#Mark Landwehr

[geekynerfherder]

Corey Helford Gallery presents 'Because I Wanted You To Know', a solo art exhibition of new works by Mark Landwehr and Sven Waschk [coarse].

The opening night is on Saturday October 7 from 7pm-11pm PT in the Main Gallery at Corey Helford Gallery, 571 S. Anderson St. Los Angeles, CA 90033 and on the Corey Helford Gallery website until November 11 2023.

[whencyclopedia]

Battle of Wagram

The Battle of Wagram (5-6 July 1809) was one of the largest and bloodiest battles of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It resulted in a pyrrhic victory for French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) whose army crossed the Danube River to defeat Archduke Charles' Austrian army. Wagram ultimately allowed Napoleon to win the War of the Fifth Coalition (1809).

Background

Ever since its defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), the Austrian Empire itched to exact revenge upon Napoleon and recover its status as a major power in Central Europe. In the three years that followed the battle, Austria bided its time as its army was modernized by Archduke Charles, brother of the emperor and commander-in-chief of the Austrian forces. Charles' reforms included a system of mass conscription through the Landwehr militia and a reorganization of the army into nine line and two reserve corps, copying the corps d'armee system that had contributed to Napoleon's success.

By early 1809, hundreds of thousands of French soldiers were off in Iberia fighting the Peninsular War (1807-1814) against Spain and Portugal. This greatly reduced France's military presence in Germany, an opportunity that Austrian Emperor Francis I was keen to take advantage of. Francis ordered his brother to prepare for war, and on 10 April 1809, Archduke Charles sparked the War of the Fifth Coalition when he invaded France's ally of Bavaria with 200,000 men. Napoleon was prepared; having noticed the build-up of Austrian forces, the French emperor had raised a new Army of Germany that consisted mainly of French conscripts and allied German soldiers from the Confederation of the Rhine. Since Archduke Charles' invasion got off to a slow start, Napoleon was able to launch a rapid counteroffensive. In the ensuing Landshut campaign, Napoleon's Army of Germany won a string of battles and forced Archduke Charles back across the Danube. Charles' retreat left the road to Vienna wide open, and Napoleon occupied the Austrian capital on 13 May.

Emperor Francis had evacuated Vienna before the French occupation, and Archduke Charles had rallied his forces and was currently sitting on the opposite bank of the Danube. Since all the major bridges across the river had been destroyed, Napoleon needed to build his own. He chose the floodplain of Lobau Island, south of Vienna, as the ideal location for his river crossing. By midday on 20 May, the pontoon bridge was completed, and the first elements of the French army crossed over to occupy the towns of Aspern and Essling. By the next morning, Napoleon had gotten 25,000 troops across the river, but efforts to get the rest of his army across were frustrated by the Austrians, who floated flaming barges down the river to punch holes in the French bridge.

At 1 p.m. on 21 May, Archduke Charles ordered an attack. The French were surprised by the sudden Austrian assault, and brutal fighting erupted around Aspern and Essling that lasted well into the night, at which point the French retained control of both towns. The battle resumed on the morning of 22 May; while the Austrian wings were embroiled in the struggle for the towns, French Marshal Jean Lannes led a charge against the vulnerable Austrian center. His attack came close to success but was stopped by the personal intervention of Archduke Charles, who led a spirited counterattack. As the day wore on, the French were pushed out of Essling, and the bridge was repeatedly damaged, preventing Napoleon from getting the rest of his army across. At 3 p.m., the French emperor decided to cut his losses and ordered a withdrawal to Lobau. The Battle of Aspern-Essling marked Napoleon's first major defeat in a decade and had cost him between 20-23,000 casualties including the irreplaceable Marshal Lannes, who was mortally wounded. The Austrians also suffered around 23,000 casualties but achieved victory, having denied the river crossing to Napoleon.

Continue reading...

[rustbeltjessie]

Some photos from the Kenosha Public Museum (August 2, 2024):

Poetry in Windows: “Superior Sister” by Jim Landwehr

“Anger” by Kootoo Munro (stonecut print)

Butterflies from Wisconsin grasslands

“Broken Road” by Lana Cease (watercolor)

“Being Alone is Not the Same As Being Lonely” by Mark Mehaffy (watercolor)

“Chinese New Year” by Ziaochang Zhang (watercolor)

“Chicago Deconstructed” by Cheryl Fletcher Coon (watercolor)

[artdepo]

Mark Landwehr and Sven Waschk

[histoireettralala]

Napoleon's impact on Prussia.

Napoleon's long-term impact varied considerably across Europe. Nonetheless, even in those territories where the French could not directly intervene, the shocks of military defeat and foreign occupation had profound repercussions, forcing local elites to accept internal reforms in an effort to deal with France. The best example of this comes from Prussia. The post-1807 years were marked by economic devastation caused y mounting state debts, unrelenting French demands for indemnity payments, and the costs of supplying an army of occupation. The government was forced to increase taxes, debase the coinage, and issue paper money. The financial health of the state continued to deteriorate, with the state debt, which stood at 53 million gulden before 1806, increasing to 112 million gulden in 1811, and over 200 million by the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

The effects of the French occupation stirred national sentiments among many Germans. The plight of German states inspired Johann Fichte, a professor at the University of Erlangen, to deliver his famous fourteen "Addresses to the German Nation" (1808), one of the first expressions of budding German nationalism. Selfishness and division, Fichte argued, had ruined German states, which now faced the daunting task of surviving French domination. Evoking distinctiveness in language, tradition, and literature, he called upon the German people to free themselves from Napoleon. These sentiments echoed in patriots such as Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg, Heinrich Freiherr vom und zum Stein, Gebhard von Blücher, Gerhard von Scharnhorst, and August von Gneisenau, who did their best to rebuild the country's economy and military in the wake of the shattering defeat.

[..]

Gerhard von Scharnhorst, an officer of considerable intellect and talents, played a decisive role in modernizing the Prussian military and developing new and influential concepts in military theory and practice. As Prussia abolished serfdom, Scharnhorst and his fellow reformers appealed to the common Prussian's sense of patriotism as a means to create an army of citizen-soldiers. In July 1807 King Frederick William III established a Commission for Military Reorganization, with Scharnhorst as president. The commission conducted a veritable purge of the Prussian army in light of its performance in the 1806 debacle, dismissing incapable officers, promoting worthy ones, and ending the custom of recruiting foreigners. The harsh discipline of the Frederickian army was abolished, while the stifling power of the Junkers (landowning nobility) was relaxed, to allow for the rise of men of talent and merit. The reforms reorganized the Prussian army into effective combined-arms brigades along the French model, improved its drill and tactics, and developed the Landwehr, a national militia. Equally important was the Krümpersystem (shrinking system), which was designed to quickly train army recruits and move them into the reserves so that more men could be trained while keeping the size of the standing army at the 42,000 limit imposed by Napoleon in the Peace of Tilsit (1807). Furthermore, the Prussian monarchy gave its consent to the establishment of the famed Berlin Kriegsakademie (War College) where Prussian officers began laying the foundation for a truly modern general staff.

Fichte's appeal for an enlightened system of education had a noteworthy effect. The Prussian education system was reformed and placed under the leadership of the distinguished Prussian philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (brother of the famed geographer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt), who used his learning and enthusiasm to lay the foundation for what became the Humboldtisches Bildungsideal (Humboldtian education ideal), integrating the arts and sciences with research to achieve comprehensive general learning and cultural knowledge. Prussian universities- at Königsberg, Frankfort on the Oder, and Halle, augmented by the newly established ones at Berlin and Breslau- played a key role in the national revival, kindling the patriotic spirit and training a new generation of men to lead the Prussian state.

Alexander Mikaberidze- The Napoleonic Wars, A Global History.

[loneberry]

A Rose for Red Rosa: On the Corpse of Rosa Luxemburg

A response to a prompt from Brandon Shimoda:

3. Briefly describe a grave you have visited of a person to whom you are not related (i.e. a poet, writer, artist, activist, elder, historical figure, friend). For example, describe one thing that you saw there.

🌹 a red rose for Red Rosa 🌹 Memorial to Rosa Luxemburg at the Lichtenstein Bridge over the Landwehr Canal on the edge of Berlin’s Tiergarten Park, where Rosa’s body was thrown into the canal on the night of January 15, 1919. It was not her grave. A grave is a site where the energies generated by ritual acts hover, where the living can’t help but gather to practice a kind of sociality that pays no heed to the border between life and death. What is this need for the emblazoned name to mark the void left in the wake of the departed? Psychoanalysts will tell you, the mind does not know negatives. 

*

Rosa Luxemburg was a communist revolutionary, a Polish-born German (secular) Jew also known for her piercing analysis of the relationship between capitalism, colonialism, and war, which she described in her masterwork The Accumulation of Capital. Her haters will tell you she was too hasty in her attempt to launch a revolution in Germany, that she didn’t understand Volume II of Marx’s Capital, that the underconsumptionist theory of crisis leads you to crude Keynesianism. Her defenders will tell you she was a martyr who uncovered capitalism’s drive toward territorial expansion and prophesied the rise of Nazism in a pamphlet that argued: “Bourgeois society stands at the crossroads, either transition to Socialism or regression into Barbarism.” (Are we at the same crossroads now? The question terrifies me.)

She was one of “history’s vanquished”—a revolutionary spark snuffed out by the proto-Nazi Freikorps at the behest of Social Democratic Party (SPD) leader and German Chancellor Friedrich Ebert. 

*

The corpse of Red Rosa does not rest in the grave that bears her name. We know this because the corpse they pulled out of the Landwehr Canal and buried under her name “did not agree with the anatomical peculiarities of Luxemburg's body”—she had congenital hip dysplasia, a condition that caused her legs to be of different lengths. She walked with a limp and had a gold tooth. She was shot in the head before she was tossed into the canal 101 years ago. When the canal thawed, a waterlogged corpse was fished out of the water and buried under her name. How could the forensic examiners have possibly mistaken the even-legged corpse for hers? Fritz Strassmann, one of the examiners, had even written the definitive textbook on performing autopsies. 

*

Do not read about what happens to a waterlogged corpse. (Which I did, when I learned, one week ago, that my ex-girlfriend’s corpse was fished out of the Connecticut River. Her body had to be identified by her dental records.)

*

Rosa once wrote: “My tombstone may have only two syllables on it: ‘tsvee tsvee’ (zwi zwi). That’s the call of the tomtits, and I can imitate it so well that they come running here right away. It’s usually a clear, fine sound, as sparkling as a steel needle. But imagine! For some days now there’s been a very small warble in this tsvee-tsvee, a tiny chest-note. And do you know what that means? That is the first rustling of the coming spring.” 

Instead, her tombstone unceremoniously reads: “murdered Jan 15, 1919.”

If only a grave of onomatopoeias could be erected for dear Rosa! Tsvee tsvee. Her senses were heightened by the isolation she endured as a political prisoner. A head full of chirps and brain blooms. It wasn’t just the song of the tomtits she loved, but everything that signaled the coming of spring: most of all the flowers. Of all the flowers, she loved the snowdrop most. During her intermittent stints in prison she found comfort in studying botany and assembling her herbarium. Her friends would bring her plant specimens. She would put them in her herbarium, marking down both their German and Latin names, occasionally making errors that autodidacts are prone to making (like mispronouncing a word because you’ve only ever read it in a book). 

From Rosa Luxemburg’s herbarium Can the revolutionary also be a lay botanist? What is the disjunction between the avatar of the revolutionary and their sensuous mode of inhabiting the world? And why was I surprised that someone who was so perspicacious on matters of political economy could harbor such an intense love of flowers?

*

While passing through Berlin for a poetry reading I went to a memorial for Rosa Luxemburg beneath the Lichtenstein Bridge, where her body had been dumped into the canal. All I saw: the rifle butt to the head, the fear, the shot, the splash. The scene ricocheted across a century and exploded in my brain as shrapnel. I had brought a red rose with me. I threw the petals into the water and wept.

*

We still don’t know what happened to the corpse of Rosa.

“rumors had long been circulating at the Charité that the body of Red Rosa never actually left the hospital”

In the cellar of the hospital’s medical history museum, a preserved corpse—missing its head, feet and hands—was discovered by forensic pathologist Michael Tsokos around a decade ago. It dated to the period when Rosa was executed and showed signs of being waterlogged. Tests concluded that the corpse belonged to a woman who died between age 40 and 50 (Rosa was 47 when she was murdered) and had legs of different lengths.

The torso “had been kept on display in the pathology department of Charité Hospital as a classic example of a water corpse or ‘floater’ until 2007.”

It was used to teach medical students about a natural mummification process where the fat of the corpse is transformed into adipocere or “grave wax.”

Submerged in an anaerobic environment, the corpse undergoes a chemical process that turns it into a lump of soap.

Was the soap-torso Rosa’s? In the absence of definitive proof, it was interred at an unknown location. 

(Full post curated by Brandon: https://future-feed.net/the-afterlife-part-4-the-ancestors-reside-in-the-answers-themselves) 

[rabbitcruiser]

Völkerschlachtdenkmal, Leipzig (No. 5)

In the immediate aftermath, both the Battle of Leipzig as well as the Wars of Liberation (Befreiungskriege), as they became known in Germany, soon established a controversial and divided culture of remembrance. For liberal thinkers and young, educated students, many of whom had fought in the wars, they resembled a starting point for a potential German unification into a national state. This sentiment was embodied in the mythologization of the Freikorps and Landwehr regiments, volunteer fighters against the French rule. On the other side, the monarchs of the German states as well as conservatives highlighted the role the princes had played in the struggle against Napoleon, seeing a growing desire for a German national state as an attack on their royal and noble positions.

Ernst Moritz Arndt, a leading liberal and nationalistic writer, called for a commemoration of the battle throughout Germany. The anniversary on 19 October should be marked by festivities with "burning fires, festive 'folk' clothing, oak wreaths, and the ringing of bells". In fact, the first anniversary of the battle was marked by celebrations across the German countries, including bonfires. However, in some territories such as Baden and Württemberg, such celebrations were prohibited, while in the Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into the festivities around George III's jubilee on 23 October. In Berlin, the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia, the main celebration was organised by the Turner movement, gymnastic clubs led by nationalist Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. Taking place at the Hasenheide, a park outside Berlin, the event was attended by several tens of thousands of people. Similar celebrations were held the following years. These included the Wartburg Festival in 1817, a nationalistic event commemorating both Martin Luther's stay at the Wartburg as well as the Battle of Leipzig. However, following the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 both the Burschenschaften, the nationalistic student groups, as well as the Turners, were outlawed, and commemoration of the Battle of Leipzig subsided over the following years. In the 1840s, the "Association for the Celebration of October 19" was established in Leipzig, partly reviving the remembrance of the event, however, only the anniversaries in 1838 and 1863 were "forcefully expressed". In 1863, for the battle's 50th anniversary, the city of Leipzig put up large festivities, inviting representatives from 200 German cities and several hundred veterans. The celebrations included nationalistic songs and the reading of poems, with between 25,000 to 30,000 people in attendance.

Source: Wikipedia

[rotofugi]

Happy Sunday! Swing by the store today and check out our amazing new exhibit!⁣ ⁣ The exhibit features breathtaking sculptures by Mark Landwehr and Sven Waschk, aka coarse. On display through December 1st and also now viewable on our gallery website: http://gallery.rotofugi.com⁣ ⁣ Shown:⁣ ⁣ bursted dreams 150% — false paradise⁣ ⁣ High-gloss resin sculpture on Corian base⁣ ⁣ Mark Landwehr and Sven Waschk⁣ Edition of 3⁣ 2019⁣ 17 x 12 x 15 inches⁣ ⁣ Email gallery@rotofugi.com for pricing and availability or stop by the store at 2780 N. Lincoln Ave., Chicago. We're open 10am-6pm on the weekend and 11am-7pm weekdays. ⁣ ⁣ @coarselife @landwehr_and_waschk⁣⁣ ⁣⁣ #gallery #coarse #coarselife #designertoys #art #coarsetoys #sculpture #sculptures #sculptureart #sculptureoftheday #sculpture_art #sculpture_gallery #sculpturelovers #contemporaryart #contemporary_art #contemporaryartist #contemporarysculpture #juxtapoz #juxtapozmag #juxtapozmagazine #hifructose #hifructosemag #hifructosemagazine #chicagogallery (at Rotofugi Designer Toy Store & Gallery) https://www.instagram.com/p/B5QajXtnGzz/?igshid=1t2a9hglvd0gg

[thetoychronicle-blog]

Coarse Ethos Vol. 2: STRANGERS - F&F Update!

“We Are Strangers Again.” Coarse fans rejoice. The moment is upon us. After the Narcosis & Paranoia CELLS as part of Ethos Vol 1, the second instalment of the series is here, Strangers! If you’re F&F or F&F+ with coarse, you can pre-order Strangers NOW! Go HERE right now if you want to pre-order! You’ll need to…

Coarse Ethos Vol. 2: STRANGERS – F&F Update! was originally published on The Toy Chronicle

[twf100]

Cimetière militaire allemand d'Apremont, Apremont France, December 2018.

Full photo gallery online here.

Cimetiere Militaire Allemand d’Apremont

Beside a quiet section of road D442 in the French Ardennes lies a German military cemetery, Cimetiere Militaire Allemand d’Apremont. Built by German troops in 1915 to bury their comrades, the cemetery contains the graves of over 1100 soldiers. They belonged to 13 infantry and Landwehr regiments from Wurttemberg, Saxony, Bavaria, Brandenburg, Lorraine and the Rhineland.

A common misconception, black crosses marking the German graves were not a stipulation of the Treaty of Versailles concluding the Great War. The original crosses, made of wood, were coated with tar in order to keep them from deteriorating. The replacements, made of metal, were manufactured black in remembrance of the original crosses.

The cemetery was restored in 1926 by the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (German War Graves Commission). The Volksbund cares for over 200 sites along the Western Front (19 in Belgium, 192 in France). As opposed to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, the German commission is a private association and much of the work at the cemeteries is carried about by volunteers. Many present day German soldiers give up their own personal leave in order to spend time helping to clean and restore these cemeteries.

I happened upon the grave of Fusilier Karl Jakobsberg, killed on June 5 1917. This man sacrificed everything for his country. Had he survived the war, 18 years later Jakobsberg would have been dismissed from the army by the Nazis because of his religious beliefs. It’s questionable whether he would have survived the following decade.

Those who question Europe or despair about Europe should visit military cemeteries. They show what a disunited Europe, the confrontation of the individual peoples with “don’t want to join” or “can’t join” attitudes, must lead to. – Jean-Claude Juncker, former Prime Minister of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

January 11, 2019

[mmamag]

UFC Fight Night 166: Blaydes vs. Dos Santos LIVE FULL SHOW ONLINE

UFC Fight Night 166: Blaydes vs. Dos Santos LIVE FULL SHOW ONLINE

UFC, Ultimate Fighting Championship is going to host another battle between two hungry fighters who are still in their prime, Curtis Razer Blaydes vs. Junior dos Santos. The pair is going to face each other at UFC Fight Night 166 on the 25th of January,2020. Both are looking to knock their opponent out in the cage and get a path towards the title shot. Here we are going to have a glance at the strengths and weaknesses of both to predict a winner. https://www.instagram.com/p/B6m3vsVIDSL/ Firstly, we will have a look at the Blaydes; If we look at Razor's 15 match career, we come to know that he has 12 wins and 2 losses while one was declared "no contest" as he was tested positive for marijuana when he fought against Adam Milstead in January 2017. Nine times he has knocked his opponents out and 3 times he has won by a decision. The American has 2 "Performance of the Night" awards in his whole career and he has not won any "Knockout of the Night" in his 9 stoppage victories. When we take a look at his strengths, we come to know that he can hit his opponents hard and can knock them out at any stage of the fight, we cannot forget a fight when he knocked the former heavyweight champion Alistair Overeem out with brutal elbows in the third round of the match. Winning 3 bouts through the decision show him as a good point scorer but we also have to keep in mind that he was knocked 2 times out and his opponent was the same on both occasions; Francis Ngannou.  Now we have to wait until he goes in the cage against his deadly opponent. https://www.instagram.com/p/B43owuEJfJX/ In the other corner, we have Junior dos Santos who has more experience and has faced more tough opposition as compared to Curtis, he is the former heavyweight champion. The Brazilian fighter has 3 "Knockout of the Night" and 2 "Fight of the Night" awards on his credit. He has been the heavyweight champion and once he has defended his title before giving it back to Cain Velasquez. The Brazilian has fought 27 times and out of those, 21 times he was victorious and 15 times he has taken the fight from the hands of judges by knocking his opponents out, Once he won by submission and the rest by decision. He has the power to smash his opponent's face with brutal punches along with the ability to score points. We all remember how he knocked Mark Hunt out by spinning hook kick, furthermore, when he successfully defended his heavyweight title against Frank Mir and knocked him out in the second round of that game. https://www.instagram.com/p/B6RlRZdofnB/   Now, if we compare the pair, we come to know that both are able to surprise the other one. Blaydes can win the bout through his technique while dos Santos has the power, stamina, and most of all, he has the experience of fighting the elite class fighters. He has never inhaled marijuana before facing deadly fighters in the cage. Prediction: Junior dos Santos TKO 3.

UFC Fight Night 166 Main Event on ESPN+:

265 lbs.: Curtis Blaydes vs. Junior dos Santos 170 lbs.: Michael Chiesa vs. Rafael dos Anjos 145 lbs.: Arnold Allen vs. Josh Emmett 125 lbs.: Jordan Espinosa vs. Alex Perez 115 lbs.: Hannah Cifers vs. Angela Hill 205 lbs.: Jamahal Hill vs. Darko Stosic 125 lbs.: Justine Kish vs. Lucie Pudilova 185 lbs.: Bevon Lewis vs. Dequan Townsend 135 lbs.: Montel Jackson vs. Felipe Colares 135 lbs.: Lina Lansberg vs. Sara McMann 135 lbs.: Tony Gravely vs. Brett Johns 155 lbs.: Herbert Burns vs. Nate Landwehr

MMA MAG Read the full article

[humptydumptyunbroken]

The collector and paw! - 2 pieces by Coarse ( Mark Landwehr and Sven Waschk ) from their  2019 show “possession” at Rotofugi Gallery.

[deadbunnys]

Tomorrow! "possession" x Mark Landwehr & Sven Waschk @coarselife @rotofugi #possession #marklandwehr #svenwaschk #coarse #coarselife #coarsetoys #rotofugi #rotofugigallery #rotofugichicago #newart #sculpture #arttoy #vinyltoy #designertoy #designerarttoy #vinylarttoy #urbantoy #urbanvinyl #urbanculture #toyart #toystagram #toysofinstagram #alltoysareart #deadbunnystore #repost (at Dead Bunny Store) https://www.instagram.com/p/B4n4X5rnUjX/?igshid=jclnnnm4yy1v

[talkcarol17-blog]

Lit recs for people who are trying to clear out their TBR piles

If you're reading Book Swap—and you are—my bet is on your New Year's resolution being to read more books. So in the first edition of Book Swap in 2019, I thought I'd share a glimpse of Nick Drnaso's TBR pile and some of my own selections.

Drnaso's graphic novel Sabrina took the literary world by storm last year—and for good reason. It's a slowly built and awkwardly constructed narrative that only coheres as a transcendent story about human fragility in this contemporary moment of duress long after readers grow comfortable with his flat-colored forms and opaque backstories. The book is gutting and brilliant—enough so that you not only want to read everything the author has ever written (and you won't go wrong with Drnaso's 2016 Beverly, which won the LA Times Book Award for Best Graphic Novel), but you want to read what he reads, too.

So what are you reading, Nick? —Anne Elizabeth Moore

ND: I have a never-ending stack of books on my "to read" pile, which is a constant reminder of all the things that are passing me by. I've chosen three from that stack that I'm particularly excited about, though they're not all new or even recent releases, so this isn't as much a "looking forward to" as a "looking back at" list.

Every Christmas my brother and I try to recommend presents to each other so we're not passing the same gift cards back and forth. This year I asked him to buy me The Dinosaur Man by Susan Baur. I can't remember where I first heard about this book, but it's been on my wish list for a few years. Baur recounts her time working as a psychologist with schizophrenic patients, where she developed a method of immersing herself in the delusional mind as a way to uncover and understand the internal logic.

In a similar vein, I'm also very much looking forward to digging into Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst by Robert Sapolsky. My wife and I have been listening to his lectures that are available online, particularly on schizophrenia, religion, and depression. Admittedly, I told my brother to buy the book for her for Christmas as well, though I might greedily read it before she gets a chance to.

Because I might need something warmer after those books, I'll follow them with Blame This on the Boogie by Rina Ayuyang, which I've been eager to read since the summer but keep losing in the pile. It's a graphic novel, rendered in energetic and lovely colored pencil (I think). All I know is that it's about dance, music, and motherhood, so it promises to be a worthwhile and life-affirming read.

AEM: Blame This on the Boogie's on my pile, too. Ayuyang's gorgeous color work is so enticing! But first up is some gore, because winter.

There's no better way to commemorate the centennial anniversary of socialist feminist Rosa Luxemburg's untimely demise on January 15 than by curling up with a fresh copy of Klaus Geitinger's The Murder of Rosa Luxemburg from Verso. When she and fellow Marxist revolutionary Karl Liebknecht were killed late one night in front of a posh hotel, and her body dumped into the Landwehr Canal in Berlin, it marked a turning point in the German political climate that, unfortunately, still holds a bit too much resonance today.

Former Chicagoan Aleksandar Hemon will release My Parents / This Does Not Belong to You through MCD, a Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux imprint, in the spring. Pairing the narrative of his parents' immigration from Bosnia to Canada with his extremely personal tales will certainly offer a fantastic frame for his incisive revelations and stunning eye for detail.

One of my very favorite authors will also release a new book this year, on one of my very favorite sports: Elizabeth McCracken's Bowlaway takes on a family in New England that operates a candlepin bowling alley. I don't know how it can be anything but delightful, as I've truly loved every single thing she's ever written, from her renowned The Giant's House to her entire Twitter feed. Reasonably sure it will start 2019 off in the right literary direction.   v

Source: https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/book-swap-nick-drnaso-anne-elizabeth-moore/Content?oid=66226434

[ijsea]

Top 10 Cited Papers Software        Engineering & Applications          Research Articles From 2017      Issue

                      http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

 International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA)

                  ISSN : 0975 - 9018 ( Online ); 0976-2221 ( Print )

                   http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/ijsea.html

                                                                                                   Citation Count – 04

                                Factors on Software Effort Estimation

                                            Simon WU Iok Kuan

 Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macao, Macau, China

 ABSTRACT

Software effort estimation is an important process of system development life cycle, as it may affect the success of software projects if project designers estimate the projects inaccurately. In the past of few decades, various effort prediction models have been proposed by academicians and practitioners. Traditional estimation techniques include Lines of Codes (LOC), Function Point Analysis (FPA) method and Mark II Function Points (Mark II FP) which have proven unsatisfactory for predicting effort of all types of software. In this study, the author proposed a regression model to predict the effort required to design small and medium scale application software. To develop such a model, the author used 60 completed software projects developed by a software company in Macau. From the projects, the author extracted factors and applied them to a regression model. A prediction of software effort with accuracy of MMRE = 8% was constructed.

 KEYWORDS

Effort Estimation, Software Projects, Software Applications, System Development Life Cycle.

For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N1/8117ijsea03.pdf

Volume Link:            

http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]     Fu, Ya-fang, Liu, Xiao-dong, Yang, Ren-nong, Du, Yi-lin and Li Yan-jie (2010), “A Software Size Estimation Method Based on Improved FPA”, Second World Congress on Software Engineering,Vol. 2, pp228-233.

 [2]     Hastings, T. E. & Sajeev, A. S. M. (2001), “A Vector-Based Approach to Software Size Measurement and Effort Estimation”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.337-350.

 [3]      Norris, K. P. (1971), “The Accuracy of Project Cost and Duration Estimates in Industrial R&D”, R&D Management, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp.25-36.

 [4]       Murmann, Philipp A. (1994), “Expected Development Time Reductions in the German Mechanical Engineering Industry”, Journal of Product innovation Management, Vol. 11, pp.236-252.

 [5]     David Consulting Group (2012), “Project Estimating”, DCG Corporate Office, Paoli, 2007: http:davidconsultinggroup.com/training/estimation.aspx (January, 2017)

 [6]      Boehm, Barry (1976), “Software Engineering”, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. C-25, Issue 12, pp1226-1241.

 [7]     Dreger, J. B. (1989), “Function Point Analysis”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.

 [8]     Smith, Randy K., Hale, Joanne E. & Parrish, Allen S. (2001), “An Empirical Study Using Task Assignment Patterns to Improve the Accuracy of Software Effort Estimation”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.264- 271.

 [9]     Sataphthy, Shashank Mouli, Kumar, Mukesh & Rath, Santanu Kumar (2013), “Class Point Approach for Software Effort Estimation Using Soft Computing Techniques, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics(ICACCI), p178-183.

 [10]     Tariq, Sidra, Usman, Muhammad, Wong, Raymond, Zhuang, Yan & Fong, Simon (2015), “On Learning Software Effort Estimation”, 3rd International Symposium  and Business Intelligence, P79- 84.

 [11]     Bhandari, Sangeeta (2016), “FCM Based Conceptual Framework for Software Effort Estimation”, International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, pp2585-2588.

 [12]     Moharreri, Kayhan, Sapre, Alhad Vinayak, Ramanathan, Jayashree & Ramnath, Rajiv (2016), “CostEffective Supervised Learning Models for Software Effort Estimation in Agile Environments”, IEEE 40th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, p135-140.

 [13]     Mukhopadhyay, Tridas & Kekre, Sunder. (1992), “Software Effort Models for Early Estimation of Process Control Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 10, pp.915- 924.

 [14]     Boehm, Barry W. (1995), “Cost Models for Future Software Life Cycle Processes: COCOMO 2.0,” Anals of Software Engineering Special Volume on Software Process and Product Measurement, Science Publisher, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1(3), p45-60.

 [15]      Srinivasan, Krishnamoorthy & Fisher, Douglas (1995), “Machine Learning Approaches to Estimating Software Development Effort”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp126- 137.

 [16]     Strike, Kevin, Emam, Khaled EI & Madhavji, Nazim (2001), “Software Cost Estimation with Incomplete Data”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 10, pp215-223.

 [17]     Putnam, Lawrence H. (1978), “A General Empirical Solution to the Macro Software Sizing and Estimating Problem”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. SE-4, No. 4, pp345-361.

 [18]     Boehm, Barry W. (1981), “Software Engineering Economics”, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.

 [19]     Subramanian, Girish H. & Breslawski, Steven (1995), “An Empirical Analysis of Software Effort Estimate Alternations”, Journal of Systems Software, Vol. 31, pp135-141.

 [20]     Boehm, Barry W. (1984), “Software Engineering Economics”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering”, Vol. 10, pp4-21.

 [21]     Agrawal, Priya & Kumar, Shraddha (2016), “Early Phase Software Effort Estimation Model”, Symposium on Colossal Data Analysis and Networking, pp1-8.

 [22]     Albrecht, Allen. J. (1979), “Measuring Application Development Productivity”, Proceedings of the IBM Applications Development Symposium, pp83-92.

 [23]     Albrecht, Allen J. & Gaffney. John E. (1983), “Software Function, Source Lines of Code, and Development Effort Prediction: A Software Science Validation”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 9, No.6, pp639-648.

[24]     Hu, Qing, Plant, Robert & Hertz, David (1998), “Software Cost Estimation Using Economic Production Models”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp143-163.

 [25]     Bock D. B., & Klepper R. (1992). FP S: A Simplified Function Point Counting Method, “The Journal of Systems Software”, 18:245 254.

 [26]     Kemerer, Chris F. (1993). “Reliability of Function Points Measurement: A Field Experiment”, Communications of the ACM, 36(2):85 97.

 [27]     Lokan, Chris J. (2000). “An Empirical Analysis of Function Point Adjustment Factors”, Journal of Information and Software Technology, vol. 42, pp649-660.

 [28]     Jeffery, J., Low, G. & Barnes, C. (1993), “Comparison of Function Point Counting Techniques”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp529- 532.

[29]     Misra, A. K. & Chaudhary, B. D. (1991), “An Interactive Structured Program Development Tool”, IEEE Region 10 International Conference on EC3-Energy, Computer, Communication and Control Systems, 3, 1-5.

 [30]     Kendall, K. E. & Kendall, J. E. (2005), “System Analysis and Design”, 6/e, Prentice- Hall.

 [31]      Brooks, F. (1975), “The Mythical Man-Month.” Addison-Wesley.

 [32]     Zhang, Xiaoni & Windsor, John (2003). “An Empirical Analysis of Software Volatility and Related Factors”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 103, No. 4, pp275-281.

 [33]     Kemerer, C. F. & Slaughter, S. (1997). “Determinants of Software Maintenance Profiles: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Software Maintenance, Vol. 9, pp235-251.

[34]     Krishnan, Mayuram S. (1998). “The Role of Team Factors in Software Cost and Quality”, Information Technology & People, Vol. 11(1), pp20-35.

[35]     MacDonell, S. G., Shepperd, M. J. & Sallis, P. (1997), “Metrics for Database Systems: An Empirical Study”, Proceedings of the 4th International Software Metrics Symposium(Metrics 1997).

[36]      MacDonell, S. G. (1994). “Comparative Review of Functional Complexity Assessment Methods for Effort Estimation”, Software Engineering Journal, pp107- 116.

                                                                                            Citation Count – 03

                             A Brief Program Robustness Survey

  Ayman M. Abdalla, Mohammad M. Abdallah and Mosa I. Salah

 Faculty of Science and I.T, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, 

                                       Amman, Jordan

 ABSTRACT

 Program Robustness is now more important than before, because of the role software programs play in our life. Many papers defined it, measured it, and put it into context. In this paper, we explore the different definitions of program robustness and different types of techniques used to achieve or measure it. There are many papers about robustness. We chose the papers that clearly discuss program or software robustness. These papers stated that program (or software) robustness indicates the absence of ungraceful failures. There are different types of techniques used to create or measure a robust program. However, there is still a wide space for research in this area.

 Keywords:

 Robustness, Robustness measurement, Dependability, Correctness.

 For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N1/8117ijsea01.pdf

 Volume Link: http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]      IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology, 1990.

 [2]      J. C. Laprie, J. Arlat, C. Beounes, and K. Kanoun, "Definition and analysis of hardware- and software-fault-tolerant architectures," Computer, vol. 23, pp. 39-51, 1990.

 [3]      A. Avizienis, J. C. Laprie, B. Randell, and C. Landwehr, "Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing," Dependable and Secure Computing, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 1, pp. 11-33, 2004.

 [4]      W. S. Jawadekar, Software Engineering: Principles and Practice: Mcgraw Hill Higher Education, 2004.

 [5]      J. C. Laprie, "Dependable computing: concepts, challenges, directions," in Computer Software and Applications Conference, 2004. COMPSAC 2004.Proceedings of the 28th Annual International, 2004, p. 242 vol.1.

 [6]      R. S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, Seventh edition ed.: McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2009.

 [7]      I. Sommerville, Software Engineering: Addison-Wesley, 2006.

 [8]      D. M. John, I. Anthony, and O. Kazuhira, Software reliability: measurement, prediction, application: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1987.

 [9]      L. L. Pullum, Software fault tolerance techniques and implementation: Artech House, Inc., 2001.

 [10]  D. G. Steven, "Robustness in Complex Systems," presented at the Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, 2001.

 [11]  G. M. Weinberg. (1983) Kill That Code! Infosystems.48-49.

 [12]  D. John and Philip J. Koopman, Jr., "Robust Software - No More Excuses," presented at the Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2002.

 [13]  D. Frank, Z. Nickolai, K. Frans, M. David, res, and M. Robert, "Event-driven programming for robust software," presented at the Proceedings of the 10th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop, Saint-Emilion, France, 2002.

 [14]  Y. Bi, J. Yuan, and Y. Jin, "Beyond the Interconnections: Split Manufacturing in RF Designs," Electronics, vol. 4, p. 541, 2015.

 [15]  Y. Bi, X. S. Hu, Y. Jin, M. Niemier, K. Shamsi, and X. Yin, "Enhancing Hardware Security with Emerging Transistor Technologies," presented at the Proceedings of the 26th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 2016.

 [16]  Y. Bi, K. Shamsi, J.-S.Yuan, P.-E.Gaillardon, G. D. Micheli, X. Yin, X.S. Hu, M. Niemier,

Y. Jin, "Emerging Technology-Based Design of Primitives for Hardware Security," J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst., vol. 13, pp. 1-19, 2016.

 [17]  M. Rebaudengo, M. S. Reorda, M. Torchiano, and M. Violante, "Soft-Error Detection through Software Fault-Tolerance Techniques," in IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 1999.

 [18]  R. L. Michael, H. Zubin, K. S. S. Sam, and C. Xia, "An Empirical Study on Testing and Fault Tolerance for Software Reliability Engineering," presented at the Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, 2003.

 [19]  N. H. Michael and T. H. Vance, "Robust Software," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 6, pp. 80-82, 2002.

 [20]  M. Dix and H. D. Hofmann, "Automated software robustness testing - static and adaptive test case design methods," in Euromicro Conference, 2002.Proceedings.28th, 2002, pp. 62- 66.

[21]  N. H. Michael, T. H. Vance, and G. Rosa Laura Zavala, "Robust software via agent-based redundancy," presented at the Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems, Melbourne, Australia, 2003.

 [22]  T. Rajesh and N. H. Michael, "Multiagent Reputation Management to Achieve Robust Software Using Redundancy," presented at the Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology, 2005.

 [23]  V. T. Holderfield and M. N. Huhns, "A Foundational Analysis of Software Robustness Using Redundant Agent Collaboration," in Agent Technologies, Infrastructures, Tools, and Applications for E-Services.vol. 2592/2003, ed Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer, 2003, pp. 355- 369.

 [24]  R. Laddaga. (1999, May/June) Creating Robust Software through Self-Adaptation.IEEE Intelligent systems.26-30.

 [25]  M. K. Mieczyslaw, B. Kenneth, and A. E. Yonet, "Control Theory-Based Foundations of Self-Controlling Software," vol. 14, ed: IEEE Educational Activities Department, 1999, pp. 37-45.

 [26]  C. Petitpierre and A. Eliëns, "Active Objects Provide Robust Event-Driven Applications," in SERP'02, Las Vegas, 2002, pp. 253-259.

 [27]  G. C. Philip, "Software design guidelines for event-driven programming," Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 41, pp. 79-91, 1998.

 [28]  B. P. Miller, D. Koski, C. P. Lee, V. Maganty, R. Murthy, A. Natarajan, J. Steidl, "Fuzz Revisited: A Re-examination of the Reliability of UNIX Utilities and Services," Report: University of Wisconsin, 1995.

 [29]  M. Schmid and F. Hill, "Data Generation Techniques for Automated Software Robustness Testing," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Testing Computer Software, 1999, pp. 14-18.

 [30]  J. P. DeVale, P. J. Koopman, and D. J. Guttendorf, "The Ballista Software Robustness Testing Service," presented at the Tesing Computer Software Coference, 1999.

 [31]  P. Koopman. (2002, 2nd September). The Ballista Project: COTS Software Robustness Testing. Available: http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/ballista/index.html

 [32]  K. Kanoun, H. Madeira, and J. Arlat, "A Framework for Dependability Benchmarking," presented at the The International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, Washington, D.C., USA, 2002.

 [33]  A. B. Brown and P. Shum, "Measuring Resiliency of IT Systems," presented at the SIGDeB Workshop, 2005.

 [34]  A. B. Brown, J. Hellerstein, M. Hogstrom, T. Lau, S. Lightstone, P. Shum, M. Peterson, "Benchmarking Autonomic Capabilities: Promises and Pitfalls," in International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC'04), Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2004, pp. 266-267.

 [35]  H. Zuse, A Framework of Software Measurement: Walter de Gruyter, 1998.

 [36]  N. E. Fenton and S. L. Pfleeger, Software Metrics, A Rigorous and Practical Approach, 2 ed.: PWS Publishing Company, 1997.

 [37]  ISO/IEC 15939: Systems and software engineering -- Measurement process, ISO/IEC, 2007.

 [38]  K. Kaur, K. Minhas, N. Mehan, and N. Kakkar, "Static and Dynamic Complexity Analysis of Software Metrics," Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 159-161, 2009.

 [39]  D. M. Jones, The New C Standard: A Cultural and Economic Commentary, 1st edition ed.: Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003.

 [40]  International Standard ISO/IEC 9899, 1999.

 [41]  D. M. Jones, The New C Standard: An Economic and Cultural Commentary, 2002.

 [42]  C programming language coding guidelines, www.lrdev.com, 1998.

 [43]  M. Arup and P. S. Daniel, "Measuring Software Dependability by Robustness Benchmarking," vol. 23, ed: IEEE Press, 1997, pp. 366-378.

 [44]  B. Eslamnour and S. Ali, "Measuring robustness of computing systems," Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol. 17, pp. 1457-1467, 2009.

 [45]  H. Arne, R. Razvan, and E. Rolf, "Methods for multi-dimensional robustness optimization in complex embedded systems," presented at the Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software, Salzburg, Austria, 2007.

 [46]  M. Abdallah, M. Munro, and K. Gallagher, "Certifying software robustness using program slicing," in 2010 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, Timisoara, Romania, 2010, pp. 1-2.

                                                                                           Citation Count – 02

                 Culture Effect on Requirements Elicitation Practice in 

                                         Developing Countries

Ayman Sadig1  and Abd-El-Kader Sahraoui2 1Ahfad University for Women                                   and SUST Khartoum Sudan

2LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, U2J, Toulouse, France

 ABSTRACT

 Requirement elicitation is a very important step into developing any new application. This paper will examine the culture effect on requirement elicitation in developing countries.

 This is a unique research that will look at requirement elicitation process in 10 different parts of the world including Arab word, India, China, Africa and South America. The focus is how the culture affects (RE) and makes every place has its own practice of RE. The data were collect through surveys and direct interviews. The results show astonishing culture effect on RE.

 The conclusion is that culture effects deeply the technique gets chosen for requirement elicitation. If you are doing RE in Thailand, it will be very different from RE in Arab world. For example in Thailand respect for leader is critical and any questioning of manager methods will create a problem while in Arab world decision tree is favourite RE technique because visual are liked much more than documents.

 KEYWORDS

 Culture impact, requirement elicitation.

 For More Details:http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N1/8117ijsea05.pdf

 Volume Link: http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]       Lee, S.hyun. & Kim Mi Na, (2008) “This is my paper”, ABC Transactions              on ECE, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp120-122.

 [2]         Gizem, Aksahya & Ayese, Ozcan (2009) Coomunications & Networks,                Network Books, ABC Publishers.

 [3]                   Sadiq .M and Mohd .S (2009), Article in an International journal, “Elicitationand Prioritization of Software Requirements”. Internation Journal of RecentTrends in Engineering, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 138-142.

 [4]                   Bergey, John, et al. Why Reengineering Projects Fail. No. CMU/SEI-99-TR-010. CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST, 1999.

 [5]                   Goguen, J. A., Linde, C. (1993): Techniques for Requirements Elicitation, International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, pp. 152-164, January 4-6, San Diego, CA.

 [6]                   Robertson, S., Robertson, J. (1999) Mastering the Requirements Process, Addison Wesley: Great Britain.

 [7]                   Iqbal, Tabbassum, and Mohammad Suaib. "Requirement Elicitation Technique:-A Review Paper." Int. J. Comput. Math. Sci 3.9 (2014).

 [8]                   HOFSTEDE G (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work- Related Values. Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

 [9]                   SCHEIN EH (1985) Organisational Culture and Leadership. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.

 [10]              LYTLE AL, BRETT JM, BARSNESS ZI, TINSLEY CH and JANSSENS M (1999) A paradigm for confirmatory cross-cultural research in organizational behavior. Research in Organizational Behavior 17, 167–214, https:// lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/31199.

 [11]              Kluckhohn, K (1954) Culture and behavior. In G. Lindsey (ED.) handbook of social psychology

 [12]              TRIANDIS HC (1995) Individualism & Collectivism. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

 [13]              ROKEACH M (1973) The Nature of Human Values. Free Press, New York.

 [14]              KARAHANNA E, EVARISTO JR and SRITE M (2005) Levels of culture and individual behavior: an integrative perspective. Journal of Global Information Management 13(2), 1–20

 [15]              Fernández, Daniel Méndez, and Stefan Wagner. "Naming the pain in requirements engineering: A design for a global family of surveys and first results from Germany." Information and Software Technology 57 (2015): 616-643.

 [16]              Davis, Gordon B. "Strategies for information requirements determination."IBM systems journal 21.1 (1982): 4-30.

 [17]              Rouibah, Kamel. "Social usage of instant messaging by individuals outside the workplace in Kuwait: A structural equation model." Information Technology & People 21.1 (2008): 34-68.

 [18]              Byrd, Terry Anthony, Kathy L. Cossick, and Robert W. Zmud. "A synthesis of research on requirements analysis and knowledge acquisition techniques."MIS quarterly (1992): 117-138.

 [19]              Arnott, David, Waraporn Jirachiefpattana, and Peter O'Donnell. "Executive information systems development in an emerging economy." Decision Support Systems 42.4 (2007): 2078-2084.

 [20]              Kontio, Jyrki, Laura Lehtola, and Johanna Bragge. "Using the focus group method in software engineering: obtaining practitioner and user experiences."Empirical Software Engineering, 2004. ISESE'04. Proceedings. 2004 International Symposium on. IEEE, 2004.

 [21]              Agarwal, Ritu, Atish P. Sinha, and Mohan Tanniru. "The role of prior experience and task characteristics in object-oriented modeling: an empirical study." International journal of human-computer studies 45.6 (1996): 639-667.

 [22]              Liu, Lin, et al. "Understanding chinese characteristics of requirements engineering." 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009.

 [23]              Rouibah, Kamel, and Sulaiman Al-Rafee. "Requirement engineering elicitation methods: A Kuwaiti empirical study about familiarity, usage and perceived value." Information management & computer security 17.3 (2009): 192-217.

 [24]              Liu, Lin, et al. "Understanding chinese characteristics of requirements engineering." 2009 17th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009.

 [25]              Fernández, Daniel Méndez, and Stefan Wagner. "Naming the pain in requirements engineering: A design for a global family of surveys and first results from Germany." Information and Software Technology 57 (2015): 616-643.

 [26]              Winschiers-Theophilus, Heike, et al. "Determining requirements within an indigenous knowledge system of African rural communities." Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. ACM, 2010.

 [27]              Mursu, Anja, et al. "Information systems development in a developing country: Theoretical analysis of special requirements in Nigeria and  Africa."System Sciences, 2000. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 2000.

 [28]              Anwar, Fares, and Rozilawati Razali. "A practical guide to requirements elicitation techniques selection-An empirical study." Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 11.8 (2012): 1059-1067.

 [29]              HELLIWELL J, LAYARD R and SACHS J (2013) World happiness report 2013, United Nations.

 [30]              HOFSTEDE G andHOFSTEDE GJ (2005) Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind. McGraw-Hill, New York.

 [31]              Thanasankit, Theerasak, and Brian Corbitt. "Cultural context and its impact on requirements elicitation in Thailand." EJISDC: The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries 1 (2000): 2.

 [32]              Komin, S. (1990). Psychology of the Thai People: Values and Behavioral Patterns. Bangkok, Thailand: NIDA (National Institute of Development Administration).

 [33]              Khan¹, Shadab, Aruna B. Dulloo, and Meghna Verma. "Systematic review of requirement elicitation techniques." (2014).

 [34]              Sadig, Ayman. "Requirements Engineering Practice in Developing Countries: Elicitation and Traceability Processes." Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice (SERP). The Steering Committee of The World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing (WorldComp), 2016.

 [35]       Wiegers, Karl, and Joy Beatty. Software requirements. Pearson                            Education, 2013

                                                                                            Citation Count – 02

          A User Story Quality Measurement Model for Reducing Agile 

                                   Software Development Risk

                                              Sen-Tarng Lai

 Department of Information Technology and Management, Shih Chien                                             University, Taipei, Taiwan

 ABSTRACT

 In Mobile communications age, the IT environment and IT technology update rapidly. The requirements change is the software project must face challenge. Able to overcome the impact of requirements change, software development risks can be effectively reduced. Agile software development uses the Iterative and Incremental Development (IID) process and focuses on the workable software and client communication. Agile software development is a very suitable development method for handling the requirements change in software development process. In agile development, user stories are the important documents for the client communication and criteria of acceptance test. However, the agile development doesn’t pay attention to the formal requirements analysis and artifacts tracability to cause the potential risks of software change management. In this paper, analyzing and collecting the critical quality factors of user stories, and proposes the User Story Quality Measurement (USQM) model. Applied USQM model, the requirements quality of agile development can be enhanced and risks of requirement changes can be reduced.

 KEYWORDS

 Agile development, user story, software project, quality measurement, USQM.

 For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N2/8217ijsea05.pdf

 Volume Link : http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]                   S. A. Bohner and R. S. Arnold, 1996. Software Change Impact Analysis, IEEE Computer Society Press, CA, pp. 1-26.

 [2]                   S. A. Bohner, 2002. Software Change Impacts: An Evolving Perspective, Proc. of IEEE Intl Conf. on Software Maintenance, pp. 263-271.

 [3]                   B. W. Boehm, 1991. Software risk management: Principles and practices, IEEE Software, 8(1), 1991, pp. 32-41.

 [4]                   A. Cockburn, 2002. Agile Software Development, Addison-Wesley.

 [5]                   M. Cohn and D. Ford, 2003. Introducing an Agile Process to an Organization, IEEE Computer, vol. 36 no. 6 pp. 74-78, June 2003.

 [6]                   V.    Szalvay,    “An    Introduction   to    Agile    Software    Development,”    Danube Technologies Inc., 2004.

 [7]                   C. Larman and V. R. Basili, 2003. Iterative and Incremental Development: A Brief History, IEEE Computer, June 2003.

 [8]                   C. Larman, 2004. Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager's Guide, Boston: Addison Wesley.

 [9]                   S.    R.    Schach,    2010.    Object-Oriented    Software   Engineering,    McGraw-Hill Companies.

 [10]              J. L. Eveleens and C. Verhoef, 2010. The Rise and Fall of the Chaos Report Figures,” IEEE Software, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 30-36.

 [11]              The Standish group, 2009. “New Standish Group report shows more project failing and       less      successful                  projects,”  April                    23,                      2009.

(http://www.standishgroup.com/newsroom/chaos_2009.php)

 [12]              B. W. Boehm, 1989. “Tutorial: Software Risk Management,” IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos, Calif.

 [13]              R. Fairley,1994. “Risk management for Software Projects,” IEEE Software, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 57-67.

 [14]              R. S. Pressman, 2010. Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, McGraw- Hill, New York, 2010.

 [15]              David S. Frankel, 2003. Model Driven Architecture: Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing, John Wiley & Sons.

 [16]              Mike Cohn, 2004. User Stories Applied: For Agile Software Development, Addison- Wesley Professional; 1 edition.

 [17]              Ron Jeffries, 2001. “Essential XP: Card, Conversation, Confirmation,” Posted on: August 30, 2001. (http://xprogramming.com/index.php)

 [18]              Bill Wake, 2003. “INVEST in Good Stories, and SMART Tasks,” Posted on August 17, 2003, (http://xp123.com/articles/invest-in-good-stories-and-smart-tasks/)

 [19]              Bill Wake, 2012. “Independent Stories in the INVEST Model,” Posted on: February 8, 2012, (http://xp123.com/articles/independent-stories-in-the-invest-model/)

 [20]              T. J. McCabe, 1976. A Complexity Measure, IEEE Trans. On Software Eng., Vol. 2, No 4, pp.308-320.

 [21]              M. H. Halstead, 1977, Elements of Software Science, North-Holland, New York.

 [22]              Ivar Jacobson and Pan-Wei Ng, 2004, Aspect-Oriented Software Development with Use Cases, Addison-Wesley Boston, 2004.

 [23]              Ralph Young, 2001, Effective Requirements Practices, Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2001.

 [24]              S. D. Conte, H. E. Dunsmore and V. Y. Shen, 1986. Software Engineering Metrics and Models, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park.

 [25]              N. E. Fenton, 1991, Software Metrics - A Rigorous Approach, Chapman & Hall.

 [26]              D. Galin, 2004. Software Quality Assurance – From theory to implementation, Pearson Education Limited, England.

                                                                                          Citation Count – 19

                    A Survey of Verification Tools Based on Hoare Logic

                                                   Nahid A. Ali

 College of Computer Science & Information Technology, Sudan University                       of Science & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan

 ABSTRACT

The quality and the correctness of software has a great concern in computer systems. Formal verification tools can used to provide a confidence that a software design is free from certain errors. This paper surveys tools that accomplish automatic software verification to detect programming errors or prove their absence. The two tools considered are tools that based on Hoare logic namely, the KeY-Hoare and Hoare Advanced Homework Assistant (HAHA). A detailed example on these tools is provided, underlining their differences when applied to practical problems.

 KEYWORDS

 Hoare Logic, Software Verification, Formal Verification Tools, KeY-Hoare Tool, Hoare Advanced Homework Assistant Tool

 For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N2/8217ijsea06.pdf

 Volume Link : http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]  D'silva, Vijay and Kroening, Daniel and Weissenbacher, Georg, "A survey of automated techniques for formal software verification." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 27(7), pp.1165- 1178, 2008.

 [2]  C. A. R. Hoare, "An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming," Communications of the ACM, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 576 - 580, 1969.

 [3]  R. W. Floyd, "Assigning Meanings to Programs," Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 19-32, 1967.

 [4]  Mili , Ali ; Tchier, Fairouz ;, Software Testing: Concepts and Operations, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.

 [5]  "Isabelle," [Online]. Available: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/hvg/Isabelle/.

 [6]  S. Owre, J. Rushby and N. Shankar, "PVS: A Prototype Verification System," in 11th International Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE), vol. 607, Springer- Verlag, 1992, pp. 748-752.

 [7]            "Symbolic              Model             Verifier,"              [Online].             Available: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~modelcheck/smv.html.

 [8]  J. Winkler, "The Frege Program Prover FPP," in Internationales Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium, vol. 42, 1997, pp. 116-121.

 [9]  D. Crocker, "Perfect Developer: A Tool for Object-Oriented Formal Specification and Refinement," Tools Exhibition Notes at Formal Methods Europe, 2003.

 [10]  H¨ahnle , Reiner; Bubel, Richard, "A Hoare-Style Calculus with Explicit State Updates," Formal Methods in Computer Science Education(FORMED), pp. 49-60, 2008.

 [11]    "Hoare Advanced Homework Assistant (HAHA)," [Online]. Available: http://haha.mimuw.edu.pl/.

 [12]  T. Sznuk and A. Schubert, "Tool Support for Teaching Hoare Logic," in Software Engineering and Formal Methods, Springer, 2014, pp. 332-346.

 [13]        "Key-        Hoare        System,"        [Online].        Available:        http://www.key- project.org/download/hoare/.

 [14]   L. de Moura and N. Bjørner, "Z3: An efficient SMT solver," in Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Springer, 2008, pp. 337- 340.

 [15]  C. Barrett, C. L. Conway, M. Deters, L. Hadarean, D. Jovanovi´c, T. King, A. Reynolds and C. Tinelli, "CVC4," in Computer Aided Verification, Springer, 2011, pp. 171-177.

 [16]  Feinerer, Ingo and Salzer, Gernot , A comparison of tools for teaching formal software verification, Formal Aspects of Computing, vol. 21(3), pp. 293–301, 2009.

                                                                                          Citation Count – 18

 The Impact of Software Complexity on Cost and Quality - A Comparative                 Analysis Between Open Source and Proprietary Software

                            Anh Nguyen-Duc IDI, NTNU, Norway

 ABSTRACT

 Early prediction of software quality is important for better software planning and controlling. In early development phases, design complexity metrics are considered as useful indicators of software testing effort and some quality attributes. Although many studies investigate the relationship between design complexity and cost and quality, it is unclear what we have learned beyond the scope of individual studies. This paper presented a systematic review on the influence of software complexity metrics on quality attributes. We aggregated Spearman correlation coefficients from 59 different data sets from 57 primary studies by a tailored meta-analysis approach. We found that fault proneness and maintainability are most frequently investigated attributes. Chidamber & Kemerer metric suite is most frequently used but not all of them are good quality attribute indicators. Moreover, the impact of these metrics is not different in proprietary and open source projects. The result provides some implications for building quality model across project type.

 KEYWORDS

 Design Complexity, Software Engineering, Open source software, Systematic literature review

 For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijsea/V8N2/8217ijsea02.pdf

 Volume Link : http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/vol8.html

REFERENCES

 [1]                   T. DeMarco, “A metric of estimation quality,” Proceedings of the May 16-19, 1983, national computer conference, Anaheim, California: ACM, 1983, pp. 753-756.

 [2]                   R.B. Grady, Practical Software Metrics for Project Management and Process Improvement, Hewlett-Packard Professional Books, Prentice Hall, New Jersey,1992.

 [3]                   C. Catal and B. Diri, “A systematic review of software fault prediction studies,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, 2009, pp. 7346-7354.

 [4]                   O. Gomez, H. Oktaba, M. Piattini, and F. Garci¬a, “A systematic review measurement in software engineering: State-of-the-art in measures”,  1st International Conference on Software and Data Technologies (ICSOFT), 2006, pp. 224-231.

 [5]                   E. Arisholm, L. Briand, and E. Johannessen, “A systematic and comprehensive investigation of methods to build and evaluate fault prediction models,” Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 83, 2010, pp. 2-17.

 [6]                   C. Bellini, R. Pereira, and J. Becker, “Measurement in software engineering: From the roadmap to the crossroads,” International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, vol. 18, 2008, pp. 37-64.

 [7]                   IEEE, IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology, report IEEE Std 610.12- 1990, IEEE, 1990.

 [8]                   L. Briand, J. Wuest, S. Ikonomovski, and H. Lounis, “A Comprehensive Investigation of Quality Factors in Object-Oriented Designs: An Industrial Case Study” Technical Report ISERN-98-29, International conference on Software Engineering, 1998.

 [9]                   K. El Emam, W. Melo, and J. Machado, “The prediction of faulty classes using object-oriented design metrics,” Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 56, 2001, pp. 63-75.

 [10]              B. A. Kitchenham, “Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering”, Ver 2.3, Keele University, EBSE Technical Report, 2007

 [11]              L.M. Pickard, B.A. Kitchenham, and P.W. Jones, “Combining empirical results in software engineering,” Journal on Information and Software Technology, vol. 40, Dec. 1998, pp 811-821

 [12]              M. Ciolkowski, “Aggregation of Empirical Evidence,” Empirical Software Engineering Issues. Critical Assessment and Future Directions, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2007, p. 20

 [13]              LV. Hedges, I. Olkin, Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1995.

 [14]              H. Cooper, L. Hedges, “Research synthesis as a scientific enterprise”, Handbook of research synthesis (pp. 3-14). New York: Russell Sage, 1994.

 [15]              J. E. Hannay, T. Dybå, E. Arisholm, D. I. K. Sjøberg, “The Effectiveness of Pair- Programming: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal on Information and Software Technology 55(7):1110-1122, 2009.

 [16]              M. Ciolkowski, “What do we know about perspective-based reading? An approach for quantitative aggregation in software engineering”, 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, 2009, pp. 133- 144.

 [17]              ISO, “International standard ISO/IEC 9126. Information technology: Software product evaluation: Quality characteristics and guidelines for their use.” 1991

 [18]              S.R. Chidamber and C.F. Kemerer, “Towards a metrics suite for object oriented design,” SIGPLAN Not., vol. 26, 1991, pp. 197-211.

 [19]              J. M. Scotto, W. Pedrycz, B. Russo, M. Stefanovic, and G. Succi, “Identification of defect-prone classes in telecommunication software systems using design metrics,” Information Sciences, vol. 176, 2006, pp. 3711-3734.

 [20]              R. Subramanyam and M. Krishnan, “Empirical analysis of CK metrics for object- oriented design complexity: Implications for software defects,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 29, 2003, pp. 297-310.

 [21]              Y. Zhou and H. Leung, “Empirical analysis of object-oriented design metrics for predicting high and low severity faults,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 32, 2006, pp. 771-789.

 [22]              L. Briand, W. Melo, and J. Wurst, “Assessing the applicability of fault-proneness models across object-oriented software projects,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 28, 2002, pp. 706-720.

 [23]              G. Succi, W. Pedrycz, M. Stefanovic, and J. Miller, “Practical assessment of the models for identification of defect-prone classes in object-oriented commercial systems using design metrics,” Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 65, 2003, pp. 1-12.

 [24]              T. Saracevic, “Evaluation of evaluation in information retrieval”, 18th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, Seattle, Washington, United States, 1995, pp. 138-146.

 [25]              Paulson, J.W.; Succi, G.; Eberlein, A., "An empirical study of open-source and closed-source software products”, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol.30, no.4, pp. 246- 256, April 2004.

 [26]              A. Bachmann and A. Bernstein, “Software process data quality and characteristics: a historical view on open and closed source projects,” Joint international and annual ERCIM workshops on Principles of software evolution (IWPSE) and software evolution (Evol) workshops, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: ACM, 2009, pp. 119- 128.

[27]              J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Edition), 2nd ed. Routledge Academic, January 1988.

[28]              J. Devore, Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences, 7th Ed. Thomson Brooks, 2008.

 [29]              N. D. Anh, “The impact of software design complexity on cost and quality”, Master thesis, [Available ONLINE] http://www.bth.se/fou/cuppsats.nsf/$$Search

     International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA)

                  ISSN : 0975 - 9018 ( Online ); 0976-2221 ( Print )

                    http://www.airccse.org/journal/ijsea/ijsea.html