#Optical technology

[chemicalsmaterialsnews]

Clarity Unveiled: Exploring Trends and Innovations in the Anti-Reflective Coatings Market

According to a statement by P&S Intelligence, the anti-reflective coatings market will generate USD 8,577.3 million, growing at a rate of 7.3%, by 2030.

The main factors boosting the growth of the industry include the increasing requirement for anti-reflection coats in the photovoltaic and eyewear industries, along with the rising implementation of anti-reflective eyeglasses in the construction sector.

Based on application, solar panels will witness the highest growth rate, of approximately 8%, in the years to come. This is credited to the growing requirement for low-cost solar cells with enhanced reliability and robustness, extensive adoption of these coatings in solar panels to rise their overall effectiveness, and the growing need to lessen photovoltaic surface reflection.

Furthermore, the electronics industry is the most-important end user in the industry because of the growing flat-panel displays popularity and increasing smartphone industry.

The growth of the anti-reflective coatings market is also driven by the increasing usage of these coatings in the eyewear industry, as the industry adopted such materials in high-light-transmitting products, for instance, eyeglasses and lenses.

Additionally, the advancement of technology in eyewear and the expansion of this industry because of the increasing prevalence of vision impairment, as well as the rising elderly populace, will further boost the growth of the industry.

In the past few years, vacuum deposition held the largest revenue share, of more than 35%, and it will propel with a significant growth rate throughout this decade. This is because of the extensive adoption of the deposition method in the application of antireflective coatings, because of its maximum adaptability, fast setting, affordability, and lesser environmental impact. The APAC industry held the largest revenue share, of more than 35%, and it will propel at a significant rate because of the increasing requirement for logistics packaging and aerospace sector expansion.

Moreover, North America accounted for a significant share of the anti-reflective coatings industry. This is credited to the existence of a large number of reputable companies, rising discretionary expenditure by consumers, growing consciousness about the benefits of coated eyeglasses, booming automotive sector, and increasing construction industry.

[nasa]

9 Out-of-This-World Moments for Space Communications & Navigation in 2023

How do astronauts and spacecraft communicate with Earth?

By using relay satellites and giant antennas around the globe! These tools are crucial to NASA’s space communications networks: the Near Space Network and the Deep Space Network, which bring back science and exploration data every day.

It’s been a great year for our space communications and navigation community, who work to maintain the networks and enhance NASA’s capabilities. Keep scrolling to learn more about our top nine moments.

The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Dragon spacecraft lifts off from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Thursday, Nov. 9, 2023, on the company's 29th commercial resupply services mission for the agency to the International Space Station. Liftoff was at 8:28 p.m. EST.

1. In November, we launched a laser communications payload, known as ILLUMA-T, to the International Space Station. Now, ILLUMA-T and the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) are exchanging data and officially complete NASA’s first two-way, end-to-end laser relay system. Laser communications can send more data at once than traditional radio wave systems – think upgrading from dial-up to fiber optic internet. ILLUMA-T and LCRD are chatting at 1.2 gigabits per second (Gbps). At that rate, you could download an average movie in under a minute.

NASA’s InSight lander captured this selfie on Mars on April 24, 2022, the 1,211th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.

2. Data analyzed in 2023 from NASA’s retired InSight Mars lander provided new details about how fast the Red Planet rotates and how much it wobbles. Scientists leveraged InSight’s advanced radio technology, upgrades to the Deep Space Network, and radio signals to determine that Mars’ spin rate is increasing, while making the most precise measurements ever of Mars’ rotation.

TBIRD is demonstrating a direct-to-Earth laser communications link from low Earth orbit to a ground station on Earth.

3. We set a new high record! The TeraByte InfraRed Delivery (TBIRD) payload – also demonstrating laser communications like ILLUMA-T and LCRD – downlinked 4.8 terabytes of data at 200 Gbps in a single 5-minute pass. This is the highest data rate ever achieved by laser communications technology. To put it in perspective a single terabyte is the equivalent of about 500 hours of high-definition video.

A 34-meter (112-foot) wide antenna at Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex near Canberra, Australia.

4. This year we celebrated the Deep Space Network’s 60th anniversary. This international array of antennas located at three complexes in California, Spain, and Australia allow us to communicate with spacecraft at the Moon and beyond. Learn more about the Deep Space Network’s legacy and future advancements.

An illustration of the LunaNet architecture. LunaNet will bring internet-like services to the Moon.

5. We are bringing humans to the Moon with Artemis missions. During expeditions, astronauts exploring the surface are going to need internet-like capabilities to talk to mission control, understand their routes, and ensure overall safety. The space comm and nav group is working with international partners and commercial companies to develop LunaNet, and in 2023, the team released Draft LunaNet Specification Version 5, furthering development.

The High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking node launched to the International Space Station in November and will act as a high-speed path for data.

6. In addition to laser communications, ILLUMA-T on the International Space Station is also demonstrating high-rate delay/disruption tolerant networking (HDTN). The networking node is showcasing a high-speed data path and a store-and-forward technique. HDTN ensures data reaches its final destination and isn’t lost on its path due to a disruption or delay, which are frequent in the space environment.

The Communications Services Project (CSP) partners with commercial industry to provide networking options for future spaceflight missions.

7. The space comm and nav team is embracing the growing aerospace industry by partnering with commercial companies to provide multiple networking options for science and exploration missions. Throughout 2023, our commercialization groups engaged with over 110 companies through events, one-on-one meetings, forums, conferences, and more. Over the next decade, NASA plans to transition near-Earth services from government assets to commercial infrastructure.

Middle and high school students solve a coding experiment during NASA's Office of STEM Engagement App Development Challenge. 

8. Every year, NASA’s Office of STEM Engagement sponsors the App Development Challenge, wherein middle and high school students must solve a coding challenge. This year, student groups coded an application to visualize the Moon’s South Pole region and display information for navigating the Moon’s surface. Our space communications and navigation experts judged and interviewed students about their projects and the top teams visited NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston!

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket soars upward after liftoff at the pad at 3:27 a.m. EDT on Saturday, Aug. 26, from Kennedy Space Center’s Launch Complex 39A in Florida carrying NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 crew members to the International Space Station. Aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft are NASA astronaut Jasmin Moghbeli, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Andreas Mogensen, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Konstantin Borisov.

9. The Near Space Network supported 19 launches in 2023! Launches included Commercial Crew flights to the International Space Station, science mission launches like XRISM and the SuperBIT balloon, and many more. Once in orbit, these satellites use Near Space Network antennas and relays to send their critical data to Earth. In 2023, the Near Space Network provided over 10 million minutes of communications support to missions in space.

Here’s to another year connecting Earth and space.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[fictionalred]

this might be too kinky for tumblr but here are our 4 laptops on their optic drives side 💿🫣

[fruitiermetrostation]

Sharp Releases Notebook PC with Optical Sensor LCD Pad (2009)

[science70]

Fiber optic lamp, Carrara, Italy, 1970.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Soft optical fibers block pain while moving and stretching with the body

The fibers could help with testing treatments for nerve-related pain.

Scientists have a new tool to precisely illuminate the roots of nerve pain. Engineers at MIT have developed soft and implantable fibers that can deliver light to major nerves through the body. When these nerves are genetically manipulated to respond to light, the fibers can send pulses of light to the nerves to inhibit pain. The optical fibers are flexible and stretch with the body. The new fibers are meant as an experimental tool that can be used by scientists to explore the causes and potential treatments for peripheral nerve disorders in animal models. Peripheral nerve pain can occur when nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are damaged, resulting in tingling, numbness, and pain in affected limbs. Peripheral neuropathy is estimated to affect more than 20 million people in the United States.

Read more.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Dosimeters: People who work near radiation sources wear dosimeters to measure their total exposure. If exposure exceeds a predetermined limit, they are reassigned to an unexposed workplace for a period of time. Initially, film dosimeters were used. The darkening of a photographic film exposed to radiation over a period of time is proportional to the total quantity of radiation received. Film dosimeters have largely been replaced by more modern technologies (figure 27.11): thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[thepastisalreadywritten]

[cassiachloe]

Did you know there are currently smart materials and technologies, as well as active comouflage methods, in use and under research that can render objects, vehicles or persons invisible: not only to the naked eye, but also to security cameras?

This is especially concerning when dealing with corruption, fascism, other developments in military technologies this could be cross applied with, or covert operations involving human victims or sex traffick and other criminal government operations.

Here's a few examples:

"Next-gen Military Uniforms: Various military research programs are exploring smart uniforms that incorporate these technologies. For example, DARPA has been involved in developing "invisibility cloaks" that use smart fabrics to reduce the visibility of soldiers on the battlefield."

"MIT's Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Research at MIT has explored using metamaterials to create a "cloaking" effect in the electromagnetic spectrum. Although these are primarily experimental, they could eventually lead to applications where objects or people are rendered invisible to certain detection methods."

"BAE Systems' Adaptiv: This is a military camouflage technology developed for vehicles. Adaptiv uses hexagonal tiles that can change temperature to blend into the infrared spectrum of the background. While primarily developed for vehicles, the concept could theoretically be miniaturized for use on smaller objects or individuals."

"Duke University and University of California, Berkeley: Researchers at these institutions have been working on invisibility cloaks using metamaterials that can bend electromagnetic waves around an object, effectively making it invisible. Although this technology is currently limited and works mainly at specific wavelengths or in laboratory conditions, it demonstrates the potential for future applications."

"Invisibility Cloaks Based on Transformation Optics: This research area involves designing materials that guide light around an object, making it invisible. Companies and military research labs are exploring this, but practical, deployable versions are still speculative."

"Quantum Stealth by Hyperstealth Biotechnology Corp: This Canadian company has developed a material they claim can bend light around an object, rendering it invisible. The technology is said to work without cameras, batteries, or mirrors, and it could be used to conceal objects or people from view by manipulating light waves. However, the actual effectiveness and deployment status of this technology remain largely unverified in the public domain."

Ultimately, how these technologies, or other advanced weapons, can impact civilian populations left in the dark is a huge concern. There are multiple methods of intercepting or undermining the purpose of security cameras, this is one of many potentials.

Fox Badge The Steel Yard

[wayti-blog]

"Northwestern University engineers are the first to successfully demonstrate quantum teleportation over a fiberoptic cable already carrying internet traffic.

The discovery introduces the new possibility of combining quantum communication with existing internet cables—greatly simplifying the infrastructure required for distributed quantum sensing or computing applications.

The study is published on the arXiv preprint server and is due to appear in the journal Optica."

"Only limited by the speed of light, quantum teleportation could make communications nearly instantaneous. The process works by harnessing quantum entanglement, a technique in which two particles are linked, regardless of the distance between them. Instead of particles physically traveling to deliver information, entangled particles exchange information over great distances—without physically carrying it.

"In optical communications, all signals are converted to light," Kumar explained. "While conventional signals for classical communications typically comprise millions of particles of light, quantum information uses single photons.""

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[mindblowingscience]

Fiber-optic cables stretch across oceans and wind their way underground to handle our communications systems, and scientists think that this vast network of infrastructure could be put to another use: observing Earth's surface from below.

Specifically, the 1.2 million kilometers (more than 745,000 miles) of existing fiber-optic cable could be combined with satellites and other remote sensing instruments to monitor the entire globe in real time.

Storms and earthquakes could be tracked in this way, the team behind the idea suggests, as well as ships and whales passing through the seas. The network might even have the potential to be used to spot broken pipelines.

"This could be a game-changing global observatory for Ocean-Earth sciences," says geophysicist Martin Landrø, from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).

The monitoring would be done through the acoustic sensing capabilities of fiber-optic cables. Any flexes in the cabling caused by sound waves or actual waves can be picked up and interpreted to measure movement.

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[simpsforscience]

Have you ever marvelled😲 over those 3D projections in sci-fi movies? 🤔How many times could you tell the difference between real and fake 🥸 when you saw these holographic displays ? Of course, the reality of how holograms work isn't quite as flashy ⚡ as Hollywood portrays. But that doesn't make it any less fascinating! Tap & swipe ➡️ through this post to decode the science behind them.

[scopostims]

[ID: The first GIF shows a white hand opening an optical drive on a laptop, and the remaining 11 GIFs are various CDs being inserted and the drive closed. In order, the CDS are "Something New" by Lucid Illusions, "Lucid Illusions" by Lucid Illusions, "Satellites" by Kerosene Shores, "Knetx EP" by Knetx, a mini CD of "Festa" by Purple Kiss", a mini CD of "Spin off from the Witness" by Ateez, "XOXO" by Onewe, "The World EP 2: Outlaw" by Ateez", "Pygmalion" by Oneus, "Trickster" by Oneus, and "Livelock" by Xdinary Heroes. End ID]

some cds, all my footage :•]

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Solid material that 'upconverts' visible light photons to UV light photons could change how we utilize sunlight

The importance of solar power as a renewable energy resource is increasing. Sunlight contains high-energy UV light with a wavelength shorter than 400 nm, which can be broadly used, for example, for photopolymerization to form a resin and activation of photocatalysts to drive reactions that generate green hydrogen or useful hydrocarbons (fuels, sugars, olefins, etc.). The latter of these is often called "artificial photosynthesis." Photocatalytic reaction by UV light to efficiently kill viruses and bacteria is another important application. Unfortunately, only about 4% of terrestrial sunlight falls within the UV range in the electromagnetic spectrum. This leaves a large portion of sunlight spectrum unexploited for these purposes.

Photon upconversion (UC) could be the key to solving this problem. It is the process of converting long-wavelength, low-energy photons (such as those present in visible light) to short-wavelength, high-energy photons (such as those present in UV light) via a process called "triplet-triplet annihilation" (TTA). Previous work in this field has reported visible-to-UV UC using organic solvent solutions that required the solution to be deoxygenated first and then sealed in an airtight container to prevent exposure to oxygen that deactivated and degraded TTA-based photon UC samples. These materials not only lacked photostability in the presence of oxygen, but also failed to perform effectively with sunlight-intensity incident light. These issues presented roadblocks in the practical applications of photon UC.

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[breadclipp]

it can be hard to fashion a critique of contemporary painting without accidentally coming across as somewhat conservative. Having said that, learning that a lot of painters project photographs onto their canvases and trace them rather than sketching stuff out breaks my heart a little bit