh 25% trong hai tuần cuối tháng 1/2020.

Tourism Economics, hãng nghiên cứu du lịch, dự đoán lượng khách Trung Quốc đến Mỹ năm nay giảm 28% và chi tiêu ít hơn 5,8 tỷ USD. STR, một công ty nghiên cứu khác, cho rằng 2020 sẽ là năm không tăng trưởng của các khách sạn tại Mỹ về doanh thu trên mỗi phòng có sẵn. Dự đoán đó được đưa ra sau 9 năm tăng trưởng tương đối mạnh mẽ.

Lượng khách vốn không phải người Trung Quốc đến thăm Phố Tàu khá ít nên không thể thay thế được. Ảnh: NYT

"Không bao giờ là thời điểm tốt cho những thứ như virus corona", Carter Wilson, Phó chủ tịch cấp cao về tư vấn và phân tích của STR nói "ngành công nghiệp khách sạn của Mỹ hiện dễ bị tổn thương hơn so với 3-4 năm trước".

Sean F. Hennessey, chuyên gia tại Đại học New York cho biết tác động kinh tế của nCoV với New York có thể sẽ lớn hơn dịch SARS. Vì vào năm 2003, Trung Quốc chiếm chưa đến 2% khách nước ngoài của thành phố. Nhưng giờ thì khác.

"Không chỉ khách Trung Quốc ngày càng nhiều mà họ còn là một trong những khách mang lại lợi nhuận nhất, cho ngành khách sạn và cho toàn thành phố. Họ ở lại lâu hơn và họ có xu hướng tiêu nhiều hơn", ông nói.

Giờ đây, ở khu Manhattan, Steve Ip, quản lý của Yin Ji Chang Fen, một nhà hàng trên phố Bayard, cho biết việc kinh doanh đã giảm 50%. Andy Wang, quản lý của nhà hàng Taiwan Pork Chop House trên phố Doyers thì nói ông dự trữ nguyên liệu trong nhà bếp ít hơn vì khách thưa hơn.

Phiên An (theo The New York Times)

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freakoutzz · 5 years

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Change fen. The one in Toronto is better, but this place is good too. But unless you like waiting in line then I don’t suggest this place. If you are heading to Toronto then this place is a must. (at 紐約銀記腸粉 Yin Ji Chang Fen) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3Fal6-ngSEzZye9As35OumzH4D15EimmtWIUY0/?igshid=sm1ht20e56xj

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wyled-c · 5 years

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@yinjichangfen_nyc is a new restaurant in Chinatown! Check out their rice noodle rolls, like this roast pork one! (at 紐約銀記腸粉 Yin Ji Chang Fen) https://www.instagram.com/p/B2aJb8UFZqF/?igshid=1bh4prcng399

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bookofjin · 7 years

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Biography of Sima Lun, Part 2

[From JS059. I had not expected it to be so ... well, you can read for yourself.]

Lun was plain and less than ordinary, without knowledge and plans, and repeatedly granted authority to Xiu. Xiu's power and domination bestirred the imperial court. Under Heaven all served Xiu and made no requests to Lun. Xiu rose from a minor scribe in Langye, amassed to office in Zhao state, and used toadying and flattery to reach his goals. When he had carried out the balancing of the opportunity [?], he thereupon indulged his treacherous plans, killing many loyal and good, to thereby show off his private desires.

The Assistant Officer to the Minister of Retainers, You Hao had a grudge with Yin Hun. Hun lured Hao's slave Jin Xing, to falsely reported Hao had disloyal aspirations. Xiu did not thoroughly investigate, but arrested Hao and the Central Corrector of Xiangyang, Li Mai, and killed them. He greatly entertained Jin Xing, and used him as controller of his private troops. The Forward Commandant of Guards, Shi Chong [JS033], and the Gentleman of the Yellow Gates, Pan Yue [JS055] both were dissatisfied with Xiu. Both were executed. And so the lordly men of the capital district were unhappy in their lives.

The King of Huainan, Yun, and the King of Qi, Jiong, since Jiong and Xiu were haughty and presumptuous, within their breasts were not at peace. Xiu and others likewise were very envious of them. They therefore sent out Jiong to headquarter at Xu, and took away Yun's protective army [?]. Yun set out [?] in anger and raised troops to punish Lun. When Yun had been defeated and wiped out, Lun was promoted to the Nine Bestowments, and added to his fief 50 000 households. Lun falsely was pretending to yield, a decree dispatched the hundred officials to go to his office and earnestly. The Palace Attendants circulated the decree, and afterwards transmitted it.

He promoted Kua to General who Consoles the Army, General who Leads the Army; Fu to General of the Garrison Army and Acting as General who Protects the Army; Qian as General of the Army of the Centre, Acting as General of the Guards of the Left; Xu to be Palace Attendant. He also used Sun Xiu as Palace Attendant, General who Assists the State and Marshal to the Chancellor of State, Leader of the Right as before. Zhang Lin and others all were put in strategic posts.

He increased the troops of the Chancellor's Office to be 20 000, similar to the imperial guard. He also secretly hid soldiers and troops, the multitude exceeding 30 000. He erected at the eastern palace's three gates and four corners flowery oars [?], cutting off the road east and west of the palace to have an outside patrol Someone spoke to Xiu, saying:

The Cavalier in Regular Attendance Yang Zhun and the Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gates Liu Kui desire to serve the King of Liang, Rong to thereby execute Lun.

There happened to be a change in the stars. He therefore moved Rong to be Imperial Chancellor, residing in the office of the Minister over the Masses. He shifted Zhun and Kui to be outer officials.

Lun was without learning and did not know books. Xiu likewise, due to his mean talents for cunning and deceit, was covetous, excessive, and eager for profit. They were together in setting up affairs, both were followers of perverse flattery [?]. They only contended for honour and profit, without deep plans or profound schemes. Kua was shallow, shabby, coarse and crude. Fu and Qian were ignorant, fractious, stubborn and unmanageable. Xu was foolish, talkative, light-weight and tumultuous. Yet they all were exceptionally shrewd, and mutually detested and slandered each other.

Xiu's son Hui, 20 years old, became Colonel who Shoots at Sound. He wed the Emperor's daughter, the Princess of Hedong. Mourning for the Princess's mother had not yet been set, [he?] expediently accepted the engagement rites. Hui in body appeared lacking and crude, beneath that of a slave [?]. Earlier he had sold horses to sons of rich families west of the city [?]. The hundred families soon heard of him wedding the Princess, and could not but be shocked and alarmed. [The Princess of Hedong's mother was a certain Jia Nanfeng.]

Lun and Xiu were both mislead by shamans and ghosts, and listened to advise from the bewitching and evil. Xiu made the Serrated Gates [guard?] Zhao Feng pretend to be Emperor Xuan's spiritual voice, and instructed to soon enter the Western Palace [become emperor]. He also said Emperor Xuan at Beimang was assisting and aiding the King of Zhao, and hence separately set up a temple for Emperor Xuan at Mount Mang. [He?] talked of the rebellious plan being possible to complete [?].

Used the Supervisor of Affairs for the Heir-Apparent, Pei Shao, the General of the Army of the Left, Bian Cui, and others, 20 people, as Assistant Officer Palace Gentlemen; with subordinate staff also of 20 people. Xiu and others parcelled off [?] the various armies, dispersing belly and heart.

They made the Cavalier in Regular Attendance, the King of Yiyang, Wei double as [?] Palace Attendant, setting out to receive decrees and instructions, falsely making a decree of abdication. They sent the Envoy Holding the Tally, the Prefect of the Masters of Writing Man Fen, and the Supervisor, Cui Sui, as assistants, to receive the imperial signet and ribbon of the August Emperor thereby abdicating the throne to Lun. Lun feigned yielding and did not accept. Hence the various kings of the imperial clan and the crowd of excellencies and ministers spoke of auspicious signs and astronomy to accordingly recommend him to advance. Lun therefore accepted it. The [General of?] the Guards of the Left, Wang Yu, with the [General of the] Army of the Front, Sima Ya, led armoured soldiers to enter the hall, explained [?] to the Marshals of the Three Sections, displaying accordingly power and rewards. None dared to disobey.

That night, they sent Zhang Lin others to garrison and defend the various gates. The King of Yiyang, Wei, Luo Xiu and others pressured and took by force the Son of Heaven's imperial signet and ribbon. The drip of the night [clock] was not yet exhausted, when inside and outside the hundred officials used the imperial carriage and regulated cart to welcome Lun.

Emperor Hui drove the Cloud Mother Chariot [?], with an honour escort of several hundred people, and from the Western Gate of the Flowery Forest set out to reside in Jingyong fort. The Master of Writing, He Yu the Combined Palace attendant and Cavalier in Regular Attendance, the King of Langye, Rui, and the Attendant Gentleman of the Palace Writers, Lu Ji [JS054], followed, arriving at the fort and then turned around. They made Zhang Heng guard the Emperor, utterly secluding him.

Lun, accompanied by 5 000 troops, entered the main gate himself, and climbed the Grand Utmost Hall. Man Fen, Cui Sui and Yue Guang advanced with the imperial signet and ribbon to Lun. He then usurped the rank of Emperor. There was a great amnesty, and changed the inaugural to Jianshi [“Establishing Beginnings”].

That year, for Virtuous and Good, Square and Proper, Straight Speaking, Flowery Talent, Filial and Upright, and Good Commander, none were examined. They planned for magistrates to reach the four regions and sent instructions for those being in the capital district [?]. [Those] in the Grand School 16 and above, or in school for 20 years, all were appointed magistrates. The commanderies and counties' 2 000 shi, Prefects, Chiefs and those who had resigned [?], all were enfeoffed as marquises. The commanderies' mainstays and guidelines became Filial and Upright. The counties' mainstays and guidelines became Upright and Loyal.

Used the Heir Kua, as Heir-Apparent; Fu as Palace Attendant, Great Minister of Agriculture, Acting Army-Protector and King of Jingzhao; Qian as Palace Attendant, Great General Leading the Army and King of GuangPing; Xu as Palace Attendant, General who Assists the Army and King of Bacheng; Sun Xiu as Palace Attendant, Overseer of the Palace Writers, General of Agile Cavalry, Same Ceremonies as the Three Ministers. Zhang Lin and others of the various factions all climbed to be ministers and generals, and were also ranked among the great fiefs. The remainder of the co-conspirators all leaped up in ranks out of sequence, not possible to describe them all. Arriving at the slave soldiers, they for their service likewise were promoted accordingly in rank and position.

At every morning assembly, sable-tails and cicada wings overflowed the seats. At the time people were saying of their appearance [?]: “[If there] are not enough sables, continue with dog tails.” [?]

Yet since caution moreover their favour defeated the happiness among the people's feelings [?], storages of the offices and armouries were not filled for bestowals, gold and silver melted and cast were not given for stamping. For that reason there was marquises of white tablets [?], lordly men in shame yielded to their compositions [?], the hundred families likewise knew it would not last.

Lun personally sacrificed at the Grand Temple. Returning, there happened to be a great wind. A whirlwind broke off the flag and cover. Sun Xiu had already set up affairs of the irregular. Lun respected and esteemed him. Xiu lived within the office where Emperor Wen had resided in his time as Chancellor of State. In affairs there was no great and small, he had to be consulted and then they were carried out. [As for] Lun's decrees and orders, Xiu always changed and altered them, had them taken by force, and from books with green paper made decrees. Those sometimes acted on in the morning and changed in the night numbered four [?]. The hundred officials shifted easily and moved with the flow.

At the time there was a pheasant which entered within the halls, and from the eastern stairs of the Grand Utmost went up the hall. They drove it away, it further flew to beneath the western bell. After a moment it flew away. Again when Lun was above the hall he obtained a strange bird, nobody asked knew its name. When the day turned towards evening, west of the palace there was a small boy in white clothes who said this was precisely the Liu bird [?]. Lun sent to record the small boy and together with the bird shut them in and put them the prison room. At daylight when they opened for inspection, the door was like before, but both boy and bird were missing from the place. Above Lun's eye there was a tumour [liu], at the time it was considered to be the strange bird.

At the time the King of Qi, Jiong, the King of Hejian, Yong, and the King of Chengdu, Ying, each embraced stubborn troops, each occupying a single region. Xiu knew Jiong and the others surely had different plans, and therefore selected from his person fraction members and Lun's old magistrates to be aides and assistants to the three kings and as commandery wardens.

Xiu originally had a grudge with Zhang Lin. Although on the outside they pushed each other forward in honour, on the inside he truly hated him. When Lin became General of Guards, he deeply resented not obtaining [the honour of] Opening Office. He secretly sent a note to Kua, drawing up advice that Xiu was monopolizing authority, his actions were going against the hearts of the multitudes, the meritorious subjects were all small men, he disturbed and made chaos in the imperial court, and insisted on a single time [?] to execute him. Kua used the letter to report to Lun, and Lun accordingly showed it to Xiu. Xiu recommended Lun to execute Lin, and Lun followed it. And so he requested the imperial clan to assemble in the Flowery Forest Park, and summoned Lin, Xiu and Wang Yu to enter. In that way he seized Lin and killed him, and executed his three kindred.

[Presumably, since Zhang Lin was General of Guards it was too risky just to order him executed.]

#js059 #sima lun

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the-archlich · 7 years

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In Defense of Zhong

Yuan Shu’s name has become synonymous with arrogance, and with good reason. In 197 he arbitrarily declared himself the first emperor of the newly-created Zhong Dynasty. This was certainly the epitome of his foolishness and is often regarded as one of the single worst decisions made by any leader of the age. The course of historical events provides more than sufficient evidence to support this perspective. It gave Yuan Shu’s faltering allies, ambitious subordinates, and demoralized soldiers ample justification to turn against him. In one stroke, Yuan Shu’s arrogance stripped him of all true power, relegating him to an ineffectual petty tyrant for the brief remainder of his life. With the perspective of hindsight, it’s easy to see Yuan Shu’s decision for the colossal blunder that it was.

But without that knowledge of history, do Yuan Shu’s actions really seem so unreasonable? Let’s look at Yuan Shu’s situation from a different perspective and, perhaps, reevaluate our opinions.

The mere fact that Yuan Shu went so far as to declare himself an emperor is often treated with ridicule and incredulity. It shouldn’t be. A number of different men attempted to establish themselves as false emperors during Yuan Shu’s lifetime, even before Han’s implosion in 189.

In the final months of 172, there was a rebellion led by a man calling himself Xu Chang. Based in Juzhang in Kuaiji, Xu Chang declared himself Emperor of Yangming. Yang’s provincial inspector Zang Min and Administrator of Danyang Chen Yin led a large army in campaign against him. Xu Chang was finally defeated and killed late in 174, two full years after naming himself emperor. (The young Sun Jian fought against Xu Chang’s rebellion, and his distinguished service sparked his formal career.)

Around autumn of 187, another false emperor arose. Zhang Chun and his countryman Zhang Ju, both of Yuyang, revolted against Han. They joined forces with the Wuhuan chieftain Qiuliju and commenced raids all across the north, killing a number of significant officials. Zhang Ju named himself emperor, with his base at Feiru. The frontier general Gongsun Zan was tasked with quelling this rebellion (with assistance from Liu Bei), but although he had some initial success he was ultimately unsuccessful. The matter was only resolved in 189, when the new Inspector of You Liu Yu persuaded Qiuliju to turn on the false emperor and his general.

In 188, the Inspector of Ji Wang Fen engaged in a conspiracy to replace Emperor Ling. He intended to kidnap Emperor Ling, kill the palace eunuchs, and place the emperor’s distant relative, an unnamed Marquis of Hefei, on the throne. This plot never came to fruition, and when Wang Fen’s plans were discovered, he killed himself.

September of 189 saw a successful effort to replace the emperor. After Emperor Ling died, factions within the court vied for power. He Jin supported Emperor Ling’s eldest son, Liu Bian, while his rivals attempted to install Emperor Ling’s younger son Liu Xie. After Dong Zhuo took over the court, he deposed Liu Bian in favor of Liu Xie and executed the former emperor soon afterwards.

In 191, Yuan Shu’s colleagues in the eastern coalition attempted to establish Liu Yu as emperor in opposition to Liu Xie. Yuan Shu himself opposed this plan, though his objections were disregarded. For better or worse, Liu Yu himself rejected the proposal, so nothing came of it.

193 saw one more false emperor. Que Xuan of Xiapi led a a bandit force in western Xu province, raiding Yan with Tao Qian’s blessings. In 193, he named himself an emperor. This prompted Tao Qian to break with Que Xuan and kill him.

In addition to these formal false emperors, some of Yuan Shu’s colleagues suggested imperial ambitions of their own. Both Liu Yan and Liu Biao - warlords of Yi and Jing - were criticized for copying certain elements of the imperial regalia for their own use. While they never sent so far as to claim thrones of their own, their actions suggested that it was not outside the realm of their ambitions. And this is to say nothing of the various rebels and warlords who named themselves kings and claimed other imperial prerogatives.

Yuan Shu’s decision to make himself an emperor is not unique. Attempts to set up a rival dynasty had been made repeatedly during Yuan Shu’s lifetime, and with increasing frequency as Han crumbled. What makes Yuan Shao’s case special is not that he acted on such ambitions - it was that of all these would-be dynastic founders, he alone had some ability to enforce his claim. Xu Chang and Zhang Ju both held influence over fringes of the empire, far away from any real centers of power. They presented no significant challenge to Han’s authority. Yuan Shao, commanding a seasoned army and holding territory within striking distance of the capital, had a very real chance of overthrowing the Han emperor.

Yuan Shu’s ascension to his own throne also makes more sense when viewed within the context of the complex network of shifting alliances that dominated the politics of the land. From 189-191, central China was dominated by warfare between two factions: the Han forces under Dong Zhuo and the coalition against him led by Yuan Shao. This situation was dramatically changed by the end of 191. Dong Zhuo had been driven into Chang’an through the efforts of Yuan Shu’s general Sun Jian. This removed Dong Zhuo as an immediate threat and greatly enhanced Yuan Shu’s prestige. Without the pressure of Dong Zhuo keeping the coalition together, Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu went to war.

Yuan Shao controlled Ji province, and the officials of Yan (eventually ruled by Cao Cao) and Qing acted as his subordinates, acknowledging him as their superior. He was also allied on more or less equal terms with Liu Biao in Jing. To combat this threat, Yuan Shu aligned himself with Gongsun Zan in You and Tao Qian in Xu. From 191-196, the two hegemonies competed for power in the heartland of the fragmented empire. During the early fighting, Yuan Shu’s faction gained the upper hand, but this advantage did not last.

By 196, the tide had turned against Yuan Shu’s hegemony. Gongsun Zan was driven out of You and forced into a defensive stance at Yi in Hejian. Tao Qian was dead and his successor Liu Bei had no ties or loyalty to Yuan Shu. Yuan Shao’s personal control stretched across all the north, encompassing You, Bing, Ji, and Qing. Cao Cao controlled Yan, as well as portions of Sili and Yu. Liu Biao was firmly entrenched in Jing. Yuan Shu had recently enjoyed an expansion into southern Yang province, via his general Sun Ce, but he was very much on the defensive. Midway through 196, Cao Cao came into possession of the Han emperor, which greatly enhanced his cause. He named Yuan Shao Grand General and formalized his control over the northern provinces, while Cao Cao himself acted with the full authority of the emperor.

In the face of this overwhelming threat, Yuan Shu’s attempt to establish himself as an emperor is, once again, not so strange. Yuan Shu was bereft of allies and driven into a corner. He needed some way to turn the tide of the war and a way to push back against the authority that possession of the Han emperor gave Cao Cao. Trying to make himself an emperor in his own right was certainly a desperate move, but Yuan Shu’s situation was a desperate one.

Yuan Shu’s situation was not so different from those of Liu Bei and Sun Quan two decades later. When Cao Pi dethroned Liu Xie and made himself Emperor of Wei, both men were obliged to take imperial titles for themselves in order to keep pace. When Cao Cao unexpectedly gained the benefit of imperial authority, Yuan Shu needed to respond in kind, just as the coalition attempted to do with Liu Yu during the conflict with Dong Zhuo. Lacking a suitable puppet, taking the title for himself was perhaps the only option.

The principal reason Yuan Shu’s scheme seems so laughable to a modern observer is how quickly and disastrously it ended. Naming himself Emperor of Zhong provided Yuan Shu’s allies and subordinates a chance to forsake him on the grounds of Han loyalty, and they did so in droves. This maneuver cost Yuan Shu the bulk of his territory and he was never able to regain what he once had. Although such mass desertions now seem inevitable, perhaps it shouldn’t be so surprising that Yuan Shu so badly misjudged his own strength and the loyalty of his men.

At the time of his ascension, Yuan Shu’s military ambitions were focused on Xu and Yang provinces. While he had some ultimate aims to reclaim the portions of Yu lost to Cao Cao, his immediate objectives were expansion north and south. In both of these theatres, an expectation of success was not unreasonable.

Until 195, Xu province was in the hands of Yuan Shu’s ally Tao Qian. Although Tao Qian left control of the province Liu Bei, Liu Bei’s own comments on the matter show that there was a strong current of support in Yuan Shu’s favor. Within Xu, the sentiment that Yuan Shu should be master of the province was well established. Not long after Liu Bei succeeded Tao Qian, Yuan Shu named himself Lord of Xu and sent forces to claim the province. Understandably, Liu Bei refused to relinquish power, so conflict ensued.

During his war with Liu Bei, Yuan Shu gained the upper hand through subversion and subterfuge. Lü Bu and his vagabond army had recently come under Liu Bei’s patronage, so Yuan Shu persuaded Lü Bu to strike Liu Bei from behind while the bulk of his forces were engaged against Yuan Shu in southern Xu. Liu Bei lost control of the province and was forced to submit to Lü Bu. Yuan Shu expected that Lü Bu would kneel to him, but he misjudged the situation. Lü Bu refused to cede control to Yuan Shu. After a failed attempt to assassinate Lü Bu, Yuan Shu agreed to an alliance instead.

Yuan Shao’s idea that he could overcome Lü Bu through military force or shunt him into a subordinate position was not entirely the fantasies of arrogance. Lü Bu himself, though a valiant fighter, had a poor record as a commander. And the independence exercised by Xu’s commandery heads under his rule suggest that Lü Bu enjoyed only limited control beyond his base in Xiapi. Given that there was a friendly sentiment towards Yuan Shu among the officials of Xu province, it wasn’t unreasonable for Yuan Shu to believe he could exert control over Lü Bu, through force or negotiation. The two had a tumultuous relationship filled with shifting alliances and broken promises. However, Lü Bu was ultimately the only one of Yuan Shu’s allies to return to his side after he declared himself Emperor of Zhong. Yuan Shu’s idea that he could control Lü Bu and, by extension, Xu province, was no simple delusion.

The most critical factor in Zhong’s failure, though, was the loss of the Sun group. In 193, Yuan Shu sent Sun Ben to take control of Danyang and expand his sphere of control south of the Yangzi. They soon ran into opposition from Liu Yao, appointed as inspector by Li Jue’s regime in Chang’an. Sun Ben was nearly driven out of Danyang by the end of 194, and efforts to reestablish his position met with no success. In 195, the young Sun Ce took command of the family forces. He quickly defeated Liu Yao, driving him out of Danyang and into Yuzhang commandery. Over the next year, he expanded into Wu and Kuaiji, giving Yuan Shu a wide swath of territory in the south.

Yuan Shu began discussing his plans in 196, to which Sun Ce voiced his objections. When Yuan Shu named himself Emperor of Zhong in 197, Sun Ce broke off from him. Guarding the strategic crossings of the Yangzi, he cut himself off completely from Yuan Shu and welcomed deserters to his territory. As a result, Yuan Shu lost his best commanders, a significant portion of his military strength, and the geographical majority of his territory. In the face of these losses, Yuan Shu was sapped of all significant power. He was reduced to control of only the commanderies of Jiujiang, Lujiang, and portions of Runan.

The desertion of the Sun group is now viewed as an inevitability. Sun Ben’s personal motivation when he was dispatched to Danyang in 193 was to establish a foothold for the family outside of Yuan Shu’s direct control. Sun Ce furthered this ambition by his aggressive expansion in the far south. This desire was fueled in part by the slights Yuan Shu paid to Sun Ce. Twice he promised to make Sun Ce a commandery administrator - first of Jiujiang, then of Lujiang - but he went back on this promise both times. Insulted and overlooked by Yuan Shu and desirous of independence, it seems only natural that the Sun group would use Yuan Shu’s declaration as an opportunity to cut ties.

From Yuan Shu’s limited perspective, though, the situation must have looked very different. Yuan Shu had a long association with the Sun family. He was joined by Sun Jian in 190 and the Sun family fought in Yuan Shu’s service ever since. Yuan Shu treated Sun Ce like a member of his own family, even going so far as to wish his children were as capable as Sun Ce. Indeed, the friendship between their clans was such that when Yuan Shu died, his children fled to Sun Ce for protection. Yuan Shu’s son served with distinction under the Sun regime. His daughter became one of Sun Quan’s concubines and was even offered the chance to become Empress of Wu. Given this close affection, even after their split, Yuan Shu had reasonable grounds to suppose that the Sun family would remain loyal to him.

One must also take note regarding Yuan Shu’s mystical claims. When he named himself an emperor, Yuan Shu cited an old prophecy regarding the fall of Han in the stated belief that it applied to himself. It was, in fact, the same prophecy that motivated Xu Chang some 25 years earlier. Runan commandery was home to a large contingent of Yellow Turban remnants, chiefly under the leadership of one Liu Pi. Yuan Shu had a close association with these mystic-warriors. They fought on his behalf in several campaigns, and Yuan Shu may have had some genuine leanings towards their mystical ways. It should also be said that Yuan Shu came into possession of the famed Imperial Seal, passed from Qin to Han, and that he did so in an unlikely manner. His subordinate Sun Jian found it by accident among the ruins of Luoyang, quite against all odds.

If he was prone to superstition as the above evidence suggests, Yuan Shu may very well have viewed this as a sign that Heaven supported his ambitions. Of course, it is equally likely that Yuan Shu leaned on these elements as a pretext for his rule or that he believed whatever it suited him to believe at the time.

These arguments, of course, assume that Yuan Shu’s motives in declaring himself Emperor of Zhong were purely or primarily rational, his response to the shifting political and military landscape of his time. It should be noted that Yuan Shu’s obscene arrogance and extraordinary ambitions are a matter of record. His ego and desire for glory were certainly motivating factors, perhaps even the prime motivators of his actions. Even so, there were logical reasons to support these ambitions.

History, of course, presents its own counterargument. Yuan Shu badly misread the situation and made a fatal error in taking the throne. Far from strengthening his position, Yuan Shu’s actions dealt a killing blow to his prospects for domination. Such open defiance of Han custom gave his disgruntled subordinates ample justification to turn their backs on him and cast him definitively as a rebel and would-be usurper. Even those who wished to oppose Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, despite their control of the Han government, had no wish to be associated with the false dynasty of Zhong. Capable men fled in all directions and refused to have anything to do with his scheme. In one move, Yuan Shu lost all hope of future expansion. Under the weight of these losses and his own mismanagement, Yuan Shu’s small territory soon collapsed, and Yuan Shu along with it.

All things in context, Yuan Shu’s decision to make an emperor of himself doesn’t seem so unreasonable. Others men had done so in the preceding years and Yuan Shu had far more realistic hopes of actually supplanting the puppet Han emperor than any of his spiritual predecessors. From his limited perspective, Yuan Shu possessed a respectable army, with wide swaths of territory above and below the Yangzi and reasonable ambitions along all of his borders. And the fact that his chief rivals had recently come into possess of the Han emperor presented Yuan Shu with the pressing need to respond in kind. Such assumptions were always made with the pretext of mystical omens and portents, and Yuan Shu was able to cite several favorable to him. Certainly he misjudged the situation and made a critical blunder, but when one traces the path that led him to the decision, it no longer seems quite foolish. The Zhong dynasty was dead upon arrival and never had any real hope of success, but one can see how Yuan Shu was able to deceive himself.

#yuan shu #three kingdoms #zhong dynasty

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